JPH0457288B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method in which a plurality of cultivation beds are stacked one on top of the other to grow and cultivate crops.

[Conventional technology]

Hydroponic cultivation has been known as a method for improving crop production efficiency, and various methods have been proposed.

A typical conventional example will be explained using the drawings. FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 are a partial plan view of a cultivation bed (panel) used in conventional hydroponic cultivation and a sectional view showing its usage state. In FIGS. 22 and 23, a cultivation bed (panel) 42 is attached to the top of a bed 41 containing a cultivation liquid 40 or is floating on the cultivation liquid 40. Planting holes 43 are bored in the cultivation bed 42 at regular intervals, and seedlings and crops 45 planted in open-cell foam 44 are attached to these holes. In addition to the combination of the perforated cultivation bed 42 and the open-cell foam 44,
In some cases, the cultivation bed itself is partially or entirely open-celled and has no holes.

In either case, seeds or seedlings are sown or planted at regular intervals, grown, cultivated, and finally harvested.

As mentioned above, conventional hydroponic cultivation methods for growing crops such as vegetables include directly sowing seeds on a cultivation bed containing open-cell foam, cuttings, etc., growing for a certain period of time, and then harvesting; There is a method in which the seeds are grown in a seedbed for germination, then transplanted to a cultivation bed with planting holes, grown, and harvested. In the former method, the spacing between sown seeds is determined so that sufficient photosynthesis can occur even when the plants have grown and are close to being harvested and are full of leaves.
Therefore, from germination to the initial stage of growth, this spacing is excessive and there is a lot of wasted space.

In the latter method, during the initial stage of growth from germination, the seeds are cultivated at close intervals in another nursery bed, and then planted in the original cultivation bed, which reduces waste in the early stages, but does not require complicated replanting work. is necessary.

To improve this, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-64 proposes a method for germination using a multi-stage seedling bed.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, in the method described in the above publication, the seedling beds are simply stacked one on top of the other, so light does not reach the center of the bed, and although it can be applied to germination,
Not suitable for growing crops. Furthermore, in order to expand the seedling bed after germination and continue cultivation, there is still the problem that space is wasted or planting work is indispensable, similar to the above.

The present invention proposes a hydroponic cultivation method that eliminates such waste of cultivation bed space and replanting work.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention provides a hydroponic cultivation method using a panel as a cultivation bed, which has a large number of planting positions and a large number of through holes, and the planting positions are arranged at intervals suitable for the growth of crops, and the planting positions and the through holes are arranged at the intervals described above. Grow seedlings or young crops at the planting position of each panel by stacking two or more closely spaced panels so that the planting position of one panel overlaps the through hole of the other panel. The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method characterized in that the overlapping panels are separated and cultivation is continued.

In the present invention, a large number of panels are stacked one on top of the other, and seedlings or young crops are planted in each panel at intervals suitable for crop growth. If seedlings or young crops are planted at close intervals, e.g., if they are allowed to grow to harvest, they will become overcrowded and will not be suitable for growth. When the seedlings or young crops grow and become overcrowded, the stacked panels can be separated and cultivated in each panel.
Further, it is continued (e.g., grown until harvest time).

Further, the present invention can be applied to the cultivation of crops even before the harvest period is reached, if the crops ultimately need to be replanted.

Furthermore, the present invention can be practiced even from the stage of sowing seeds.

Therefore, according to the present invention, there is no need to replant crops one by one during cultivation, and cultivation can be continued for each panel by separating and unfolding the stacked panels and rearranging them. can.

The timing of this rearrangement can be determined as appropriate by observing the growth state of the crops, and does not necessarily have to wait until overcrowding occurs. Rather, it is preferable to rearrange before overcrowding occurs.

Although the material of the panel of the present invention is arbitrary, a plastic board, a foam, a composite of plastic and foam, etc. can be used. From the viewpoint of heat retention of the cultivation liquid, etc., foams and composites of plastic and foam are preferred.

When using a plastic plate, it is preferable to make it as thin and lightweight as possible while still maintaining rigidity, from the viewpoint of workability.

The foam preferably has sufficient rigidity, and for this purpose, foams with closed cells, particularly polystyrene foam, closed cell polyurethane foam, closed cell polyethylene foam, closed cell polypropylene foam, etc. are used. preferable. Also,
Composites consisting of open cells and closed cells may be used as long as they have sufficient rigidity; for example, foamed composites consisting of polystyrene foam and open cell polyurethane foam, and the above-mentioned foams having closed cells. There are laminates of open-cell polyurethane, etc.

