JPH043175B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH043175B2 JPH043175B2 JP58180638A JP18063883A JPH043175B2 JP H043175 B2 JPH043175 B2 JP H043175B2 JP 58180638 A JP58180638 A JP 58180638A JP 18063883 A JP18063883 A JP 18063883A JP H043175 B2 JPH043175 B2 JP H043175B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- hydroxy
- mulching
- light
- ultraviolet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- VWVPMNQXGPQPNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1N1N=C2C=CC=CC2=N1 VWVPMNQXGPQPNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)-4-[4-[[4-[4-[(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]phenyl]benzamide Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1N=NC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Description
本発明は小孔率が0.01%以上1%未満である小
孔を有する紫外線遮蔽マルチング被覆資材に関
し、さらに詳しくは、有用作物の生育促進及び収
穫量の増加等の優れた効果を有する、少なくと
も、340nm以下の波長域の紫外線を実質的に遮蔽
する能力を持ち、かつ小孔率が0.01%以上1%未
満である小孔を有する紫外線遮蔽マルチング被覆
資材に関する。植物の生育が健全に遂行されるた
めには植物に光・空気・水が与えられ、さらに適
当な温度および適量の栄養素が与えられなければ
ならない。
近年科学技術の発達に伴い、植物培養技術分野
においてもCO2の供給による炭素同化作用の増
進、酸素の土中供給による根部発達の促進、水分
の自動供給等に、植物栽培環境の光質制御に関す
る研究並びにその実用化がめざましく進展してい
る。
さらにまた、地表に密着展伸して地表を被覆す
る謂ゆるフイルムによるマルチング栽培技術も知
られている。
このようなマルチング栽培に使用されるフイル
ムとして、主としてポリエチレン製の透明なも
の、あるいは黒色または緑色等に着色されたもの
が挙げられる。そして前記フイルムによるマルチ
ングは、土壌の保温、土中水分の保持、肥料養分
の流失防止、土のはね返り防止、雑草の繁茂抑制
等の利点を与えるものである。
また最近紫外線遮蔽マルチング被覆材が使用さ
れている。例えば特開昭53−98242号公報には
370nm及びそれ以下の波長の光を実質的に遮蔽し
得る透明なフイルムから成るマルチング被覆材に
よる被覆下に根菜類をマルチング栽培することを
特徴とする根菜類の栽培方法、特開昭53−124556
号公報には少なくとも370nm以下の波長の紫外線
の透過を実質的に阻止する合成樹脂フイルム又は
板から成る透明マルチング被覆材等が提案されて
いる。
しかし、特定の波長域の紫外線を選択的に遮蔽
し、小孔率が0.01%以上1%未満である小孔を有
するマルチング被覆材を使用することは今まで知
られていない。
本発明者らは、有用作物、殊に果菜類作物のマ
ルチング被覆栽培の過程において、少なくとも、
340nm及びそれ以下の波長の光を実質的に遮蔽し
かつ、小孔率が0.01%以上1%未満である小孔を
有する紫外線遮蔽フイルムをマルチング被覆材と
して使用すると、従来マルチング被覆材を使用し
た場合に比べて、有用作物を早期に且つ多量に収
穫することができ、しかも収穫された有用作物類
は品質的にも従来のものに比べて遜色がないこと
を見い出し、本発明を完成するに至つた。
かくして、本発明によれば、少なくとも340nm
およびそれ以下の紫外線を実質的に遮蔽し、か
つ、長軸方向の口径が1.5m/m以下で小孔率が
0.01%以上1%未満である小孔を有することを特
徴とする透明熱可塑性樹脂紫外線遮蔽マルチング
被覆資材が提供される。
本発明のマルチング被覆材により得られる効果
の理由は種々に考えられるが、その一例を挙げる
と紫外線を遮蔽すること及び地温の低下を最小限
に抑えつつ、土壌相中に積極的に大気を浸透され
ることにより、土壌相中の窒素肥料特に、植物が
根部から吸収可能な硝酸態窒素含有量が増加せし
められたことと、根部の酸素不足が解消すること
等が推察される。従来のマルチングフイルムは植
穴部以外は完全に大気と遮断されているため大気
の浸透はほとんど無いものである。従来のマルチ
ング被覆材下では、有用植物が生長するに従い根
部も伸長し、根部の酸素要求量も増加するので、
次第に土壌中の酸素含有量は減少することにな
る。このため、土壌中の肥料分の酸化、分解、熟
成が阻止され、また有用植物の根部が酸素飢餓状
態になつているものと推察される。
本明細書において使用する「マルチング」と
は、作物の生育している圃場の土面を敷草に代え
てフイルム状の被覆材で覆うことを意味し、その
ために使用する被覆材がマルチング被覆資材であ
る。
本発明のマルチング被覆資材は、前述したとお
り、少なくとも340nmおよびそれ以下の波長の光
(紫外線)を実質的に遮蔽し得る特定の「紫外線
遮蔽」資材から成る。ここでxnm及びそれ以下
の波長の光を「実質的に遮蔽し得る」とはxnm
及びそれ以下の波長の光を100%完全に遮蔽する
場合のみならず、40%まで、望ましくは20%以下
の該波長の光を透過を許容する意味で使用する
が、本発明では、少なくとも340nm及びそれ以下
の波長の光を完全に(ほぼ100%)遮蔽し、好ま
しくは360nm、特に好ましくは380nm、更に好ま
しくは400nmおよびそれ以下の波長の光を実質的
に遮蔽し得る被覆材を使用する。
該透明フイルムは植物の生長に有用な光の透過
を実質的に阻害しないものであることが望まし
く、少なくとも520nm及びそれ以上の波長の光
を、さらに有利には500nm及びそれ以上の波長の
光を実質的に透過し得るフイルムを使用すること
が望ましい。ここでynm及びそれ以上の波長の光
を「実質的に透過し得る」とは、ynm及びそれ以
