JPH0453578B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to fluidized bed reactors and furnaces, and more particularly to solid particle reactors with a vibrating bed for solid particles.

For example, solid fuel stoves and furnaces have been proposed that provide fuel to a chain grate. This allows automatic refueling and ash removal, but does not guarantee complete and efficient combustion. To increase combustion efficiency, pressurized air is introduced into the furnace over the bed of solid fuel and circulated to provide sufficient oxygen to burn the coal. However, during combustion, the fuel tends to shrink, and considerable pressure is required for proper air circulation. On top of that,
The pressurized air attempts to pass through the fuel bed through the path of least resistance. As a result, so-called blowholes are formed, forming air passages,
Air ceases to reach the more compacted fuel away from the blowhole. This more pressurized air quickly passes through the blowhole and tends to cool the burning coal, keeping the efficiency of the heating system below its maximum heating efficiency.

In addition to this, the ash removal equipment becomes rather complex and inefficient, and its presence interferes with the effective combustion of the solid fuel.

Also, solid fuel heating devices, such as traditional wood stoves or ash furnaces, do not burn cleanly, emit a lot of smoke, and often require cleaning. Such devices cannot use different types and sizes of fuel and do not work well when the fuel is wet.

Powdered coal burners are used, especially for the electrical industry. In this burner, fine powdered coal is injected into the combustion chamber.
It is mixed with air and combusted. These burners use less coal and provide better heating than ash-fed furnaces, but they are highly polluting and require large and expensive pollutant capture equipment at the discharge.

A fluidized bed combustion chamber has a bed of crushed coal coated with particulate material, usually comprising crushed limestone. Air is injected into the bed under moderate pressure to boil the coal and particulate matter and cause the crushed coal particles to become suspended in the air. Combustion takes place at relatively low temperatures, less ash mass or clinker is formed, and less nitrogen oxide is formed. The resulting sulfide is
Trapped in lime particles.

However, chambers using this fluidized bed have major drawbacks. As one of them,
Fluidized bed furnaces are large and complex systems that require maintenance and must be constantly monitored. Another problem is the size of the furnace;
The mixed particles that were boiled and rose into the air
It can reach a height of more than 10m, and the combustion chamber can be used for factory or plant use.
It has to be constructed as a complex 25m high silo, making it impossible to use it as a domestic heating system.

Another disadvantage is that thermal paths or conductive paths (blowholes) are often formed in the fluidized bed. Injection of compressed air is
It does not necessarily help to destroy this conductive path and is not effective for efficient combustion.

Furthermore, a large amount of energy is consumed compressing the air that is injected into the combustion chamber to fluidize the bed.

Fluidized bed reaction chambers have many applications in the petroleum processing and chemical processing industries.

The invention therefore aims to provide a solid particle reactor which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages inherent in conventional stoves.

Another object of the invention is to provide a solid fuel heating device which ensures uniform combustion of the fuel, has no blowholes in the fuel head and requires less air pressure for the injected air. The object of the present invention is to provide a solid particle reactor such as the above solid particle reactor.

The invention also provides a solid particle combustion furnace in which the fuel bed is in a more or less fluidized state, thus allowing air to surround the fuel particles and providing uniform and improved combustion. It is in.

Another object of the present invention is to provide solid combustion in which ash is easy to remove and fine particles are easily combusted.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid particle reactor that can be used as an efficient filter or reactant for gas cleaning or reaction.

In one embodiment of the invention, the heating device is used for the combustion of solid fuels that leave ash after combustion. The device includes a fuel chamber, a combustion chamber, a mechanism for introducing solid fuel into the fuel chamber, a first air injection means for injecting air into the combustion chamber, a means for exhausting air from the combustion chamber, and a combustion chamber. It consists of a fuel bed that reaches the combustion chamber. An improved construction of this device includes a vibrating bowl having a generally circular base and a side wall with a helical groove therein extending from the bottom to the top. A vibration mechanism applies torsion vibration to the bowl, and the ash produced by combustion rises up the groove, exits the bowl, and is guided into the ash container.

