JPH0477762A - Electrifying member - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the electrigying mamber which can stably supply high- grade images which are free from image dotty fogging by the nonuniformity of electrification and image defects by the discharge breakdown of a photosensi tive body by providing a resin layer contg. a carboxylate on a conductive elastic layer. CONSTITUTION:This electrifying member is made into the three-layered constitution consisting of the conductive elastic layer 2 provided on a conductive base 1a and further, the resin layer 3 contg. the carboxylate on the elastic layer 2. Salts of acids, such as acetic acid, lactic acid, bensoic acid, maleic acid, terephthalic acid, and malonic acid, i.e., metallic salts of lithium, sodium, potasium, zinc, calcium, strontium, etc., are usable as the carboxylate. The electrifying member having the resin layer contg. the carboxylate in such a manner has the low adhesiveness to the electrophotogrtaphic sensitive body and has resilience as well and, therefore, the member imparts high image quality, lessens the contamination with toners, and lessens the fluctuation in the volumetric resistance of the resin layer even at and under a low temp. and low humidity. This member is thus usable as the stable electrifying member.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a charging member, and particularly to a charging member used for primary charging, transfer charging, and static elimination charging in electrophotography.

C. Prior Art] The charging process in an electrophotographic process using an electrophotographic photoreceptor has conventionally applied a high voltage (DC5) to a metal wire.
~8 kV) is applied, and charging is performed by the generated corona. However, with this method, when corona occurs, corona products such as ozone and NOx alter the surface of the photoreceptor, causing image blurring and deterioration, and wire dirt affects image quality, resulting in white spots and black lines in one image. There were other problems. On the other hand, in terms of electric power, the current flowing toward the photoreceptor is
Only 30% of the charge flowed to the shield plate, making it ineffective as a charging means.

In order to compensate for these drawbacks, many methods of direct charging have been researched and proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 57-1.78267, 1982-104351, 1983-
No. 40566, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 139156/1983,
JP-A-58-150975, etc.). However, in reality, even if the photoreceptor is charged by the contact charging method as described above, the surface of the photoreceptor is not uniformly charged at each part, and uneven charging occurs. For example, in the reversal development method, even if a process below photoimage exposure is applied to a photoconductor with spotty charging unevenness, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness, whereas in the regular development method, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness. A high-quality image cannot be obtained due to unevenness and speckled white dots.

In addition, although there are many proposals for direct charging, there is no market track record.The reason for this is the lack of uniformity of charging.
Examples of such problems include the occurrence of discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor due to direct voltage application. For example, in the case of a cylindrical photoreceptor, one breakdown point due to discharge dielectric breakdown has the disadvantage that the entire charge in the axial direction flows to the breakdown point and is no longer charged.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to prevent this dielectric breakdown, a method of forming a resin layer on the surface has also been reported (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1205+80, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 1205-211779).

However, these materials also have large fluctuations in resistance at low temperatures and low humidity, and their charging properties are unstable, and when used in contact with an organic photoreceptor, the surfaces of the organic photoreceptor and the charging member may It had defects such as the resin becoming compatibilized and sticking together.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a charging device that can solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and stably supply high-quality images without causing spot fog due to non-uniform charging or image defects due to discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor. The goal is to provide parts.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, in which the conductive elastic layer has a resin layer containing a carboxylic acid salt. This is a charging member characterized by:

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

As shown in FIG. 1, the charging member of the present invention includes a conductive elastic layer 2 provided on a conductive support la, and a resin layer 3 containing a carboxylate salt on the elastic layer 2. The basic structure is a three-layer structure.

In the present invention, carboxylic acid salts include acetic acid, butyric acid,
Salts of acids such as benzoic acid, maleic acid, terephthalic acid, malonic acid, i.e. lithium, sodium, potassium, zinc,
Metal salts such as calcium and strontium can be used.

Specific examples of carboxylates are shown below.

CHaCOONa CHsCLCLCOONa As the main resin of the resin layer, casein, bovinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, etc. are used.

The amount of carboxylate added to these binder resins is preferably 1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 2 to 20% by weight.

If it is less than 1%, the effect of the addition of the present invention cannot be sufficiently obtained, and 30
%, problems such as a decrease in film formability and an increase in hygroscopicity occur.

Conventional charging members have surfaces made of rubber or polyurethane, so if they come into contact with an electrophotographic photoreceptor, the photoreceptor and charging member may stick together, or if the surface is hard, wrinkles may occur. , resulting in image defects.