上の波長の光を100%透過することはもちろん、
該波長の光を少なくとも60%、特に70%以上透過
することも包含する意味である。
しかして、本発明において特に好適に使用し得
る被覆資材は、400nm及びそれ以下の波長の光を
実質的に完全に、好ましくは95%以上遮蔽し且つ
500nm及びそれ以上の波長の光を実質的に阻害し
ない。好ましくは85%以上透過し得る被覆資材で
あり、被覆資材の光線波長(横軸)対光線透過率
(縦軸)曲線を描いた場合に、曲線が光線波長
400nm〜500nmの間でできるだけ垂直に立ち上が
るような光線透過率特性を示すような被覆資材が
特に好適である。
また本発明の小孔とは従来の作物の植穴又は土
になじみやすいために開けたものと異り、マルチ
ングフイルム全面に多数に開けた孔をいう。小孔
の形状はいずれでも良いが好ましくは円、楕円、
特に好ましくは円形である。小孔の口径は長軸方
向の口径が1.5m/m以下で、好ましくは1.0m/
m以下、更に好ましくは0.5m/m以下である。
小孔の位置はランダムでも良いが均一の方が好ま
しい。この場合有用植物の苗の植込用の穴は従来
通りに開けておく。また小孔の間隔はいずれでも
よいが好ましくは0.1cm〜50cm、特に好ましくは
0.5cm〜30cm、更に好ましくは1cm〜10cmである。
小孔率〔マルチングフイルム総面積に占める小孔
総面積比率(%)〕は0.01%以上1%未満であり、
好ましくは0.01〜0.9%、特に好ましくは0.05〜
0.7%、更に好ましくは0.1〜0.5%である。
本発明に使用し得る透明熱可塑性樹脂フイルム
又は板は、例えば通常のフイルム形成性熱可塑性
樹脂に適当な紫外線吸収剤を配合し、フイルム又
は板に成形することにより製造することができ
る。
使用し得るフイルム成形性熱可塑性合成樹脂と
しては、例えばポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリ
デン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチ
レン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネ
ート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリアクリレ
ート、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニルアルコール、
含フツ素系樹脂、セルロース系樹脂、ABS樹脂
等、又はこれら重合体を主体(好ましくは50重量
%以上)とする共重合体もしくはブレンド物が挙
げられ、特に耐光性、強度、光線透過性の理由か
らポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレ
ン、ポリエステル、含フツ素系樹脂、セルロース
系樹脂及びポリカーボネートが好適である。
また、上記の如き熱可塑性樹脂に配合して、少
なくとも340nm以下の波長の光の透過を実質的に
阻止する能力のある紫外線吸収剤は、該紫外線吸
収剤の紫外線吸収能や使用する熱可塑性樹脂との
相溶性等を考慮して広範囲の種類の中から適宜選
択使用することができる。使用可能な紫外線吸収
剤としては例えば下記の如きものが挙げられる。
ハイドロキノン系……ハイドロキノン、ハイドロ
キノンジサリチレート
サリチル酸系……フエニルサリチレート、パラオ
クチルフエニルサリチレート
ベンゾフエノン系……2―ヒドロキシ―4―メト
キシベンゾフエノン、2―ヒドロキシ―4―n―
オクトキシベンゾフエノン、2―ヒドロキシ―4
―メトキシ―2′―カルボキシベンゾフエノン、
2,4―ジヒドロキシベンゾフエノン、2,2′―
ジヒドロキシ―4,4′―ジメトキシベンゾフエノ
ン、2―ヒドロキシ―4―ベンゾイルオキシベン
ゾフエノン、2,2′―ジヒドロキシ―4―メトキ
シベンゾフエノン、2―ヒドロキシ―4―メトキ
シ―5―スルホベンゾフエノン、2,2′,4,
4′―テトラヒドロキシベンゾフエノン、2,2′―
ジヒドロキシ―4,4′―ジメトキシ―5―ナトリ
ウムスルホンベンゾフエノン、4―ドデシルオキ
シ―2―ヒドロキシベンゾフエノン、2―ヒドロ
キシ―5―クロルベンゾフエノン
ベンゾトリアゾール系……2―(2′―ヒドロキシ
―5′―メチルフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2
―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―メチルフエニル)―5
―ブトキシカルボニルベンゾトリアゾール、2―
(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―メチルフエニル)―5,
6―ジクロルベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒ
ドロキシ―5′―メチルフエニル)―5―エチルス
ルホンベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキ
シ―5′―第3ブチルフエニル)―5―クロルベン
ゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―第
3ブチルフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2―
(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―アミルフエニル)ベンゾ
トリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―3′,5′―
ジメチルフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2―
(2′―ヒドロキシ―3′,5′―ジメチルフエニル)―
5―メトキシベンゾトリアゾール、2−(2′―メ
チル―4′―ヒドロキシフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾ
ール、2―(2′―ステアリルオキシ―3′,5′―ジ
メチルフエニル)―5―メチルベンゾトリアゾー
ル、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―エトキシカルボ
ニルフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―
ヒドロキシ―3′―メチル―5′―第3ブチルフエニ
ル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ
―3′,5′―ジ第3ブチルフエニル)―5―クロル
―ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―
5′―メトキシフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2
―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―フエニルフエニル)―
5―クロルベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒド
ロキシ―5′―シクロヘキシルフエニル)ベンゾト
リアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―4′,5′―ジ
メチルフエニル)―5―ブトキシカルボニルベン
ゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―3′,
5′―ジクロルフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2
―(2′―ヒドロキシ―4′,5′―ジクロルフエニル)
ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―
3′,5′―ジメチルフエニル)―5―エチルスルホ
ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―
5′―フエニルフエニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2
―(2′―ヒドロキシ―4′―オクトキシフエニル)
ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―
5′―メトキシフエニル)―5―メチルベンゾトリ
アゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―メチルフ
エニル)―5―エトキシカルボニルベンゾトリア
ゾール、2―(2′―アセトキシ―5′―メチルフエ
ニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキ
シ―3′,5′―ジ第3ブチルフエニル)―5―クロ
ルベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―
3′―第3ブチル―5′―メチルフエニル)―5―ク
ロルベンゾトリアゾール。
これらの紫外線吸収剤のうち、ベンゾフエノン
系及びベンゾトリアゾール系のものが好適であ
り、就中ベンゾフエノン系では2,2′―ジヒドロ
キシ―4,4′―ジメトキシベンゾフエノン、2,
2′―ジヒドロキシ―4―メトキシベンゾフエノン
及び2,2′,4,4′―テトラヒドロキシベンゾフ
エノン;ベンゾトリアゾール系では、2―(2′―
ヒドロキシ―5′―メチルフエニル)ベンゾトリア
ゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―メチルフエ
ニル)5,6―ジクロルベンゾトリアゾール、2
―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―第3ブチルフエニル)
ベンゾトリアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―
3′―メチル―5′―第3ブチルフエニル)ベンゾト
リアゾール、2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―3′,5′―ジ
第3ブチルフエニル)―5―クロル―ベンゾトリ
アゾール及び2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―5′―フエニ
ルフエニル)―5―クロルベンゾトリアゾール、
2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―3′,5′―ジ第3ブチルフ
エニル)―5―クロルベンゾトリアゾール、2―
(2′―ヒドロキシ―4′―オクトキシフエニル)ベ
ンゾトリアゾール及び2―(2′―ヒドロキシ―
3′―第3ブチル―5′―メチルフエニル)―5―ク
ロロベンゾトリアゾールが有効である。
上記の如き紫外線吸収剤の配合量は、紫外線吸
収剤の種類、使用する熱可塑性樹脂の種類、フイ
ルム又は板の厚さ等に依存して広範に変えること
ができるが、本発明が目的としている340nm及び
それ以下、好ましくは360nm及びそれ以下、特に
好ましくは、380nm及びそれ以下の紫外線の透過
を実質的に阻止するためには、紫外線吸収剤の配
合量と得られるフイルム又は板の厚さとの間に下
記式
15≦AB≦600
好適には
20≦AB≦400
式中、Aは紫外線吸収剤の配合量(PHR)
を表わし、Bはフイルム又は板の厚さ(μ)
である、
で示される関係が満たされていることが特に好ま
しいことが見出された。ここにPHRとは熱可塑
性樹脂100重量部当りの重量部数を意味する。
また紫外線吸収剤の配合量(A)は、熱可塑性樹脂
及び紫外線吸収剤の種類により異なるが、一般に
0.001〜5PHR、特にフイルムの場合0.1〜5.0PHR
の範囲が好適である。
本発明に使用する熱可塑性樹脂には、紫外線吸
収剤に加えて、必要に応じて他の通常の樹脂添加
物、例えば可塑剤、滑剤、酸化防止剤、光安定
剤、帯電防止剤、防曇剤、熱安定剤、染料、顔
料、その他の塵の付着防止剤、等を少量含ませる
こともできる。また本発明に使用する熱可塑性樹
脂フイルム又は板或いは前記の如き成形体は、そ
れ自体公知の種々の方法、例えばカレンダー法、
インフレーシヨン法等の溶融押出法、プレス法、
溶液流延法、射出成形法、等を用いて製造するこ
とができる。またフイルムの物性劣化の防止のた
め、他樹脂をコートするか他のフイルムをラミネ
ートすることもできる。
かくの如くして成形されたフイルム又は板は、
その用途等に応じて、その厚さを広い範囲に亘つ
て変えることができるが、一般に本発明の目的に
対しては、15〜5000μ、特に20〜3000μの範囲が
好適である。該フイルム又は板は、必要に応じ
て、補強等の目的で、他の合成樹脂のフイルムや
シート、ガラス等に積層して使用することもでき
る。また、上記の如くして成形された熱可塑樹脂
フイルム又は板、殊にフイルムは、補強繊維例え
ばガラス繊維、ワイヤーメツシユや網状繊維構造
物により補強してもよい。
また、必要に応じて塵などが付着して、本発明
の資材の透明性が低下するのを防止するため、塵