Preferably, the vibration at a line frequency (eg, 50-60 Hz) maintains the coal and other fuel particles in motion as the pressurized air passes through the fuel. Therefore, the solid fuel particles are in a more or less fluidized state and are all in contact with the first pressurized air, allowing uniform and clean combustion under much lower air pressure than in conventional furnaces. Even if it is, I will do it.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the heating device is characterized in that the fluidizing bed is constituted by a vibrating pan, the vibrating pan having a bottom and a discharge end extending from the bottom above the fuel bed in the pan. It consists of linear plates that are tilted in one direction. The vibrating pan causes the fuel particles to flow through vibration, and a first air is injected into the fuel particles from below the top surface of the bed of the particles. The ash produced by the combustion is forced up a slope and discharged into a container. A screen is used to control the burning particles, and the mesh of the screen is sized so that fine ash is screened out and transported.

A device for removing clinker from the bed is used with roller crushing means for crushing the clinker into fine particles.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a chemical reactor, such as a catalytic converter or an active filter, can use a vibrating bed of fluidized solid particles to react from a feedstock of a gaseous body or from a gas stream. Contaminants can be removed. The solid particles can be a catalyst such as a zeolite or a filter made of an absorbing or adsorbing material such as limestone or charcoal.

It will, of course, be clear that the idea of the invention can also be applied to reactors in which a liquid reacts with a vibrating bed of solid particles.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail according to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a furnace 10 according to the invention has an outer wall 12 lined with a refractory material, and the outer wall 12 forms the housing of the furnace. the floor 1
4 is attached to the base 16 of the inertial body which rests on three or more flexible mounts M.

At the center of the furnace floor 14 is a vibrating bowl 20 having a generally circular floor 22 and an upright peripheral wall 24 . As is clear from the perspective view in Figure 2,
This bowl 20 has a spiral groove G inside. In this example, a single helical groove G
However, in other embodiments, a plurality of grooves may be arranged from the bottom to the top of the groove.

Groove G causes the ash A to move upwards due to vibration, so the groove G must have a pitch smaller than the angle of rest of the ash A.

In the center of the floor 22 of the bowl 20 is a central cone 26.
and an inner cone 28 without a tip disposed coaxially therebelow. Cones 26 and 28 are located slightly apart from each other so that an air passage 30 is formed therebetween. As will become clearer, the air is preheated within the passageway 30 and also absorbs heat from the bed 22 of the bowl 20, cooling the bed 22 before being discharged downwardly from the edge of the cone 26.

As is clear from FIG. 3, the screen 32 is
It is arranged as a support web for the particles under the solid fuel. The mesh of screen 32 is chosen to be smaller than the burning coal beneath the fuel and larger than the expected particles of ash A.
Post 34 attached to floor 22 of bowl 20
supports the screen 32 on the floor 22;
slopes downward toward the wall 24. These arrangements, including the screen 32, are intended to move the ash from below the bed of fuel F upwardly through the grooves G.

The struts 34 are connected to form a dam of ash A, allowing a layer of ash A to accumulate below the burning coal. This layer protects the bed 22 from extreme combustion heat.

The vibration mechanism of the furnace 10 consists of a set of springs 36 and a vibration drive motor 38 having an armature located above the floor 14 of the furnace and a working member located below the floor 22 of the bowl 20. A half-wave rectified line current is passed through the motor armature, so that the bowl 20 is intermittently pulled downward and released. Somewhat inclined, the bowl 20
A spring 36 attached to the bowl rotates it slightly when it is pulled downwardly and twists it in the thrust direction when the motor 28 releases the bowl 20. The particles of ash A are therefore vibrated clockwise and move up the groove G towards the top of the wall 24.

The furnace 10 also has a bowl 20 at a point within the cone 28.
It is equipped with an air duct 40 that reaches the center of the. Pressurized air flows from duct 40 to cone 28
through which it rises into the air passage 30 and below the rim of the cone 26. A blow 42 supplies air into the duct 40.

10 also has a fuel magazine configured as a cylindrical wall 44 concentric with bowl 20 and located within wall 12. Magazine wall 44
delimits a fuel chamber 46 (the cylindrical core within wall 44) and a combustion chamber 48 (the annular portion between walls 12 and 44).

