JPH0464640B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a composite colloidal fuel consisting of vegetable charcoal, oil, and water, and a method and apparatus for producing the same. [Prior Art] Since carbonized vegetable matter is a solid with an irregular shape, it is more inconvenient in terms of handling such as transportation and storage than liquid fuel. There is a demand for technology to turn these vegetable carbonates into fluid fuel, and research has begun in various places. As shown in Figure 1, the conventional process for producing composite colloidal fuel (hereinafter referred to as CCOM) consisting of vegetable charcoal, oil, and water is A-system, in which CCOM is produced by dry-pulverizing vegetable charcoal. method, and after grinding the vegetable charcoal using a wet process.
It is broadly divided into B-type methods, which are manufactured by CCOM.
In both cases, a process of pulverizing vegetable charcoal and a process of colloidal mixing with oil are required. For this reason, the time required for manufacturing is long, and the running costs consumed in the entire process are high. [Problems to be solved by the present invention] Screen mills (hammer mills) currently used for coarsely or finely pulverizing vegetable charcoal,
When using a roll mill, vibrating ball mill, mortar, etc., two or three steps are required to produce CCOM, and the particle size of the vegetable charred material cannot be reduced to less than 100 microns.As a result of various studies, the present inventors developed a melting machine ( By improving and improving the product (trade name: Mascolloider), it was discovered that it was possible to finely pulverize vegetable charcoal into particles of 20 microns or less, and at the same time, it was possible to produce colloidal CCOM by mixing oil and water well with the vegetable charcoal. In order to improve and improve the melting machine, we focused on the ability to adjust the clearance to 0.01m/m or less by combining the upper and lower two grinders, which are the heart of the product name Mascolloider, and developed the Berifed Grinder (grinding wheel). By impregnating and polymerizing various polymers into a composite material, we succeeded in creating a completely new material. This polymer composite vitrified grinder (trade name: Grinder) was attached to a mass colloider and tested, and there was no damage even after long hours of operation.Since it was confirmed that the vegetable carbonized material could be finely ground to 20 microns or less, the oil Add equal amount of 20%
A slurry containing the following water and a very small amount of dispersion/stabilizer was put into a melter, the clearance was extremely narrowed to 0.01m/m under the specified conditions, and the rotation was made at 1450 rpm for 1 minute. Since it is continuously discharged, we conducted repeated experiments to use it as a continuous CCOM manufacturing device, and worked to solve problems and make improvements.Finally, while finely pulverizing the vegetable char, we added a predetermined amount of oil. The three parties with water are dispersed and
CCOM in an extremely stable form was continuously obtained via a stabilizer, and when passed through a line mixer, secondary aggregation was prevented and CCOM that remained stable for a long time could be produced. A trial calculation of the running cost of production in comparison with the conventional method revealed that the present invention costs about 400 yen/ton, which means that production can be performed at 1/3 to 1/4 of the conventional method. The ability to continuously manufacture CCOM in one process as in the present invention greatly contributes to improving productivity. [Means for solving the problem] The present invention was developed as a result of many years of test and research to produce a one-step CCOM that simultaneously performs pulverization and colloidalization (fluidization) of vegetable charcoal.
This article relates to a method and apparatus for producing colloidal fuel (CCOM), which is made by adding oil, water, and a very small amount of dispersion/stabilizer to vegetable charcoal, in one step. [Operation] Since CCOM is a Bingham fluid (non-Neatonian) with a yield value, its apparent viscosity depends on the deformation rate or shear force, exhibits thixotropy often seen in dispersion liquids, and is time-dependent. Various factors influence the production of CCOM with good fluidity and stability. The factors are listed as physical properties of vegetable char. Type of dispersion/stabilizer, amount added, and state of addition.
