JPH0467928B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an opening/closing shutter for a cultivation greenhouse for growing and cultivating plants such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers.

[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In general, greenhouses for cultivating this type of cultivation do not allow outdoor cultivation in cold seasons such as winter, or are designed to allow plants to grow quickly through forced cultivation.
The room is surrounded by a transparent material such as a transparent film or board, so that the room temperature can be maintained higher than the outside temperature. However, conventionally, translucent members are single-layered, so they inevitably lack heat insulation, and as a result, when the outside temperature drops significantly at night, the temperature inside the greenhouse drops significantly, which has a negative impact on plants. Particularly on sunny days, the so-called thermal radiation phenomenon causes indoor heat to pass through translucent materials and dissipate outside, resulting in a significant drop in room temperature. Although it is necessary to raise the indoor temperature, the expense burden for heating is also significant. Therefore, in order to increase heat retention, the transparent material is doubled, but in this case, the sunlight rays are reduced by the square of the light transmittance of the transparent material. In order to irradiate the plants in the greenhouse,
The amount of sunlight could not be allowed to drop significantly, and the dissipation of heat due to radiation phenomena could not be effectively prevented, resulting in still a large amount of heat loss.

Therefore, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-191984, for example, a shutter that can be opened and closed is installed inside a greenhouse surrounded by a light-transmitting member, and during the daytime, the shutter is fully opened and the greenhouse is surrounded by a light-transmitting member. It is proposed that the greenhouse be constructed as a daylight greenhouse that receives sunlight from the transmitted sunlight, and that when the outside air cools down at night and the temperature in the warm air drops, the intermittent shutter is closed to create a double-insulated greenhouse. . By the way, this product is constructed so that adjacent slats can be folded together via hinges, so when opening a fully closed shutter curtain, the first slat moves away from the floor and opens. As a result, the temperature of the intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter and the translucent member is considerably lower than the temperature of the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter in the fully closed state. If there is a temperature difference, cold air will enter from between the open top slat and the floor surface, and this may come into contact with the plants and adversely affect the growth of the plants. Cannot be hired.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention was devised for the purpose of providing an opening/closing shutter for a cultivation greenhouse that can eliminate these drawbacks. A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by a light-transmitting member is equipped with an opening/closing shutter that can be freely opened and closed, thereby converting the cultivation greenhouse into a single-layer greenhouse made of light-transmitting members.
In a cultivation greenhouse configured to be able to switch between a fully closed opening/closing shutter and a double-layered greenhouse made of translucent materials, the opening/closing shutter is connected to guide rails laid on the ceiling and front part of the greenhouse. A plurality of slats that are movable while being guided and stored in a stacked manner in a storage section provided on the back side, an operating chain that connects the adjacent slats in series with a gap, and a guide rail. The opening/closing machine is installed at the corner of the ceiling and the storage area, and operates forcibly transferring the operating chain.
The slats are fed out so as to close all the gaps between the slats by the closing drive of the opening/closing machine, and are stored in the storage unit while sequentially opening the gaps between the slats located on the ceiling on the side of the storage unit by the opening drive of the opening/closing machine. and the slat of the opening/closing shutter is configured to:
It is characterized by having reflective surfaces on both the inner and outer sides.

With this configuration, the present invention prevents the temperature of the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter from changing suddenly when the opening/closing shutter is opened, and also reduces heat loss due to thermal radiation as much as possible. This makes it possible to reduce the

[Example] Next, an example of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In the drawing, 1 is a greenhouse, which is built long in the east-west direction with the gable side facing approximately east-west, and vertical supports 2 on the south (front) side, and vertical supports 2 on the upper end side. A pillar 3 on the north (back) side is tilted so as to be displaced toward the south as the distance increases, and a roof (ceiling) pillar 4 is supported between the upper ends of both pillars 2 and 3 in a slope such that it becomes lower toward the south. A framework has been formed. A greenhouse 1 is formed by extending a translucent resin film 5 over the entire surface of these supports 2, 3, 4 and an auxiliary frame material (not shown) as an outer wall.

On the other hand, 6 is a reflective plate that also serves as a heat insulating material, and the reflective plate 6 has reflective surfaces formed of a member such as aluminum foil on both the front and back sides.
The reflector plate 6 is installed on the north side of the greenhouse so as to be substantially parallel to the north side support column 3, and at a predetermined distance from the north side support column 3, with the front reflective surface facing south. It is installed vertically in the greenhouse and is designed to reflect sunlight and direct the reflected light towards the soil surface of the greenhouse.

