JP2966896B2 - Charging member - Google Patents

Charging member

Info

Publication number
JP2966896B2
JP2966896B2 JP17620690A JP17620690A JP2966896B2 JP 2966896 B2 JP2966896 B2 JP 2966896B2 JP 17620690 A JP17620690 A JP 17620690A JP 17620690 A JP17620690 A JP 17620690A JP 2966896 B2 JP2966896 B2 JP 2966896B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
charging member
charging
resin
layer
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP17620690A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0467067A (en
Inventor
信之 葉波
淳一 岸
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Priority to JP17620690A priority Critical patent/JP2966896B2/en
Publication of JPH0467067A publication Critical patent/JPH0467067A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2966896B2 publication Critical patent/JP2966896B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] 本発明は帯電用部材に関し、特には電子写真法におけ
る1次帯電用、転写帯電用、除電帯電用に用いられる帯
電用部材に関する。
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a charging member, and more particularly to a charging member used for primary charging, transfer charging, and charge removal in electrophotography.

[従来の技術] 電子写真感光体を用いた電子写真プロセスにおける帯
電プロセスは、従来より殆ど金属ワイヤーに高電圧(DC
5〜8kV)を印加し発生するコロナにより帯電を行なって
いる。しかし、この方法ではコロナ発生時にオゾンやNO
x等のコロナ生成物により感光体表面を変質させ画像ボ
ケや劣化を進行させたり、ワイヤーの汚れが画像品質に
影響し、画像白抜けや黒スジを生じる等の問題があっ
た。一方、電力的にも感光体に向う電流は、その5〜30
%にすぎず、殆どがシールド播に流れ帯電手段としては
効果の悪いものであった。
[Prior art] The charging process in an electrophotographic process using an electrophotographic photoreceptor has been performed by applying a high voltage (DC) to a metal wire.
(5-8 kV) is applied and charging is performed by the corona generated. However, in this method, ozone and NO
There have been problems such as deterioration of the surface of the photoreceptor due to corona products such as x, causing image blurring and deterioration, and contamination of the wire affecting image quality, resulting in image white spots and black stripes. On the other hand, the electric current directed to the photoreceptor is 5 to 30
%, Most of which flowed into the shield seeding and was ineffective as a charging means.

こうした欠点を補うために直接帯電させる方法が研究
され多数提案されている(特開昭57−178267号公報、特
開昭56−104351号公報、特開昭58−40566号公報、特開
昭58−139156号公報、特開昭58−150975号公報等)。し
かし実際には感光体を上記のような接触帯電法により帯
電処理しても感光体表面の各部均一な帯電はなされず、
斑点状帯電ムラを生じる。例えば反転現像方式では、そ
の斑点状帯電ムラ状態の感光体に光像露光以下のプロセ
スを適用しても出力画像は斑点状帯電ムラに対応した斑
点状の黒点画像となり、正規現像方式では斑点状ムラに
対して斑点状の白点画像となり高品位な画像を得られて
いない。
In order to compensate for such disadvantages, direct charging methods have been studied and many proposals have been made (JP-A-57-178267, JP-A-56-104351, JP-A-58-40566, JP-A-58-40566). -139156, JP-A-58-150975, etc.). However, even if the photoconductor is charged by the contact charging method as described above, each portion of the photoconductor surface is not uniformly charged,
Spot-like uneven charging occurs. For example, in the reversal development method, even if a process of light image exposure or less is applied to the photosensitive member in the spot-like uneven charging state, the output image becomes a spot-like black spot image corresponding to the spot-like charging unevenness, and the regular developing method uses the spot-like black spot image. The image becomes a spot-like white spot image with respect to unevenness, and a high-quality image cannot be obtained.

また直接帯電方法は、多数の提案があるにもかかわら
ず、市場実績が少ない。その理由として帯電の均一性、
直接電圧を印加することによる感光体の放電絶縁破壊等
の発生が挙げられる。放電絶縁破壊による1つの破壊点
は、例えば円筒状感光体の場合、軸方向全体の帯電がそ
の破壊点に流れ帯電しなくなる欠点があった。
In addition, the direct charging method has little market record despite many proposals. The reasons are the uniformity of charging,
The occurrence of discharge breakdown of the photoreceptor due to the direct application of a voltage can be cited. One breakdown point due to discharge breakdown, for example, in the case of a cylindrical photosensitive member, has a drawback that charging in the entire axial direction flows to the breakdown point and the charge is no longer charged.

[発明が解決しようとする課題] この絶縁破壊を防止するために表面に樹脂層を形成さ
せる方法も報告されている(特開平1−205180、特開平
1−211779)。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] A method of forming a resin layer on the surface in order to prevent the dielectric breakdown has also been reported (JP-A-1-205180, JP-A1-211779).

しかし、これらの材料も低温低湿下での抵抗の変動が
大きく、帯電性が不安定であったり、有機感光体と接触
させて用いると、有機感光体と帯電用部材の表面同士の
樹脂が相溶化し、固着してしまうなどの欠陥を持ってい
た。
However, these materials also have large fluctuations in resistance under low temperature and low humidity, and have unstable charging properties. When used in contact with an organic photoconductor, the resin on the surface of the organic photoconductor and the resin on the surface of the charging member are incompatible. It had defects such as melting and sticking.

従って、本発明の目的は、上述の如き欠点を解決し帯
電の不均一による斑点状かぶり、感光体の放電絶縁破壊
による画像欠陥等の発生のない高品位の画像を安定して
供給できる帯電用部材を提供することにある。
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide a spot-like fog due to non-uniform charging, and to stably supply a high-quality image free from image defects and the like due to discharge breakdown of a photoconductor. It is to provide a member.

[課題を解決するための手段] すなわち、本発明は導電性支持体上に導電性弾性層を
持つ帯電用部材において、前記導電性弾性層上に脂肪酸
変性アルキド樹脂を含有する樹脂層を有することを特徴
とする帯電用部材である。
[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, wherein the conductive elastic layer has a resin layer containing a fatty acid-modified alkyd resin on the conductive elastic layer. It is a charging member characterized by the following.

以下、本発明を更に詳しく説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

本発明の帯電用部材は、第1図に示すように導電性支
持体1a上に導電性弾性層2が設けられ、更に弾性層2上
に、アルキド樹脂を含有する樹脂層3が設けられた3層
構成をとることを基本形態としている。
In the charging member of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on a conductive support 1a, and a resin layer 3 containing an alkyd resin is further provided on the elastic layer 2. The basic mode is a three-layer configuration.