The composition ratio of water in CCOM, in other words, the weight composition ratio of the components that make up CCOM. Manufacturing equipment.
manufacturing process, etc. (1) Unlike coal, vegetable charcoal is porous and can absorb moisture. In addition, although the basic physical properties of coal vary depending on the production area, the charred material produced by carbonizing plants is not greatly affected by the type of plant or carbonization conditions, has a low content of impurities such as sulfur, and has low organic content. It hardly includes. The net carbon content is between 45% and 55%. This means that when used as a fuel, it is not only extremely clean but also easy to crush. Furthermore, when CCOM is produced using a mass colloider filled with Grindel, the particle size and particle size distribution concentrates in the range of 20 to 5 microns, depending on the clearance adjustment. Because the particle size is uniform, the shape of the flame when burning is good,
It was also found that the burner nozzle does not become clogged. (2) The dispersant/stabilizer is CCOM, which is currently commercially available.
All dispersants and stabilizers can be used. Since CCOM contains water in the range of 10 to 20%, there is a great degree of freedom in selecting dispersants and stabilizers. Addition rate is 0.1% of pure CCOM total weight
The preferred addition method is to add the necessary amount of an aqueous solution of the dispersion/stabilizer to the oil in advance and stir well with a homogenizer. Weight composition CCOM consists of four components: vegetable charcoal, oil, water, and a very small amount of dispersion/stabilizer, and the amount of heat and viscosity vary depending on the weight composition ratio. Water adsorbed in the small cavities of porous carbide,
The large pores are filled with oil, and a dispersant is present at the interface between the carbide and the oil. One of the characteristics of CCOM is that it contains 10 to 20% water by weight. This water is what makes production possible in one step. The carbide:oil ratio is preferably in the range of 50:50 or 35:65, and 10-20% water is required based on the weight of the carbide and oil. (4) The manufacturing equipment is characterized by the fact that the melting part of the mass colloider is composited with a polymer, and a mixed slurry consisting of coarsely crushed vegetable charcoal, oil, water, and a very small amount of dispersion/stabilizer is supplied from the inlet. When the coarsely pulverized carbide passes through the melting section, which is continuously fed and adjusted to a predetermined clearance, the coarsely pulverized carbide is finely pulverized while some of the coexisting oil and water enters the carbide and becomes uniform due to the action of the dispersion and stabilizer. CCOM becomes colloidal and flows out from the outlet. When a highly viscous slurry is introduced, the outside of the melting section is held by a heating jacket and can be heated up to 80°C. The manufacturing method involves adjusting the clearance of the melting section to the specified conditions and controlling the particle size and production amount. From the above, the stabilization mechanism when CCOM is manufactured using the manufacturing method and apparatus of the present invention was deduced as follows. That is, carbide is porous and has a large surface area, and most of the exposed surface is covered with polar -OH groups. If there is a water molecule here, the water is −
Attaches preferentially to OH groups. When a polymer or surfactant with a hydrophilic group enters such a system, the surface tension decreases and water begins to cover the carbide. At this time, assuming the adsorption state of the ionic surfactant, the following can be considered. The functional group portion of the carbide adsorbs the hydrophilic group side and directs the hydrophobic group toward the water side, making it thermodynamically unstable and thus becomes a bimolecular adsorbent. Additionally, hydrophobic groups are adsorbed on the surface of the carbide. On the other hand, at the water/oil interface, there are hydrophilic groups on the water side and hydrophobic groups on the oil side. The presence of the ionic surfactant and water on the carbide surface makes the carbide surface electrified. When carbide particles approach each other in this way, the water/oil interface becomes smaller and becomes thermodynamically stable. When the electrostatic repulsion force and the Van der Waals force are balanced, the carbides are protected and become stable. By manufacturing CCOM using the manufacturing method and apparatus of the present invention, it has become possible to produce CCOM that is stable over a long period of time at low running costs. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the CCOM manufacturing process of the present invention,
This will be explained below. The pulverization progresses through impact and shear action, and the impact-type pulverizer uses a screen to sort and discharge bark carbonized material (MC approximately 7%) with a particle size of 5 mesh or less (3.962 μm or less) using centrifugal force and wind power. before and after)
is stored in the tank. On the other hand, 510 kg of A heavy oil enters the mixing tank from inside the oil tank, and 4.43 kg of dispersion/stabilizer and 126 kg of water are each led to the mixing tank from separate pipes. The inside of the mixing tank is stirred at a rotation rate of about 1000/min to 1500/min to homogenize these three components.