The lower end of the magazine wall 44 is located below the top of the wall 24 but above the floor 22 of the bowl 20 and defines the combustion level CL of the fuel F within the combustion chamber 48 . The level FL of the fuel F in the fuel chamber 48 above the level CL is determined as described below.

A fuel supply chute 50 extends through walls 12 and 44 into the interior of fuel chamber 46 . door 5
2 closes the magazine end of the chute 50 and a fuel level sensor rod 54 is secured to the door 52. A shield S surrounds the chute 50 and prevents the heated fuel from entering the combustion state.

For example, fuel is supplied to the chute 50 from an Archimedes spiral pump (not shown). A switch (not shown) provided on the door 52 is closed when the door 52 is completely closed. The Archimedean spiral pump is operated intermittently for a few seconds at a time. Fuel F is then chute 50
The door 52 is opened and the rod 54 is raised. When the supply of fuel F is stopped, the door 52
will be able to close. When the actual fuel level is below level FL, rod 54 will:
The door 52 is completely closed and the switch is closed. However, when the supply of fresh fuel F matches or exceeds the level FL, the rod 54 will be above the level FL and the door 52 will nevertheless not be fully closed. First, the switch opens and the periodic operation of the Archimedean helical pump is stopped. Therefore, the new fuel level is maintained approximately at level FL. When the level of fuel falls below level FL, door 52 is fully closed and the supply cycle begins again.

The magazine has an opening P at the top. These openings P allow moisture to drain from the fuel F within the fuel chamber 46.

A maintenance access chute 58 is provided above the center of the magazine top 56 to allow inspection and cleaning of the interior of the furnace 10. A door 60 is provided for closing the maintenance access chute 58. A safety interlock 62 connected to blower 42 is provided to allow air supply only when door 60 is closed.

A discharge chamber 64 is provided in the upper part of the furnace 10 and an exhaust pipe 66 is connected thereto. Batsuful 68
are arranged radially from the top of the magazine 44 toward the wall 12 and separate the combustion chamber 48 and the exhaust chamber 64 . A vertical cylindrical collar 70 is provided at the radially outer end of the buffle 68 and another buffle 72 is positioned from the collar 70 toward the chute 58. The inside of the buttfuls 68, 72 and the collar 70 define the exhaust chamber 68, and the annular portion between the collar 70 and the wall 12, the gap between the buttfull 72 and the top of the housing 10, allow the combustion gases to Forming a cyclone of retained solid particles. This moves spirally through the flame passages, lengthening the flame for more efficient combustion. members 68, 70,
72 reduces the velocity of the gas at the top of the magazine 44, causing any remaining unburned solid particles to fall out of the gas. These particles enter the combustion chamber 46 through the aperture P and are recycled.

The furnace is also provided with an air injection member 74 that introduces second air into the combustion chamber above the fuel F.

A water heating coil 76 is optionally located, for example, on the outside of the magazine wall 44.

An ash conduit 78 is provided to convey ash A from channel G to an ash container (not shown) external to furnace 10.

For example, an electrical heating element 80 can be provided in the bowl 20 around the cone 26 for initial ignition of the fuel F or for re-ignition when extinguished.

In operation, fuel F is injected from the chute 50 into the fuel chamber 46. Fuel F is positioned externally by cone 26 and ignited by heating element 80 . First air is injected from the duct 40 and reaches the fuel F in the combustion chamber 48 through the air passage 30 between the cones 26 and 28 . At this time, bowl 2
0 is made to vibrate, and the fuel F is also made to vibrate together with it. This vibration causes the fuel F to move within the combustion chamber, and in combination with the vibration, the burning fuel
Becomes a fluid state. The particles of fuel F burn evenly and completely, leaving ash A. The problem of "blowholes" in the fuel is completely avoided. Ash A
falls from the screen 32 and ascends the groove G into the ash conduit 78.

When the fuel F in the combustion chamber 48 is consumed, the cone 26, which is also vibrating, moves fresh fuel F in the fuel chamber 46 towards the combustion chamber 48. In this way, when the fuel F is lost, new fuel F is continuously supplied, and the burning coal that is the fuel F in the outer combustion chamber is not covered by the new fuel as in the conventional device. It will never be erased.