アルキド樹脂は多価アルコールと多塩基酸との縮合反
応によって得られる合成樹脂で、材料とする多価アルコ
ールと多塩基酸、さらに変性剤により、数多くの種類が
ある。
The alkyd resin is a synthetic resin obtained by a condensation reaction between a polyhydric alcohol and a polybasic acid. There are many types of alkyd resins depending on the polyhydric alcohol and the polybasic acid used as the materials and the modifier.

本発明において用いられるアルキド樹脂は、酸素転化
性を有する脂肪酸変性アルキド樹脂である。これは空気
中の酸素と反応して不融不溶の段階に転化する性質を持
っており、塗料として使用されているものである。
The alkyd resin used in the present invention is a fatty acid-modified alkyd resin having oxygen conversion properties. It has the property of reacting with oxygen in the air to convert it to an infusible and insoluble stage, and is used as a paint.

酸素との反応速度を速めるために触媒が用いられる
が、これはたとえば、オクチル酸塩、ナフテン酸コバル
トなど、鉛、亜鉛、コバルト、マンガン、ジルコニウム
などの金属塩触媒が用いられる。
A catalyst is used to increase the rate of reaction with oxygen. For example, a metal salt catalyst such as lead, zinc, cobalt, manganese, or zirconium such as octylate or cobalt naphthenate is used.

アルキド樹脂の具体例としては、ヒマシ油変成したア
ルキド樹脂(商品名:ベッコゾール1308、大日本インキ
化学製),あまに油変成したアルキド樹脂(商品名:ベ
ッコゾール1344、大日本インキ化学製,商品名:アラキ
ード5001、荒川化学製)トール油変成したアルキド樹脂
(商品名:アラキード1465−60荒川化学製)などがあ
る。
Specific examples of the alkyd resin include castor oil-modified alkyd resin (trade name: Beccosol 1308, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) and linseed oil-modified alkyd resin (tradename: Beccosol 1344, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, trade name) : Arachid 5001, Arakawa Chemical) There is alkyd resin (trade name: Arakid 1465-60 Arakawa Chemical) modified with tall oil.

さらに樹脂層にはバインダー樹脂を添加しても良い。
但しバインダー樹脂の添加量は総樹脂に対し、30重量%
以下が好ましい。樹脂層におけるバインダー樹脂として
は、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレ
ート等のアクリル樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビ
ニルアセタール、ポリアリレート、ポリカーボネート、
フェノキシ樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルピリジン
などを挙げることができる。
Further, a binder resin may be added to the resin layer.
However, the amount of binder resin added is 30% by weight based on the total resin.
The following is preferred. As a binder resin in the resin layer, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylic resin such as polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyarylate, polycarbonate,
Phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyridine and the like can be mentioned.

従来の帯電用部材は表面がゴムやポリウレタンで構成
されていたため、電子写真感光体と接触しておくと感光
体と帯電用部材が固着したり、硬い表面であるとしわが
発生したりして、画像欠陥を生じていた。
Since the conventional charging member has a surface made of rubber or polyurethane, if the electrophotographic photoreceptor is kept in contact, the photoreceptor and the charging member are fixed, or a hard surface is wrinkled, Image defects occurred.

これに対し、本発明のアルキド樹脂を含有する樹脂層
を持つ帯電部材は電子写真感光体との付着性が少なく、
かつ柔軟性もあるので高画質の画像を与え、トナー汚れ
も少なく、低温低湿下でも樹脂層の体積抵抗の変動が少
なく、安定した帯電用部材として用いることができる。
On the other hand, the charging member having the resin layer containing the alkyd resin of the present invention has low adhesion to the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
In addition, since the resin layer is flexible, a high-quality image can be obtained, toner contamination is small, and the volume resistance of the resin layer does not fluctuate even at low temperature and low humidity, so that it can be used as a stable charging member.

樹脂層の膜厚は5〜500μm、特に20〜200μmの範囲
が好ましい。
The thickness of the resin layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 500 μm, particularly preferably 20 to 200 μm.

樹脂層の体積抵抗率は106〜1012Ω・cmの範囲が好ま
しい。また特願昭62−230334号公報に示されるように樹
脂層の体積抵抗率は樹脂層に接する下層の導電性弾性層
の体積抵抗率より大きいことが好ましい。弾性層の体積
抵抗としては100〜1011Ω・cm、特に102〜1010Ω・cmの
範囲が好ましい。弾性層2としてはアルミニウム、鉄、
銅等の金属、ポリアセチレン、ポリピロール、ポリチオ
フエン等の導電性高分子、カーボン、金属等を分散させ
て導電性処理したゴムやプラスチックエラストマー、ゴ
ムまたはプロスチックエラストマーの表面を金属や他の
導電性物質によってラミネートコートしたものなどを用
いることができる。また、この弾性層2は必要に応じて
機能分離したような多層構成であってもよい。導電性支
持体1aとしては、鉄、銅、ステンレスなどを用いること
ができる。
The volume resistivity of the resin layer is preferably in the range of 10 6 to 10 12 Ω · cm. Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-230334, the volume resistivity of the resin layer is preferably larger than the volume resistivity of the lower conductive elastic layer in contact with the resin layer. 10 0 to 10 11 Omega is a volume resistivity of the elastic layer · cm, preferably in the range of particularly 10 2 ~10 10 Ω · cm. Aluminum, iron,
Metals such as copper, conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, rubber and plastic elastomers in which carbon and metal, etc. are dispersed and conductively treated, the surface of rubber or plastic elastomer is made of metal or other conductive material. Laminated ones can be used. Further, the elastic layer 2 may have a multilayer structure in which functions are separated as necessary. Iron, copper, stainless steel, or the like can be used as the conductive support 1a.

さらに、第2図のような帯電用部材の表面に帯電用部
材を保護するために保護層4を設けても良い。この保護
層は樹脂層で形成され、内部に導電性を制御するために
導電粒子や帯電用部材の表面粗さを制御するために不溶
性の樹脂粉体5を混合しても良い。
Further, a protective layer 4 may be provided on the surface of the charging member as shown in FIG. 2 to protect the charging member. This protective layer is formed of a resin layer, and may be mixed with conductive particles therein to control conductivity and insoluble resin powder 5 to control surface roughness of the charging member.

第3図のようにブレード形状帯電用部材の場合、導電
性板金1bの上に導電性弾性層2を設け、さらに樹脂層3
を設ける。
In the case of a blade-shaped charging member as shown in FIG. 3, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on a conductive sheet metal 1b, and a resin layer 3
Is provided.

また、保護層を設けても良い。 Further, a protective layer may be provided.

