JPH0446069A - Method for bonding members different in quality - Google Patents

Method for bonding members different in quality

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Publication number
JPH0446069A
JPH0446069A JP15363590A JP15363590A JPH0446069A JP H0446069 A JPH0446069 A JP H0446069A JP 15363590 A JP15363590 A JP 15363590A JP 15363590 A JP15363590 A JP 15363590A JP H0446069 A JPH0446069 A JP H0446069A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
top plate
alloy
aluminum alloy
skirt member
wear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP15363590A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akihide Takami
明秀 高見
Yasuaki Ishida
恭聡 石田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mazda Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Mazda Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mazda Motor Corp filed Critical Mazda Motor Corp
Priority to JP15363590A priority Critical patent/JPH0446069A/en
Publication of JPH0446069A publication Critical patent/JPH0446069A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Forging (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the bonding strength by applying a diffusible metal on at least one of the bonding parts of the wear-resistant member and Al-alloy member, bonding both members by a plastic flow and then thermally hardening the Al-alloy member. CONSTITUTION:A brazing Al alloy having a lower m.p. than an Al alloy constituting a skirt member 2 is applied on the groove of a discoid top plate 1 consisting of Si3N4, etc., as the wear-resistant member having the groove on the periphery of an annular protrusion 1a. The skirt member 2 is heated to soften the Al alloy and to melt the brazing Al alloy, and the top plate is bonded to the skirt member 2. The top plate 1 coated with the brazing alloy is then set in a metallic mold with the rear side directed upward, and then the heated skirt member 2 is placed on the peripheral end of the rear of the top plate 1. The inner peripheral edge 2a of the skirt member 2 is pressed in its axial direction and allowed to plastically flow toward the groove of the annular protrusion 1a of the top plate 1, hence the top plate 1 and the skirt member 2 are bonded, and the assembly is thermally hardened.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、耐摩耗性部材とアルミニウム合金製部材とを
塑性流動結合させる異種材質部材の接合方法に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for joining members made of different materials by plastic flow bonding a wear-resistant member and an aluminum alloy member.

(従来の技術) 高出力で低燃費を要求される自動車用レシブロケーティ
ングエンジンの動弁系に用いられるバルブリフターのよ
うに、耐摩耗性を確保しつつ慣性質量の低減を求められ
ている部材においては、カム及びバルブステムに当接す
る天板にはセラミックスやスチール等からなる耐摩耗性
部材を用い、スカート部には軽量のアルミニウム合金製
部材を用いることが好ましい。
(Prior technology) Valve lifters used in the valve train of automobile reciprocating engines that require high output and low fuel consumption are required to reduce inertial mass while ensuring wear resistance. As for the members, it is preferable to use a wear-resistant member made of ceramics, steel, etc. for the top plate that contacts the cam and the valve stem, and to use a lightweight aluminum alloy member for the skirt portion.

そこで、上記のように耐摩耗性を確保しつつ慣性質量の
低減を求められる部材を製造するために、異種材質部材
からなる耐摩耗性部材とアルミニウム合金製部材とを特
開昭61−42445号公報に示されるように塑性流動
結合させて接合する方法が提案されている。
Therefore, in order to manufacture a member that requires a reduction in inertial mass while ensuring wear resistance as described above, a wear-resistant member made of different materials and an aluminum alloy member were manufactured in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-42445. As shown in the publication, a method of joining by plastic flow bonding has been proposed.

(発明が解決しようとする課題) しかるに、耐摩耗性部材とアルミニウム合金製部材とを
塑性流動結合させる場合、両者の接合力を向上させるた
めアルミニウム合金製部材に加える加圧力を大きくする
と、耐摩耗性部材が大きな曲げモーメントを受けるため
、該耐摩耗性部材にクラックが生しるという問題が発生
する。
(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, when plastic flow bonding is performed between a wear-resistant member and an aluminum alloy member, increasing the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy member in order to improve the bonding force between the two will improve the wear resistance. Since the wear-resistant member is subjected to a large bending moment, a problem arises in that the wear-resistant member cracks.