The second air inlet 74 ensures that the gas above the bed of coal in the combustion chamber 48 is fully oxidized, burning the fuel F more efficiently and reducing the level of CO. Powdered fuels are more easily combusted.

Furthermore, the configuration of the present invention allows for preheating and drying of the fuel F within the fuel chamber 46, if necessary, and the fuel F will burn more efficiently. According to the invention, fuel containing moisture, such as green wood or garbage, can be burned without deteriorating the operation of the furnace. In the case of garbage,
The resulting gas is combusted in the form of exhaust gas which passes through the perforated upper part 56.

As an alternative to the embodiment described above, the fuel inlet may be conical 26.
It can be installed directly above the Also, the air inlet for the first air can be provided above or below the fuel bed.

The invention also allows for the use of means other than the spirally grooved bowl 20 for ash removal.
For example, a repeatedly vibrating bed with smooth or stepped slopes can be used to transport the ash out of the furnace.

Oil jet or natural gas can be included to supplement the solid fuel, or can be used in place of the solid fuel for short term supplies.

Heat reflecting vanes can be provided above the combustion bed to direct heat back and down into the combustion chamber, thereby improving combustion efficiency.

Further, the arrangement of the drive motor 38 is not limited to this, and other drive mechanisms can also be used. For example, two balanced motor drive mechanisms spaced apart from the center of bowl 20 can be used.

Additionally, sweeper blades can be used in the spiral groove G to return particles larger than a predetermined size (unburnt fuel) back to the fuel bed.

FIG. 4 shows a linear type vibrating solid combustion furnace 110. In this example, the first
Parts corresponding to the embodiments are numbered with the same number with 100 added. This linear 110
In this case, the rotationally vibrating bowl 2 shown in FIG.
0 is replaced by a linear pan 120, which is vibrated in the longitudinal direction.

The pan 120 includes a bottom 122 and a flat plate 124 that slopes from the bottom toward an upper discharge end.
It is equipped with Opposite this plate 124 is a feed surface 126 that slopes downwardly toward the bottom 122.
is located. Fuel F is supplied into the furnace,
A fuel bed is formed which is held on pan 120. A screen 132 is placed across the sloped plate 124 and forms a barrier for the fuel bed above. This screen 132 has a predetermined mesh and functions to prevent unburned fuel particles larger than this mesh from passing through, but to allow fine ash particles to pass through.

The clinker removal device 134
It is located on the fuel bed near 2. The device 134 has a transverse axis of rotation and flexible radial fingers. The device 134 rotates to clear clinker and other large ash particles on the screen. The finger only removes clunkers and allows fuel particles to pass through easily.

Inclined spring 136 and solenoid drive mechanism 13
8 forms a vibration mechanism of the furnace 100.

An air inlet 140 is arranged tangentially to the direction of movement of the spring and supplies air to the fuel F in the fuel bed via a first air inlet 130 below the supply surface 126.

A combustion chamber 148 is provided in the space between the top of the fuel bed of pan 120 and the top wall 112 of furnace 100. A hopper-type overfeed fuel supply 150 lowers toward the top of the fuel bed and supplies fresh fuel to the pan 120.

When air is supplied to the fuel bed through the first air inlet 130, combustion occurs similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3. The vibration of the bread 120 is
This causes fine ash particles to fall to the bottom of the fuel bed and causes larger unburned fuel particles to move upward. The sloped plate 124 is rough and moves the fine ash upwardly as it passes through the screen 132 and onto the plate 124 above the screen.
It passes through a fine slot 152 provided in the. This slot 152 allows the movement of ash particles to the downflow area below the plate 124.
Because of this ash removal structure, the plate 124 has a slope that is somewhat less steep than the angle of the ash cake. Step 15
4 can be provided on the slot 152 portion as required. This step 154 allows for the transfer of large particles, such as clinker, to the upper end of the plate 124 where they are crushed into fine particles by a pair of crusher rollers 156. A switch 158 is provided above the roller 156 to begin driving the roller when struck by a large particle such as clinker.

