JPH0467068A - Electrifying member - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow the stable supply of high-grade images by providing a resin layer contg. a resin having a thiophene compd. as a constituting unit on a conductive elastic layer. CONSTITUTION:The basic form of this member is to adopt the three-layered constitution consisting in providing the conductive elastic layer 2 on a conductive base 1 and providing the resin layer 3 contg. the resin having the thiophene compd. of formula I as the constitutional unit on the elastic layer 2. In the formula, R1 and R2 are a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, alkoxy group or amino group. The electrifying member having the resin layer contg. the thiophene compd. of the formula I as the constitutional unit has the low adhesiveness to an electrophotographic sensitive body and has resilience as well. The images having high quality are obtd. in this way and the contamination with toners is lessened. The fluctuation in the volumetric resistance of the resin layer is lessend even at and under a low temp. and low humidity. The member is thus usable as the stable electrifying member.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a charging member, and particularly to a charging member used for primary charging, transfer charging, and static elimination charging in electrophotography.

[Prior Art] The charging process in an electrophotographic process using an electrophotographic photoreceptor has conventionally applied a high voltage (DC) to a metal wire.
5 to 8 kV) is applied, and charging is performed by the generated corona. However, with this method, when corona occurs, corona products such as ozone and NOx alter the surface of the photoreceptor, causing image blurring and deterioration, and dirt on the wire affects image quality, resulting in white spots and black lines in the image. There were problems such as the occurrence of On the other hand, in terms of electric power, the current flowing toward the photoreceptor is
The amount was only ~30%, and most of it flowed to the shield plate, making it ineffective as a charging means.

In order to compensate for these drawbacks, many methods of direct charging have been researched and proposed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 178-267-1982, No. 104-351-1983, No. 4-4 of 1983)
0566, JP-A-58-139156, JP-A-58-150975, etc.). However, in reality, even if the photoreceptor is charged by the contact charging method as described above, the surface of the photoreceptor is not uniformly charged at each part, and uneven charging occurs. For example, in the reversal development method, even if a process below photoimage exposure is applied to a photoconductor with spotty charging unevenness, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness, whereas in the regular development method, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness. In contrast to the unevenness, the image becomes a speckled white dot image, making it impossible to obtain a high-quality image.

Further, although there are many proposals for the direct charging method, there is no market experience at all. The reason for this is the uniformity of charging,
Examples of such problems include the occurrence of discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor due to direct voltage application. For example, in the case of a cylindrical photoreceptor, one breakdown point due to discharge dielectric breakdown has the disadvantage that the entire charge in the axial direction flows to the breakdown point and is no longer charged.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to prevent this dielectric breakdown, a method of forming a resin layer on the surface has also been reported (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-205180, Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-211779).6 However, these materials also There is a large variation in resistance under low temperature and low humidity conditions (if the charging property is unstable, or if it is used in contact with an organic photoreceptor, the resin on the surfaces of the organic photoreceptor and the charging member may become compatibilized and stick together). It had defects such as:

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a charging system that can solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and stably provide high-quality images without causing spot fog due to non-uniform charging or image defects due to discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor. The objective is to provide members for use in the field.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, in which three layers formed by the following general formula (1) are formed on the conductive elastic layer. The basic form is to take a composition.

Examples of such resins include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(wherein R1 and R2 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group) This is a charging member.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

The charging member of the present invention has a conductive elastic layer 2 provided on a conductive support la as shown in FIG. Further, a binder resin may be added to the resin layer 3 containing the following.

However, the amount of binder resin added is preferably 30% by weight or less based on the total resin. Examples of the binder resin in the resin layer include acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyarylate, polycarbonate, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinylpyridine.

Conventional charging members had surfaces made of rubber or polyurethane, so if they came into contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the photoreceptor and charging member could stick together, or wrinkles could occur if the surface was hard. , resulting in image defects.

On the other hand, the charging member of the present invention having a resin layer containing a resin having a thiophene compound of general formula (1) as a constituent unit has low adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor (and also has low flexibility). Because of this, it gives high-quality images and has less toner stains (
, the resin layer exhibits little variation in volume resistivity even under low temperature and low humidity conditions (and can be used as a stable charging member).