Reference numeral 7 denotes an opening/closing shutter that is assembled into the greenhouse, and a guide rail 8 constituting the opening/closing shutter 7 is attached directly to the pillars on both end sides of the greenhouse 1 or integrally through a support frame. There is. In the embodiment, the guide rail 8 is
It is composed of two rail bodies 8a and 8b arranged in parallel on the inside and outside, and on the south side it faces in a vertical direction substantially parallel to the south side support 2, and on the ceiling side it is oriented at a gentler slope than the roof support 4. However, it is laid so that the south side is lower. Furthermore, on the north side, the outer peripheral side rail body 8
a is parallel to the support column 3, and the inner peripheral side rail body 8b
is laid out so that it has a steeper slope than that. On the other hand, the shutter curtain is made up of a plurality of plate-shaped slats 9 made of a heat insulating material such as rigid polyurethane foam made into plates by an appropriate method such as injection or lamination. The slat 9 has reflective surfaces similar to those of the reflective plate 6 formed on its inner and outer surfaces, and running rollers 10 and 11 are disposed on both left and right edges of the slat 9, with discrepancies between the inner and outer surfaces of the slat 9. They are installed in the shape of each. The inner side running rollers 10 and the outer side running rollers 11 are assembled so as to run on the inner circumference side rail body 8b and the outer circumference side rail body 8a, respectively.

On the other hand, 12 is an operating chain attached to the roller shaft 10a of the inner side running roller 10, and the operating chain 12 is arranged such that the edges of the slats 9 that are adjacent to each other face each other with a predetermined gap L between them. The slats 9 are connected continuously. Reference numeral 13 denotes a switch installed at a corner between the ceiling of the guide rail 8 and the storage section, and a drive sprocket 14, which is chain-transmitted to the switch 13, meshes with the operating chain 12. Cage, opening/closing machine 13
The shutter curtain can be opened and closed by forcibly moving the chain of the drive sprocket 14 along with forward and reverse driving of the shutter curtain. That is, in the fully open state, the shutter curtains are stored in a stacked manner on the guide rail 8 of the storage section formed on the north side, but the operating chain 12 is moved to the south side by the closing drive of the opening/closing machine 13. In connection with the transport, the slats 9 are continuously fed out in order from the upper slat 9, and when the leading slat 9 reaches the tip of the guide rail 8, the gap L between the slats is all open, and in this state. If you extend it further,
The gap L between the slats 9 gradually closes from the tip side, and when the gap L between each slat 9 disappears, it becomes fully closed. This condition is detected by a lower limit switch (not shown) and the drive of the opening/closing machine 13 is stopped. It's getting old. Conversely, by driving the switch 13 to open in the opposite direction to the above, the slats 9 are sequentially fed into the storage section on the north side, but in this case, the gap L between the slats 9 is set to The shutter curtain will gradually open from the side located at the side ceiling, and after the gap L is completely opened, the entire shutter curtain will be opened, and the shutter curtain will be fully opened. This is detected by an upper limit switch different from the one described above, and the drive of the opening/closing mechanism 13 is stopped.In this way, the opening/closing shutter 7
It is now possible to control the opening and closing of the

In the figure, reference numeral 15 denotes an airtight sheet provided on the final slat 9, which comes into contact with the reflecting plate 6 when fully closed to ensure airtightness.

In the embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the opening/closing shutter 7 is kept fully open during the day when sunlight is shining, and by doing so, the sunlight is directed through the single layer resin film 5.
It is possible to secure the necessary sunlight by entering the sun extremely efficiently. On the other hand, when the outside temperature drops at night and there is a risk that the indoor temperature will drop abnormally, the opening/closing machine 13 is driven to bring the opening/closing shutter 7 into a fully closed state. By doing this, the greenhouse 1 has an outer translucent film 5.
This creates a double insulation layer with the shutter curtain and the fully closed inner shutter curtain. Moreover, in this case, since the shutter curtain is constructed using slats 9 having reflective surfaces, heat radiation from the greenhouse 1 side is absorbed by the reflective surfaces on both the inside and outside of the fully closed shutter curtain. As a result, the dissipation of heat due to thermal radiation, which is significant especially in sunny weather, is greatly reduced.

As described above, in the present invention, sunlight can efficiently enter the greenhouse during the daytime through the single-layer translucent film that has excellent light transmittance, thereby facilitating the growth of plants. However, in cases where there is a risk that the indoor temperature will drop more than necessary, such as at night, if this condition continues,
By closing the opening/closing shutter 7, heat insulation is achieved by the double layer of the translucent member (film) and the shutter curtain. Furthermore, in this case, the shutter curtain has reflective surfaces on both the inside and outside surfaces, and can effectively reflect thermal radiation there, thus reliably preventing heat dissipation within the greenhouse due to radiation phenomena. I can do it, and I can do it at night,
Even in sunny weather, it is possible to create a greenhouse with extremely excellent heat retention. As a result, it is possible to eliminate problems caused by low temperatures to plants, allowing ideal greenhouse cultivation, and, if heating is used, heating costs can be greatly reduced.