A stationary buffle 160 slopes downwardly along the lower surface of plate 124 to define a downflow region. The vibrating conveyor plate 162 is fixed
60 downwards tilted upwards, full 160
Together, they form an upward path for fuel gas from the combustion chamber. The fuel gas exits through outlet 164 to a heat exchanger or similar device. A second air inlet 174 is preferably located at the base of plate 124 between the downflow and upflow paths to introduce supplemental oxygen for combustion.

A vibrating conveyor plate 162 moves the ash and crushed clinker to the inlet of the ash container 178. A guide 180 for returning suspended ash particles from the exhaust port 164 also directs the ash to the container 178.

As mentioned above, the idea of the invention is applicable not only to furnaces, but also to many chemical reactors, such as fluidized bed filters for filtering contaminants from industrial gases or chemical reactors. It can be used in a fluidized bed reactor for the synthesis of substances.

FIG. 5 shows a gas cleaner using the idea of this invention. In this example, parts corresponding to the previous example have the same numbers and 20
Shown with 0 added. In this example,
A rotating vibrating bowl 220 is disposed on the base 216 and includes a solid particle filter 224 . The vibration of the bowl 220 has the property of moving large particles 224 upwards and moving fine particles 224 downwards, thereby layering them. This makes it possible to filter the gas by a predetermined sequence of layered particles and to maintain particle layers by selecting different filtering particle sizes.

In this embodiment, the distribution cone 226 has a number of gas outlets 228 arranged along its conical surface, which are located not only at the bottom of the cone, but also at the ends and top of the cone. will be placed in various parts between. Spring 236 and solenoid 238 form a vibration mechanism for bowl 220. A gas inlet 240 supplies the gas to be filtered from below to the distribution cone 226 .

FIG. 6 shows a fluidized bed furnace according to the invention, including a base 316 and a spring and solenoid 33.
It consists of a pan or bowl 320 attached to a base 316 by 8. The underfeed gas inlet 340 is connected to the bowl 320
Gas is supplied to a diffuser plate 326 located slightly above the bottom of the tube. The injection gas passes through the apertures in plate 326 to create an atmosphere for cleaning or heat treating the component. The particles vibrated within the bowl 320 are
Heat from a heater or heat exchange coil 376 surrounding the sides of bowl 320 is transferred to these components. The coil 376 described above can be used as a heat supply for endothermic reactions or as a heat source for a flowing bed of inert particles.

FIG. 7 shows a rotating vibratory bed reactor that cooperates with a layered screen retention means or liner. The vibrating bowl 420 is the bowl 4
20 has the particles 424 in a liner formed by a perforated screen 432 rising slightly from the bottom of the particle 424 and a barrier 434 rising from the screen to the top of the bed of particles 424.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the vibration moves large particles upward and fine particles downward, causing particles 42
4 is stratified. Therefore, the perforated screen 432 only needs to be located at the bottom, where fine ash or other particles will be mixed.

FIG. 8 shows yet another vibrating bowl reactor according to the invention. that bowl 520
includes a screen liner 532 extending from the bottom above the particles. Due to the vibration of the particles, the fine particles descend and pass through the screen 532;
Larger particles remain within screen 532.
The small particles will then be moved by the vibrations of the helical track 524. A rod 526 above the screen 532 serves to trap particles larger than a predetermined size moving up the helical track 524 and return them to the vibrating bed. The fine particles move to the top of the track 524 without any problem and are discharged.

Additionally, in this embodiment, an overfeed air inlet or gas inlet 540 is provided for injecting gas from above into the gas inlet 528 at the bottom of the particle bed.

FIG. 9 shows another vibratory bed reactor with a bowl 620 having a helical groove 624 inside. In this embodiment, means are provided to return the fine particles to the material making up the bed, but to allow removal of the larger particles.
This means includes a slot in the helical groove 624;
It has an inclined guide 626 provided below the slot for returning the fine particles sieved by the slot to the bed of particles.