Composites of plastic and foam include a foam board or a laminate of a foam sheet and a plastic board, plastic sheet, or plastic film.As the foam, the above-mentioned materials can be used, but open-cell foam can be used. May be used. The lamination method is arbitrary, and even if it is two layers of plastic and foam, it may be a sandwich structure in which foam or plastic is sandwiched between plastic or foam, or two or more of each of plastic and foam can be laminated in any order. It can be anything.

Further, the composite of plastic and foam may be a foam coated with plastic.

The above-mentioned panels have the above-mentioned through-holes, and the planting position is either through-holes or made of a material such as foam with open cells that allows at least the roots of the crop to grow through the front and back. must be maintained. The material for the planting position (if not a hole) may be an open cell or a composite of an open cell and a closed cell, and the materials listed above can be used. Further, when the planting position is a through hole, a carrier on which seedlings or young crops are planted is inserted and held in the hole. As the carrier, a material that allows at least the roots of the crop to grow through, such as a foam having open cells as described above, is used.

Next, the structure of the panel used in the present invention will be explained using the drawings.

Figure 1 is a plan view showing an example of a panel that can be used in the present invention, and Figure 2 is a plan view of the two panels shown in Figure 1, which are stacked upside down so that the A-A' lines in Figure 1 overlap. A-A' sectional view and FIG. 3 are partial sectional views showing a state in which the superimposed panels of FIG. 2 hold a carrier on which seedlings or young crops are supported. .

In FIG. 1, a panel 1 is provided with alternating large holes 2 and small holes 3. FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of two panels 1 stacked one on top of the other so that the large holes 2 and small holes 3 overlap. In Figure 2, upper panel 4 and lower panel 5
In this case, the small hole 3 in the panel 4 and the large hole 2 in the panel 5 overlap, and the large hole 2 in the panel 4 and the small hole 3 in the panel 5 overlap to form a penetrating hole. In Figures 1 and 2, the small holes 3 in one panel have sufficient spacing suitable for crop growth, and the shortest distance between the large holes 2 and small holes 3 is greater than the above-mentioned spacing. It's also small. Figure 3 shows the second
The superimposed panels shown are supported by planting seedlings or young crops 7 on carriers 6, which are held in small holes 3 in each panel. The carrier 6 is large enough to be inserted and held in the small hole 3 in the panel. Since the carriers 6 are held in overlapping small holes 3, seedlings or young crops are planted in each panel at intervals suitable for growth of seedlings or young crops. However, the entire stacked panel would be planted more closely spaced than that.

In Figures 1 to 3, the large hole 2 is the through hole of the panel in the present invention, and the small hole 3 is the planting position of the panel in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing another example of a panel that can be used in the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another example of a panel that can be used in the present invention.
A sectional view taken along the line B-B' when the panels are stacked upside down so that the lines B-B' in the figure overlap, and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken when seedlings or young crops are supported on the stacked panels in Figure 5. FIG. 3 is a partially sectional view showing a state in which the carrier is held.

In FIG. 4, the panel 8 has a large hole 9 and a small hole 10, and the upper part of the small hole 10 has a protrusion 11.
surrounded by Figure 5 shows panel 8 in Figure 4.
A cross-sectional view is shown when the two sheets are stacked one on top of the other so that the protrusion 11 is fitted into the large hole 9. In FIG. 5, in the upper panel 12 and the lower panel 13, each small hole forms a hole that passes through the entire superimposed panel.

In FIGS. 4 and 5, the small holes 10 in one panel have sufficient spacing suitable for crop growth, but the large holes 11 and the small holes 9
The shortest interval of is narrower than the said interval.

FIG. 6 shows seedlings or young crops 7 supported on carriers 6 being planted in the above-mentioned superimposed panels.

In Figures 4 and 5, the large hole 9 is the through hole of the panel in the present invention, and the small hole 10 is the planting position of the panel in the present invention.

FIGS. 7 and 8 each show a partial plan view of a panel for implementing the present invention, with three panels stacked one on top of the other.

To do this, overlap the panel shown in FIG. 8 with the panel shown in FIG. 7, and then turn the panel shown in FIG. 7 upside down so that the C-C' lines overlap. FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C' in the stacked state. Into the through holes 14 in the superimposed panels are inserted carriers on which are planted seedlings or young crops, as shown in FIG. 3, and held in the small holes 15. In this example, if the bottom panel holds the carrier, the overlying panels should be thin to allow better light exposure to the seedlings or young crops and to avoid inhibiting leaf growth. It is preferable to make the holes larger.