帯電用部材の形状は、ローラー形状やブレード形状な
どいずれでもよいが、均一帯電の点ではローラー形状が
好ましい。
The shape of the charging member may be any of a roller shape and a blade shape, but is preferably a roller shape in terms of uniform charging.

電子写真感光体は、導電性支持体上に感光層を設けた
構成を基本としている。導電性支持体としては、支持体
自体が導電性をもつもの、例えばアルミニウム、アルミ
ニウム合金、ステンレス、クロム、チタンなどを用いる
ことができ、そのほかにアルミニウム、アルミニウム合
金、酸化インジウム−酸化錫合金などを真空蒸着によっ
て被膜形成された層を有する前記導電性支持体やプラス
チック、導電性粒子(例えばカーボンブラック、酸化錫
粒子など)を適当なバインダーとともにプラスチックや
紙に含浸した支持体、導電性バインダーを有するプラス
チックなどを用いることができる。
The electrophotographic photoreceptor is based on a configuration in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support. As the conductive support, a support having conductivity itself, for example, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, stainless steel, chromium, titanium, or the like can be used.In addition, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, an indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, or the like can be used. A conductive support having a layer formed by vacuum deposition, plastic, a support in which conductive particles (eg, carbon black, tin oxide particles, etc.) are impregnated with a suitable binder into plastic or paper, and a conductive binder. Plastic or the like can be used.

導電性支持体と感光層の中間に、バリヤー機能と接着
機能をもつ下引層を設けることもできる。下引層はカゼ
イン、ポリビニルアルコール、ニトロセルロース、エチ
レン−アクリル酸コポリマー、ポリアミド、ポリウレタ
ン、ゼラチン、酸化アルミニウムなどによって形成でき
る。下引層の膜厚は5μm以下、好ましくは0.5〜3μ
mが適当である。下引層はその機能を発揮するために
は、107Ω・cm以上であることが望ましい。
An undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function may be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer can be formed of casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is 5 μm or less, preferably 0.5 to 3 μm.
m is appropriate. The undercoat layer preferably has a resistivity of 10 7 Ω · cm or more in order to exhibit its function.

感光層はたとえば、有機光導電体、アモルファスシリ
コン、セレンなどの光導電体を必要に応じて結着剤と共
に塗料化して塗布形成または真空蒸着によって形成され
る。また、有機光導電体を用いる場合、露光により負荷
担体を発生する電荷発生層と発生した電荷担体を輸送す
る能力を持つ電荷輸送層との向き合わせからなる感光層
も有効に用いることができる。
The photosensitive layer is formed, for example, by coating a photoconductor such as an organic photoconductor, amorphous silicon, or selenium with a binder as necessary, and then forming the coating or vacuum deposition. When an organic photoconductor is used, a photosensitive layer comprising a charge generation layer that generates a load carrier by exposure and a charge transport layer capable of transporting the generated charge carrier can be effectively used.

電荷発生層は、アゾ顔料、キノン顔料、キノンアニン
顔料、ペリレン顔料、インジゴ顔料、ビスベンゾイミダ
ゾール顔料、フタロシアニン顔料、キナクドリン顔料な
どの電荷発生材料の1種類あるいは2種類以上を蒸着す
るか、または適当なバインダーと共に(バインダーが無
くても可)分散し塗工によって形成できる。
The charge generation layer is formed by depositing one or more kinds of charge generation materials such as azo pigments, quinone pigments, quinone anine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacdrine pigments, or It can be formed by dispersing together with a binder (even without a binder) and coating.

バインダーは広範囲な絶縁性樹脂または有機光導電性
ポリマーから選択できる。たとえば絶縁性樹脂としては
ポリビニルブチラール、ポリアリレート(ビスフェノー
ルAとフタル酸の縮重合体等)、ポリカーボネート、ポ
リエステル、フェノキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリアク
リルアミド樹脂、ポリアミド、セルロース系樹脂、ウレ
タン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコ
ールなどをあげることができる。また、有機光導電性ポ
リマーとしては、カルバゾール、ポリビニルアントラセ
ン、ポリビニルピレンなどが挙げられる。
The binder can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins or organic photoconductive polymers. For example, as the insulating resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (polycondensate of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, Casein, polyvinyl alcohol and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the organic photoconductive polymer include carbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, and polyvinyl pyrene.

電荷発生層の膜厚は0.01〜15μm、好ましくは0.05〜
5μmであり、電荷発生層と結着剤との重量比は10:1〜
1:20である。
The thickness of the charge generation layer is 0.01 to 15 μm, preferably 0.05 to
5 μm, and the weight ratio between the charge generation layer and the binder is 10: 1 to
1:20.

電荷発生層用塗料に用いる溶剤は、使用する樹脂や電
荷輸送材料の溶解性や分散安定性から選択されるが、有
機溶剤としてはアルコール類、スルホキシド類、エーテ
ル類、エステル類、脂肪族ハロゲン化炭化水素類あるい
は芳香族化合物などを用いることができる。
The solvent used for the coating for the charge generation layer is selected from the solubility and dispersion stability of the resin and the charge transporting material used. As the organic solvent, alcohols, sulfoxides, ethers, esters, and aliphatic halides are used. Hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds can be used.

塗工は、浸漬コーティング法、スプレーコーティング
法、ワイヤーバーコーティング法、ブレードコーティン
グ法などのコーティング法を用いて行なうことができ
る。
Coating can be performed using a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a wire bar coating method, and a blade coating method.

電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送材料を成膜性のある樹脂に溶
解させて形成される。本発明に用いられる有機の電荷輸
送材料の例としては、ヒドラゾン系化合物、スチルベン
系化合物、ピラゾリン系化合物、オキサゾール系化合
物、チアゾール系化合物、トリアリールメタン系化合物
などが挙げられる。これらの電荷輸送物質は1種または
2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。
The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving a charge transport material in a film-forming resin. Examples of the organic charge transporting material used in the present invention include hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, and triarylmethane compounds. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

電荷輸送層に用いる結着剤の例としては、フェノキシ
樹脂、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルブチラール、ポ
リアリレート、ポリスルホン、ポリアミド、アクリル樹
脂、アクリロニトリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、塩化ビニ
ル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹
脂、ポリエステル、アルキド樹脂、ポリカーボネート、
ポリウレタンあるいはこれらの樹脂の繰返し単位のうち
2つ以上を含む共重合体、たとえばスチレン−ブタジエ
ンコポリマー、スチレン−アクリロニトルコポリマー、
スチレン−マレイン酸コポリマーなどを挙げることがで
きる。また、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニ
ルアントラセン、ポリビニルピレンなどの有機光導電性
ポリマーからも選択できる。
Examples of the binder used for the charge transport layer include phenoxy resin, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyamide, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenolic resin, epoxy Resin, polyester, alkyd resin, polycarbonate,
Polyurethanes or copolymers containing two or more of the repeating units of these resins, such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile polymers,
Styrene-maleic acid copolymer and the like can be mentioned. In addition, organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and polyvinylpyrene can be selected.