FIG. 10 shows a reactor with concentric gas inlets and outlets. In this embodiment, the upper wall 712 of the device has a bowl 720 therein. A gas inlet 740 is arranged coaxially around the gas outlet 766 to inject gas into the lower part of the bed of particulate solids. The gas outlet 766 projects downward from a point on the upper surface of the solid particle bed and exits from the gas inlet 740 . Wall 712 is preferably sealed and only gas enters and exits the reactor via pipes 740 and 766.

A supply means 752 for solid particles is provided on the wall 7 if necessary.
placed over the bowl and other solid particles through 12 sealed apertures.

A number of feed locations for rotary and linear vibratory bed devices are shown in FIGS. 11A-13B and briefly described below.

In FIG. 11A, the overfeed reactor includes a bowl 820 having a screen liner 832 therein. Bowl 820 is mounted on a spring 836 and driven by a solenoid 838. Fine ash particles or other fine particles
It is transported upwardly by a spiral track 824.

An overfeed device 850 supplies fuel or other solid particulate material directly to bowl 820 from above.

FIG. 11B shows a similar configuration using a linear vibrating bed. An overfeed device 950 supplies fuel or other solid particles directly to the vibrating pan 920.

FIG. 12A shows an underfeed rotating vibratory reactor having a bowl 1020 with a screen liner 1032 therein. An air inlet 1040 is arranged to pass through the bottom of the bowl 1020, and an auger type underfeeder 1050 coaxial with the air inlet 1040 is provided.
It projects upwardly to supply fresh solid particles to the bowl 1020.

FIG. 12B shows the underfeed structure of the linear vibrating head device, in which the air inlet 11
An auger-type underfeeder 1150 disposed coaxially within vibrating pan 1120 supplies fresh solid fuel or other solid particles from below vibrating pan 1120 to the fuel bed of pan 1120.

FIG. 13A shows a hybrid apparatus in which solid particles are fed to the vibrating bowl through both an auger-type underfeeder 1250 and a hopper-type overfeeder 1252. This type of device is useful for mixing two separate types of solid particles in the reactor bowl 1220, especially when it is inappropriate to previously mix the two types of particles. It is.

Figure 13B is similar to the configuration of Figure 13A, except that it uses a linear vibrating pan 1320. The air inlet 1340 has an auger-type underfeeder 1350 coaxially therewith for supplying solid particles from below, and a hopper-type overfeeder 1352 supplies solid particles from above to the particle bed of the pan 1320.

FIG. 14 shows a multi-bed configuration in which several linear vibrating beds are stacked. The vibrating pan 1420 has continuously stacked chambers 142.
It is composed of 0a, 1420b, 1420c, and 1420d. In this example, both an underfeed device 1450 and an overfeed device 1452 supply solid particles to the uppermost chamber 1420a, and the reaction products from this chamber 1420a are directed to the next chamber 1420b. Different reactions take place. A fluid inlet 1440 supplies air or gas to the second chamber 1420b and reaction products therefrom to the third chamber 142.
0c, and the reaction product there is
A fourth chamber 1420d is fed and the reaction products therein are discharged to a solid product outlet.

An auger-type solid particle underfeed device 1450 feeds the solid reactants into the third chamber 142.
0c, and a gas inlet 1420c supplies gas to the fourth chamber 1420d. Together with the reaction products fed from the previous stages, these become the components of a complex chemical reaction that involves several stages carried out in fluidized beds under different conditions.

It is clear that a vibratory type device such as that described above can be constructed to any required size when vibrations, rather than a compressed gas stream, are used to impart fluidized solid particles. It is. As a result, size is no obstacle to the application of the invention, so that the device according to the invention can withstand almost any industrial or commercial use and can also be used in railways and ships.

Additionally, fuel and air injection conditions can be varied to achieve specific objectives. That is, the air or other gas can be preheated before introduction into the device, or the air can be
It may be injected into the fluidized bed at the required level. Furthermore, fuel can be injected from above, from the side or from below, directly above the bed or from the center, thereby minimizing maintenance. It can be configured to supply fuel.

Although a solenoid drive mechanism is illustrated in the embodiments described above, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, or other drive devices known in the art may be used to provide the vibrations. Additionally, the drive mechanism can use drive frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz as well as other suitable frequencies. However, to save energy, the device should be tuned to a natural frequency.