On the other hand, the charging member having a resin layer containing a carboxylate salt of the present invention has less adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor and is flexible, so it can provide high-quality images and cause less toner staining. Even under low temperature and low humidity conditions, the resin layer exhibits little variation in volume resistivity and can be used as a stable loading member.

The thickness of the resin layer is 5 to 500I1m, especially 20 to 200I1m.
A range of JJ, m is preferred.

The volumetric efficiency of the resin layer is preferably in the range of 10 6 to 10 12 Ω·cm. Further, as shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-230334, the volume resistivity of the resin layer is preferably greater than the volume resistivity of the lower conductive elastic layer in contact with the resin layer. The volume resistance of the elastic layer is 100 to 10'1 Ω'cm
In particular, a range of 102 to 10" Ωcm is preferable.The elastic layer is made of metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, carbon, metals, etc., dispersed therein. Rubber or plastic elastomer that has been treated to be electrically conductive, or a material in which the surface of rubber or plastic elastomer is laminated coated with metal or other electrically conductive material, etc. The conductive support 1a may have a multilayer structure such as iron,
Copper, stainless steel, etc. can be used.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a protective layer 4 may be provided on the surface of the charging member to protect the charging member. This protective layer is formed of a resin layer, and insoluble resin powder 5 may be mixed therein to control the conductivity and the surface roughness of the charging member.

In the case of a blade-shaped charging member as shown in FIG. 3, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on the conductive sheet metal 1b, and a resin layer 3
will be established.

Further, a protective layer may be provided.

The charging member may have any shape such as a roller shape or a blade shape, but a roller shape is preferable in terms of uniform charging.

Electrophotographic photoreceptors basically have a structure in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support. As the conductive support, materials that are conductive themselves such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, chromium, titanium, etc. can be used. In addition, aluminum, aluminum alloy, indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, etc. can be used. The conductive support or plastic has a layer formed by vacuum deposition, a support in which plastic or paper is impregnated with conductive particles (e.g. carbon black, tin oxide particles, etc.) together with a suitable binder, or a conductive binder. Plastic or the like can be used.

A subbing layer having barrier and adhesive functions can also be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.

The subbing layer can be formed from casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably 5 gm or less, preferably 0.5 to 3 um. In order for the undercoat layer to perform its function, it is desirable that the undercoat layer has a resistance of 10 7 Ω·cm or more.

The photosensitive layer is formed, for example, by coating a photoconductor such as an organic photoconductor, amorphous silicon, selenium, etc. together with a binder if necessary, or by vacuum deposition. Furthermore, when using an organic photoconductor, a photosensitive layer consisting of a combination of a charge generation layer that generates charge carriers upon exposure to light and a charge transport layer that has the ability to transport the generated charge carriers can also be effectively used.

The charge generation layer may be formed by depositing LFI or two or more types of charge generation materials such as azo pigments, quinone pigments, quinone anine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridine pigments, or by depositing two or more types of charge generation materials, such as azo pigments, quinone pigments, quinone anine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridine pigments, or by depositing two or more types of charge generation materials. It can be dispersed with a binder (or without a binder) and formed by coating.

The binder can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins or organic photoconductive polymers. For example, insulating resins include polyvinyl butyral, polyaryl 1- (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate,
Examples include polyester, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, casein, and polyvinyl alcohol. In addition, examples of organic photoconductive polymers include carbazole, polyvinylene),
Examples include helix and polyvinylpyrene.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is 0. O1 to 1.5 um, preferably 0.05 to 5 tt, m, and the weight ratio of the charge generation layer to the binder is lO:1 to 1:20.

The solvent used in the paint for the charge generation layer is selected based on the solubility and dispersion stability of the resin and charge transport material used, and examples of organic solvents include alcohols, sulfoxides, ethers, esters, and aliphatic halogenated solvents. Hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds can be used.

Coating can be carried out using a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, or a blade coating method.

The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving a charge transport material in a film-forming resin. Examples of organic charge transport materials used in the present invention include hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds,
Examples include thiazole compounds and triarylmethane compounds. These charge transport substances are one or two types.
It is possible to use a combination of fi or more.

Examples of binders used in the charge transport layer include phenoxy resin, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyamide 5 acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenolic resin, and epoxy. Resin, polyester, alkyd resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane or two of the repeating units of these resins
Copolymers containing poly-F such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, and the like can be mentioned. Additionally, organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylene helix, polyvinylpyrene, etc. can also be selected.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 504 zm, preferably 8 to 2 zm.
0 μm, and the weight ratio of the N transport material to the binder is 5:
1 to 1:5, preferably 3:1 to 1:3. The coating method described above can be used for coating.