The slurry is sent through the slurry tank. The agitator in the slurry tank rotates at a speed of 200 to 500 revolutions per minute, and 316 kg of the above-mentioned bark charcoal is loaded into this slurry tank.
is added gradually, resulting in a homogeneous slurry after a few minutes. The homogeneous slurry is fed by a line homomixer to a first melting machine and then to a finishing melting machine (Mascolloider MKZA10-10 D-1 with an internal grinder). This will be explained below with reference to FIG. Set the clearance of Mascoro Rider D' of the first melter to 0.06 m/m. With the switch OFF, close D-2 and lock D-3. D-
4, set the point where D-6 touches D-5 and D-4 stops moving as the 0 point, and check the clearance again. When you turn on D (device), D-6 will turn on.
It moves at 1450 rpm/min and slurry continuously becomes CCOM and comes out from the discharge port. This is guided again to the finishing melter Mascolloider D ² and the clearance is
When it passes continuously through D ² adjusted to 0.03 m/m, CCOM comes out from the outlet of D ² and accumulates in the storage tank.
From the storage tank, it passes through a line mixer and enters the CCOM storage tank. The particle size of carbide in the obtained CCOM is as follows.

〔Example〕

FIG. 4 shows a drawing of a CCOM manufacturing apparatus with a capacity of 400 kg/hr, and a specific example will be explained in detail. Remaining wood from the forest is taken out from a face-burning carbonization furnace, and the charred material is coarsely crushed using a simple device and then sifted into 5 meshes using a super micron crusher (moisture content at this time is approximately 7%) and transported via pipes. sent to. On the other hand, as a dispersant/stabilizer, Rivolac 400 (purity)
37.4%, manufactured by Lion Yushi KK) 1.85Kg and CMC0.95
Kg, 155 Kg of water, and 466 Kg of A-heavy oil are added to adjust the weight composition, and the oil/water mixture is continuously introduced from the mixing tank by pipe. The composition ratio of the carbide and the oil/water/dispersion/stabilizer mixture is adjusted as follows and stirred to make it uniform. [45% carbide, 55% oil, 15% water, 0.3% dispersion/stabilizer] Slurry mixed with a stirrer is fed into the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention at _P1 . is a Mascolloider MKZB15-50 with a polymer-composite Grindel interior, clearance 0.8m/m, 1450
While rotating at a rotation rate of 100 rpm, it is melted through the grinder and accumulated in the storage tank (600). _Furthermore , the _melting machine (
P ₄
Enter the Homo Mitsuku line mill. This line mixer (homomitsu line mill) opens the diameter to the maximum and adjusts the rotation speed to within 1000 rpm to prevent secondary agglomeration while entering the distribution tank (1000 rpm). The present invention is characterized by passing through and, and the manufacturing method includes ~. The quality test results of the distribution tank were as follows. Carbide 45 Heavy oil A 55 Moisture 15.5% Viscosity 5900CP Specific gravity 1.09 Calorific value 7620Kca/Kg Production 400Kg/hr Volume fraction Vc = 0.22 Vo = 0.61 Vno = 0.17 The results of measuring the particle size distribution of carbides are as follows. It was hot on the street.

