JPH0448404B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention can be used as a filter for plant cultivation under strong solar radiation conditions such as in summer, and
The present invention relates to a filter device that can be used as a translucent window in a building.

(Prior art) Generally, the growth of most plants is suppressed under strong solar radiation conditions such as summer, so it is necessary to sow vegetables etc. so that they can be harvested by then, or to Under sunlight conditions, methods such as using cheesecloth or using an air conditioner are taken.

Furthermore, in the field of construction, which is a field different from plant cultivation, sunshades such as blinds and curtains are used to effectively cool indoor rooms while avoiding strong solar radiation in the summer.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, when cheesecloth is used in plant cultivation, the harm caused by high temperatures is alleviated, but since cheesecloth basically brings things under it into a shaded state, There is a problem in that they simultaneously block not only heat rays (infrared rays) that are harmful to plant growth, but also visible light that is necessary for plant growth. Furthermore, when using the above-mentioned cooling device, temperature control is difficult;
There is a problem that running costs are high.

Furthermore, although the blinds, curtains, etc. used in the construction field can alleviate the damage caused by high temperatures, they also block visible light, resulting in a dark room.

By the way, from the viewpoint of absorbing heat rays, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 109651/1982, there are filters in which a liquid that absorbs infrared rays, specifically water, is sealed in a cell, and A filter with low heat ray transmission made of a synthetic resin composition containing a ferrocyanide complex salt as disclosed in Publication No. 17403, and a filter made by adding ferrous oxide to inorganic glass as described in the conventional explanation section of the publication. A filter is already known.

However, with a filter that simply seals water or something equivalent to water, as shown by the broken line in Figure 3, although light in the infrared wavelength region is cut out, the extent of the cut is small, and this is insufficient to prevent high-temperature damage. I can't.

In addition, resin filters containing ferrocyanide complex salts have extremely low cut-off rates for light in the infrared wavelength range, and not only cannot effectively prevent high-temperature damage, but the resin used deteriorates when exposed to strong sunlight, resulting in poor durability. There is also the problem of a lack of resources. Furthermore, there is also the problem that ferrocyanide complex salts are decomposed by sunlight.

Furthermore, although heat ray absorption is observed in inorganic glasses to which ferrous oxide is added, the cut rate is low, and high-temperature damage cannot be effectively prevented. In addition, it requires equipment for incorporating ferrous oxide into the glass, making it difficult to manufacture.

Separately from the conventional example, the present inventor has devised a filter in which a solution obtained by adding about 1% of copper cyanide, cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, copper sulfate, etc. to water is sealed between transparent plates. I tried it, but with this kind of filter,
As illustrated in Figure 3 (see the dot-dashed line), a filter using copper cyanide largely cuts out light in the ultraviolet wavelength region and light in the infrared wavelength region, which are thought to hinder plant growth. 0.5μ to 0.7μ considered necessary for plant growth after germination
There was a problem that some of the visible light in the wavelength range was also cut out. In addition, the liquid had a pale blue color, making it unsuitable for use as window bodies in buildings.

Therefore, the present invention significantly blocks light in the infrared wavelength region and ultraviolet wavelength region, which is thought to hinder plant growth and which is undesirable for the human body if too much is present. We aim to provide a filter device that can collect light in the necessary visible light wavelength range without any hindrance, has excellent durability, is easy to manufacture, and is useful for use in plant cultivation, lighting in general buildings, etc. Take it as a challenge.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention, as a result of research, first of all, from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture and durability, contained a water-based liquid between the transparent plates. We decided to use a filter of this type.

In order to give this liquid the property of significantly blocking light in the ultraviolet and infrared wavelength ranges, and the property of allowing visible light to pass through, we added various materials and experimented, and we were able to obtain the properties described above. While most of the materials are difficult to dissolve in water, such as ferrous oxide, or those that color the water, ferrous sulfate and/or ammonium sulfate are used as the basic base for water. It has been found that if an appropriate amount is added, the above properties can be satisfied without coloring the liquid.
In addition to being transparent, ferrous sulfate and ferrous ammonium sulfate are also excellent in solar radiation resistance, heat resistance, durability, and non-toxicity.