電荷輸送層の膜厚は5〜50μm、好ましくは8〜20μ
mであり、電荷輸送物質と結着剤との重量比は5:1〜1:
5、好ましくは3:1〜1:3程度である。塗工は前述のよう
なコーティング法を行なうことができる。
The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 50 μm, preferably 8 to 20 μm.
m, and the weight ratio of the charge transport material to the binder is 5: 1 to 1:
5, preferably about 3: 1 to 1: 3. The coating can be performed by the coating method as described above.

さらに、色素、顔料、有機電荷輸送物質などは、一般
に紫外線、オゾン、オイルなどによる汚れ、金属などに
弱いため必要に応じて保護層を設けてもよい。この保護
層上に静電潜像を形成するためには表面抵抗率が1011Ω
以上であることが望ましい。
Furthermore, since dyes, pigments, organic charge transporting substances, and the like are generally vulnerable to contamination by ultraviolet rays, ozone, oil, and the like, metals, and the like, a protective layer may be provided as necessary. To form an electrostatic latent image on this protective layer, the surface resistivity must be 10 11 Ω
It is desirable that it is above.

感光体の保護層はポリビニルブチラール、ポリエステ
ル、ポリカーボネート、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹
脂、ナイロン、ポリイミド、ポリアリレート、ポリウレ
タン、スチレン−ブタジエンコポリマー、スチレン−ア
クリル酸コポリマー、スチレン−アクリロニトリルコポ
リマーなどの樹脂を適当な有機溶剤によって溶解した液
を感光層の上に塗布、乾燥して形成できる。この際、保
護層の膜厚は、一般に0.05〜20μmの範囲である。この
保護層中に紫外線吸収剤などを含ませてもよい。
The protective layer of the photoconductor is made of a resin such as polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, nylon, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. A solution dissolved by a solvent can be formed on the photosensitive layer by coating and drying. At this time, the thickness of the protective layer is generally in the range of 0.05 to 20 μm. The protective layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like.

本発明の帯電用部材は、例えば第4図に示すような電
子写真装置に適用することができる。この装置は、電子
写真感光体12の周面上に一次帯電用部材6、像露光手段
7、現像手段8、転写帯電用コロナ帯電器9、クリーニ
ング手段10、前露光手段11が配置されている。
The charging member of the present invention can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging member 6, an image exposure unit 7, a developing unit 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, a cleaning unit 10, and a pre-exposure unit 11 are arranged on a peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member 12. .

電子写真感光体12上に接触配置されている一次帯電用
部材6に、外部より電圧(例えば200V以上2000V以下の
直流電圧とピーク間電圧4000V以下の交流電圧を重畳し
た脈流電圧)を印加し、電子写真感光体12表面を帯電さ
せ、像露光手段7によって原稿上の画像を感光体に像露
光し静電潜像を形成する。次に現像手段8中の現像剤を
感光体に付着させることにより、感光体上の静電潜像を
現像(可視像化)し、さらに感光体上の現像剤を転写帯
電用コロナ帯電器9によって紙などの被転写部材13に転
写し、クリーニング手段10によって転写時に紙に転写さ
れずに感光体上に残った現像剤を回収する。
A voltage (for example, a pulsating voltage in which a DC voltage of 200 V or more and 2000 V or less and an AC voltage of 4000 V or less between peaks are superimposed) is externally applied to the primary charging member 6 which is arranged in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 12. Then, the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 12 is charged, and the image on the original is image-exposed to the photosensitive member by the image exposure means 7 to form an electrostatic latent image. Next, the electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor is developed (visualized) by adhering the developer in the developing means 8 to the photoconductor, and the developer on the photoconductor is transferred to a corona charger for charging. The developer is transferred to a transfer member 13 such as paper by 9, and the developer remaining on the photoconductor without being transferred to the paper at the time of transfer by the cleaning unit 10 is collected.

このような電子写真プロセスによって画像を形成する
ことができるが、感光体に残留電荷が残るような場合に
は、一次帯電を行なう前に前露光手段11によって感光体
に光を当て残留電荷を除電したほうがよい。
An image can be formed by such an electrophotographic process, but if residual charges remain on the photoconductor, light is applied to the photoconductor by the pre-exposure means 11 before primary charging to remove the residual charges. You had better.

本発明の帯電用部材を転写帯電に用いる場合、例えば
第5図に示すような電子写真装置に適用することができ
る。この装置は、電子写真感光体12の周面上に一次帯電
用コロナ帯電器14、像露光手段7、現像手段8、転写帯
電用帯電部材15、クリーニング手段10、前露光手段11が
配置されている。
When the charging member of the present invention is used for transfer charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging corona charger 14, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a transfer charging member 15, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member 12. I have.

電子写真感光体12上に接触配置されている転写帯電用
帯電部材15に電圧(例えば直流電圧400〜1000V)の印加
し電子写真感光体上の現像剤を紙などの被転写部材に転
写することができる。
A voltage (for example, a DC voltage of 400 to 1000 V) is applied to the charging member 15 for transfer charging, which is arranged in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 12, and the developer on the electrophotographic photosensitive member is transferred to a transfer member such as paper. Can be.

本発明の帯電用部材を除電帯電に用いる場合、例えば
第6図に示すような電子写真装置に適用することができ
る。この装置は、電子写真感光体12の周面上に一次帯電
用コロナ帯電器14、像露光手段7、現像手段8、転写帯
電用コロナ帯電器9、クリーニング手段10が配置されて
いる。
When the charging member of the present invention is used for static elimination charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging corona charger 14, an image exposure unit 7, a developing unit 8, a transfer charging corona charger 9, and a cleaning unit 10 are arranged on a peripheral surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member 12.

電子写真感光体12上に接触配置されている除電帯電用
帯電部材16に電圧(例えば交流ピーク間電圧500〜2000
V)を印加し電子写真感光体上の電荷を除電することが
できる。、化学的安定性の点で劣化しやすい、有機光導
電体を含有する感光層を有する電子写真感光体に適用す
ることにより、その特性を顕著に発揮することができ
る。
A voltage (for example, an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 500 to 2000) is applied to the charging member 16 for discharging and charging, which is disposed in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 12.
V) can be applied to eliminate charges on the electrophotographic photosensitive member. By applying the present invention to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductor, which tends to deteriorate in terms of chemical stability, the characteristics can be remarkably exhibited.

