JPH043437B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH043437B2 JPH043437B2 JP60152254A JP15225485A JPH043437B2 JP H043437 B2 JPH043437 B2 JP H043437B2 JP 60152254 A JP60152254 A JP 60152254A JP 15225485 A JP15225485 A JP 15225485A JP H043437 B2 JPH043437 B2 JP H043437B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- slag
- tap hole
- ash
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Description
〔発明の利用分野〕
本発明は特に石炭ガス化装置のスラグタツプ孔
として用いる好適な石炭反応炉の改良に関する。
〔発明の背景〕
石炭を灰の溶融温度以上の温度でガス化する噴
流層ガス化法では、高効率で水素ガス、一酸化炭
素ガスを製造できるので、合成ガス製造用、燃料
ガス製造用として多くのガス化炉の開発が行われ
ている。噴流層ガス化炉の安定運転上の最大の課
題は、ガス化炉内で溶けた石炭灰(以下溶融灰と
称す)を、炉外に安定に排出することにある。通
常溶融灰はガス化炉壁に付着し、壁を伝つて下降
し、壁から離れて空間部へ落下する。落下した溶
融スラグは何らかの手段で冷却し、炉外に排出す
る。この時、ガス化炉壁から空間部へ落下する場
所(以下スラグタツプ孔と称す)で溶融灰は固化
しやすく、著しい時は流れる通路を塞でしまう。
このようになると、ガス化炉の安定な運転は不可
能となる。
これを防止するため、従来いくつかの方法が提
案されている。その代表例はスラグタツプ孔を何
らかの方法で加熱し、溶融灰が固化しないように
するもので、バーナで加熱する方法には特開昭51
−76302号公報に示される技術がある。またスラ
グタツプ孔を電気的に加熱する方法については特
開昭57−172986号公報がある。
これらの方法は溶融灰の安定流下に対する確実
性は高いが、石炭やガス化剤以外にバーナに供給
する燃料や電気的に加熱するエネルギーが必要
で、かつ、バーナの運転制御が必要となりガス化
炉の運転が複雑となる。また、バーナで加熱する
場合は、ガス化で生成したガス中にバーナの燃焼
で生成した排ガスが混入し、生成ガスの発熱量を
低下させる。
他の防止技術としては石炭にCaOやFe2O3を添
加し、灰の溶融温度や溶融スラグの粘性を低下さ
せ、スラグタツプ孔の温度が低くなつても流せる
ようにした方法が知られている。
この方法は炭種ごとに添加剤の使用量が限定さ
れたり、使用量そのものが多くなつたりするた
め、ガス化炉で使用する石炭が限定される場合に
は効果的であるが、ガス化炉で種々の石炭を処理
しなければならない場合には、添加剤の選定、供
給量制御等で運転が複雑になる。
このように溶融スラグの安定排出に対する従来
技術には運転方法が複雑になつたり、使用炭種が
限定される等の問題があつた。
〔発明の目的〕
本発明の目的はガス化炉運転の容易性を損なわ
ず、幅広い石炭に対して溶融スラグを安定に排出
する石炭反応炉を提供することにある。
〔発明の概要〕
このためスラグタツプ孔の材料に溶融灰に対し
て濡れない性質を持つものを採用し、この材料が
ガス化炉内の雰囲気で長時間耐えられるようにし
た。溶融スラグに濡れない材料を用いると、溶融
スラグがガス化炉壁から空間部に落下する際、炉
壁との付着がおきないために自由落下に近い速度
で下降し、固化する時間よりも短い時間で壁を離
れさすことが可能となる。スラグタツプ孔の材料
には黒鉛が適する。黒鉛は酸化雰囲気では消耗が
激しいので、還元雰囲気又は不活性ガス雰囲気に
することが必要であり、このため、黒鉛材料が反
応炉中の気体に触れる部分が不活性ガス又は還元
性ガス雰囲気となるように、ガス類を流す導入孔
を黒鉛耐火物自身又はその近傍に設置するように
した。
発明の動機となつた現象について説明する。第
5図は噴流層ガス化炉における溶融灰9の流れ
と、炉内温度分布の一例を示したものである。石
炭バーナ6から供給された石炭はガス化炉部4で
ガス化される。灰は溶けてガス化炉壁に付着し、
重力により下方へ流れる。更にスラグタツプ孔7
を通過して、スラグ冷却部5へ落下する。スラグ
冷却部5でスラグを急冷する時の、ガス化炉高さ
方向の温度分布を第5図の右に示す。温度は石炭
バーナ6付近で最大値を示すが、ガス化部4の下
方にスラグ冷却部5があるため、下方に行くにし
たがい急に低下する。溶融灰が固化する場所はス
ラグタツプ孔7のスラグ冷却室側であり、これ
は、この位置での温度低下が最も著しいからであ
る。溶融灰はスラグタツプ孔7にさしかかると同
時に冷え始め、粘度が増す。その結果、流下速度
が小さくなり、低温領域に留まる時間が延び、
増々固化しやすくなる。以上が溶離灰がスラグタ
