JPH0452723B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Purpose of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a flowering method that allows artificially adjusting the flowering time of ornamental cut flower plants such as carnations, gentians, and gladioli, and stably supplies them in accordance with the demand period. It is. (Conventional technology) Traditionally, cut flower plants such as carnations and gentians have been cultivated by planting them in the spring and leaving them to the natural environment to bloom in the autumn of the following year, or by growing them in simple greenhouses or There are glass greenhouses that are set up and a year-round production system in which plants are usually planted in June and bloom in stages from October to around May of the following year. However, with any of these methods, the flowering period for gentians is limited to the autumn period from September to October, while for carnations, although the flowering period has a certain range, the peak is concentrated in a very limited fixed period. However, the arrival of that time is also subject to fluctuations depending on natural conditions and is difficult to predict. Therefore, it is difficult to provide a stable supply at the time the market demands, and not only is it impossible to meet the demands of customers, but when the balance is disrupted, the market may be ravaged by import attacks from foreign countries, or However, it has drawbacks such as workers being overworked during periods of tight demand such as Mother's Day. (Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention) The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to cut cut flowers that have grown to buds to an appropriate length, store them in a refrigerator under a certain environment, and store them at the demand period. The objective is to develop a flowering method that can provide cut flowers in accordance with the demand season by forcing flowers to bloom when the flowers arrive. At that time, since the present inventors live in Tochigi Prefecture, which is the main production area of Oya stone, the cave where the Oya stone was mined has excellent ethylene adsorption ability, constant temperature and humidity, and large heat storage capacity. This is an attempt to link this to the development of the above-mentioned flowering method. [Structure of the Invention] To explain the flowering method of the present invention, first, among ornamental cut flowers such as carnations, gentians, gladioli, and chrysanthemums, flowers excluding so-called branch plants such as cherry blossoms and plums are targeted; Under natural conditions,
Seedlings are raised by cuttings or sowing, and then planted in the field (see Figure 1). When the seedling grows and enters the stage of forming buds, the sepals begin to open, when the tips of the sepals open slightly or the tips of the petals change color slightly. Check that you have reached the previous or next stage. For example, in a carnation, the sepals look like a cross when viewed from above. At this stage before and after opening, a knife is inserted into the lower part of the stem to cut it so that the length of the bud and stem is at least slightly longer than the length used for cut flowers (see Figure 2). Next, it is preferable to spray a fungicide such as Captan or Benomyl over the entire vase and stem of the bud in order to prevent the development of disease due to a decline in the biological maintenance function during the storage period. In addition, buds begin to produce ethylene before and after the sepals open, but since ethylene is a substance that promotes ripening and aging of plants, it is desirable to suppress this generation from the standpoint of long-term preservation of cut flowers. First, the lower end of the stem of a cut flower is immersed in an ethylene inhibitor such as silver thiosulfate for about 3 hours to allow the inhibitor to penetrate into the flower vase where ethylene is generated. Next, add 50 pieces of this cut flower.
Approximately 100 plants are bundled together and sealed in an airtight casing such as a plastic bag or box to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide gas generated by the respiration of the plants inside and suppress the production of ethylene as much as possible. (See Figure 3).
Then, the cut flowers enclosed in the airtight casing are
In order to suppress growth, the temperature is kept at a low temperature of about 0 to 5 degrees Celsius,
It is preserved until the demand period when flowering is requested, but during this refrigerated preservation, the Oya stone mining site cave (located in Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture) has approximately 0 to
It is kept at a constant temperature of about 9℃, and its area is also
It is suitable to use this cave because it can cover a wide area of about 1000 meters (see Table 1). Furthermore, during this refrigerated storage, it is desirable to hang the cut flowers upside down as shown in FIG. 4, since water evaporation from the plants can be minimized. The cut flowers can be stored refrigerated for a maximum of about seven months, preferably for three to four months.