本発明における感光体に接触させる帯電用部材の設置
については特定の方法に限らず、帯電用部材は固定方
式、感光体と同方向または逆方向で回転等の移動方式の
いずれの方式を用いることもできる。さらに帯電用部材
に感光体上の現像剤クリーニング装置として機能させる
ことも可能である。
The installation of the charging member to be brought into contact with the photoreceptor in the present invention is not limited to a specific method, and the charging member may use any of a fixed system and a moving system such as rotation in the same direction as the photoconductor or in the opposite direction. Can also. Further, it is also possible for the charging member to function as a developer cleaning device on the photosensitive member.

本発明の直接帯電における帯電用部材への印加電圧、
印加方法に関しては、各々の電子写真装置の仕様にもよ
るが瞬時に所望する電圧を印加する方式の他にも感光体
の保護の目的で段階的に印加電圧を上げて行く方式、直
流に交流を重畳させた形で印加の場合ならば直流交流
または交流直流の順序で電圧を印加する方式をとるこ
とができる。
Applied voltage to the charging member in the direct charging of the present invention,
Regarding the application method, depending on the specifications of each electrophotographic apparatus, in addition to the method of applying the desired voltage instantaneously, the method of gradually increasing the applied voltage for the purpose of protecting the photoreceptor, the method of applying DC to AC Can be applied in the order of DC AC or AC DC in the case of superimposing.

本発明の帯電用部材を電子写真装置の一次帯電に用い
る場合、画像出力領域の電子写真感光体に対して直流電
圧と交流電圧を重畳することが必要である。
When the charging member of the present invention is used for primary charging of an electrophotographic apparatus, it is necessary to superimpose a DC voltage and an AC voltage on an electrophotographic photosensitive member in an image output area.

一次帯電を直流電圧のみで印加した場合、均一に帯電
することができない。
When primary charging is applied only with a DC voltage, uniform charging cannot be performed.

転写帯電に用いる場合、直流電圧のみでも直流電圧と
交流電圧を重畳しても良い。
When used for transfer charging, a DC voltage alone or a DC voltage and an AC voltage may be superimposed.

除電帯電に用いる場合、交流電圧のみを印加すること
が必要である。
When used for static elimination charging, it is necessary to apply only an AC voltage.

また、本発明においては、画像露光、現像およびクリ
ーニング等のプロセスは静電写真の分野に公知の任意の
方式を採用することができ現像剤の種類など特定のもの
に限定されるものではない。本発明の帯電用部材は複写
機だけでなく、レザープリンターやCRTプリンター、フ
ァックス、電子写真式製版システムおよびリモート端末
からの画像情報を受信する受信手段を有するファクシミ
リなどの電子写真応用分野にも用いることができる。
In the present invention, the processes such as image exposure, development, and cleaning can employ any method known in the field of electrostatography, and are not limited to a specific type such as a type of developer. The charging member of the present invention is used not only in copying machines but also in electrophotographic application fields such as facsimile machines having a receiving means for receiving image information from a laser printer, a CRT printer, a facsimile, an electrophotographic plate making system and a remote terminal. be able to.

[実施例] 以下、本発明を実施例により説明する。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples.

実施例1 導電性支持体として、肉厚0.5mmで60φ×260mmのアル
ミニウムシリンダーを用意した。
Example 1 An aluminum cylinder having a thickness of 0.5 mm and a diameter of 60 mm × 260 mm was prepared as a conductive support.

共重合ナイロン(商品名:CM8000、東レ(株)製)4
部およびタイプ8ナイロン(商品名:ラッカマイド500
3、大日本インキ(株)製)4部をメタノール50部、n
−ブタノール50部に溶解し、上記支持体上に浸漬塗布し
て0.5μm厚の下引き層を形成した。
Copolymer nylon (trade name: CM8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) 4
Part and type 8 nylon (trade name: Lacamide 500
3, Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.) 4 parts methanol 50 parts, n
-Dissolved in 50 parts of butanol and dip-coated on the support to form an undercoat layer having a thickness of 0.5 µm.

下記構造式のジスアゾ顔料を10部、 及びポリビニルブチラール樹脂(商品名:エスレックBM
2、積水化学(株)製)10部を、シクロヘキサノン120部
と共にサンドミル装置で10時間分散した。分散液にメチ
ルエチルケトン30部を加えて上記下引き層上に塗布し、
0.15μm厚の電荷発生層を形成した。
10 parts of disazo pigment of the following structural formula, And polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: Eslec BM
2, Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 10 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed in a sand mill for 10 hours. Add 30 parts of methyl ethyl ketone to the dispersion and apply on the undercoat layer,
A charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm was formed.

重量平均分子量12万のポリカーボネートZ樹脂(三菱
瓦斯化学(株)製)10部を用意し、下記構造式のヒドラ
ゾン化合物 10部と共にモノクロルベンゼン80部に溶解した。これを
上記電荷発生層上に塗布して、16μm厚の電荷輸送層を
形成し、電子写真感光体No.1を製造した。
Prepare 10 parts of polycarbonate Z resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a weight average molecular weight of 120,000, and prepare a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula. It was dissolved in 80 parts of monochlorobenzene together with 10 parts. This was applied on the charge generation layer to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 16 μm, thereby producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member No. 1.

次にクロロプレンゴム100重量部に導電性カーボン5
重量部を熔融混練し、導電性支持体として中心にφ8×
260mmのステンレス軸を通してφ20×240mmになるように
成型し、ローラ形状帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を設け
た。
Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead parts by weight, φ8 ×
It was formed into a diameter of 20 × 240 mm through a stainless steel shaft of 260 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a roller-shaped charging member was provided.

この帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の体積抵抗を、温度22
℃、湿度60%の環境で測ると3×104Ω・cmである。
The volume resistance of the conductive elastic layer of the charging member is set to 22
It is 3 × 10 4 Ω · cm when measured in an environment of 60 ° C. and 60% humidity.

次にヒマシ油変性アルキド樹脂(商品名:ベッコゾー
ル1308、大日本インキ化学製)10重量部及びナフテン酸
コバルト0.1重量部をトルエン90重量部に溶解し、 前記帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工し、乾
燥後膜厚200μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状帯電用
部材を製造した。アルミシート上に同様にして樹脂層を
設け、体積抵抗を測定した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of a castor oil-modified alkyd resin (trade name: Veccosol 1308, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) and 0.1 part by weight of cobalt naphthenate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene. After drying, a 200 μm-thick resin layer was provided after drying to produce a roller-shaped charging member. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet, and the volume resistance was measured.