ツプ孔付近で固化する理由である。従来の流下方
法は、スラグタツプ孔7の温度を強制的に高める
ことにより固化を防止しようとするものである。
本発明は従来の考え方とは逆に、スラグタツプ
孔7の温度が低いままの状態でも、固化する温度
領域を、溶融灰が冷却し固化するに要する時間よ
りも速く、極く短時間に通過させようとしたもの
である。スラグタツプ孔7を通過する時間を速め
るには、溶融灰と壁との接触により、スラグの流
れ方向と逆方向に作用する粘性力を小さくするこ
とが考えられる。この力が0であれば、スラグは
自由落下速度となり、最も速く通過できる。その
ためには、溶融灰と壁の接触面積を0に近づける
必要がある。この現象は溶融灰のスラグタツプ孔
材に対する濡れ性に係わつており、濡れがたい材
料を用いることにより、上記の目的を達成するこ
とが可能となる。
石炭灰の溶融スラグと濡れがたい材料の関係に
ついて直接言及されたものはないが、電炉におい
て、溶鋼取り出しに濡れがたい材料として黒鉛を
用いる技術が例えば特開昭59−126713号公報に示
されている。
濡れ指標としては一般に接触角θが用いられ、
90°<θ<180°の場合濡れないと定義される。接
触角とはスラグと被接触物の接点で、スラグの接
線方向に引いた線と被接触物のなす角度のことで
ある。第6図は現状のガス化炉で使用される可能
性の高い材料Al2O3、Cr2O2、ZrO2、SiC、Si3N4
及び黒鉛の板の上に太平洋炭の灰を残せ、不活性
ガス雰囲気で温度を上昇させた時のθの変化を示
したものである。θ=90°(第7図に示すごとく)
は試料が半球状になつた時で、この時の温度が灰
の溶融点と定義される。溶融点を越すと、黒鉛以
外は徐々に平になる。黒鉛はθ=160°となり、太
平洋炭灰に濡れない。接触角と対応させた試料の
各形状を第7図に示す。黒鉛の場合にはほぼ球に
近い状態である。他にエルメロ炭(溶融点=1480
℃)に対しても同様な方法で測定し、黒鉛には濡
れないことを確認した。表1に太平洋炭、エルメ
ロ炭の灰の組成を示す。
FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a coal reactor suitable for use in particular as a slug tap hole in a coal gasifier. [Background of the Invention] The spouted bed gasification method, in which coal is gasified at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of ash, can produce hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas with high efficiency, so it is used for synthesis gas production and fuel gas production. Many gasifiers are being developed. The biggest challenge in the stable operation of a spouted bed gasifier is to stably discharge coal ash (hereinafter referred to as molten ash) melted within the gasifier to the outside of the furnace. Usually, molten ash adheres to the gasifier wall, descends along the wall, leaves the wall, and falls into the space. The fallen molten slag is cooled by some means and discharged outside the furnace. At this time, the molten ash tends to solidify at the place where it falls from the gasifier wall into the space (hereinafter referred to as the slag tap hole), and in severe cases it blocks the flow path.
In this case, stable operation of the gasifier becomes impossible. Several methods have been proposed to prevent this. A typical example is to heat the slag tap hole by some method to prevent the molten ash from solidifying.