Furthermore, it is clear that maintenance requirements are significantly less in the apparatus of the present invention than in other designs of furnaces and reactors since there are no parts that wear out. Parts subject to small movements that may cause wear are the fuel and air injection pipe seals, which are of course constructed of flexible material and capable of absorbing small movements.

The solid particles used in the reaction can be a combustible material, a non-combustible material, a catalyst, or a mixture thereof. In fact, when a furnace embodying the invention is used, a small amount of refractory material may be mixed with the fuel to prevent the formation of clinker and the like. The refractory material particles can be aluminum oxide pellets or refractory brick pieces. In furnaces containing such particles in the vibrating bed, the form of clinker is reduced because the temperature is kept low and the non-combustible particles act to separate the ash from each other.

Furthermore, it should be recognized that the fluidized bed condition is created by vibrational action rather than by pressurized gas flow as in conventional fluidized bed furnaces. As a result, the need for a large, powerful compressor is eliminated, and a small blower capable of supplying combustion air (or reactive gas) is sufficient. Also, since the bed is fluidized without the need for large amounts of air passing upwards, the contaminant particles remain within the bed and are not ejected through the outlet. Moreover, due to the layering of large particles over small particles, the fine particles tend to be held down below the layer of large particles, preventing particle exhaust gas contamination.

Of course, the filter according to the invention can be used as a pollution reduction device for treating gas from other combustion systems or other reactor systems. By passing the emitted gases containing pollutants through a fluidizing bed made of selected materials, the level of these pollutants can be significantly reduced due to its neutralizing properties and all Fine particles will be trapped in the vibrating bed and removed.

It must be pointed out that a vibratory fluidized bed reactor facilitates intimate contact of solid particles with a fluid stream (usually gaseous or even liquid). This has the characteristic of allowing high heat transfer and high mass transfer between the fluid and the solid particles.

Furthermore, the vibratory reactor according to the invention is not limited to furnaces and reactors that react with gas in the presence of solid catalysts. For example, the invention can be used in an iron ore reduction reactor where hydrocarbon gases are converted to carbon monoxide in the presence of iron ore, but the ore is also used for carbonization of coke and gaseous bodies. It can also be used in iron ore reduction reactors where the reduction occurs in the presence of a hydrogen catalyst.

Furthermore, vibrating bed reactors are very suitable for the conversion or incineration of materials such as garbage from cities, factories, agriculture or mines, sugar cane dregs and coal mine waste. These wastes may contain large amounts of non-combustible minerals and fine particles, making them uneconomical to use and costly to dispose of. However, these may be combusted or reacted in a vibrating bed with low levels of contamination in the gas.