この帯電用部材を第3図のように正規像方式複写機PC
−20(キヤノン製)の一次コロナ帯電器の代わりに取り
付け、電子写真感光体と従動回転させ、一次帯電電圧は
直流電圧−750Vと交流ピーク間電圧1500Vの重畳を行な
い、電子写真感光体の暗電位と明電位の電位測定及び画
像を検討した。
As shown in FIG. 3, this charging member is connected to a regular image copying machine PC.
-20 (manufactured by Canon) In place of the primary corona charger, it is driven to rotate with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and the primary charging voltage is a superposition of DC voltage -750V and AC peak-to-peak voltage 1500V. The potential measurement of potential and light potential and the image were studied.

結果を表1に示した。 The results are shown in Table 1.

さらに、温度15℃、湿度10%の低温低湿状態で帯電用
部材の樹脂層の体積抵抗とこの帯電用部材を正規像方式
複写機に取り付けた時の電位特性と画像を同様に検討し
表1に示した。
Further, the volume resistance of the resin layer of the charging member, the potential characteristics when the charging member was attached to a normal image type copying machine, and the image in a low-temperature and low-humidity state at a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 10% were similarly examined. It was shown to.

実施例2 実施例1と同様に帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用意し
た。
Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared.

次にあまに油変性アルキド樹脂(商品名:ベッコゾー
ル1344、大日本インキ化学製)10重量部及びオクチル酸
鉛0.1重量部をキシレン90重量部に溶解し、 前記帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の畳に浸漬塗工し、乾
燥後膜厚200μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状帯電用
部材を製造した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of an oil-modified alkyd resin (trade name: Veccosol 1344, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) and 0.1 part by weight of lead octylate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of xylene to form a conductive elastic layer of the charging member. The tatami mat was dip-coated, and after drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 200 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

これを実施例1と同様に評価し、表1に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and shown in Table 1.

比較例1 実施例1と同様に帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用意し
た。
Comparative Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared.

次にナイロン6−66−10−12 10重量部をメタノール
90重量部に溶解し、 前記帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工し、乾
燥後膜厚200μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状帯電用
部材を製造した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of nylon 6-66-10-12
After dissolving in 90 parts by weight, dip coating was performed on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 200 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

これを実施例1と同様に評価し、表1に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and shown in Table 1.

比較例2 実施例1と同様に帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用意し
た。
Comparative Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

次にメトキシメチル化ナイロン6(メトキシ化率25
%)10重量部をメタノール90重量部に溶解し、 前記帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工し、乾
燥後膜厚200μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状帯電用
部材を製造した。
Next, methoxymethylated nylon 6 (methoxylation rate 25
%) 10 parts by weight were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and provided with a 200 μm-thick resin layer after drying to produce a roller-shaped charging member. .

これを実施例1と同様に評価し、表1に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and shown in Table 1.

比較例3 実施例1と同様に帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用意し
た。
Comparative Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, a conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared.

次にポリエステルポリオール(商品名ニッポラン121
日本ポリウレタン製)8重量部及びトルイレンジイソシ
アネート2重量部をn−ブタノール90重量部に溶解し、 前記帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工し、乾
燥後膜厚200μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状帯電用
部材を製造した。
Next, polyester polyol (trade name Nipporan 121)
8 parts by weight of Nippon Polyurethane) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and dried to form a resin layer having a thickness of 200 μm. Was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

これを実施例1と同様に評価し、表1に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and shown in Table 1.

比較例4 実施例1と同様に帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用意し
た。
Comparative Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

次にシリコンRTVゴム10重量部及びトルエン90重量部
に溶解し、 前記帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工し、乾
燥後膜厚200μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状帯電用
部材を製造した。
Next, it is dissolved in 10 parts by weight of silicon RTV rubber and 90 parts by weight of toluene, is applied by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 200 μm is provided. Was manufactured.

これを実施例1と同様に評価し、表1に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and shown in Table 1.

実施例1,2と比較例1,2を比較してわかるように低温低
湿時の樹脂層の硬質化により起る波状カブリの画像欠陥
の発生を本発明では防止できる。
As can be seen by comparing Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the present invention can prevent the occurrence of image defects of wavy fog caused by hardening of the resin layer at low temperature and low humidity.

また、実施例1,2と比較例3,4を比較してわかるように
帯電部材と感光体との融着を防止し、横スジ画像の発生
を抑えることができる。
Further, as can be seen by comparing Examples 1 and 2 with Comparative Examples 3 and 4, it is possible to prevent fusion between the charging member and the photosensitive member and suppress the occurrence of a horizontal streak image.

比較例3のようなポリウレタン樹脂層では体積抵抗が
高いが、実施例1,2のようにアルキド樹脂では、適切な
体積抵抗が得られ、より有効な帯電特性を示している。
Although the polyurethane resin layer as in Comparative Example 3 has a high volume resistance, the alkyd resins as in Examples 1 and 2 provide an appropriate volume resistance and exhibit more effective charging characteristics.

実施例3 以下、転写帯電器としての特性を調べた。Example 3 Hereinafter, characteristics as a transfer charger were examined.

実施例1と同様にして感光体を作製した。 A photoconductor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

次に、クロロプレンゴム100重量部に導電性カーボン
5重量部を熔融混練し、中心にφ8×260mmのステンレ
ス軸を通してφ30×240mmになるように成型し、ローラ
ー形状転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を設けた。
Next, 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber is melt-kneaded with 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon, and the center is molded through a stainless steel shaft of φ8 × 260 mm to form φ30 × 240 mm. Was provided.

この転写帯電用部材の体積抵抗を温度22℃、湿度60%
の環境で測ると4×104Ω・cmである。
The volume resistance of this transfer charging member was set at 22 ° C and 60% humidity.
It is 4 × 10 4 Ω · cm when measured in the environment.

次にヒマシ油変性アルキド樹脂(商品名:ベッコゾー
ル1308、大日本インキ化学製)10重量部及びナフテン酸
コバルト0.1重量部をトルエン90重量部に溶解し、前記
転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工し、乾燥
後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状転写帯電
用部材を製造した。アルミシート上に同様に樹脂層を設
け、 この転写帯電用部材を正規像方式複写機PC−20(キヤ
ノン製)の転写コロナ帯電器の代わりに取り付け、転写
帯電は直流−500Vを印加し、画像及び転写帯電用部材の
状態を検討した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of a castor oil-modified alkyd resin (trade name: Beccosol 1308, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) and 0.1 part by weight of cobalt naphthenate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene to form a conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. After dip coating, a resin layer having a film thickness of 100 μm was provided after drying, and a roller-shaped transfer charging member was manufactured. Similarly, a resin layer is provided on an aluminum sheet, and this transfer charging member is attached in place of the transfer corona charger of the regular image type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon). And the state of the transfer charging member was examined.