There is a technique shown in Publication No. -76302. Further, a method of electrically heating a slug tap hole is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 172986/1986. Although these methods are highly reliable for stable flow of molten ash, they require fuel to be supplied to the burner and electrical heating energy in addition to coal and gasifying agent, and burner operation control is required, making it difficult to gasify. Furnace operation becomes complicated. Furthermore, when heating with a burner, exhaust gas generated by combustion in the burner mixes into the gas generated by gasification, reducing the calorific value of the generated gas. Other known prevention techniques include adding CaO or Fe 2 O 3 to coal to lower the melting temperature of ash and the viscosity of molten slag, allowing it to flow even when the temperature of the slag tap hole is low. . This method is effective when the amount of coal used in the gasifier is limited, as the amount of additive used is limited for each type of coal, or the amount itself is large. When a variety of coals have to be treated in a coal-fired system, operation becomes complicated due to additive selection, supply amount control, etc. As described above, the conventional techniques for stably discharging molten slag have had problems such as complicated operating methods and limited types of coal to be used. [Object of the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a coal reactor that can stably discharge molten slag from a wide range of coals without impairing the ease of operation of the gasifier. [Summary of the Invention] For this reason, a material for the slag tap hole that does not get wet by molten ash is used, so that this material can withstand the atmosphere in the gasifier for a long time. If a material that does not get wet with molten slag is used, when the molten slag falls from the gasifier wall into the space, it will fall at a speed close to free fall because it will not adhere to the furnace wall, and the time will be shorter than the time it takes to solidify. It becomes possible to move away from the wall in time. Graphite is a suitable material for the slug tap hole. Graphite is rapidly consumed in an oxidizing atmosphere, so it is necessary to create a reducing atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere. Therefore, the part where the graphite material comes into contact with the gas in the reactor becomes an inert gas or reducing gas atmosphere. In this way, the introduction hole through which gases flow is installed in or near the graphite refractory itself. Explain the phenomenon that motivated the invention. FIG. 5 shows an example of the flow of molten ash 9 in the spouted bed gasifier and the temperature distribution inside the furnace. Coal supplied from the coal burner 6 is gasified in the gasifier section 4. The ash melts and adheres to the gasifier wall,
Flows downward due to gravity. Furthermore, slug tap hole 7
The slag passes through and falls into the slag cooling section 5. The temperature distribution in the height direction of the gasifier when slag is rapidly cooled in the slag cooling section 5 is shown on the right side of FIG. The temperature reaches its maximum value near the coal burner 6, but because the slag cooling section 5 is located below the gasification section 4, it rapidly decreases as it goes downward. The location where the molten ash solidifies is on the slag cooling chamber side of the slag tap hole 7, because the temperature drop is most significant at this location. As soon as the molten ash reaches the slag tap hole 7, it begins to cool and its viscosity increases. As a result, the flow rate decreases and the time it stays in the low temperature region increases.
It becomes easier to solidify. This is the reason why the eluted ash solidifies near the slag tap hole. The conventional flow down method attempts to prevent solidification by forcibly increasing the temperature of the slug tap hole 7. Contrary to conventional thinking, the present invention allows molten ash to pass through the solidifying temperature range in an extremely short time, faster than the time required for cooling and solidifying, even when the temperature of the slag tap hole 7 remains low. This is what I tried to do. In order to speed up the time it takes for the slag to pass through the tap hole 7, it is conceivable to reduce the viscous force acting in the direction opposite to the flow direction of the slag due to contact between the molten ash and the wall. If this force is zero, the slug will have a free falling velocity and will be able to pass through it the fastest. For this purpose, it is necessary to bring the contact area between the molten ash and the wall close to zero. This phenomenon is related to the wettability of molten ash to the slag tap pore material, and by using a material that is difficult to wet, the above object can be achieved. Although there is no direct mention of the relationship between molten coal ash slag and hard-to-wet materials, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 126713/1983 discloses a technique for using graphite as a hard-to-wet material for removing molten steel in an electric furnace. ing. The contact angle θ is generally used as a wetting index,
It is defined as not wet when 90°<θ<180°. The contact angle is the angle between a line drawn in the tangential direction of the slag and the object at the point of contact between the slag and the object. Figure 6 shows materials that are likely to be used in current gasifiers: Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 2 , ZrO 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4
This figure shows the change in θ when the temperature is raised in an inert gas atmosphere with Pacific coal ash left on a graphite plate. θ=90° (as shown in Figure 7)
is when the sample becomes hemispherical, and the temperature at this point is defined as the melting point of the ash. Beyond the melting point, everything except graphite gradually becomes flat. Graphite has θ=160° and is not wetted by Pacific coal ash. FIG. 7 shows the shapes of the samples in correspondence with the contact angles. In the case of graphite, the shape is almost spherical. In addition, Ermelo coal (melting point = 1480
℃) was measured using the same method, and it was confirmed that graphite did not get wet. Table 1 shows the composition of ash from Pacific coal and Ermelo coal.