逆に、耐摩耗性部材に発生するクラックを防止するため
アルミニウム合金製部材に加える加圧力を小さくすると
、両者間に満足できる接合力が得られないという問題が
ある。
On the other hand, if the pressure applied to the aluminum alloy member is reduced in order to prevent cracks from occurring in the wear-resistant member, there is a problem in that a satisfactory bonding force between the two cannot be obtained.

上記に鑑みて本発明は、耐摩耗性部材とアルミニウム合
金製部材との接合力を確保しつつ、耐摩耗性部材に発生
するクラックを防止することを目的とする。
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to prevent cracks from occurring in the wear-resistant member while ensuring bonding strength between the wear-resistant member and the aluminum alloy member.

(課題を解決するための手段) 上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、硬化熱処理され
ていないアルミニウム合金製部材を低い加圧力で押圧す
ることにより、耐摩耗性部材にクラックを発生させるこ
となくアルミニウム合金製部材を十分に塑性流動させる
ものである。
(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for generating cracks in a wear-resistant member by pressing an aluminum alloy member that has not been hardened and heat-treated with a low pressing force. This allows the aluminum alloy member to flow sufficiently plastically.

具体的に本発明が講じた解決手段は、耐摩耗性部材とア
ルミニウム合金製部材とを塑性流動結合させる異種材質
部材の接合方法を対象とするものであって、耐摩耗性部
材と硬化熱処理されていないアルミニウム合金製部材と
を準備し、両者における各々の結合部のうちの少なくと
も一方に拡散性金属を塗布した後、これら両者を塑性流
動結合させ、しかる後、アルミニウム合金製部材に対し
て硬化熱処理を施す構成とするものである。
Specifically, the solution taken by the present invention is directed to a method of joining members made of different materials by plastic flow bonding a wear-resistant member and an aluminum alloy member. After applying a diffusible metal to at least one of the joint parts of the two, the two are bonded by plastic flow, and then hardened to the aluminum alloy member. The structure is such that heat treatment is performed.

(作用) 上記の構成により、耐摩耗性部材と硬化熱処理されてい
ないアルミニウム合金製部材とを塑性流動結合させるた
め、低い加圧力で押圧してもアルミニウム合金製部材は
十分に塑性流動することができる。
(Function) With the above configuration, the wear-resistant member and the aluminum alloy member that has not been hardened and heat treated are bonded by plastic flow, so the aluminum alloy member can sufficiently plastically flow even when pressed with a low pressing force. can.

また、アルミニウム合金部材に対する硬化熱処理工程に
おいて、結合部に塗布された拡散性金属が耐摩耗性部材
中に拡散する。
Further, in the hardening heat treatment process for the aluminum alloy member, the diffusible metal applied to the joint portion diffuses into the wear-resistant member.

(実施例) 以下、本発明の第1実施例として、耐摩耗性部材として
の窒化硅素セラミックスからなる天板1と、アルミニウ
ム合金製部材としてのアルミニウム合金(調質後の引張
強度:35kgf/mm2以上)からなるスカート部材
2とを塑性流動結合により接合する方法について説明す
る。
(Example) Hereinafter, as a first example of the present invention, a top plate 1 made of silicon nitride ceramics as a wear-resistant member and an aluminum alloy as an aluminum alloy member (tensile strength after tempering: 35 kgf/mm2) will be described. A method of joining the skirt member 2 made of the above) by plastic flow bonding will be explained.