[Effects of the present invention]

Grinding carbide using the dry method has health problems for workers, disaster prevention issues, etc., and it is generally difficult to obtain fine particles of carbide despite the high running costs (power consumption). We are moving to a wet method. The present invention has found a solution to the problem of equipment that was considered impossible to grind into particles of 20 microns or less, and a technology that can be combined with oil. The major solution was to make the melting grinder composite with polymer. Furthermore, the present invention is based on the discovery that the pulverization and colloidalization of carbide can be simultaneously performed in one step, whereas the conventional production of colloidal fuel requires two to three steps. Furthermore, the physical properties of the CCOM obtained include no secondary agglomeration, no clogging of the nozzle during combustion, the ability to make the nozzle injection port small, good flame spread, and high combustion efficiency. This confirmed the characteristics of As an example, the estimated cost of crushing plant charcoal using a super micron crusher, which is the most commonly used dry crusher, is calculated from power consumption at 2,592 yen/ton for a raw material with a charcoal moisture content of 8.5%.
For carbide in anhydrous state, the price is 2,828 yen/ton.
On the other hand, in the case of the present invention, if calculated from the power consumption, including everything from pulverization to colloidalization, it will be 400 yen/ton. The super micron crusher further mixes oil and water, and the power consumption required for colloidalization is
Since it costs 350 yen/ton, the running cost of the present invention is about 1/8th of the above power consumption calculation. Furthermore, it has the advantage of having a very small particle size of 20 microns or less, and since it is a single process, it can be expected to have significant economic effects, such as reducing labor costs and the area of factory facilities. Natural plants will rot in a few thousand years if left alone, but by carbonizing them, they can be stored for thousands of years. Nowadays, the environment and scale of life and industry are different from those of the past, and equipment systems are used based on the premise of using electricity, gas, and liquid fuel.
It is almost unthinkable that firewood and charcoal would be used directly as fuel. Fluidity (colloidal) that increases apparent bulk density and is convenient for handling such as transportation and storage
As a new fuel, CCOM has great benefits to society. Since the days of single fuels such as oil, coal, and firewood, supplying composite fuels with the necessary calorific value for the purpose of use is directly linked to resource and energy conservation, and is a promising fuel in Japan, where fossil resources are scarce. becomes. In addition, since vegetable charcoal is clean, colloidal fuel combined with oil reduces Sox per weight, and the effect of water in CCOM reduces Nox. As a fuel, it would be advantageous in terms of pollution-free measures.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the conventional CCOM manufacturing process, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the CCOM manufacturing process of the present invention, and Fig. 3 A and B are general views and illustrations of the melting machine used in the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a manufacturing apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 3, D-5...Fixed mass colloider, D
-6... Rotating mass colloider, 1... in Figure 4
Stirrer, 2... First mass colloider, 3... Storage tank, 4... Finishing (second) mass colloider, 5...
…Line mixer, 6…Distribution storage tank, P ₁ to _{P 4} …
…sludge pump.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A composite material characterized by being a stabilized colloidal fuel made by continuously melting vegetable charcoal to a size of 30 microns or less and integrating oil and water therewith. fuel. 2 The weight composition ratio of vegetable charcoal and oil is 35:65~
The composite fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio is in the range of 49:51. 3. The composite fuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amount of water coexists is within 20% to 10% by weight. 4. The composite fuel according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the calorific value is in the range of 7000 to 8500 Kcal/Kg. 5. Using a fine grinding device made of a polymer composite grinder inside the melting frame, 30% of vegetable carbonized material is
1. A method for producing a composite fuel, which comprises continuously melting particles of less than a micron, and producing in one step a stabilized composite colloidal fuel by integrating oil and water. 6. A device that stirs and mixes vegetable charcoal into a mixed liquid containing oil, water, and a dispersion/stabilizer to form a slurry;
Vegetable charcoal and oil, characterized in that a first melter with a mass colloider clearance in the range of 0.4 to 0.7 mm and a finishing melter with a mass colloider clearance in the range of 0.01 to 0.03 mm are arranged in sequence. An apparatus for producing a stabilized composite colloidal fuel consisting of water and