Furthermore, dyes, pigments, organic charge transport substances, etc.
If necessary, a protective layer may be provided as the surface is sensitive to ultraviolet rays, ozone, oil stains, metals, etc. In order to form an electrostatic latent image on this protective layer, a surface resistivity of 10 is required.
It is 11Ω or more. This is desirable.

The protective layer of the photoreceptor is made of polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin,
It can be formed by dissolving a resin such as nylon, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, etc. in a suitable organic solvent on the photosensitive layer and drying it. . At this time, the thickness of the protective layer is generally in the range of 0.05 to 20 μm.

This protective layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like.

The charging member of the present invention can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging member 6, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, and a cleaning means] O1 pre-exposure hand Ω11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. There is.

[Electrophotographic photoreceptor] A voltage (for example, 200 V or more or more than 2000 V) is applied from the outside to the next charging member 6 that is placed in contact with the
A pulsating current voltage consisting of the following DC voltage and an AC voltage with a peak-to-peak voltage of 4000 V or less is applied to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 12.
The surface is charged, and the image on the document is image-exposed onto the photoreceptor by the image exposure means 7 to form an electrostatic latent image. Next, the developing means 8
By adhering the developer therein to the photoreceptor, the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor is developed (visualized), and the developer on the photoreceptor is transferred to paper or the like by the transfer charging corona charger 9. The developer is transferred to the transfer target member 13, and the developer remaining on the photoreceptor without being transferred to the paper during transfer is collected by the cleaning means 10.

An image can be formed by such an electrophotographic process, but if residual charges remain on the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor is exposed to light by the pre-exposure means 11 to remove the residual charges before the next charging. It is better to eliminate static electricity.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for transfer charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a charging member 15 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. There is.

A voltage (for example, a DC voltage of 400 to 100 O
V) can be applied to transfer the developer on the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a transfer member such as paper.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for static electricity removal charging, for example,
It can be applied to an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, and a cleaning means 10 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12.

A voltage (for example, an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 500 to 500
2000V) can be applied to remove the electric charge on the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

The charging member of the present invention exhibits its characteristics significantly when applied to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductor, which easily deteriorates in terms of mechanical strength and chemical stability. can do.

In the present invention, the method for installing the charging member in contact with the photoreceptor is not limited to a specific method.
Any method of movement such as rotation in the same direction as the photoreceptor or in the opposite direction can be used. Furthermore, it is also possible to cause the charging member to function as a developer cleaning device on the photoreceptor.

Regarding the voltage applied to the charging member and the application method in the direct charging of the present invention, it depends on the specifications of each electrophotographic device, but in addition to the method of instantly applying the desired voltage, there are also methods for protecting the photoreceptor. A method can be adopted in which the applied voltage is increased stepwise, or in the case of applying a superimposed alternating current on direct current, the voltage is applied in the order of direct current (to alternating current) or alternating current (to alternating current) to direct current.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for primary charging of an electrophotographic device, it is necessary to superimpose a DC voltage and an AC voltage on the electrophotographic photoreceptor in the image output area.

When primary charging is applied only with DC voltage, uniform charging cannot be achieved.

When used for transfer charging, a DC voltage alone or a DC voltage and an AC voltage may be superimposed.

When used for static elimination charging, it is necessary to apply only an alternating current voltage.

Further, in the present invention, processes such as image exposure, development, and cleaning can be performed using any method known in the field of electrostatic photography, and are not limited to a specific type of developer.

The charging member of the present invention can be used not only in copying machines but also in electrophotographic applications such as laser printers, CRT printers, electrophotographic plate-making systems, and facsimile machines having a receiving means for receiving image information from a remote terminal. can.

[Example 1 The present invention will be explained below with reference to examples.

Example 1 As a conductive support, 6oφ×260 with a wall thickness of 0.5mm
A mm aluminum cylinder was prepared.

Copolymerized nylon (product name: CM8000, manufactured by Toshi ■)
Part 4 and Type 8 nylon (trade name Niratsukamite 5)
003, manufactured by Dainippon Ink ■) 4 parts with 50 parts of methanol,
It was dissolved in 50 parts of n-butanol and applied on the above support by dip coating to form a 0.6 μm thick undercoat layer.

10 parts of a disazo pigment with the following structural formula, and polyvinyl butyral resin (product name: S-LEC B)
10 parts of M2 (manufactured by Building Block Chemical), 12 parts of cyclohexanone
The mixture was dispersed for 10 hours in a Zandmill apparatus with 0 parts. 30 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the dispersion and coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.1511 m.