However, if ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate is added to water and left as is, these will react with the water and gradually form precipitates and precipitates, so materials to prevent this are required. We also decided to add

Such materials must not generate precipitates or precipitates by their addition, do not cause coloring of the liquid, and do not cause precipitates or precipitates even at high temperatures due to strong solar radiation. It must be free of coloring.

Therefore, the inventor of the present invention tried adding various materials to such materials and found that adding an appropriate amount of sulfuric acid was optimal.

Furthermore, when oxalic acid was added to a liquid based on water with ferrous sulfate and/or ferrous ammonium sulfate added, the liquid turned pale green and precipitation of ferrous oxalate occurred. . Even if ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate was added, the ferric hydroxide generated in the liquid could not be reduced. When phosphoric acid was added, the mixture turned light green and precipitation of ferrous phosphate occurred. When sodium thiosulfate was added, sulfur precipitated at 60°C under strong solar radiation conditions. Addition of ammonia resulted in precipitation of ferric hydroxide. When sulfite or hyposulfite was added, SO ₂ was generated due to temperature rise.

Based on the above knowledge, the present invention is based on water as a basic base, to which ferrous sulfate and/or ammonium sulfate is added, and a liquid obtained by adding sulfuric acid to two sheets facing each other. The present invention provides a water filter device characterized in that the water filter device is housed in a sealed state between transparent plates of the water filter device.

The distance between the two transparent plates to accommodate the liquid can be obtained, for example, by providing a spacing forming frame between the outer peripheral edges of the two transparent plates. In this case, it is desirable that spacing members be distributed and installed between both the transparent plates inside the frame.

Furthermore, in order to block heat passage more effectively, one or more transparent plates may be provided along one of the two transparent plates to form one or more heat-insulating space layers.

(Function) According to the water filter device of the present invention, of the light that passes through it, light in the ultraviolet and infrared wavelength ranges is largely blocked, while most of the light in the visible wavelength range passes through without being blocked.

When providing the spacer between both transparent plates,
Even when used in a vertically oriented state, mutual bending contact at the upper part and abnormal bulge at the lower part are suppressed.

When the heat insulating space layer is provided, the passage of heat is thereby further suppressed.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

First, a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

The water filter device A of this embodiment includes two transparent plates 1 and 2, a gap forming frame 3, a gap holder 4,
The liquid 5 has an ultraviolet and infrared absorbing effect.

The transparent plates 1 and 2 are 3m x 3 in this embodiment.
The transparent plate 1 on the outer side has a thickness of 5 mm, and the transparent plate on the inner side has a thickness of 3 mm.

The spacing forming frame 3 is a frame body that allows both the transparent plates 1 and 2 to face each other with a constant distance a therebetween, and is provided in a state where it is sandwiched between the outer peripheral edges of both the transparent plates 1 and 2.

In this embodiment, the spacing forming frame 3 is made of a glass plate with a thickness of 5 mm, and the spacing a between the transparent plates 1 and 2 is 5 mm.

The transparent plates 1, 2 and the spacing frame 3 are bonded together with a water-resistant adhesive, and the liquid 5 is contained in the spacing a in a sealed state.

The spacing member 4 is used to prevent the gap a between the transparent plates 1 and 2 from narrowing and coming into close contact with each other at the top or bulging out at the bottom due to large bending of the transparent plates 1 and 2, gravity of the liquid, etc. In this embodiment, a plurality of cylindrical spacing bodies 4 are interposed between both the transparent plates 1 and 2 at the required vertical and horizontal spacing (approximately 40 cm spacing). Only one side is connected to one transparent plate 1.

The liquid 5 having the ultraviolet and infrared absorbing effect
is a liquid that can block the transmission of light in the ultraviolet wavelength region and infrared wavelength region without impairing the transmission of light in the visible wavelength region, and in this example, water (H ₂ O) is used as the basic base, In addition, ferrous sulfate (FeSO ₂ 7H ₂ O) or ferrous ammonium sulfate (Fe
(NH ₄ ) ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₂ ) and sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ₄ ).