結果を表2に示した。 The results are shown in Table 2.

さらに、温度15℃、湿度10%の低温低湿状態で転写帯
電用部材を正現像方式複写機に取り付けた時の画像と転
写帯電用部材の状態を検討し表2に示した。
Further, Table 2 shows the image and the state of the transfer charging member when the transfer charging member was attached to a positive development type copying machine at a low temperature and low humidity of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 10%.

実施例4 実施例3と同様に転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 3, a conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared.

次にあまに油変性アルキド樹脂(商品名:ベッコゾー
ル1344、大日本インキ化学製)10重量部及びオクチル酸
鉛0.1重量部をキシレン90重量部に溶解し、 前記転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工
し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状
転写帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of an oil-modified alkyd resin (trade name: Becsol 1344, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) and 0.1 part by weight of lead octylate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of xylene, and the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member is dissolved. Was coated with a dip, and after drying, a resin layer having a film thickness of 100 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped transfer charging member.

これを実施例3と同様に評価し、表2に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3, and is shown in Table 2.

比較例5 実施例3と同様に転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Comparative Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 3, a conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared.

次にナイロン−6−66−10−12 10重量部をメタノー
ル90重量部に溶解し、 前記転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工
し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状
転写帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of nylon-6-66-10-12 are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and dip coating is performed on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 100 μm is formed. And a roller-shaped transfer charging member was manufactured.

これを実施例3と同様に評価し、表2に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3, and is shown in Table 2.

比較例6 実施例3と同様に転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Comparative Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 3, a conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared.

次にメトキシメチル化ナイロン−6 10重量部をメタ
ノール90重量部に溶解し、 前記転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工
し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状
転写帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon-6 was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and was applied by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 100 μm was provided. A member for shape transfer charging was manufactured.

これを実施例3と同様に評価し、表2に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3, and is shown in Table 2.

比較例7 実施例3と同様に転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Comparative Example 7 In the same manner as in Example 3, a conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared.

次にポリエステルポリオール(商品名ニッポラン12
1、日本ポリウレタン製)8重量部及びトルイレンジイ
ソシアネート2重量部をn−ブタノール90重量部に溶解
し、前記転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工
し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラー形状
転写帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, polyester polyol (trade name Nipporan 12)
1, 1 part by Nippon Polyurethane) 8 parts by weight and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and dried to a film thickness of 100 μm. To form a roller-shaped transfer charging member.

これを実施例3と同様に評価し、表2に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3, and is shown in Table 2.

比較例8 実施例3と同様に転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Comparative Example 8 In the same manner as in Example 3, a conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared.

次にシリコンRTVゴム10重量部及びトルエン90重量部
に溶解し、前記転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸
漬塗工し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ローラ
ー形状転写帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, it is dissolved in 10 parts by weight of silicon RTV rubber and 90 parts by weight of toluene, and is applied by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 100 μm is provided. The members for manufacture were manufactured.

これを実施例3と同様に評価し、表2に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3, and is shown in Table 2.

実施例3,4と比較例5,6よりわかるように本発明では低
温低湿下でも濃度低下や波状カブリを起さず、高画質を
維持できる。
As can be seen from Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6, according to the present invention, high image quality can be maintained without lowering of density or wavy fog even under low temperature and low humidity.

さらに実施例3,4と比較例7,8よりわかるように本発明
では転写帯電部材が感光体と融着せず、またトナーとも
融着しないため、感光体や帯電部材に欠陥を発生せずに
用いることができる。
Further, as can be seen from Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, in the present invention, the transfer charging member does not fuse with the photoconductor and also does not fuse with the toner, so that no defect occurs in the photoconductor and the charging member. Can be used.

実施例5 以下、除電帯電器としての特性を調べた。Example 5 Hereinafter, characteristics as a static eliminator were examined.

実施例1と同様にして感光体を作製した。 A photoconductor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

次にクロロプレンゴム100重量部に導電性カーボン5
重量部を熔融混練し、中心に2mm×260mmのステンレス板
の上に図3のように自由長10mm×240mmになるように成
型し、ブレード形状帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を設け
た。この除電帯電用部材の体積抵抗を温度22℃、湿度60
%の環境で測ると4×104Ω・cmである。
Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
A part by weight was melt-kneaded and molded on a 2 mm × 260 mm stainless plate at the center so as to have a free length of 10 mm × 240 mm as shown in FIG. 3 to provide a conductive elastic layer of a blade-shaped charging member. The volume resistance of the charge removing member is set to a temperature of 22 ° C and a humidity of 60.
It is 4 × 10 4 Ω · cm when measured in a% environment.

次にヒマシ油変性アルキド樹脂(商品名:ベッコゾー
ル1308、大日本インキ化学製)10重量部及びナフテン酸
コバルト0.1重量部をトルエン90重量部に溶解し、前記
転写帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工し、乾燥
後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ブレード形状除電帯電
用部材を製造した。アルミシート上に同様に樹脂層を設
け、体積抵抗を測定した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of a castor oil-modified alkyd resin (trade name: Beccosol 1308, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) and 0.1 part by weight of cobalt naphthenate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene to form a conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member. After dip coating, dried and then provided with a resin layer having a thickness of 100 μm, a blade-shaped member for static elimination and charging was manufactured. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet, and the volume resistance was measured.

この除電帯電用部材を正現像方式複写機PC−20(キヤ
ノン製)の前露光除電器の代わりに取り付け、除電帯電
は交流ピーク間電圧1000Vを印加し、除電後の残留電
位、画像及び除電帯電用部材の状態を検討した。
This static elimination charging member is installed in place of the pre-exposure static eliminator of the positive development type copier PC-20 (manufactured by Canon). For static elimination, an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 1000 V is applied. The state of the members for use was examined.

結果を表3に示した。 The results are shown in Table 3.

さらに、温度15℃、湿度10%の低温低湿状態で除電帯
電用部材の樹脂層の体積抵抗とこの除電帯電用部材を正
現像方式複写機に取り付けた時の画像と除電帯電用部材
の状態を検討し表3に示した。
Furthermore, the volume resistance of the resin layer of the charge-eliminating member in a low-temperature and low-humidity state at a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 10%, and the image and the state of the charge-eliminating member when the charge-eliminating member is attached to the positive development type copying machine The results are shown in Table 3.

実施例6 実施例5と同様に除電帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 5, a conductive elastic layer of a member for discharging and charging was prepared.