The thickness of the resin layer is 5 to 500 μm, particularly 20 to 200 μm.
A range of m is preferred.

As the elastic layer 2, metals such as aluminum, iron, and copper, conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, and rubber or plastic elastomer treated to be conductive by dispersing carbon, metal, etc., or the surface of rubber or plastic elastomer may be used. A laminate coated with metal or other conductive material can be used.

Moreover, this elastic layer 2 may have a multilayer structure with separate functions as required. As the conductive support 1a,
Iron, copper, stainless steel, etc. can be used.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a protective layer 4 may be provided on the surface of the charging member to protect the charging member. This protective layer is formed of a resin layer, and insoluble resin powder 5 may be mixed therein to control the conductivity and the surface roughness of the charging member.

In the case of a blade-shaped charging member as shown in FIG. 3, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on the conductive sheet metal 1b, and a resin layer 3
will be established.

Further, a protective layer may be provided.

The charging member may have any shape such as a roller shape or a blade shape, but a roller shape is preferable in terms of uniform charging.

Electrophotographic photoreceptors basically have a structure in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support. As the conductive support, materials that are conductive themselves such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, chromium, titanium, etc. can be used. In addition, aluminum, aluminum alloy, indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, etc. can be used. The conductive support or plastic has a layer formed by vacuum deposition, a support in which plastic or paper is impregnated with conductive particles (e.g. carbon black, tin oxide particles, etc.) together with a suitable binder, or a conductive binder. Plastic or the like can be used.

A subbing layer having barrier and adhesive functions can also be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.

The subbing layer can be formed from casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably 5 μm or less, preferably 0.5 to 3 μm. In order for the undercoat layer to perform its function, it is desirable that the undercoat layer has a resistance of 10 7 Ω·CI or more.

The photosensitive layer is formed, for example, by coating a photoconductor such as an organic photoconductor, amorphous silicon, selenium, etc. together with a binder if necessary, or by vacuum deposition. Furthermore, when using an organic photoconductor, a photosensitive layer consisting of a combination of a charge generation layer that generates charge carriers upon exposure to light and a charge transport layer that has the ability to transport the generated charge carriers can also be effectively used.

The charge generating layer may be formed by depositing one or more charge generating materials such as azo pigments, quinone pigments, quinone anine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bisbenzimidazole pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridine pigments, or by depositing a suitable material. It can be dispersed with a binder (or without a binder) and formed by coating.

The binder can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins or organic photoconductive polymers. For example, insulating resins include polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, Examples include casein and polyvinyl alcohol. Further, examples of the organic photoconductive polymer include carbazole, polyvinylanthracene, polyvinylpyrene, and the like.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is 0. I) 1 to 15 μm, preferably 0.05 to 5 μm, and the weight ratio of charge generation layer to binder is 111 to 1:20.

The solvent used in the paint for the charge generation layer is selected based on the solubility and dispersion stability of the resin and charge transport material used, and examples of organic solvents include alcohols, sulfoxides, ethers, esters, and aliphatic halogenated solvents. Hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds can be used.

Coating can be performed using a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a Mayer bar coating method, or a blade coating method.

The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving a charge transport material in a film-forming resin. Examples of organic charge transport materials used in the present invention include hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds,
Examples include thiazole compounds and triarylmethane compounds. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of binders used in the charge transport layer include phenoxy resin, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyamide, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenolic resin, and epoxy. resin,
Polyesters, alkyd resins, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, or copolymers containing two or more repeating units of these resins, such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitol copolymers, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, etc. I can do it. It can also be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and polyvinylpyrene.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 50 μm, preferably 8 to 20 μm.
μm, and the weight ratio of charge transport material and binder is 5:1
~1:5, preferably 3:l ~ 1:3 degree. The coating method described above can be used for coating.

Furthermore, dyes, pigments, organic charge transport substances, and the like are generally susceptible to ultraviolet rays, ozone, stains caused by oil, and metals, so a protective layer may be provided as necessary. In order to form an electrostatic latent image on this protective layer, the surface resistivity must be 10Ω.
The above is desirable.

The protective layer of the photoreceptor is made of polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin,
It can be formed by dissolving a resin such as nylon, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, etc. in a suitable organic solvent on the photosensitive layer and drying it. . At this time, the thickness of the protective layer is generally in the range of 0.05 to 20 μm.