Although this invention has the embodiments as described above,
It is obvious that the present invention is not limited to this, and that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the furnace according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a part of the furnace shown in FIG.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a part of the furnace shown in Figure 1;
The figure is a sectional view of another embodiment of the furnace according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a vibrating bed gas cleaner based on the idea of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a fluidized bed furnace according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention using stratified effect characteristics in operation, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention. 9 is a sectional view of another embodiment of a fluidized bed reactor according to the invention; FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a vibrating bed reactor with a sealed chamber according to the invention; FIG.
11A and 11B are illustrations of an apparatus having an overfeed mode according to the invention, FIGS. 12A and 12B are illustrations of an apparatus according to the invention in an underfeed mode, and FIGS. 13A and 13
Figure B shows a hybrid mode for reacting different material particles in the apparatus according to the invention, and Figure 14 shows that the successive steps of the reaction are carried out sequentially in one apparatus. be. 10,110...Furnace, 20,220,320,
420, 520, 620, 720, 820, 10
20,1220...Bowl, 120...Bread, G
...Spiral groove, A...ash, 36...spring.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A reactor for causing a fluid flow to react in a bed of solid particles, comprising a pan that holds the bed of solid particles, and a pan that is vibrated to fluidize the bed particles in the pan. and means for injecting said fluid stream into said fluidized bed of solid particles. 2. The reactor of claim 1, wherein the fluid stream is a gas stream. 3. The vibrating bed means comprises a bowl having generally cylindrical upstanding side walls and further having a helical groove extending to an upper discharge end.
Reactor described in section. 4. The reactor of claim 1, wherein said vibrating bed means comprises a linear vibrating pan having a plate inclined in one direction from below the surface of said bed of solid particles to a point of discharge above the surface. 5. The vibrating bed means further comprising a screen disposed across the pan and having a predetermined mesh for passing only particles below a predetermined size to be transported from the surface to the point of discharge. Reactor according to scope 4. 6 located below the discharge point of the inclined plate;
6. A reactor according to claim 5, further comprising means for crushing particles exceeding a predetermined size that have reached this point. 7. The solid particles are comprised of a substance that adsorbs or absorbs contaminants in the gas, and the gas stream is injected into a fluidized vibratory bed of the solid particles to clean the contaminants. A reactor according to claim 2. 8. The reactor of claim 1, wherein said means for injecting said fluid stream includes a conical member having a bottom edge to distribute said fluid into said bed below the surface of said bed. 9. The reactor according to claim 8, wherein the conical member is provided with distribution apertures in the conical surface between the bottom edge and the top. 10. The reactor of claim 1, wherein said means for injecting said fluid stream comprises a diffuser plate at the bottom of said vibrating pan. 11 The vibrating pan has a side wall for accommodating the solid particles disposed from the bottom thereof toward above the bed of the solid particles, and a side wall disposed from the bottom of the pan toward the side wall for controlling the flow of the solid particles. 2. A reactor according to claim 1, further comprising a screen having a mesh through which the solid particles smaller than a predetermined size are allowed to fall to the bottom of the vibrating bed. 12 The pan comprises a screen side wall having a predetermined mesh disposed from the bottom of the pan to the top surface of the solid particle fluidization bed, and only particles smaller than the mesh size of the screen are transferred to the bottom of the solid particle fluidization vibrating bed. 2. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein the reactor is allowed to fall into the reactor. 13. The reactor of claim 3, wherein said spiral groove has means for returning particles below a predetermined size to the fluidization bed and transporting particles above a predetermined size to said discharge point. 14. The reactor of claim 13, wherein said means of said helical groove comprises an aperture in said groove. 15 such that the two streams of solid particles are injected into the reactor from separate feed means, the reactor further comprising overfeed means for injecting a stream of solid particles into the bed from the top surface of the solid particles; 2. A reactor according to claim 1, further comprising underfeed means for injecting a stream of solid particles into the bed from below the pan. 16. The vibrating bed means comprises a plurality of pans arranged with respect to each other to form successive chambers, such that the reactant solid particles of one chamber are fed to the next chamber for carrying out the next reaction. 1. A reactor according to claim 1. 17 Consisting of a fuel chamber, a combustion chamber, means for injecting solid fuel into the fuel chamber, means for injecting air into the combustion chamber, means for discharging exhaust gas from the combustion chamber, and a bed provided within the combustion chamber, In a heating device for the combustion of solid fuel particles of the type that leaves ash behind after combustion, the bed comprises a vibrating bed having a bottom and a discharge of fuel in the bed in one direction from the bottom onto the upper surface of the bed. said heating device further comprises: an inclined linear plate disposed towards said end; and vibration drive means for driving said pan to cause ash to rise up said inclined plate towards said discharge end; A heating device having means for discharging ash that has risen to the discharge end out of the furnace. 18 a housing having a base and an outer wall; a bottom and a generally flat, upwardly sloping plate for vibratory transfer of ash from the fuel to the exterior; a vibratory bed disposed in the base; a fuel supply means connected to the housing for supplying fuel into the bed; a combustion means regulated by the bed and forming part of the furnace; a solid fuel incinerator having means for injecting gas from the combustion chamber, means for discharging gas from the combustion chamber and means connected with the inclined plate of the vibrating bed for receiving ash. 19. A second air is injected into the fuel by being placed in the combustion means at a distance from the inclined plate, and by injecting the air at a position apart from the first air, a more complicated combustion is ensured. 19. A solid fuel combustion furnace according to claim 18, which is provided with means for carrying out the above operations.