まず、第1図に示すように、裏面に設けられた環状突部
1aの外周面に結合部としての溝部を有する円板状の天
板1を準備し、該天板1の上記溝部に、BA4047 
(AI−12S i) 、BA4145 (AI−10
Si−4Cu−0,15Cr)、BA4245 (Al
−10Si−4Cu−10Zn)等からなり、スカート
部材2を構成するアルミニウム合金よりも低い融点を有
するアルミニウムろう材を塗布する。
First, as shown in FIG. 1, a disk-shaped top plate 1 having a groove as a coupling part on the outer peripheral surface of an annular protrusion 1a provided on the back surface is prepared, and in the groove of the top plate 1, BA4047
(AI-12S i), BA4145 (AI-10
Si-4Cu-0,15Cr), BA4245 (Al
-10Si-4Cu-10Zn), etc., and has a lower melting point than the aluminum alloy constituting the skirt member 2.

一方、スカート部材2を、アルミニウムろう材が溶融す
る一方該スカート部材2を構成するアルミニウム合金が
軟化する程度に加熱する。このようにすると、アルミニ
ウムろう材は溶融してスカート部材2を構成するアルミ
ニウム合金と結合する。
On the other hand, the skirt member 2 is heated to such an extent that the aluminum brazing material is melted and the aluminum alloy constituting the skirt member 2 is softened. In this way, the aluminum brazing material is melted and combined with the aluminum alloy forming the skirt member 2.

次に、アルミニウムろう材が塗布された天板1をその裏
面側が上になるようプレス用金型(図示していない)に
セットした後、該天板1の裏面周縁部に、上記加熱され
たスカート部材2を載置する。
Next, the top plate 1 coated with aluminum brazing material is set in a press mold (not shown) so that its back side faces up, and then the heated Place the skirt member 2.

次に、図示していない加圧パンチによってスカート部材
2の内周縁部2aを軸方向に押圧し、該スカート部材2
の内周縁部2aを内側つまり天板1の環状突部1aの溝
部の方に塑性流動させて天板1とスカート部材2とを塑
性流動結合させる。
Next, the inner circumferential edge 2a of the skirt member 2 is pressed in the axial direction by a pressure punch (not shown), and the skirt member 2 is
The inner peripheral edge 2a of the top plate 1 is caused to plastically flow toward the inner side, that is, toward the groove of the annular protrusion 1a of the top plate 1, thereby plastically flowing the top plate 1 and the skirt member 2 together.

尚、天板1とスカート部材2との塑性流動結合の方法と
しては、第2図に示すように、環状突部1aの内周面に
溝部を有する円板状の天板1を準備し、スカート部材2
の内周縁部2aを軸方向に押圧して該内周縁部2aを外
側に塑性流動させてもよいし、第3図に示すように、環
状突部1aの外周面に溝部を有する円板状の天板1を準
備し、スカート部材2の下端周縁部を径方向に押圧して
該内周縁部2aを内側に塑性流動させてもよい。
In addition, as a method of plastic flow coupling between the top plate 1 and the skirt member 2, as shown in FIG. Skirt member 2
The inner peripheral edge 2a may be pressed in the axial direction to cause the inner peripheral edge 2a to plastically flow outward, or as shown in FIG. Alternatively, a top plate 1 may be prepared, and the lower end peripheral edge of the skirt member 2 may be pressed in the radial direction to cause the inner peripheral edge 2a to plastically flow inward.

次に、第4図に示すように、スカート部材2を、例えば
480℃の温度下で0.5〜1.Ohr保持して溶体化
処理した後180℃の温度下で4〜6hr保持して時効
処理することにより、硬化熱処理としてのT6処理を施
してバルブリフター3を得る。
Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the skirt member 2 is heated, for example, at a temperature of 0.5 to 1. The valve lifter 3 is obtained by performing a T6 treatment as a hardening heat treatment by performing a solution treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 4 to 6 hours and performing an aging treatment.

以上のようにすると、スカート部材2はT6処理によっ
て所望の引張強度(35kgf/mm2以上)を得るこ
とができると共に、アルミニウムろう材中の拡散性金属
、つまりA1%SL%Cu。
By doing so, the skirt member 2 can obtain the desired tensile strength (35 kgf/mm2 or more) by the T6 treatment, and the diffusible metal in the aluminum brazing material, that is, A1%SL%Cu.