の付着を阻止する薬剤による表面処理やかかる薬
剤を含む他の合成樹脂をラミネート又はコートし
てもよい。
本明細書において使用する「有用植物」とは、
標準原色図鑑全集―第13巻、有用植物(保育社発
行、高嶋四郎著)もくじ〜頁記載の有用植物
を意味し、現在人間がその衣食住を営なむ上に役
立つている植物のうち、人間が栽培し保護管理を
加えて利用している植物のことをさすものとす
る。
参考のため、本発明の方法が適用され得る代表
的な有用植物を例示すれば次の通りである。
(1) 農作物
(イ) 食用作物
穀 類 イネ、ムギ、トウモロコシ、キビ
豆 類 大豆、小豆、落花生、エダマメ、イ
ンゲン、エンドウ
イモ類 サツマイモ、ジヤガイモ、サトイ
モ、シヨウガ
(ロ) 工芸作物
油料類 アマ、オリーブ、ナタネ、ゴマ
し好料類 チヤ、コーヒー、葉タバコ、ホツ
プ、ココア
薬用類 ケシ、ハツカ、除虫菊
糖料類 サトウキビ、テンサイ、キクイモ
繊維類 アマ、アサ、ワタ、イ、ヘチマ
紙原料 エゾマツ、トドマツ、コウゾ、ミ
ツマタ、ガンピ
デンプン類トロロアオイ、コンニヤク、カツ
サバ
染料類 アイ、ベニバナ
(ハ) 飼料・緑肥作物
牧 草 類 クローバー、レンゲ、グラス
青刈作物類 テオシント、ソルゴー、ハトム
ギ
食料用根菜類カブ、ルタバカ
(2) 園芸作物
(ニ) 野菜
葉・茎菜類 ホウレンソウ、セルリー、ニ
ラ、コマツナ、キヤベツ、レタ
ス、ハクサイ、ハナヤサイ、ブ
ロツコリ、ネギ、パセリー、ミ
ツバ、シユンギク、ラツキヨ
ウ、ニンニク、アスパラガス、
ミユウガ、サトイミ、ワケギ
根 菜 類 タマネギ、サトイモ、ダイコ
ン、ニンジン、カブ、ゴボウ
果 菜 類 イチゴ、エンドウ、ピーマン、
メロン、スイカ、トマト、キユ
ウリ、ナス、カボチヤ、ウリ、
トウガン、オクラ
(ホ) 果樹
仁 果 類 リンゴ、ビワ、ナシ
核 果 類 モモ、ウメ
穀 果 類 クリ、クルミ
蔓性果類 ブドウ
柑 橘 類 ミカン、レモン
低木性果樹 イチゴ、スグリ
(ヘ) 花き キク、カーネーシヨン、バラ、チユ
ーリツプ、ストツク
本発明の方法において優れた効果を発揮し得る
のは前記有用作物のうち、穀類、豆類、イモ類、
し好料類、糖料類、でんぷん類、葉茎菜類、根菜
類、果菜類、低木性果樹、花きが好ましく、就
中、穀類、豆類、イモ類、し好料類、葉茎菜類、
根菜類、果菜類、花きが好ましく、特に、豆類、
イモ類、葉茎菜類、根菜類、果菜類、花きが好ま
しい。具体的な有用作物としては例えば、ムギ、
トウモロコシ、大豆、小豆、落花生、エダマメ、
インゲン、エンドウ、サツマイモ、ジヤガイモ、
サトイモ、シヨウガ、ナタネ、葉タバコ、テンサ
イ、サトウキビ、コンニヤク、ハトムギ、ホウレ
ンソウ、セルリー、ネギ、ニラ、コマツナ、キヤ
ベツ、パセリー、レタス、ハクサイ、ハナヤサ
イ、ブロツコリ、ミツバ、シユンギク、ラツキヨ
ウ、ニンニク、アスパラガス、ミヨウガ、サトイ
モ、ワケギ、タマネギ、サトイモ、ダイコン、ニ
ンジン、カブ、ゴボウ、イチゴ、ピーマン、メロ
ン、スイカ、トマト、キユウリ、ナス、カボチ
ヤ、ウリ、トウガン、オクラ、キク、カーネーシ
ヨン、バラ、チユーリツプ、およびストツク等が
あり、就中、トマト、ダイコンが最も好ましい。
本発明に従うマルチング被覆資材による被覆下
に有用作物をマルチング栽培する場合には、一般
に有用作物の発芽時期又は定植時期から収穫の終
了に至るまでの期間、該マルチング被覆材による
被覆下にマルチング栽培するのが好ましい。また
栽培方法として露地栽培、ハウス栽培、トンネル
栽培いずれでもよいが、ハウス栽培、トンネル栽
培に於いては紫外線遮蔽フイルムをハウス、トン
ネル等に被覆し、本発明のマルチング被覆資材と
併用するのが本発明の効果を更に高めるものであ
る。
次に実施例、参考例により本発明をさらに説明
する。
実施例 1〜4、比較例 1〜3
〔フイルムの調製〕
(フイルムの製造)
(1) ポリ塩化ビニル100重量部、ジオクチルフタ
レート(可塑性)45重量部、ジブチル錫マレー
ト(熱安定剤)1.5重量部、ステアリン酸亜鉛
(熱安定剤)1.0重量部、ステアリン酸(滑剤)
0.1重量部、及びソルビタンモノラウレート
(無滴剤)1.0重量部を相互に充分に混合し、そ
の混合物をエクストルーダーにより200℃で溶
融押出し、厚さ30μで実質的に290nm以下を遮
蔽する無色透明なフイルムを得た。このフイル
ムを以後フイルムaとした。
(2) フイルムaの配合組成に2―(2′―ヒドロキ
シ―3′,5′―ジ第3級ブチルフエニル)ベンゾ
トリアゾール(紫外線吸収剤)2.1重量部を添
加した以外は、フイルムaを調製したと同様に
して、350nm以下を遮蔽する厚さ30μの無色透
明なフイルムを得た。このフイルムを以後フイ
ルムbとした。
(3) フイルムaの配合組成に、更に2―(2′―ヒ
ドロキシ―3′,5′―ジ第3級ブチルフエニル)
―5―クロロベンゾトリアゾール(紫外線吸収
剤)1.5重量部及び2,2′―ジヒドロキシ―4
―メトキシベンゾフエノン(紫外線吸収剤)
1.7重量部を配合してフイルムaと同じ工程に
より得られた無色透明でかつ、380nm以下を実
質的に遮蔽するフイルム(厚さ30μ)を以後フ
イルムcとした。
(4) フイルムaの配合組成に、更に、2―(2′―
ヒドロキシ―3′,5′―ジ第3級ブチルフエニ
ル)―5―クロロベンゾトリアゾール(紫外線
吸収剤)1.2重量部及び、黄色系染料(商品名
ダイヤレジンイエローPYC、三菱化成製)2.0
重量部を配合してフイルムaと同じ工程により
得られた黄色透明でかつ、400nm以下を遮蔽す
るフイルム(厚さ30μ)を以後フイルムdとし
た。
フイルムの孔あけ
前記フイルムの製造で得られたフイルムa〜d
を各々表―1に示す内容で円形の小孔をあけ、表
―1に従いマルチングフイルムとした。
これらのフイルムを以後、実施例(マルチング
フイルム1〜5)と比較例(マルチングフイルム
6〜15)とする。