This protective layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like.

The charging member of the present invention can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging member 6, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. .

The primary charging member 6 placed in contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor 12 is applied with an external voltage (for example, 200 μm or more
A pulsating current voltage (which is a superimposition of a DC voltage of V or less and an AC voltage of a peak-to-peak voltage of 4000 V or less) is applied to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
2, the surface of the document is charged, and the image on the document is image-exposed onto the photoreceptor by the image exposure means 7 to form an electrostatic latent image. Next, by attaching the developer in the developing means 8 to the photoreceptor, the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor is developed (visualized), and the developer on the photoreceptor is transferred to a corona charger for transfer charging. 9 transfers the developer onto a transfer member 13 such as paper, and a cleaning means 10 collects the developer remaining on the photoreceptor without being transferred to the paper during transfer.

Although an image can be formed by such an electrophotographic process, if residual charges remain on the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor is exposed to light by the pre-exposure means 11 to remove the residual charges before the next charging. It is better to eliminate static electricity.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for transfer charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a charging member 15 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. There is.

A voltage (for example, a DC voltage of 400 to 100 O
V) can be applied to transfer the developer on the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a transfer member such as paper.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for static electricity removal charging, for example,
It can be applied to an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, and a cleaning means 10 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12.

A voltage (for example, an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 500 to 500
2000V) can be applied to remove the electric charge on the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

By applying the charging member of the present invention to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductor, which easily deteriorates in terms of mechanical strength and chemical stability, its characteristics can be clearly exhibited. can do.

In the present invention, the method for installing the charging member in contact with the photoreceptor is not limited to a specific method.
Any method of movement such as rotation in the same direction as the photoreceptor or in the opposite direction can be used. Furthermore, it is also possible to cause the charging member to function as a developer cleaning device on the photoreceptor.

Regarding the voltage applied to the charging member and the application method in the direct charging of the present invention, it depends on the specifications of each electrophotographic device, but in addition to the method of instantly applying the desired voltage, there are also methods for protecting the photoreceptor. A method can be adopted in which the applied voltage is increased stepwise, or in the case of applying a superimposed alternating current on direct current, a method can be adopted in which the voltage is applied in the order of direct current → alternating current or alternating current → direct current.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for primary charging of an electrophotographic device, it is necessary to superimpose a DC voltage and an AC voltage on the electrophotographic photoreceptor in the image output area.

When primary charging is applied only with DC voltage, uniform charging cannot be achieved.

When used for transfer charging, a DC voltage alone or a DC voltage and an AC voltage may be superimposed.

When used for static elimination charging, it is necessary to apply only an alternating current voltage.

Further, in the present invention, processes such as image exposure, development, and cleaning can be performed using any method known in the field of electrostatic photography, and are not limited to a specific type of developer.

The charging member of the present invention can be used not only in copying machines but also in electrophotographic applications such as laser printers, CRT printers, electrophotographic plate-making systems, and facsimile machines having receiving means for receiving image information from remote terminals. can.

[Example] The present invention will be explained below using examples.

Example 1 As a conductive support, 60φ×260 with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm
A mm aluminum cylinder was prepared.

Copolymerized nylon (product name: CM8000, manufactured by Toshi ■)
Part 4 and Type 8 nylon (trade name Niratsukamite 5)
003, manufactured by Dainippon Ink ■) 4 parts with 50 parts of methanol,
It was dissolved in 50 parts of n-butanol and applied on the above support by dip coating to form a 0.6 μm thick undercoat layer.

10 parts of a disazo pigment with the following structural formula, and polyvinyl butyral resin (product name: S-LEC B)
10 parts of M2 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.), 12 parts of cyclohexanone
It was dispersed for 10 hours in a sand mill with 0 parts. 30 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the dispersion and coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.15 μm.

10 parts of polycarbonate Z resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical @) having a weight average molecular weight of 120,000 was prepared and dissolved in 80 parts of monochlorobenzene together with 10 parts of a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula. This was coated on the charge generation layer to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 16 μm, and electrophotographic photoreceptor No. 1 was manufactured.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight parts and form a φ8× center as a conductive support.
φ20X 24 through 260111m stainless steel shaft
It was molded to have a thickness of 0 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a roller-shaped charging member was provided.