Note that the water used as the basic base is pure water that does not contain impurities and is boiled several times or sterilized and degassed by vacuum degassing or the like. This is because if the water used contains air or impurities, air bubbles may occur while using the filter device.
This is done to prevent fogging from occurring on the inner surfaces of the transparent plates 1 and 2.

In addition, the ferrous sulfate and ferrous ammonium sulfate transmit light in the ultraviolet wavelength region and infrared wavelength region that suppresses plant growth without impairing the transmission of light in the visible wavelength region necessary for plant growth. It has a significant cutting effect, and also acts as an anti-freezing agent and an anti-algae agent.

Further, the sulfuric acid allows a liquid obtained by adding ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate to the water as a basic base to maintain the above-mentioned functions, and
This is to prevent the formation of precipitates or precipitates due to chemical reactions.

This sulfuric acid contributes to preventing a reduction in visible light transmittance due to coloring of water and clouding of both transparent plates 1 and 2, and therefore, the addition of this sulfuric acid maintains the transparent state of the liquid 5. .

In addition, Figure 3 shows the water (10
It is a characteristic diagram of the transmission spectrum of light in mm),
Dotted line is water ( _H2O ) only, solid line is water ( _H2O )
with 1% ferrous sulfate (FeSO ₄ 7H ₂ O) and 0.1%
When sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ₄ ) was added, the dashed line shows the case when 1% copper cyanide was added to water (H ₂ O).

As is clear from this characteristic diagram, when only water (H ₂ O) is used, light in the ultraviolet wavelength range (0.39μ or less) is largely blocked, but light in the infrared wavelength region (0.7μ or more) is almost completely blocked. It is not cut, and therefore it is not possible to prevent high temperature damage under strong solar radiation conditions.

Next, in the case of the conventional example in which copper cyanide is added to water (H ₂ O), not only light in the ultraviolet wavelength region (0.39μ or less) but also light in the infrared wavelength region (0.7μ or more) is significantly cut out. However, in this conventional example, some of the light in the visible wavelength range (0.39μ to 0.7μ), as well as the light in the 0.5μ to 0.7μ wavelength region, can be prevented. It is cut.

As a result of a plant cultivation experiment using a water filter device using this copper cyanide, it was found that although germination was promoted, there was a problem in that subsequent growth was stopped. Although the cause of this is not clear, the partially cut 0.5 μ~
It is thought that visible light in the wavelength range of 0.7μ has an important relationship with plant growth.

Next, when 1% ferrous sulfate (FeSO ₄ 7H ₂ O) and 0.1% sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ₄ ) were added to water (H ₂ O), they were found to be essential for plant growth. Light in the ultraviolet wavelength region (0.39μ or less), which is thought to have the effect of suppressing plant growth, and infrared wavelength region ( 0.7μ or more) is significantly cut out.

Then, when we conducted a cultivation experiment of plants (tomatoes, spinach) using water filter device A using a liquid obtained by adding ferrous sulfate and sulfuric acid to this water, we found that under strong solar radiation conditions, the above-mentioned copper cyanide was used. Although germination itself is somewhat slower than with the conventional water filter device, subsequent growth is greatly promoted, and the growth power is more than three times that of the case where water filter device A is not used. There was found.

As is clear from the above experimental results, water is the basic base, and the ultraviolet and infrared wavelength regions suppress plant growth without cutting out much of the visible light wavelength region necessary for plant growth. By using a liquid containing ferrous sulfate, which significantly cuts out light, it is possible to eliminate high temperature damage without inhibiting plant growth even under strong sunlight such as midsummer. According to , the stronger the solar radiation, the more light in the visible wavelength range, which is thought to include light in the wavelength range that promotes plant growth, increases the growth potential of plants, and therefore, By using the water filter device A of this embodiment as a plant cultivation filter,
Contrary to conventional wisdom, high yields can be achieved only in the summer when sunlight is strong.

Further, by adding sulfuric acid, it is possible to prevent coloring of the liquid due to conversion of ferrous sulfate to ferric sulfate and clouding of the transparent plates 1 and 2 due to precipitation of iron.