The present invention relates to a UV-shielding mulching coating material having small pores with a porosity of 0.01% or more and less than 1%, and more specifically, it has at least the following: The present invention relates to an ultraviolet-shielding mulching coating material that has the ability to substantially block ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of 340 nm or less and has small pores with a porosity of 0.01% or more and less than 1%. In order for plants to grow in a healthy manner, they must be provided with light, air, and water, as well as an appropriate temperature and appropriate amount of nutrients. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, in the field of plant cultivation technology, light quality control of the plant cultivation environment has been implemented, such as increasing carbon assimilation by supplying CO 2 , promoting root development by supplying oxygen in the soil, and automatically supplying water. Research and practical application of this technology are making remarkable progress. Furthermore, a mulching cultivation technique using a so-called film that spreads closely to the ground surface to cover it is also known. Films used in such mulching cultivation are mainly transparent films made of polyethylene, or films colored black or green. Mulching with the film has advantages such as keeping the soil warm, retaining moisture in the soil, preventing fertilizer nutrients from being washed away, preventing soil from bouncing back, and suppressing the growth of weeds. Recently, UV-shielding mulching materials have also been used. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 53-98242,
A method for cultivating root vegetables characterized by mulching and cultivating root vegetables under a covering with a mulching covering material made of a transparent film capable of substantially blocking light of wavelengths of 370 nm and below, JP-A-53-124556
The publication proposes a transparent mulching coating material made of a synthetic resin film or plate that substantially blocks the transmission of ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of at least 370 nm or less. However, it has not been known until now to use a mulching coating material that selectively blocks ultraviolet rays in a specific wavelength range and has small pores with a porosity of 0.01% or more and less than 1%. The present inventors have discovered that in the process of mulching-covered cultivation of useful crops, especially fruit and vegetable crops, at least
When an ultraviolet shielding film that substantially blocks light at wavelengths of 340 nm and below and has small pores with a porosity of 0.01% or more and less than 1% is used as a mulching coating material, it is possible to eliminate We have discovered that useful crops can be harvested earlier and in larger amounts than in the conventional case, and that the quality of the harvested useful crops is comparable to that of conventional crops, and we have completed the present invention. I've reached it. Thus, according to the invention, at least 340 nm
It substantially blocks ultraviolet rays of up to and below, and has a diameter of 1.5m/m or less in the longitudinal direction and a small porosity.