The volume resistance of the conductive elastic layer of this charging member is determined at a temperature of 22
When measured in an environment of ℃ and 60% humidity, it is 3XlO'Ω・Cl1l
It is.

Next, 15 g of distilled and purified thiophene and 30 g of tetrabutylammonium verchlorate were dissolved in dehydrated acetonitrile lJ2, the roller provided with the conductive elastic layer was immersed in this, and 101!1ff was added to the outside of the roller.
Cylindrical copper mesh electrodes were immersed at intervals of i. 0.5m with roller as anode and copper mesh shoe as cathode
A current of "A/cm" was applied for 10 minutes, the resulting film was washed with methanol, and after drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.A resin layer was similarly applied on an aluminum sheet. Established.

This charging member is connected to a normal development type copying machine PC as shown in Fig. 3.
It is installed in place of the -20 (manufactured by Canon) corona charger, and is rotated in accordance with the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Potential measurements and images of dark potential and bright potential were examined.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Further, potential characteristics and images when the charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under low temperature and low humidity conditions of 15° C. and 10% humidity were similarly investigated and are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, electrolytic polymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that thiophene in Example 1 was changed to 3-methylthiophene, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was used. Manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, electropolymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that thiophene was changed to 3,4-dimethylthiophene, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a resin layer was formed for roller-shaped charging. The parts were manufactured.

Stiffness was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, electrolytic polymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that thiophene was changed to 3-chlorothiophene, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was used. Manufactured.

The results were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of 6-66-10-12 nylon was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member to form a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm after drying. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon 6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 ffi of methanol and applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, a resin with a thickness of 20 μm was formed. A layer was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

Stiffness was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, polyester polyol (product name: Niraporan 12)
1. 4 parts by weight of Nippon Polyurethane) and 1 part by weight of tolylene diisocyanate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, and the solution is dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member,
After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 20 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 20 JJm was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2, and 3.4 with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the present invention can prevent image defects such as wavy fog caused by hardening of the resin layer at low temperature and low humidity.

Furthermore, as can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2, and 3.4 with Comparative Examples 3 and 4, it is possible to prevent fusion between the charging member and the photoreceptor, and to suppress the occurrence of horizontal streak images.

Example 5 Below, the characteristics as a transfer charger were investigated.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber was melted and kneaded with 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon, and a stainless steel shaft of φ8 x 260 m was passed through the center to form the material into a size of φ30 x 240 mm. An elastic layer was provided.

The volume resistance of this transfer charging member was determined at a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60°C.
% environment, it is 4 x 10'Ω・Cm.

Next, 15g of distilled and purified thiophene and 30g of tetrabutylammonium barchlorate were added to 1! of dehydrated acetonitrile! A roller provided with the conductive elastic layer was immersed therein, and a cylindrical copper mesh electrode was immersed on the outside thereof at a distance of 10 mm. 0.5mA/c+n with roller as anode and copper mesh shoe as cathode
'' was applied for 10 minutes, the resulting film was immersed in methanol, and after drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.A resin layer was similarly provided on an aluminum sheet.

This transfer charging member was installed in place of the transfer corona charger of a normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and a direct current of -500 cm was applied for transfer charging, and the state of the image and the transfer charging member was examined. .

The results are shown in Table 2.

Further, the image and the state of the transfer charging member when the transfer charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and 10% humidity were investigated and are shown in Table 2.

Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, the same electropolymerization as in Example 1 was carried out except that thiophene in Example 5 was changed to 3-methylthiophene, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was used. was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, electrolytic polymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that thiophene was changed to 3,4-dimethylthiophene in Example 5, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided. The parts were manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, electropolymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that thiophene was changed to 3-chlorothiophene in Example 5. After washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was used. Manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of 6-66-10-12 nylon was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided. , a roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon 6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 20 μΩ. A roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer of.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, polyester polyol (product name: Niboran 12
1. (manufactured by Shiromoto Polyurethane) and 1 part by weight of tolylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a film thickness of 20 μm was obtained. A resin layer was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene, and the solution was dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 20 μm was provided, and the roller shape transfer charging was performed. We manufactured parts for this purpose.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Examples 5, 6, 7.8 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6, the present invention can maintain high image quality without causing a decrease in density or wavy fog even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 5, 6, 7.8 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, in the present invention, the transfer charging member does not fuse with the photoconductor, nor does it fuse with the toner, so defects may occur in the photoconductor or charging member. Can be used without generation.