10 parts of polycarbonate Z resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a weight average molecular weight of 120,000 was prepared and dissolved in 80 parts of monochlorobenzene along with 10 parts of a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula. This was coated on the charge generation layer to form a charge transport layer with a thickness of 1611 m to produce electrophotographic photoreceptors No. 1.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight parts and form a φ8 piece at the center as a conductive support.
φ20X 24 through the stainless steel shaft of X 260mm
It was molded to have a thickness of 0 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a roller-shaped charging member was provided.

The volume resistance of the conductive elastic layer of this charging member is determined at a temperature of 22
When measured in an environment of ℃ and 60% humidity, it is 3X]O'Ω·cm.

Next, 1 part by weight of sodium terephthalate salt and 20 parts by weight of edilene-acrylic acid copolymer were dissolved in 80 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was determined. A 200 um resin layer was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member. A resin layer was similarly provided on an aluminum sheet, and the volume resistance was measured.

This charging member is connected to a normal development type copying machine PC as shown in Fig. 3.
- 2Of Canon) - Installed in place of the next corona charger and rotated in accordance with the electrophotographic photoreceptor. - Wide charging voltage is obtained by superimposing DC voltage -750V and AC peak-to-peak voltage of 1500V. Potential measurements and images of dark potential and bright potential were examined.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Furthermore, the volume resistance of the resin layer of the charging member, the potential characteristics and the image when this charging member is attached to a regular image type copying machine were similarly examined and shown in the low temperature and low humidity conditions of 15°C and 23°C and 10% humidity. Shown in 1.

Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 1 part by weight of sodium maleate and 30 parts by weight of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 200 μIn. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 1 part by weight of potassium benzoate and 15 parts by weight of casein were dissolved in 70 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 200 μm.
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing m resin layers.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 0.5 parts by weight of sodium butyrate and 30 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 1.20 parts by weight of pure water, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 200 μm. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, copolymerization (10 parts by weight of 6-66-10-121 nylon was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 200 I
rm resin layer was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon 6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol,
A resin layer having a thickness of 200 μm after drying was provided by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, polyester polyol (product name: Niraporan 12)
1. 8 parts by weight of Nippon Polyurethane ■ and 1.2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and dried. A resin layer having a thickness of 2,009 m was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 10 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 200 um was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2.3.4 and Comparative Example 1.2, the present invention can prevent the occurrence of image defects such as wavy fog caused by hardening of the resin layer at low temperatures.

Furthermore, as can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2, and 3.4 with Comparative Example 3.4, it is possible to prevent the charging member from fusing with the photoreceptor and to suppress the occurrence of horizontal streak images.

Although the polyurethane resin layer has a high volume resistivity as in Comparative Example 3, by including a carboxylate as in Examples 1, 2, and 3.4, an appropriate volume resistivity can be obtained and a more useful charging It shows the characteristics.

Example 5 Below, the characteristics as a transfer charger were investigated.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber was melted and kneaded with 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon, and a stainless steel shaft of φ8 x 260 mm was passed through the center and formed into a size of φ30 x 240 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a roller shape transfer charging member was provided. Ta.

The volume resistance of this transfer charging member was determined at a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60°C.
% environment, it is 4XlO'Ω·cm.

Next, 0.5 parts by weight of sodium terephthalate and 30 parts by weight of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer were added to 10 parts by weight of ammonia water.
The resin layer was dissolved in 0 parts by weight and applied to -L of the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member by dip coating, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of OOum was provided to produce a roller-shaped transfer charging member.

This transfer charging member was installed in place of the transfer corona charger of a normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and a direct current of -500 cm was applied for transfer charging, and the state of the image and the transfer charging member was examined. .

The results are shown in Table 2.

Further, the image and the state of the transfer charging member when the transfer charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and 10% humidity were investigated and are shown in Table 2.

Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 1 part by weight of zinc malonate and 20 parts by weight of casein were dissolved in 100 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member described in 1iiiI, and the film thickness after drying], OOsr, A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing m resin layers.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 2 parts by weight of zinc maleate and 20 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 80 parts by weight of pure water, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 1.
A resin layer of 0.0011 m was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and shown in Table 1.

Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 05 parts by weight of sodium acetate and 20 parts by weight of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer were dissolved in 100 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 1100 μm. A roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer of.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 10 parts by weight of copolymerized (6-66-10-1,2) nylon was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 10
A 0 μm resin layer was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 5, a layer of conductive elastic T' as a transfer charging member was prepared.

Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon 6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol,
dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member;
After drying, an FBI oil layer with a film thickness of 1100 L1 was provided, and a roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured by WA.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 8 parts by weight of Tuboran 121 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol in polyester polyol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. A resin layer having a thickness of 1100 μm after drying was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 10 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene, and the solution was applied by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 10,074 m was provided, and the roller shape was transferred. A charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Examples 5, 6, and 7.8 and Comparative Example 5.6, the present invention can maintain high image quality without causing a decrease in density or wavy fog even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 5, 6, and 7.8 and Comparative Example 7.8, in the present invention, the transfer charging member does not fuse with the photoreceptor, nor does it fuse with the toner, so defects may occur in the photoreceptor or charging member. Can be used without generation.

Example 9 Below, we investigated its characteristics as a static eliminator.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight part and place it on a 2mm x 260mm stainless steel plate with a free length of 10mm x 240mm as shown in Figure 3.
mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a blade-shaped charging member was provided. When the volume resistivity of this static electricity removal charging member is measured in an environment of temperature 22°C and humidity 60%, it is 4 x 10'.
It is Ωcm.

Next, 1 part by weight of sodium terephthalate salt and ethylene-
20 parts by weight of acrylic acid copolymer was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 1 OOum was provided, and a blade-shaped static neutralizing layer was formed. A charging member was manufactured. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

This charge-eliminating member was installed in place of the pre-exposure charge eliminator of the normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 1000 V was applied for charge removal, and the residual potential after charge removal, the image, and the charge removal charge were applied. The condition of the parts used was examined.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Furthermore, we investigated the volume resistance of the resin layer of the static-eliminating charging member under low-temperature, low-humidity conditions of 15°C and 10% humidity, the image when this static-eliminating charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine, and the state of the static-eliminating charging member. The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 1 part by weight of calcium maleate salt and 30 parts by weight of ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, the film thickness was A resin layer of 100 μm was provided to produce a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 2 parts by weight of sodium benzoate and 30 parts by weight of casein were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of aqueous ammonia, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the static elimination/charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 1.
A resin layer of 100 μm was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Example 12 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 1 part by weight of sodium malonate and 20 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 100 parts by weight of pure water, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the static electricity removal/charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 10011 m. A blade-shaped static eliminator charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9, and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

The static elimination/charging member was used as it was without providing a resin layer. This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 10 Similarly to Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon-6 (methoxymethylation ratio 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static electricity removal charging member, and after drying, the film was coated. [A resin layer of 100 Ium was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 8 parts by weight of Tuboran 121 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol in polyester polyol, and the solution was dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static elimination charging member. After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 1100 μm was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 2 Static electricity was removed by pre-exposure without using the charging member for charge removal of the present invention, and the results were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9, and the results are shown in Table 3.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 9, 10, 11.12 and Comparative Example 9.11, the present invention prevents fusion between the charging member and the photoreceptor and prevents the occurrence of image defects in the form of horizontal stripes. .

Moreover, as can be seen by comparing Examples 9, 10, 11.12 and Comparative Example 10, stable static elimination performance was exhibited even under low temperature and low humidity, and image defects can be suppressed in Forest Science 4 of the present invention.

In Comparative Example 12, the static elimination performance of the conventional pre-exposure type static elimination was low, and residual potential was likely to remain at low temperature and low humidity, causing soil burr defects.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above results, by using the charging member of the present invention, the 41 adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor is low and it is flexible, so it is possible to provide high quality images. , toner stains are also minimal. Stable potential characteristics, especially under low temperature and low humidity conditions.
Image characteristics are obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are sectional views in the central axis direction of a roller-shaped charging member, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a blade-shaped charging member, and FIGS. 4, 5, and 6F are sectional views of an electrophotographic device. It is. 1a: Conductive support 1b: Conductive sheet metal 2 = conductive elastic layer 3: Resin layer 4: Protective layer 5: Resin powder 6: Charging member 7: Image exposure means 8; Development means 9; Transfer charging corona Charger lO; cleaning means 11; pre-exposure means 12; electrophotographic photoreceptor 14; -corona charger 15 for secondary charging; charging member 16 for transfer charging; charging member for static elimination charging. Agent Patent Attorney Seki Taira Yamashita Figure 1 Figure 4 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 117

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, the charging member comprising a resin layer containing a carboxylic acid salt on the conductive elastic layer. (2) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the charging member contacts an electrophotographic photoreceptor to charge the photoreceptor. (3) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is primarily charged by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage as applied voltages. (4) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the developer is transferred from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to the transfer member by using a DC voltage as the applied voltage or by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage. (5) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is neutralized using an alternating current voltage as the applied voltage.