In addition, there is a part of light in the ultraviolet wavelength range that suppresses the elongation of plants (a phenomenon in which the pigment becomes thinner and the height grows abnormally), and if this part is cut, the plants will usually become elongated. However, the vegetables grown using this water filter device A did not have such elongation, and were also excellent in quality, such as having less fiber and being soft.

As mentioned above, it is not clear why the quality is superior, but when this device is used, the amount of moisture absorbed is extremely large, so it is probably possible to improve the quality of the leaves by avoiding high-temperature damage. This is thought to be because the stomata open larger and transpiration becomes more active. In other words, for plants, water not only hydrates cells and maintains body tension, but also
This is because it is a direct element of photosynthesis and plays an extremely important role in transporting photosynthetic components produced in the body to the necessary parts of the body.Vegetables in particular are succulent and absorb water smoothly. This is because it is an essential condition for growth.

Furthermore, since the water filter device A of this embodiment hardly cuts out light in the visible light wavelength range,
When used as a translucent window for general architecture, it becomes possible to significantly cut out only ultraviolet rays and heat rays (infrared rays) without compromising brightness.

Furthermore, even if the liquid 5 is contained in a sealed state, the thermal expansion of the liquid 5 (approximately 3% expansion when the liquid temperature is 70°C) is absorbed by the bending action of both transparent plates 1 and 2.
Both transparent plates 1 and 2 will not be damaged.

In addition, by interposing the spacing member 4 between both transparent plates 1 and 2, when the water filter device A is used in a vertically erect state, mutual flexure and close contact at the upper part and abnormal bulge at the lower part can be prevented. Such inconveniences can be resolved.

In other words, there is no problem if the vertical length of water filter device A is short, but if it is long, water filter device A
The difference in water pressure between the upper and lower parts of the liquid 5 is large;
Moreover, since the amount of deflection of both transparent plates 1 and 2 also increases, in the lower part of water filter device A, both transparent plates 1 and 2
The gap a between the transparent plates 1 and 2 expands, and conversely contracts in the upper part, causing the inner surfaces of both transparent plates 1 and 2 to come into close contact with each other, which causes not only the above-mentioned effect of the liquid 5 to disappear in the upper part, but also At the bottom, transparent plates 1 and 2 are damaged due to high water pressure and large deformation of transparent plates 1 and 2.
2 may be damaged, but if a plurality of cylindrical spacing members 4 are interposed between both the transparent plates 1 and 2 with the required vertical and horizontal spacing in a dispersed state, the change in the spacing a can be prevented. Since the movement of the liquid 5 in the downward direction is prevented, damage to the transparent plates 1 and 2 can be prevented, and changes in the thickness of the liquid 5 can also be restricted.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 will be described.

The water filter device A of this second embodiment is an example in which a heat insulating space layer B is added to the water filter device A of the first embodiment.

That is, this heat-insulating space layer B has a transparent plate 2 on the inner side.
and a transparent plate 20 further formed on the outer surface thereof, and the heat insulating space layer B is formed between the space forming frame 30 and the transparent plate 20 further formed on the outer surface thereof.
It is formed into a hermetically sealed shape.

Furthermore, a plurality of cylindrical spacing bodies 40 are interposed between the transparent plates 2 and 20 and are dispersed at required vertical and horizontal intervals.

Note that the inside of the heat insulating space layer B may be filled with air or kept in a vacuum state, and when air is filled, dry air is used to prevent the inner surfaces of the transparent plates 2 and 20 from fogging up with water vapor. .

In this example, the thickness of the heat insulating space layer B is 5.
The transparent plate 20 is made of plate glass having a thickness of 5 mm.

Therefore, in this second embodiment, even if the temperature of the liquid 5 increases due to the absorption of infrared rays of a certain wavelength or more, the existence of the heat-insulating space layer B prevents heat from flowing in the direction of the heat-insulating space layer B. Since the transmission is suppressed, the temperature rise suppressing effect is further improved.

Since the other structural functions are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same figure and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 will be described.

The water filter device A of this third embodiment is an example in which the heat-insulating space layer B shown in the second embodiment is formed twice.