[Table] Now, when the above-mentioned refrigerated storage period has passed and the shipping time has arrived, the preserved cut flowers are transported to the flowering room and prepared for flowering. First, cut flowers are placed in the center of the flowering chamber, and artificial light is irradiated from around the top and sides of the flowers to encourage flower growth, which has been suppressed until now. Using artificial light such as a lamp is most efficient in terms of growth and freshness preservation (see Table 2).

[Table] Next, as shown in Figure 5, it is necessary to surround the flowering chamber with a material that has excellent ethylene adsorption ability, such as Oya stone, in order to maintain the freshness of the blooming flowers for a longer period of time. It is. In other words, Oya stone is academically included in tuffite soft stone materials, but its structure has a clinotylozeolite structure in the process of forming clinoprilolite, and has a structure in which there are many voids with pore diameters of about 10 μm. Therefore, ethylene gas is extremely likely to be trapped in these voids. As mentioned above, this ethylene increases the amount released as the sepals split, acts on the petals, causes the petals to roll in, and causes the petals to age in a short period of time. When Oya stone absorbs the ethylene scattered inside, the aging of the petals during the flowering process is suppressed, which is effective in producing long-lasting cut flowers that have good stringiness and freshness (Table 3).
reference). In addition to Oya stone, the substances excellent in ethylene adsorption ability include porous materials such as zeolite and activated carbon. As for this method of enclosing, it is preferable to surround the entire circumference with Oya stone, etc., but it may also be done partially on the side surfaces, ceiling, floor, etc., as long as the adsorption ability is exhibited. Furthermore, the optimal temperature and humidity conditions for promoting flowering are a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius and a humidity of 80% or more to facilitate the opening of petals. Since it contains a large amount of water and requires a large amount of heat to be stored, heating it with a heater or the like can extremely efficiently maintain a constant temperature and humidity environment. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a flowering chamber within the Oyaishi Cave from the viewpoint of temperature and humidity control in terms of ethylene absorption.

[Table] Next, 8-hydroxyquinolinic acid,
A flowering promoting liquid containing silver sulfate, sugar, etc. is stored and absorbed into the stem ducts (see Table 4). In this way, when the number of days of light irradiation has passed for about 5 to 7 days for carnations and 7 to 10 days for gentians, the cut flowers will fully grow and bloom in this short period of time, becoming beautiful flowers for viewing. can be shipped immediately in line with market demand (see Figure 6).

[Table] Example 1 Ears were harvested from the parent carnation plant leaving 4 to 5 nodes, cuttings were taken in June, and cultivated in a simple greenhouse.
Planted and pruned at the beginning of the month, and arranged so that each plant had 3 to 5 branches, large-flowered plants had one flower per stem, and spray-type plants had 5 to 6 flowers per stem. In November, the tips of the buds opened a little and the color of the petals became visible, so I cut them to a length of about 85cm, soaked them in 0.4mM silver thiosulfate solution, tied them together in about 100 pieces, and put them in a polyethylene film bag. sealed in the body. This was stored upside down for three months at a low temperature of approximately 2 degrees Celsius in a cave at the site of the Oya stone mining site. Next, 8-hydroxyquinolinic acid was grown in a flowering room in a cave at the site of the Oya stone mining site, at a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 80%.
A mixture of 200 ppm silver sulfate, 20 ppm silver sulfate, and 0.07 g/cc sugar was used as a flowering promoting solution, and the flowers were irradiated for 5 days using a sodium lamp as an artificial light source to cause them to bloom. As a result, we obtained carnations as shown in the table below.