Cr或いはZnが天板1を構成する窒化硅素セラミック
ス中に拡散して拡散層(化合物層)を形成するので、天
板1とスカート部材2とが強固に結合する。その結果、
アルミニウムろう材を塗布しない場合のバルブリフター
3の耐荷重が約550kg程度であるのに対して、本実
施例のバルブリフター3の耐荷重は約640kgに向上
する。
Since Cr or Zn diffuses into the silicon nitride ceramic constituting the top plate 1 to form a diffusion layer (compound layer), the top plate 1 and the skirt member 2 are firmly bonded. the result,
While the load capacity of the valve lifter 3 without aluminum brazing material is approximately 550 kg, the load capacity of the valve lifter 3 of this embodiment is increased to approximately 640 kg.

尚、上記実施例におけるT6処理に代えて、硬化熱処理
として、塑性流動結合後のスカート部材2を例えば48
0℃の温度下で0,5〜1.Oh「保持して溶体化処理
することによりT5処理を施してもよいし、また、アル
ミニウムろう材を、天板1の溝部に塗布する代わりにス
カート部材2の結合部に塗布してもよい。
Incidentally, instead of the T6 treatment in the above embodiment, the skirt member 2 after plastic flow bonding is subjected to hardening heat treatment, for example, 48
0.5~1. at a temperature of 0°C. Oh' T5 treatment may be performed by holding and solution treatment, and aluminum brazing material may be applied to the joint part of the skirt member 2 instead of being applied to the groove part of the top plate 1.

以下、本発明の第2実施例を、上記第1実施例と異なる
点を中心に説明する。
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below, focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.

まず、スカート部材2を構成するT6処理されたアルミ
ニウム合金(引張強度:35kgf/mm2以上)をな
まして低硬度にさせる。そして、上記第1実施例と同様
、アルミニウムろう材が塗布された天板1をプレス用金
型にセットした後、該天板1の裏面周縁部に常温のスカ
ート部材2を載置する。
First, the T6-treated aluminum alloy (tensile strength: 35 kgf/mm2 or more) constituting the skirt member 2 is annealed to have a low hardness. As in the first embodiment, the top plate 1 coated with aluminum brazing material is set in a press mold, and then the skirt member 2 at room temperature is placed on the peripheral edge of the back surface of the top plate 1.

次に、上記第1実施例と同様、加圧パンチによって天板
1とスカート部材2とを塑性流動結合させる。
Next, as in the first embodiment, the top plate 1 and the skirt member 2 are joined together by plastic flow using a pressure punch.

以上のようにすると、上記第1実施例と同様、アルミニ
ウムろう材中の拡散性金属が窒化硅素セラミックス中に
拡散して拡散層を形成するため、天板1とスカート部材
2とが強固に結合する。
In the above manner, as in the first embodiment, the diffusible metal in the aluminum brazing material diffuses into the silicon nitride ceramic to form a diffusion layer, so that the top plate 1 and the skirt member 2 are firmly connected. do.

この場合、T6処理されたアルミニウム合金をそのまま
用いると、天板1にクラックを発生させないため4.0
Tonの加圧力でしかスカート部材2を抑圧できなかっ
たのに対して、本実施例では7.0Tonの加圧力で押
圧できるので、スカート部材2の内周縁部2aを天板1
の環状突部1aの溝部に十分に塑性流動させることがで
きる。
In this case, if the T6-treated aluminum alloy is used as it is, the cracks will not occur in the top plate 1, so the
Whereas the skirt member 2 could only be suppressed with a pressing force of 7.0 tons, in this embodiment it can be pressed with a pressing force of 7.0 tons, so the inner peripheral edge 2a of the skirt member 2 can be pressed against the top plate 1.
Sufficient plastic flow can be caused in the groove of the annular protrusion 1a.