以下、本発明の一実施例を第1図により説明す
る。石炭1及び酸化剤(酸素又は空気)2を石炭
バーナ6からガス化炉3に供給する。ガス化部4
の温度は灰の溶融点以上であり、溶けた灰の大部
分は炉内壁に付着する。生成ガス11は炉の上方
より抜き出される。壁に付着した溶融灰は壁を伝
わり、炉下部に流れる。この溶融灰を回収するた
め、ガス化炉3の底に穴を開け、空間部に落下さ
せる。この穴をスラグタツプ孔7と称している。
本実施例ではスラグタツプ孔7自身を黒鉛材料で
形成した。黒鉛は通常用いられている人造黒鉛、
天然黒鉛等の黒鉛質のもの、または炭素質のもの
が適用できる。実施例では等方性黒鉛をスラグタ
ツプ孔7の形状に下降した、灰分=0.1%、気孔
率=18%のものを使用した。スラグタツプ孔7の
下部にはシールガス用バーナ13を設け、窒素ガ
ス等の不活性ガス又はガス化で生成したガス等の
シール用ガス12を供給し、このガスを生成ガス
11と同方向に流し、石炭バーナ6から供給され
た酸化剤2が、スラグタツプ孔7に触れないよう
に構成している。また第2図はスラグタツプ孔7
を酸化性ガスに触れさせない別の実施例で、スラ
グタツプ孔7自身の気孔からシール性ガスを噴出
するように構成している。スラグタツプ孔の黒鉛
部には微少の穴を複数個開け、分散室14へ前記
シール性ガス12を導入し、黒鉛の気体と触れる
面に一様にシール用ガス12が噴出するように構
成している。第1図及び第2受の実施例ではシー
ル用ガスとして窒素ガスを用い、0.8〜1.0Nm3/
hの流量で供給した。
ガス化炉3はスラグタツプ孔7の下部に設置し
たガス化炉起動用バーナ(図示せず)の燃焼ガス
により昇温する。起動用バーナにはプロパンガス
と空気を送り、過剰空気率の状態で燃焼させる。
したがつて起動用バーナを点火する以前にスラグ
タツプ孔7へ窒素ガスを流し、以後その状態に保
つ。ガス化炉内の温度が所定値となつた時に石炭
を供給し、石炭が着火した後、起動用バーナを停
止する。石炭バーナから石炭1の重量に対し、酸
素0.76の割合で供給した。スラグタツプ孔7直上
の温度は1680〜1720℃であり、スラグタツプ孔7
直下の温度は1100〜1140℃であつた。この条件
で、溶融スラグは固化することなく安定に滴下し
た。
この時、生成ガス中の窒素濃度は1.0〜1.4%
(容積比)で、生成ガスの品質にほとんど影響を
与えない量のシールガス量で、スラグタツプ孔7
がガス化炉内で充分耐えられる。
以上第1図及び第2図における実施例では石炭
に太平洋炭を用いた。黒鉛材料のスラグタツプを
用いた場合には、その温度が灰溶融温度以下にな
つても溶融灰がスラグタツプ孔で固化することな
く滴下できた。他の材料では溶融灰は固化し、ス
ラグタツプ孔を閉塞した。次ちエルメロ炭につい
ての実施例について説明する。
第2図に示したガス化炉に、エルメロ炭を1、
酸素を0.79の重量割合で供給した。シール用ガス
は窒素ガスで1Nm3/h供給した。スラグタツプ
孔7直上の温度は1760〜1780℃、スラグタツプ孔
直下の温度は1120℃となり、この条件で溶融灰は
安定に滴下した。スラグタツプ孔にAl2O395%の
耐火物を使用した場合には、石炭供給当初はスラ
グタツプ直上、直下は先の例とほぼ同様の温度と
なつたが、時間と共に溶融灰がスラグタツプ孔で
固化し、スラグタツプ孔直下の温度が急激に低下
した。エルメロ炭の場合でも黒鉛は有効である。
しかもエルメロ炭の溶融点は1480℃であるから、
これより350℃も低い温度領域を固化せずに流れ
ることになる。太平洋炭の場合にはその差は200
℃であるから、溶融点の高い石炭に対しては、よ
り有効である。
第3図は生成ガス11と溶融灰9が両者とも垂
直下向きに流れる場合であり第4図は生成ガス1
1が水平方向に、溶融灰9は垂直下向きに流れる
炉構造の場合である。いずれも溶融灰9が炉壁か
ら空間部に離れる場所に黒鉛材料のスラグタツプ
孔7を使用することにより、円滑な溶融灰の抜き
出しが可能である。
〔発明の効果〕
以上のように、本発明によれば、スラグタツプ
孔の材料に黒鉛を使用し、かつこれを非酸化性ガ
スにより覆うことにより損耗を著しく低減できる
ので、石炭反炉の運転を複雑にすることなく、円
滑な溶融灰が抜き出せる効果がある。更にスラグ
タツプ孔自身の温度が、石炭灰の溶融温度以下で
も滴下が可能なことから、幅広い石炭種が処理で
きる。
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. Coal 1 and oxidizer (oxygen or air) 2 are supplied from a coal burner 6 to a gasifier 3. Gasification section 4
The temperature is above the melting point of the ash, and most of the melted ash adheres to the inner wall of the furnace. The produced gas 11 is extracted from above the furnace. The molten ash adhering to the walls travels along the walls and flows to the lower part of the furnace. In order to collect this molten ash, a hole is made in the bottom of the gasifier 3 and the molten ash is allowed to fall into the space. This hole is called a slug tap hole 7.
In this embodiment, the slug tap hole 7 itself is made of graphite material. Graphite is commonly used artificial graphite,
Graphite materials such as natural graphite, or carbon materials can be used. In the example, isotropic graphite descended into the shape of the slag tap hole 7, with an ash content of 0.1% and a porosity of 18%, was used. A sealing gas burner 13 is provided at the bottom of the slug tap hole 7, and a sealing gas 12 such as an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or a gas generated by gasification is supplied, and this gas is caused to flow in the same direction as the generated gas 11. The structure is such that the oxidizing agent 2 supplied from the coal burner 6 does not touch the slag tap hole 7. Also, Figure 2 shows the slug tap hole 7.