Since the other structural functions are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are attached to the drawings and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 will be described.

The water filter device A of the fourth embodiment has both transparent plates 1 and 2, a gap forming frame 3, and a plate-shaped gap holder 4 formed by extrusion molding of a synthetic resin material such as polycarbonate or acrylic. This is an example in which they are formed integrally and both opening end faces are closed with a lid body 6. The liquid 5 is sealed inside.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the present invention may be modified without departing from the gist of the present invention. included.

For example, in the embodiment, a case is shown in which plate glass is used as each of the transparent plates 1, 2, and 20, but the invention is not limited to this, and transparent synthetic resin plates such as transparent vinyl chloride or polycarbonate may also be used. A resin plate may be used, or a plate glass and a synthetic resin plate may be combined.

Further, the thicknesses of each of the transparent plates 1, 2, 20, the interval a, and the heat-insulating space layer B are arbitrary and determined individually depending on the purpose.

In addition, in the first to third embodiments, the spacing members 4, 4
0 is assumed to be connected to one transparent plate only on one side, but both sides may be connected to each other, and the shape and size are arbitrary. For example, the distance a can be vertically or
It may be in the form of a partition plate that is divided horizontally.

In addition, the amount of ferrous sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and sulfuric acid added to water can mainly allow the desired light to pass through, preventing fogging and precipitates on the transparent plate.
It is optional as long as the generation of precipitates can be suppressed.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a water filter device that has the following advantages, has good durability, and is relatively easy to manufacture.

Water is the basic base, and sulfuric acid is added to it, which cuts out almost no visible light wavelength range necessary for plant growth, but significantly cuts both ultraviolet wavelength range and infrared wavelength range light that suppresses plant growth. 1 iron and/or ammonium sulfate 1st
By storing the iron-added liquid in a sealed state, it is possible to eliminate high-temperature damage without suppressing plant growth even under strong solar radiation conditions such as midsummer. The stronger the strength, the greater the amount of light transmitted in the wavelength range that promotes plant growth, which in turn increases the growth power of plants. Contrary to common sense, high yields can be achieved only in the summer when sunlight is strong.

Adding sulfuric acid prevents harmful effects such as coloring of the liquid due to chemical reactions between ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate and water, and clouding of transparent plates and clouding of liquid due to precipitates such as iron. can.

In addition, since it hardly cuts out light in the visible wavelength range, it can be used as a translucent window for general architecture, and can largely block only ultraviolet rays and heat rays without sacrificing brightness.

Although the liquid is contained in a sealed state, the thermal expansion of the liquid is absorbed by the bending action of both transparent plates, so that both transparent bodies are not damaged.

When spacers are distributed between both transparent plates, mutual bending contact at the upper part and abnormal bulge at the lower part can be suppressed even when the whole is used in a vertically erected state.

When a heat insulating space layer is formed along one of the transparent plates sealing the liquid, this layer can more effectively prevent the passage of heat.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a water filter device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of the first embodiment with a cutaway, and Fig. 3 is a diagram of light transmission spectrum characteristics. , FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the second embodiment, FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the third embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of essential parts of the fourth embodiment. A... Water filter device, 1, 2, 20... Transparent plate, a... Clear plate spacing, 3, 30... Spacing forming frame, 4, 40... Spacing holder, 5... Liquid, B...
...insulating spatial layer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A liquid made of water as a basic base, to which ferrous sulfate and/or ammonium sulfate is added, and sulfuric acid added thereto, is applied to two transparent plates arranged facing each other. A water filter device characterized in that the water filter device is housed in a sealed state between the water filters. 2. Claim 1, wherein a space forming frame is provided between the outer peripheral edges of both the transparent plates, and space holders are installed distributed between the two transparent plates inside the frame.
Water filter device as described in section. 3 A liquid based on water, to which ferrous sulfate and/or ferrous ammonium sulfate are added, and sulfuric acid added thereto, is stored in a sealed state between two transparent plates placed opposite each other. A water filter device characterized in that one or more transparent plates are provided along one of the two transparent plates to form one or more heat-insulating space layers.