その結果、T6処理されたアルミニウム合金をそのまま
用いる場合のバルブリフター3の耐荷重が約460kg
であるのに対して、本実施例のバルブリフター3の耐荷
重は約670kgに向上する。
As a result, the load capacity of the valve lifter 3 when using T6-treated aluminum alloy as is is approximately 460 kg.
On the other hand, the load capacity of the valve lifter 3 of this embodiment is improved to about 670 kg.

また、なまし処理したアルミニウム合金を用−いる一方
アルミニウムろう材を塗布しない場合には、バルブリフ
ター3の耐荷重は約580kgである。
Further, when an annealed aluminum alloy is used but no aluminum brazing material is applied, the load capacity of the valve lifter 3 is about 580 kg.

尚、上記第1及び第2実施例においては、天板1は窒化
硅素セラミックスで構成されていたが、これに代えて、
スチールからなる天板1とアルミニウム合金製スカート
部材2とを塑性流動結合させる場合にも、本発明の接合
方法を適用することができる。
In addition, in the first and second embodiments described above, the top plate 1 was made of silicon nitride ceramics, but instead of this,
The joining method of the present invention can also be applied to the case where the top plate 1 made of steel and the skirt member 2 made of aluminum alloy are bonded by plastic flow.

以下、本発明の接合方法を赴任するために行なった比較
例と具体例について説明する。
Comparative examples and specific examples carried out to apply the joining method of the present invention will be described below.

まず、比較例として、厚さ:2,7mmのセラミックデ
ィスクからなる天板と、高シリコンを含有しT6処理が
施されたアルミニウム合金(硬度:Hv120)の押庄
し材からなるスカート部材とを準備し、上記天板をプレ
ス用金型にセットした後、該天板の裏面周縁部に上記ス
カート部材を載置し、しかる後、パンチを用いて上記ス
カート部材に約67onの加圧力で塑性流動結合させて
バルブリフターを得た。
First, as a comparative example, a top plate made of a ceramic disk with a thickness of 2.7 mm and a skirt member made of pressed aluminum alloy (hardness: Hv120) containing high silicon and subjected to T6 treatment. After preparing and setting the above-mentioned top plate in a press mold, the above-mentioned skirt member is placed on the peripheral edge of the back surface of the above-mentioned top plate, and then, using a punch, the above-mentioned skirt member is plasticized with a pressing force of about 67 on. A valve lifter was obtained by flow coupling.

その結果、約1000kgの接合強度が得られ、接合力
としてはバルブリフターとしての実用性を満足するもの
が得られたが、約半数のバルブリフターの天板に裏面か
らの表面に至るクラックが発生し、天板にクラックの発
生したバルブリフターをエンジンに組み込んだところ、
すべてのバルブリフターが破壊した。
As a result, a bonding strength of approximately 1000 kg was obtained, which satisfied the practicality of the valve lifter, but cracks occurred on the top plate of about half of the valve lifters from the back surface to the surface. However, when I installed the valve lifter with cracks on the top plate into the engine,
All valve lifters were destroyed.

次に、本発明の具体例として、アルミニウムろう材を塗
布した上記比較例と同様の天板と、高シリコンを含有し
熱処理が施されていないアルミニウム合金(硬度:Hv
80)からなるスカート部材とを準備し、約5Tonの
加圧力で塑性流動結合させ、その後、スカート部材に第
4図に示すT6処理を施してバルブリフターを得た。
Next, as a specific example of the present invention, a top plate similar to the above comparative example coated with aluminum brazing material and an aluminum alloy containing high silicon and not heat treated (hardness: Hv
80) was prepared and plastic flow bonded with a pressure of about 5 tons, and then the skirt member was subjected to the T6 treatment shown in FIG. 4 to obtain a valve lifter.