This is another embodiment in which the slug tap hole 7 is not exposed to oxidizing gas, and the sealing gas is jetted out from the pores of the slug tap hole 7 itself. A plurality of minute holes are made in the graphite part of the slug tap hole, and the sealing gas 12 is introduced into the dispersion chamber 14, so that the sealing gas 12 is uniformly ejected onto the surface of the graphite that comes into contact with the gas. There is. In the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 and the second receiver, nitrogen gas is used as the sealing gas, and the pressure is 0.8 to 1.0Nm 3 /
It was supplied at a flow rate of h. The temperature of the gasifier 3 is raised by combustion gas from a gasifier starting burner (not shown) installed below the slag tap hole 7. Propane gas and air are sent to the startup burner, and combustion occurs at an excess air rate.
Therefore, before igniting the starting burner, nitrogen gas is flowed into the slug tap hole 7, and this state is maintained thereafter. Coal is supplied when the temperature inside the gasifier reaches a predetermined value, and after the coal is ignited, the starting burner is stopped. Oxygen was supplied from a coal burner at a ratio of 0.76 to 1 weight of coal. The temperature directly above the slug tap hole 7 is 1680 to 1720°C.
The temperature directly below it was 1100-1140℃. Under these conditions, the molten slag was stably dropped without solidifying. At this time, the nitrogen concentration in the generated gas is 1.0 to 1.4%
(volume ratio), with an amount of sealing gas that has almost no effect on the quality of the generated gas.
can withstand sufficiently in the gasifier. In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 above, Pacific coal was used as the coal. When a slag tap made of graphite material was used, molten ash could be dripped into the slag tap hole without solidifying even if the temperature fell below the ash melting temperature. In other materials, the molten ash solidified and plugged the slug tap holes. Next, an example of Ermelo coal will be described. Into the gasifier shown in Figure 2, 1 liter of Ermelo coal was added.
Oxygen was supplied at a weight ratio of 0.79. The sealing gas was nitrogen gas and was supplied at a rate of 1Nm 3 /h. The temperature directly above the slug tap hole 7 was 1,760 to 1,780°C, and the temperature directly below the slag tap hole was 1,120°C, and under these conditions, the molten ash dripped stably. When a 95% Al 2 O 3 refractory was used in the slag tap hole, the temperature immediately above and below the slag tap at the beginning of coal supply was almost the same as in the previous example, but over time molten ash solidified in the slag tap hole. However, the temperature directly below the slug tap hole dropped rapidly. Graphite is also effective in the case of Ermelo coal.