Example 9 Below, we investigated its characteristics as a static eliminator.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight part and place it on a 2mm x 260mm stainless steel plate with a free length of 10mm x 240mm as shown in Figure 3.
mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a blade-shaped charging member was provided. The volume resistivity of this static eliminating charge member was measured at a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60%, and was 4XlO'Ω.
cm.

Next, 15 g of thiophene purified by distillation and 30 g of tetrabutylammonium verchlorate were dissolved in dehydrated acetonitrile at 1° C., and the roller provided with the conductive elastic layer was immersed in the solution, leaving a gap of 10 mm on the outside. The hole was opened and a cylindrical copper mesh electrode was immersed. 0.5 mA/cm2 with the roller as the anode and the copper mesh shoe as the cathode
A current was applied for 10 minutes, and the resulting film was immersed in methanol.
After drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured. A resin layer was similarly provided on the aluminum sheet.

This charge-eliminating member was installed in place of the pre-exposure charge eliminator of the normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 1000 V was applied for charge removal, and the residual potential after charge removal, the image, and the charge removal charge were applied. The condition of the parts used was examined.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Further, the image and the state of the static eliminating charging member when the static eliminating charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and 10% humidity were examined and are shown in Table 3.

Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, electrolytic polymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that thiophene in Example 9 was changed to 3-methylthiophene, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a blade-shaped static eliminating charge member was prepared. was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

The static elimination/charging member was used as it was without providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 610 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member, and after drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 100 μm was provided, and the blade shape was A static elimination charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, add Tuboran 12I to the polyester polyol.

(manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static elimination/charging member to form a resin film with a thickness of 100 μm after drying. A blade-shaped static elimination charging member was manufactured by providing a layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 12 Static electricity was removed by pre-exposure without using the charging member for charge removal of the present invention, and this was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9, and the results are shown in Table 3.

As can be seen by comparing Example 9.10 and Comparative Example 9.11, the present invention prevents fusion between the charging member and the photoreceptor, thereby preventing the occurrence of image defects in the form of horizontal stripes.

Moreover, as can be seen by comparing Examples 9 and 10 with Comparative Example 10, stable static elimination performance was exhibited even under low temperature and low humidity conditions, and the material of the present invention can suppress image defects.

In Comparative Example 12, the static elimination performance of the conventional pre-exposure type static elimination was low (at low temperature and low humidity, residual potential was likely to remain, causing soil burr defects).

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above results, by using the charging member of the present invention, the adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor is low (
Since it is also flexible, it provides high-quality images with less toner stains. In particular, stable potential characteristics and image characteristics can be obtained even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIGS. 1 and 2 are sectional views in the central axis direction of a roller-shaped charging member, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a blade-shaped charging member,
FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6C are cross-sectional views of the electrophotographic apparatus. 1a 4-electroconductive support 1b: conductive sheet metal 2, conductive elastic layer 3: resin layer 4; protective layer 5. Resin powder 6: Charging member 7: Image exposing means 8, developing means 9: Corona charger for transfer charging] O/Cleaning means I: Pre-exposure means 12: Electrophotographic photoreceptor 14 - Corona charger for secondary charging 15: Charging member for transfer charging 16 Charging member for static elimination charging. Agent Patent Attorney Seki Yamashita Figure 1 Figure 1 = g 13

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) In a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, the following general formula (1), ▲mathematical formula, chemical formula, table, etc. are present on the conductive elastic layer▼(1) (in the formula , R_1 and R_2 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group). Element. (2) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the charging member contacts an electrophotographic photoreceptor to charge the photoreceptor. (3) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is primarily charged by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage as applied voltages. (4) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the developer is transferred from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to the transfer member by using a DC voltage as the applied voltage or by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage. (5) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is neutralized using an alternating current voltage as the applied voltage.