8 and 9, the large holes in each panel are the through holes in the present invention, and the small holes are the planting positions in the present invention.

10 and 12 are partial plan views showing a panel for carrying out the present invention by overlapping three panels, respectively, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D' in FIG. 10. Figures and Figure 13 are E of Figure 12.
-E' line sectional view.

The panel 16 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 has a small hole 17 surrounded by a projection 18 at the top extending through the panel, and a large hole 19 is further bored through the panel.

The panel 20 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 has a small hole 21 with projections 22 and 2 on its upper and lower parts.
3, and a larger hole 24 is drilled through the panel.

Layer the panel 20 on the panel 16 so that the D-D' line and the E-E' line overlap, and then turn the panel 16 upside down (referred to as panel 25) and place it on the E-E' line and D
D-D′ (E-
A cross-sectional view along line E') is shown in Fig. 14. In FIG. 14, the protrusion 18 of the panel 16 is connected to the panel 20 and the panel 25.
The protrusions 23 of the panel 20 are fitted with the large holes of the panel 16, the protrusions 22 of the panel 20 are fitted with the large holes of the panel 25, and the protrusions 23 of the panel 20 are fitted with the large holes of the panel 25.
The protrusions 26 of 5 fit into large holes in the panel 20 and panel 16.

The carrier carrying seedlings or young crops is
It is inserted and retained in the small through holes 17, 21 of the overlapping panels of FIG. 14. In the example shown here, the carrier inserted into each small through hole is held in the small hole at the same height, so that
It is easy for the seedlings or young crops supported by the carrier to be evenly exposed to light. Further, in the example shown here, it is preferable to adjust the overall thickness of the stacked panels so that the roots of seedlings or young crops are sufficiently immersed in the cultivation solution.

In Figures 10-14, the small holes 17 and 21 in each panel are the planting positions of the panel in the present invention, and the large holes 19 and 24 are the through holes in the panel in the present invention.

The example shown above is an example where the planting position of the panel is a penetrating hole.
The small holes in the panels shown in Figures 8, 10 and 12 may be filled in advance with foam having open cells. Such panels may be made by filling small holes in each panel with open cell foam, or may be made by integral molding. Panels in which such small holes are filled with foam having open cells can be stacked together in the same manner as described above. The open-celled foam portion of this stacked panel is the planting location of the present invention, in which the seeds are sown, germinated, and grown into seedlings or young crops in the same manner as described above. For example, FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 14 when panels having the same shape as those shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 and filled with foam having small open cells are stacked together. become that way. In FIG. 15, in panels 27, 28 and 29, the foam with open cells is shown stippled.

The panels used in the present invention are shown in FIGS. 1 and 4.
In the panels shown in Figures 7, 8, 10 and 12, the large holes are left and the small holes are filled, i.e. the small holes are filled with foam having open cells. It may be formed as a composite of closed cell and open cell with the same shape as the one that was buried. In this case, seeds may be sown, germinated, and seedlings or young crops may be grown in the same manner as in the case of the panel in which the small holes are filled in advance with a foam having open cells.
For example, if a panel with the same shape as the panel in FIG. 4 but without small holes is superimposed and a cross-sectional view is shown in the same manner as in FIG. 5, the result will be as shown in FIG. 16. In FIG. 16, panels of the same shape (integrated panels of closed cell and open cell) are stacked upside down. In this case, the planting position of each panel is the part overlapped (or fitted) with the large hole (through hole of the present invention).

In the present invention, when the stacked panels are released and unfolded, the heat retention of the cultivation liquid decreases, and light enters the cultivation liquid through the through holes in each panel, causing the growth of blue algae and the entry of bacteria and foreign substances. Become. To prevent this, it is preferable to close the through holes after each panel is unfolded. A good way to close it is to cover the through hole, but since this requires a lot of work, it is better to overlap it with a panel that is similar to the panel shown above but does not have a through hole. Hereinafter, such a panel will be referred to as a lid panel.

An example of a lid panel is shown in the drawing.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of a lid panel for the panels shown in FIGS. 1 or 4 and panels similar to these, but where the planting location is not a through-hole;

FIG. 18 is a partial plan view of a lid panel for the panels shown in FIGS. 7 or 10 and panels similar thereto, but where the planting location is not a through-hole.