その結果、比較例に比べて加圧力が小さいにも拘らず、
比較例と同様の接合状態を得ることができ、またアルミ
ニウムろう材の拡散により約1200kgの接合強度が
得られた。そして、比較例に比べて加圧力が小さいため
天板にクラックが発生したものは皆無であった。
As a result, even though the pressing force was smaller than that of the comparative example,
A bonding condition similar to that of the comparative example could be obtained, and a bonding strength of approximately 1200 kg was obtained due to the diffusion of the aluminum brazing filler metal. Furthermore, since the pressing force was smaller than that of the comparative example, no cracks occurred on the top plate.

(発明の効果) 以上説明したように、本発明に係る異種材質部材の接合
方法によると、耐摩耗性部材と硬化熱処理されていない
アルミニウム合金製部材とを塑性流動結合させ′るため
、低い加圧力で押圧してもアルミニウム合金製部材は塑
性流動することができるので、耐摩耗性部材に発生する
クラックを防止できる。
(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, according to the method for joining members made of different materials according to the present invention, a wear-resistant member and an aluminum alloy member that has not been hardened and heat-treated are plastically bonded, so that a low stress is applied. Since the aluminum alloy member can plastically flow even when pressed with pressure, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the wear-resistant member.

また、アルミニウム合金部材に対する硬化熱処理工程に
おいて、結合部に塗布された拡散性金属が耐摩耗性部材
中に拡散するため、耐摩耗性部材とアルミニウム合金製
部材との接合力が向上する。
Further, in the hardening heat treatment process for the aluminum alloy member, the diffusible metal applied to the joint portion diffuses into the wear-resistant member, so that the bonding strength between the wear-resistant member and the aluminum alloy member is improved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図〜第4図は本発明の一実施例である異種材質部材
の接合方法の各工程を示し、第1図〜第3図は各々塑性
流動結合工程の断面図、第4図はスカート部材に対して
行なうT6処理の熱処理パターン図である。 1・・・天板 (耐摩耗性部材) 2・・・スカート部材 (アルミニウム合金製部材)
Figures 1 to 4 show each step of a method for joining dissimilar material members according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 1 to 3 are cross-sectional views of the plastic flow joining process, and Figure 4 is a skirt It is a heat treatment pattern diagram of T6 treatment performed on a member. 1... Top plate (wear-resistant member) 2... Skirt member (aluminum alloy member)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)耐摩耗性部材とアルミニウム合金製部材とを塑性
流動結合させる異種材質部材の接合方法であって、耐摩
耗性部材と硬化熱処理されていないアルミニウム合金製
部材とを準備し、両者における各結合部のうちの少なく
とも一方に拡散性金属を塗布した後、これら両者を塑性
流動結合させ、しかる後、アルミニウム合金製部材に対
して硬化熱処理を施すことを特徴とする異種材質部材の
接合方法。
(1) A method for joining members made of different materials by plastic flow bonding a wear-resistant member and an aluminum alloy member, in which a wear-resistant member and an aluminum alloy member that has not been hardened and heat treated are prepared, and each A method for joining members made of dissimilar materials, which comprises applying a diffusible metal to at least one of the joining parts, then plastic flow bonding the two parts, and then subjecting the aluminum alloy member to hardening heat treatment.
JP15363590A 1990-06-12 1990-06-12 Method for bonding members different in quality Pending JPH0446069A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15363590A JPH0446069A (en) 1990-06-12 1990-06-12 Method for bonding members different in quality

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15363590A JPH0446069A (en) 1990-06-12 1990-06-12 Method for bonding members different in quality

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0446069A true JPH0446069A (en) 1992-02-17

Family

ID=15566825

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP15363590A Pending JPH0446069A (en) 1990-06-12 1990-06-12 Method for bonding members different in quality

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0446069A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0849376A1 (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-06-24 Fuji Oozx Inc. Tappet in an internal combustion engine and a method of manufacturing the same
JP2008162403A (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-17 Kyoraku Co Ltd Instrument panel for forklift

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0849376A1 (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-06-24 Fuji Oozx Inc. Tappet in an internal combustion engine and a method of manufacturing the same
JP2008162403A (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-17 Kyoraku Co Ltd Instrument panel for forklift

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