次にあまに油変性アルキド樹脂(商品名:ベッコゾー
ル1344、大日本インキ化学製)10重量部及びオクチル酸
鉛0.1重量部をキシレン90重量部に溶解し、 前記除電帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工
し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ブレード形状
除電帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of an oil-modified alkyd resin (trade name: Veccosol 1344, manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) and 0.1 part by weight of lead octylate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of xylene, and the conductive elastic layer of the charge removing member is discharged. After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 100 μm was provided after drying to produce a blade-shaped member for static elimination and charging.

これを実施例5と同様に評価し、表3に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5, and is shown in Table 3.

比較例9 実施例5と同様に除電帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Comparative Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 5, a conductive elastic layer of a member for discharging and charging was prepared.

前記除電帯電用部材を樹脂層を設けずにそのまま用い
た。
The charge removing member was used without providing a resin layer.

これを実施例5と同様に評価し、表3に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5, and is shown in Table 3.

比較例10 実施例5と同様に除電帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Comparative Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 5, a conductive elastic layer of a member for discharging and charging was prepared.

次にメトキシメチル化ナイロン−6 10重量部をメタ
ノール90重量部に溶解し、 前記除電帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工
し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ブレード形状
除電帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon-6 was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the resultant was applied by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the charge removing member. After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 100 μm was provided. A member for shape neutralization and charging was manufactured.

これを実施例5と同様に評価し、表3に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5, and is shown in Table 3.

比較例11 実施例5と同様に除電帯電用部材の導電性弾性層を用
意した。
Comparative Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 5, a conductive elastic layer of a member for discharging and charging was prepared.

次にポリエステルポリオール(ニッポラン121、日本
ポリウレタン製)8重量部及びトルイレンジイソシアネ
ート2重量部をn−ブタノール90重量部に溶解し、 前記除電帯電用部材の導電性弾性層の上に浸漬塗工
し、乾燥後膜厚100μmの樹脂層を設け、ブレード形状
除電帯電用部材を製造した。
Next, 8 parts by weight of a polyester polyol (Nipporan 121, manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, and dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the member for static elimination and charging. After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 100 μm was provided to produce a blade-shaped member for static elimination and charging.

これを実施例5と同様に評価し、表3に示した。 This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5, and is shown in Table 3.

比較例12 本発明の除電帯電用部材を用いずに前露光で除電を行
ない、これを実施例5と同様に評価し、表3に示した。
Comparative Example 12 The static elimination was carried out by pre-exposure without using the static elimination charging member of the present invention, and this was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5. Table 3 shows the results.

実施例5,6と比較例10,11,12を比較してわかるように
本発明では残留電位をおさえ、地カブリ、液状カブリの
発生を防止できる。
As can be seen by comparing Examples 5 and 6 with Comparative Examples 10, 11, and 12, the present invention can suppress the residual potential and prevent the occurrence of ground fog and liquid fog.

また、実施例5,6と比較例9,11を比較してわかるよう
に帯電部と感光体との融着を防止し、横スジ欠陥画像の
発生を抑えることができる。
Further, as can be seen by comparing Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 9 and 11, it is possible to prevent fusion between the charging unit and the photoconductor, and suppress the occurrence of a horizontal stripe defect image.

[発明の効果] 以上の結果より明らかなように、本発明の帯電用部材
を用いることにより、電子写真感光体との付着性が低
く、かつ柔軟性もあるので高画質の画像を与え、トナー
汚れも少ない。特に低温低湿下でも安定した電位特性、
画像特性が得られる。
[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above results, the use of the charging member of the present invention gives a high quality image because of low adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor and high flexibility. Less dirt. Especially stable potential characteristics even under low temperature and low humidity,
Image characteristics are obtained.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

第1図、第2図はローラー形状帯電用部材の中心軸方向
断面図、 第3図はブレード形状帯電用部材の断面図、 第4図、第5図、第6図は電子写真装置の断面図であ
る。 1a:導電性支持体、1b:導電性板金、 2:導電性弾性層、3:樹脂層、 4:保護層、5:樹脂粉体、 6:帯電用部材、7:像露光手段、 8:現像手段、 9:転写帯電用コロナ帯電器、 10:クリーニング手段、11:前露光手段、 12:電子写真感光体、 14:一次帯電用コロナ帯電器、 15:転写帯電用帯電部材、 16:除電帯電用帯電部材。
1 and 2 are cross-sectional views in the direction of the central axis of a roller-shaped charging member, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a blade-shaped charging member, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. FIG. 1a: conductive support, 1b: conductive sheet metal, 2: conductive elastic layer, 3: resin layer, 4: protective layer, 5: resin powder, 6: charging member, 7: image exposure means, 8: Developing means, 9: corona charger for transfer charging, 10: cleaning means, 11: pre-exposure means, 12: electrophotographic photoreceptor, 14: corona charger for primary charging, 15: charging member for transfer charging, 16: charge elimination Charging member for charging.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) G03G 15/02 G03G 15/16 G03G 21/06 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 6 , DB name) G03G 15/02 G03G 15/16 G03G 21/06

Claims (5)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】導電性支持体上に導電性弾性層を持つ帯電
用部材において、前記導電性弾性層上に脂肪酸変性アル
キド樹脂を含有する樹脂層を有することを特徴とする帯
電用部材。
1. A charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, comprising a resin layer containing a fatty acid-modified alkyd resin on the conductive elastic layer.
【請求項2】電子写真感光体と接触して該感光体を帯電
する請求項1記載の帯電用部材。
2. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein said charging member contacts said electrophotographic photosensitive member and charges said photosensitive member.
【請求項3】直流電圧と交流電圧を重畳した電圧を印加
されることによって電子写真感光体を1次帯電する請求
項2記載の帯電用部材。
3. The charging member according to claim 2, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member is primarily charged by applying a voltage obtained by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage.
【請求項4】直流電圧または直流電圧と交流電圧を重畳
した電圧を印加されることによって電子写真感光体から
現像剤を被転写部材に転写する請求項1記載の帯電用部
材。
4. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the developer is transferred from the electrophotographic photosensitive member to the member to be transferred by applying a DC voltage or a voltage obtained by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage.
【請求項5】交流電圧を印加されることによって電子写
真感光体を除電する請求項1記載の帯電用部材。
5. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein said electrophotographic photosensitive member is neutralized by applying an AC voltage.
JP17620690A 1990-07-05 1990-07-05 Charging member Expired - Fee Related JP2966896B2 (en)

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JP2966896B2 true JP2966896B2 (en) 1999-10-25

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JP6554806B2 (en) * 2015-02-05 2019-08-07 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Conductive member, charging device, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and method of manufacturing conductive member

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