Furthermore, since the shutter curtain is constructed using the slats 9 made of a heat insulating board material with excellent heat insulating properties, the heat insulating performance can be significantly improved.

Furthermore, this opening/closing shutter 7 has an opening/closing machine 13.
By opening the shutter curtain, the operating chain 12 is wound up and the slats 9 are stored in the storage section. The gap L is opened, this gap L successively extends between the front slats 9, and after all the gaps L between adjacent slats 9 are formed, the entire shutter curtain is opened. As a result, the temperature of the intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter 7 and the translucent film 5 is lower than the temperature of the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter 7 in the fully closed state, resulting in a considerable temperature difference. Even if there is a temperature difference, the cold air in the middle room will disperse from the high part of the ceiling and enter the inner room at the beginning of the opening operation when there is a large temperature difference.
This makes it possible to avoid sudden temperature changes in the inner chamber. Then, as the opening progresses, many gaps L are opened, and the opening/closing shutter 7 is fully opened after the temperature difference between the intermediate chamber and the inner chamber has almost disappeared. Therefore, cold air enters from the floor side all at once. Therefore, the influence of cold air on plants can be eliminated as much as possible, and the healthy growth of plants can be ensured.

Furthermore, when carrying out the present invention, the insulation of the gable side of the greenhouse becomes a problem, but since this side often faces east and west, it is less affected by the incidence of sunlight; In this case, by doubling the light-transmitting member, it is possible to improve the heat insulation properties. Of course, it is also possible to separately provide an opening/closing shutter on the surface.

[Operations and Effects] In summary, the present invention is configured as described above, so if the opening/closing shutter is left fully open during the day, sunlight can be filtered out while only the translucent member has excellent light transmittance. Although it is possible to ensure sufficient sunlight entering the greenhouse efficiently and to ensure good plant growth, when the indoor temperature drops, such as at night, the opening/closing shutter must be fully closed. Not only does this provide a double layer of insulation between the translucent member and the opening/closing shutter, but also the fact that both the interior and exterior surfaces of the slats serve as reflective surfaces, It is possible to reliably prevent the dissipation of heat within the greenhouse due to heat radiation, and therefore the heat retention of the greenhouse can be greatly improved, making it possible to achieve ideal greenhouse cultivation, as well as when heating is required. Heating costs can be greatly reduced, productivity is significantly improved, and high-quality products can be harvested in large quantities.

Further, when the opening/closing shutter is opened, it is stored in the storage section while sequentially opening the gaps between the slats located on the ceiling of the storage section. Therefore, ventilation between the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter and the intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter and the translucent member is conducted from the high ceiling side, which has less direct impact on plants. Moreover, the amount of ventilation is small at the beginning of opening, and gradually increases as the opening is continued.As a result, the temperature difference between the inner chamber and the middle chamber is large, and when the cold air from the middle chamber comes into direct contact with Even if there is a possibility that the plant will be adversely affected, the plant can be reliably protected and its healthy growth can be ensured.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the opening/closing shutter for a cultivation greenhouse according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the greenhouse showing the opening/closing shutter fully open, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the greenhouse showing the opening/closing shutter fully open. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the greenhouse showing its closed state, and is a perspective view of a main part of the shutter curtain. In the figure, 1 is a greenhouse, 5 is a translucent film, 7 is an opening/closing shutter, 8 is a guide rail, 9 is a slat, 12 is an operating chain, 13 is an opening/closing machine, and L is a gap.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by translucent members is equipped with an openable shutter that can be opened and closed, and the cultivation greenhouse is divided into a single-layer greenhouse made of translucent members, a fully closed openable shutter, and a translucent shutter. In a cultivation greenhouse configured to be able to be switched to a double-layered greenhouse made of members, the opening/closing shutter is movable while being guided by guide rails laid on the ceiling and front part of the greenhouse, and A plurality of slats stored in a stacked manner in a storage section provided on the side, an operating chain that connects the adjacent slats in a series with a gap, and a corner between the ceiling of the guide rail and the storage section. The slats are fed out to close the gaps between all the slats by the closing drive of the switchgear, and the slats are drawn out to close the gaps between all the slats by the opening drive of the switchgear.
The cultivation method is characterized in that the slats located in the ceiling on the side of the storage section are configured to be accommodated in the storage section while sequentially opening gaps between them, and the slats of the opening/closing shutter have reflective surfaces on both inner and outer surfaces. Opening/closing shutter for greenhouse.