JPH048037B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

Methods for decomposing fats and oils using lipase have been reported for a long time, but there are few examples of this being used industrially. The reason for this is that lipase is expensive and cannot be used in large quantities, making it impossible to increase the decomposition rate. As a result of conducting various studies to improve these points, the present inventor found that in the decomposition reaction of fats and oils using lipase, when heptane or isooctane is added to perform the decomposition, the decomposition rate becomes faster and the decomposition rate of fats and oils is reduced. The present inventors have discovered that it is possible to increase the amount of lipase and reduce the amount of lipase added, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is a method for decomposing fats and oils using lipase, which is characterized by adding heptane or isooctane to the decomposition reaction system when decomposing fats and oils using lipase. The lipase used in the present invention includes:
Any material that has a strong ability to decompose fats and oils can be used regardless of its origin, whether animal, plant, or microbial. Specific examples include pancreatin lipase, castor seed lipase, or Candida.
Lipase produced by microorganisms of the genus, such as Candida cylindracea;
Further examples include commercially available lipases. In addition, as the fats and oils that serve as raw materials for fat decomposition, animal fats and oils such as beef tallow, pork fat, and fish fat, or vegetable fats and oils such as coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil, and olive oil can be used. The amount of water added when decomposing this oil is
Usually, the ratio is preferably 0.3 to 7, preferably 0.5 to 3.0, per 1 of fat or oil, but it varies depending on the type of raw material oil and fat, and the type and amount of lipase added. The amount of heptane or isooctane added is 5 to 70%, preferably 10 to 50% of the amount of water used. These organic solvents may be added from the beginning of the fat and oil decomposition reaction, or may be added during the reaction. As the temperature and time for the decomposition reaction, the temperature and time normally used for the decomposition reaction of fats and oils by lipase are used. When fats and oils are decomposed according to the present invention, when left to stand after the reaction is completed, the reaction product separates into two layers: an upper layer that is an organic solvent layer containing fatty acids and a lower layer that is an aqueous layer containing glycerin. These two layers are easily separated, so there is no need to use a centrifuge. The upper organic solvent layer is distilled and separated into organic solvent and fatty acid, and the organic solvent is used again for the next decomposition.
Further, the lower aqueous layer is concentrated by a conventional method to recover glycerin. Furthermore, since lipase activity remains in the aqueous layer, the amount of lipase used can be reduced by using this aqueous layer as it is for the next decomposition and adding the insufficient amount of lipase to decompose the fats and oils. I can do it. According to the present invention, the rate of decomposition of fats and oils by lipase becomes faster, the decomposition rate increases, and the amount of lipase added can be reduced, so the present invention is a useful method for decomposing fats and oils by lipase. Next, examples of the present invention will be shown. Example 1 Add lipase produced by Candeida Cylindrace to 240 ml of phosphate buffer (PH 7.7, 1/15 mol) and 40 g of beef tallow at 24 units per 1 g of beef tallow (1 unit produces 1 micromole of fatty acids per minute). 60 ml of heptane and 60 ml of isooctane were added to each of the two samples, and the mixture was heated to 37°C.
Decomposition was carried out while stirring. In addition, beef tallow was decomposed under the same conditions as above, except that no organic solvent was added, and the cases in which only a buffer solution was used and the cases in which an organic solvent was added were compared. The results are shown in the following table as decomposition rate %. The decomposition rate was determined by alkaline titration of the amount of free fatty acids to determine the acid value (AV), and was expressed as a ratio (AV/AV ₀ ×100) to the acid value (AV ₀ ) when all the raw material fats and oils were decomposed.

[Table] From the table above, it can be seen that when any organic solvent is added, the decomposition rate becomes faster and the decomposition rate can also be increased compared to when only a buffer solution is used. Next, the decomposition product was allowed to stand still and decomposed into two layers. Then, the organic solvent was distilled off from the upper organic solvent layer containing fatty acids by a conventional method to obtain fatty acids, and the water was evaporated from the lower aqueous layer containing glycerin to obtain glycerin. Example 2 Commercially available lipase (manufactured by Meito Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was added to 240 ml of water and 50 g of olive oil in an amount of 50 units per 1 g of olive oil, and 80 ml of isooctane was added and decomposition was carried out with stirring at 30°C. The decomposition rate after 5 hours was 90%, and the decomposition rate after 10 hours was 98%. After 10 hours, the decomposition product was allowed to stand still and decomposed into two layers, octane was distilled off from the upper layer by a conventional method to collect fatty acids, and water was evaporated from the lower layer to collect glycerin.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for decomposing fats and oils using lipase, which comprises adding heptane or isooctane to a decomposition reaction system containing water as an essential component when decomposing fats and oils using lipase.