[Table] Example 2 Gentian was sown in March, the seedlings were raised while being thinned out, and the seedlings were planted in April of the following year. When the plants reached a height of about 20 cm, they were grown with a net. In September, when one of the spike-shaped gentian buds has turned color, cut it into a length of about 85cm, soak it in a 0.4mM silver thiosulfate solution, and then cut it into a length of about 85cm.
About 100 pieces were bundled and sealed in a polyethylene film bag. This is placed in the cave of the Oya stone mining site for about 2 minutes.
It was stored upside down for 3 months at a low temperature of ℃.
Next, 8-hydroxyquinolinic acid was grown in a flowering room in a cave at the site of the Oya stone mining site, at a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 80%.
A mixture of 200 ppm of sugar, 0.07 g/cc of sugar, and 1 ppm of gibberellin was used as a flowering promoting solution, and the flowers were irradiated for 10 days using a sodium lamp as an artificial light source to cause them to bloom. As a result, we obtained gentians as shown in the table below.

[Table] Various conditions can be considered for the device used for forced flowering provided in the flowering chamber, one example of which is shown in FIG. That is, reference numeral 1 denotes a solution tank into which a predetermined volume of flowering promoting liquid can be poured, insertion holes 1a are bored in the four corners of the solution tank, and support columns 2 are installed therein so as to be freely insertable and removable. In two orthogonal directions of the support 2, stop pieces 3 having fitting holes 3a are provided at predetermined intervals in the height direction.
A rod-shaped frame 4 with both ends bent vertically downward in between.
is removably installed to form a cut flower hanging space S1. The insertion holes 1a at the four middle corners are as follows:
It is desirable to provide them at intermediate positions other than the four corners so that when the number of cut flowers is small, the interval between the frame spaces S1 can be narrowed. Then, at a predetermined intermediate position on the frame body 4, 10
Two partition frames 5 are hung on a pair of gutter-shaped mounting pieces 4a maintaining a width interval of approximately cm, and the two partition frames 5 are hung on the rack pieces 3a. A lighting space S2 is formed when cut flowers are put up. That is, by leaving cut flowers in the lighting space S2 as a space without leaning them against it, the structure is such that the irradiation light source can be introduced into the densely arranged cut flowers. Furthermore, a storage tank 6 for automatically supplying the flowering promoting liquid, which is equipped with a float valve 6a at the tip thereof, is placed facing the solution tank 1, so that the supply of the flowering promoting liquid that is absorbed as the cut flowers grow can be automated. It is desirable to have a structure. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention allows cut flowers to be delivered immediately and stably in accordance with the timing required by the market. Things that were causing harm, such as workers suffering from overwork, were wiped out.
In addition, the quality of the cut flowers after cultivation can be of high quality, with better color, shape, freshness retention, etc., compared to conventional products. Moreover, if the cave of the Oya stone mining site is used for this implementation, not only will an optimal environment for implementing the present invention be obtained, but the operating cost will also be extremely economical.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show embodiments of the present invention, and FIGS.
Fig. 6 shows the flowering method of the present invention, Fig. 1 is a front view showing the cultivation state of cut flower seedlings, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the cutting operation at the stage of forming buds, and Fig. 3 is a front view showing the cultivation state of cut flower seedlings.
The figure is a front view of a cut flower enclosed in a sealed casing, Figure 4 is a front view of a closed casing suspended upside down, and Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross-section of a flowering chamber set up in a cave at the site of Oya stone mining. FIG. 6 is a side view, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the shipping product, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an example of an artificial flowering device used in carrying out the flowering method of the present invention. 1... Solution tank, 2... Strut, 3... Stop piece, 4...
...Frame body, 5...Division frame.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A seedling of a cut flower plant is grown until a bud is formed, and the sepals of the bud are cut to an appropriate length around the time when they begin to open, and the cut flower is sealed in an airtight casing. Then, it is stored in a low temperature environment of about 0℃ to 5℃, and when the time for shipping arrives, it is transported to a flowering chamber surrounded by a material with excellent ethylene adsorption ability, such as Oya stone, and artificially grown in the flowering chamber. An artificial flowering method for cut flowers characterized by irradiating the cut flowers with light and absorbing a flowering promoting liquid from the lower end of the stem to cause the cut flowers to bloom. 2. Claim 1 in which the artificial light rays consist of any one or a combination of two or more of sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, and fluorescent lamps.
Artificial flowering method for cut flowers as described in section.