FIG. 19 is a partial plan view of a lid panel for the panel shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 12 and a panel similar thereto, but where the planting location is not a through-hole;

Holes 32, 33 and 34 in Figures 17-19
is preferably large enough to allow the roots, leaves, stems, etc. of crops to pass through easily.

The lid panel may be placed on top of the panel used in the invention, or the panel used in the invention may be placed on top of the lid panel.

In the present invention, the superimposed panels may be placed on top of a cultivation bed as conventionally known, or may be suspended in a cultivation solution within the cultivation bed. Further, the same process may be performed after the overlapping panels are separated and unfolded and rearranged.

For example, FIG. 20 shows a cross-sectional view of the stacked panels shown in FIG. 2 placed on a cultivation bed. However, crops and carriers are also shown. Panel 4 is placed in the cultivation bed 36 filled with cultivation liquid 35.
and 5 are stacked on top of each other.

FIG. 21 shows a state in which after seedlings or young crops have been grown as shown in FIG. 20, the stacked panels are released and unfolded and overlapped with the lid panel. A panel 4 and a lid panel 37 are stacked on a cultivation bed 39 filled with a cultivation liquid 38.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, in hydroponic cultivation, it is possible to save the planting area until the growth of seedlings or young crops, and therefore, it is possible to save costs such as cultivation solution and circulation of cultivation solution, etc. Replanting becomes easier.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a panel used in the present invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of two panels shown in Fig. 1 stacked together, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the stacked panels shown in Fig. 2. A partial cross-sectional view when crops are planted, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing another example of the panel used in the present invention, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view when two panels of FIG. 4 are stacked, FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of crops planted on the overlapping panels of FIG. 5, FIGS. 7 and 8 are partial plan views showing other examples of panels used in the present invention, and FIG. Figure 9 shows two panels from Figure 7 and Figure 8.
10 is a partial plan view showing another example of the panel used in the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line D-D' in FIG. 10. ,
Fig. 12 is a partial plan view showing another example of the panel used in the present invention, Fig. 13 is a sectional view taken along the line E-E' in Fig. 12, and Fig. 14 is the panel shown in Figs. 10 and 11. A cross-sectional view of two panels and one panel shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 stacked together, and FIG.
16 is a sectional view showing another example of two stacked panels used in the present invention, and FIGS. 17 to 19 are different lid panels, FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing how the stacked panels of the present invention are used, FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing how the panels of the present invention are used when opened and expanded, and FIG. FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a conventional panel in use. 1, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 16, 20, 2
5, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31...panel,
2, 9, 19, 24...large hole (through hole), 3,
10, 17, 21...Small hole (planting position),
6... Crop, 7... Support, 11, 18, 22,
23, 26... protrusion, 32, 33, 34... hole,
35, 38... Cultivation liquid, 36, 39... Cultivation bed, 37... Lid panel.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A hydroponic cultivation method using a panel as a cultivation bed, which has a large number of planting positions and a large number of through holes, and the planting positions are arranged at intervals suitable for crop growth, and the planting positions and the through holes are arranged at intervals suitable for crop growth. In this case, two or more panels arranged at intervals narrower than the above-mentioned intervals are stacked so that the planting position of one panel overlaps the through hole of the other panel, and seedlings or young plants are planted at the planting position of each panel. A hydroponic cultivation method characterized by growing crops and then continuing cultivation by dividing the stacked panels. 2. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the planting position of the panel is a hole capable of holding a support for supporting seedlings or young crops. 3. The water according to claim 2, wherein the carrier is a plastic foam with open cells, this is held in pores capable of holding the carrier, and seedlings or young crops are planted on the carrier. Cultivation method. 4. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the hole capable of holding the carrier is smaller than the through hole. 5. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the panel is a plastic foam having closed cells. 6. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the panel is made of plastic foam having open cells through the front and back of the panel at the planting position, and is made of plastic foam having closed cells in the other parts. 7. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the plastic foam having open cells has only open cells as air bubbles. 8. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the plastic foam having open cells is a composite plastic foam consisting of open cells and closed cells. 9 Claim 1, wherein the panel is a composite plastic foam consisting of open cells and closed cells.
Hydroponic cultivation method described in section. 10. The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the panel is made of a plastic board or a laminate of plastic film and foam except for the planting position.