A transparent thermoplastic resin ultraviolet-shielding mulching coating material is provided, which is characterized by having small pores of 0.01% or more and less than 1%. There are various possible reasons for the effects obtained by the mulching coating material of the present invention, but one example is that it actively penetrates the atmosphere into the soil phase while blocking ultraviolet rays and minimizing the drop in soil temperature. It is presumed that this increases the nitrogen fertilizer in the soil phase, especially the nitrate nitrogen content that plants can absorb from their roots, and that the lack of oxygen in the roots is resolved. Conventional mulching films are completely isolated from the atmosphere except for the planting holes, so there is almost no penetration of the atmosphere. Under conventional mulching materials, as useful plants grow, their roots also elongate and their oxygen demand increases.
Gradually, the oxygen content in the soil will decrease. For this reason, the oxidation, decomposition, and ripening of fertilizers in the soil are prevented, and the roots of useful plants are presumed to be in a state of oxygen starvation. "Mulching" as used herein means covering the soil surface of a field where crops are growing with a film-like covering material instead of grass, and the covering material used for this purpose is a mulching covering material. It is. The mulching coating material of the present invention, as previously described, is comprised of certain "UV-screening" materials that are capable of substantially blocking light (ultraviolet radiation) at wavelengths of at least 340 nm and below. Here, "capable of substantially blocking" light with wavelengths of xnm and below xnm
This term is used not only to completely block 100% of light with wavelengths of 340nm or less, but also to allow up to 40%, preferably 20% or less of light to pass through.In the present invention, at least 340nm Use a coating material that can completely (nearly 100%) block light at wavelengths of and below, preferably 360 nm, particularly preferably 380 nm, and even more preferably substantially block light at wavelengths of 400 nm and below. . It is desirable that the transparent film does not substantially inhibit the transmission of light useful for plant growth, and can transmit light with a wavelength of at least 520 nm or more, more preferably light with a wavelength of 500 nm or more. It is desirable to use a film that is substantially transparent. Here, "capable of substantially transmitting" light of wavelengths of ynm and above means 100% transmission of light of wavelengths of ynm and above, of course.
The meaning also includes transmitting at least 60%, especially 70% or more of light of the wavelength. Therefore, the coating material that can be particularly suitably used in the present invention substantially completely blocks, preferably 95% or more, of light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less, and
Does not substantially inhibit light at wavelengths of 500 nm and above. It is preferably a coating material that can transmit 85% or more, and when a curve of the coating material's light wavelength (horizontal axis) versus light transmittance (vertical axis) is drawn, the curve is the light wavelength.
Particularly suitable is a coating material that exhibits light transmittance characteristics that rise as vertically as possible between 400 nm and 500 nm. In addition, the small holes of the present invention refer to a large number of holes drilled all over the mulching film, unlike conventional planting holes for crops or holes drilled for easy adaptation to the soil. The shape of the small hole may be any shape, but preferably circular, oval, or
Particularly preferred is a circular shape. The diameter of the small hole in the long axis direction is 1.5 m/m or less, preferably 1.0 m/m.
m or less, more preferably 0.5 m/m or less.
The positions of the small holes may be random, but it is preferable that they be uniform. In this case, holes for planting seedlings of useful plants are opened in the conventional manner. Also, the distance between the small holes may be any value, but preferably 0.1 cm to 50 cm, particularly preferably
The length is 0.5 cm to 30 cm, more preferably 1 cm to 10 cm.
The small porosity [the ratio of the total area of small pores to the total area of the mulching film (%)] is 0.01% or more and less than 1%,
Preferably 0.01 to 0.9%, particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.9%
It is 0.7%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5%. The transparent thermoplastic resin film or plate that can be used in the present invention can be produced, for example, by blending a suitable ultraviolet absorber with a normal film-forming thermoplastic resin and molding the mixture into a film or plate. Examples of usable film-forming thermoplastic synthetic resins include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol,
Examples include fluorine-containing resins, cellulose resins, ABS resins, etc., or copolymers or blends mainly composed of these polymers (preferably 50% by weight or more). For this reason, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, fluorine-containing resin, cellulose resin, and polycarbonate are preferred. In addition, an ultraviolet absorber capable of substantially blocking the transmission of light with a wavelength of at least 340 nm or less when blended with a thermoplastic resin such as the one described above is important in determining the ultraviolet absorbing ability of the ultraviolet absorber and the thermoplastic resin used. It is possible to appropriately select and use a wide variety of types in consideration of compatibility with the compound and the like. Examples of usable ultraviolet absorbers include the following.