Moreover, since the melting point of Ermelo coal is 1480℃,
It will flow through a temperature range 350°C lower than this without solidifying. In the case of Pacific coal, the difference is 200
℃, it is more effective for coal with a high melting point. Figure 3 shows the case where the generated gas 11 and molten ash 9 both flow vertically downward, and Figure 4 shows the generated gas 1.
This is the case of a furnace structure in which molten ash 9 flows horizontally and molten ash 9 flows vertically downward. In either case, by using a slug tap hole 7 made of graphite material at a location where the molten ash 9 separates from the furnace wall into the space, smooth extraction of the molten ash is possible. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, by using graphite as the material for the slag tap hole and covering it with non-oxidizing gas, wear and tear can be significantly reduced. It has the effect of allowing smooth extraction of molten ash without complication. Furthermore, since the slag tap hole itself allows dripping even if the temperature is below the melting temperature of coal ash, a wide variety of coal types can be treated.
第1図乃至第4図は本発明石炭反応炉の1つで
あるガス化炉のスラグタツプ部の縦断面図、第5
図はガス化炉内の一般的な温度分布図、第6図は
各種材料に対する石炭溶融灰の接触角と温度の関
係を示す図、第7図は溶融灰の形状を示す説明図
である。
1……石炭、2……酸化剤、3……ガス化炉、
4……ガス化部、5……スラグ冷却部、6……石
炭バーナ、7……スラグタツプ孔、9……溶融
灰、11……生成ガス、12……シール用ガス、
13……シールガス用バーナ、14……分散室。
1 to 4 are longitudinal cross-sectional views of the slag tap portion of a gasifier, which is one of the coal reactors of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a general temperature distribution diagram in the gasifier, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the contact angle and temperature of molten coal ash with respect to various materials, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the shape of molten ash. 1... Coal, 2... Oxidizer, 3... Gasifier,
4... Gasification section, 5... Slag cooling section, 6... Coal burner, 7... Slag tap hole, 9... Molten ash, 11... Produced gas, 12... Sealing gas,
13... Burner for seal gas, 14... Dispersion chamber.
Claims (1)
ス化部を有し、底部にガス化時に生じた石炭溶融
スラグを冷却するスラグ冷却部を有し、両者の境
界にスラグタツプ孔を有する石炭反応炉におい
て、前記スラグタツプ孔の内壁を黒鉛耐火物で構
成し、該黒鉛耐火物の表面を不活性ガス又は還元
性ガス雰囲気に保つための不活性ガス又は還元性
ガス噴出孔を前記黒鉛耐火物自身又はその近傍に
設けたことを特徴とする石炭反応炉。1. A coal reaction system that has a coal gasification section at the top that heats and decomposes coal to gasify it, a slag cooling section that cools the molten coal slag produced during gasification at the bottom, and a slag tap hole at the boundary between the two. In the furnace, the inner wall of the slag tap hole is made of a graphite refractory, and an inert gas or reducing gas ejection hole for maintaining the surface of the graphite refractory in an inert gas or reducing gas atmosphere is formed by the graphite refractory itself. A coal reactor characterized by being installed at or near the coal reactor.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15225485A JPS6213490A (en) | 1985-07-12 | 1985-07-12 | Oven for reaction of coal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP15225485A JPS6213490A (en) | 1985-07-12 | 1985-07-12 | Oven for reaction of coal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6213490A JPS6213490A (en) | 1987-01-22 |
JPH043437B2 true JPH043437B2 (en) | 1992-01-23 |
Family
ID=15536458
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP15225485A Granted JPS6213490A (en) | 1985-07-12 | 1985-07-12 | Oven for reaction of coal |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6213490A (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD81183A (en) * | ||||
JPS5413490A (en) * | 1977-07-04 | 1979-01-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Hot reducing gas transferring apparatus |
JPS55131086A (en) * | 1979-03-31 | 1980-10-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Coke oven |
-
1985
- 1985-07-12 JP JP15225485A patent/JPS6213490A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD81183A (en) * | ||||
JPS5413490A (en) * | 1977-07-04 | 1979-01-31 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Hot reducing gas transferring apparatus |
JPS55131086A (en) * | 1979-03-31 | 1980-10-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Coke oven |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6213490A (en) | 1987-01-22 |
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