Hydroquinone type...hydroquinone, hydroquinone disalicylate salicylic acid type...phenyl salicylate, paraoctylphenyl salicylate benzophenone type...2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4- n-
Octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4
-methoxy-2'-carboxybenzophenone,
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-
Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-benzoyloxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfobenzo Phenon, 2, 2', 4,
4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′-
Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5-sodium sulfone benzophenone, 4-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzophenone benzotriazole type...2-(2'- Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2
-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5
-Butoxycarbonylbenzotriazole, 2-
(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)-5,
6-dichlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-ethylsulfonebenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-
(2′-hydroxy-5′-amyl phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-
dimethylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-
(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-dimethylphenyl)—
5-methoxybenzotriazole, 2-(2'-methyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-stearyloxy-3',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5-methylbenzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-ethoxycarbonylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2′-
Hydroxy-3'-methyl-5'-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, 2-(2'- Hydroxy
5′-methoxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2
-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-Phenylphenyl)-
5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-cyclohexylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dimethylphenyl)-5-butoxycarbonylbenzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,
5′-dichlorophenyl)benzotriazole, 2
-(2′-hydroxy-4′,5′-dichlorophenyl)
Benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-
3′,5′-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethylsulfobenzotriazole, 2-(2′-hydroxy-
5'-Phenylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2
-(2′-hydroxy-4′-octoxyphenyl)
Benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-
5'-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylbenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-ethoxycarbonylbenzotriazole, 2-(2'-acetoxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole , 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-
3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole. Among these ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone-based and benzotriazole-based ones are preferred, and among the benzophenone-based ones, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,
2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone; in benzotriazole series, 2-(2'-
Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)5,6-dichlorobenzotriazole, 2
-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butylphenyl)
Benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-
3'-methyl-5'-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole and 2-(2'-hydroxy- 5′-phenylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,
2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-
(2′-hydroxy-4′-octoxyphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(2′-hydroxy-
3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole is effective. The amount of the ultraviolet absorber as described above can vary widely depending on the type of ultraviolet absorber, the type of thermoplastic resin used, the thickness of the film or plate, etc. In order to substantially block the transmission of ultraviolet rays of 340 nm and below, preferably 360 nm and below, particularly preferably 380 nm and below, the combination of the amount of the ultraviolet absorber and the thickness of the resulting film or plate must be adjusted. In the formula below, 15≦AB≦600, preferably 20≦AB≦400, where A is the amount of ultraviolet absorber (PHR)
, B is the thickness of the film or plate (μ)
It has been found that it is particularly preferable that the relationship expressed by the following is satisfied. Here, PHR means parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin. In addition, the amount (A) of the UV absorber varies depending on the type of thermoplastic resin and UV absorber, but in general
0.001~5PHR, especially for film 0.1~5.0PHR
A range of is suitable. In addition to the ultraviolet absorber, the thermoplastic resin used in the present invention may optionally contain other conventional resin additives, such as plasticizers, lubricants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, and antifogging agents. Small amounts of agents, heat stabilizers, dyes, pigments, and other dust-preventing agents may also be included. Furthermore, the thermoplastic resin film or plate used in the present invention, or the above-mentioned molded article, can be produced by various methods known per se, such as a calendering method,
Melt extrusion method such as inflation method, press method,
It can be manufactured using a solution casting method, an injection molding method, or the like. Furthermore, in order to prevent deterioration of the physical properties of the film, it may be coated with another resin or laminated with another film. The film or plate formed in this way is
The thickness can be varied over a wide range depending on the intended use, but generally a range of 15 to 5,000 microns, particularly 20 to 3,000 microns, is suitable for the purpose of the present invention. The film or plate can also be used by laminating it on other synthetic resin films, sheets, glass, etc. for the purpose of reinforcement, etc., if necessary. Furthermore, the thermoplastic resin film or plate formed as described above, particularly the film, may be reinforced with reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers, wire mesh, or reticulated fiber structures. In addition, in order to prevent the transparency of the material of the present invention from decreasing due to the adhesion of dust, if necessary, the surface may be treated with a chemical that prevents dust from adhering, or other synthetic resin containing such a chemical may be laminated. Alternatively, it may be coated. "Useful plants" as used herein are
Standard Primary Color Illustrated Works - Volume 13, Useful Plants (Published by Yukusha, written by Shiro Takashima) Table of Contents - This refers to the useful plants listed on page ~, and among the plants that are currently useful for human beings to maintain their food, clothing, and shelter, humans This refers to plants that are cultivated and used under protection and management. For reference, typical useful plants to which the method of the present invention can be applied are listed below. (1) Agricultural crops (a) Food crops Cereals Rice, wheat, corn, millet Beans Soybeans, adzuki beans, peanuts, edamame, green beans, peas Potatoes Sweet potatoes, potatoes, taro, ginger (b) Craft crops Oils Flax, olives , rapeseed, sesame Favorable materials Chia, coffee, leaf tobacco, hops, cocoa Medicinals Poppy, pepper, pyrethrum Sugars Sugarcane, sugar beet, Jerusalem artichoke Fibers Linseed, hemp, cotton, yam, loofah Paper materials Scots pine, Sakhalin fir, Mulberry, Japanese mulberry, Gampi Starches, konjac, cutlet mackerel Dyes, eye, safflower (c) Fodder/green manure crops Pastures Clover, vetch, grass Green crops Teosinte, sorghum, adlay Root crops for food Turnip, rutabaca (2) Horticultural crops (d) Vegetables Leaf and stem vegetables Spinach, celery, chives, Japanese cabbage, cabbage, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, green onions, parsley, Japanese mitsuba, Japanese daisy, Japanese cabbage, garlic, asparagus,
Japanese cabbage, taro, spring onion Root vegetables Onions, taro, radish, carrots, turnips, burdock Fruit vegetables Strawberries, peas, green peppers,
Melon, watermelon, tomato, cucumber, eggplant, pumpkin, melon,
Chives, okra (e) Fruits Apples, loquats, pears Stone fruits Peaches, plums Grain fruits Chestnuts, walnuts Vines Grapes Citrus tangerines, lemons Shrub fruits Strawberries, currants (e) Flowers chrysanthemums, Among the above-mentioned useful crops, the crops that can exhibit excellent effects in the method of the present invention include grains, beans, potatoes,
Preferable foods are grains, sugars, starches, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit vegetables, shrubs, and flowers, especially grains, beans, potatoes, grains, and leafy vegetables. ,
Root vegetables, fruit vegetables, and flowers are preferred, especially beans,
Potatoes, leaf and stem vegetables, root vegetables, fruit vegetables, and flowers are preferred. Examples of specific useful crops include wheat,
Corn, soybeans, adzuki beans, peanuts, edamame,
Green beans, peas, sweet potatoes, potatoes,
Taro, Japanese ginger, rapeseed, leaf tobacco, sugar beet, sugarcane, konjac, pearl barley, spinach, celery, green onion, chive, Japanese cabbage, parsley, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, Japanese cabbage, broccoli, Japanese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Japanese cabbage, garlic, asparagus, Japanese sweet potato, taro, spring onion, onion, taro, radish, carrot, turnip, burdock, strawberry, green pepper, melon, watermelon, tomato, cucumber, eggplant, pumpkin, gourd, chili pepper, okra, chrysanthemum, carnation, rose, chili pepper, and Among them, tomatoes and radish are the most preferred. When cultivating useful crops under mulching while being covered with the mulching covering material according to the present invention, the mulching cultivation is generally carried out under the covering with the mulching covering material during the period from the germination time or planting time of the useful crops to the end of harvest. is preferable. In addition, the cultivation method may be open field cultivation, greenhouse cultivation, or tunnel cultivation, but in greenhouse cultivation and tunnel cultivation, it is recommended to cover the greenhouse, tunnel, etc. with a UV-shielding film and use it in combination with the mulching coating material of the present invention. This further enhances the effect of the invention. Next, the present invention will be further explained with reference to Examples and Reference Examples. Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 3 [Preparation of film] (Manufacture of film) (1) 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, 45 parts by weight of dioctyl phthalate (plasticity), 1.5 parts by weight of dibutyltin maleate (thermal stabilizer) parts, zinc stearate (thermal stabilizer) 1.0 parts by weight, stearic acid (lubricant)
0.1 part by weight and 1.0 part by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (dropless agent) are thoroughly mixed with each other, and the mixture is melt-extruded at 200°C using an extruder to form a colorless product with a thickness of 30μ that substantially shields wavelengths of 290 nm or less. A transparent film was obtained. This film was hereinafter referred to as film a. (2) Film a was prepared except that 2.1 parts by weight of 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-ditertiary butylphenyl)benzotriazole (ultraviolet absorber) was added to the composition of film a. In the same manner as above, a colorless and transparent film with a thickness of 30 μm that blocks light below 350 nm was obtained. This film was hereinafter referred to as film b. (3) In addition to the composition of film a, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-ditertiary butyl phenyl)
-5-chlorobenzotriazole (ultraviolet absorber) 1.5 parts by weight and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4
-Methoxybenzophenone (ultraviolet absorber)
A colorless and transparent film (thickness: 30 μm) that substantially shields light of 380 nm or less was obtained by the same process as film a by blending 1.7 parts by weight, and was hereinafter referred to as film c. (4) In addition to the composition of film a, 2-(2'-
1.2 parts by weight of hydroxy-3',5'-ditertiary-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (ultraviolet absorber) and 2.0 parts of yellow dye (trade name: Diamond Resin Yellow PYC, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei)
A yellow, transparent film (thickness: 30 μm) that shields light of 400 nm or less and was obtained by the same process as film a by blending parts by weight was hereinafter referred to as film d. Film perforation Films a to d obtained in the above film production
A small circular hole was made in each of the materials as shown in Table 1, and a mulching film was prepared according to Table 1. These films will hereinafter be referred to as Examples (mulching films 1 to 5) and comparative examples (mulching films 6 to 15).
【表】【table】
【表】
参考例
参考実施例 1〜5、参考比較例 1〜10
3月中旬に元肥として窒素、リン酸及びカリ
が、各々7.2Kg/10aとなる様均一に施肥、耕うん
整地し、うね巾120cm、長さ10mとなる様15うね
作り、充分潅水した。3月下旬に実施例及び比較
例で調製したフイルムNo.1〜15を各々マルチがけ
した。
4月上旬に、ダイコン(品種長交春まきみの早
生)を条間30cm、株間35cmになる様に、一穴に3
〜5粒づつ播種し、4月下旬に間引きを行つた。
6月上旬に一斉に収穫を行い、その結果を表―
2に示した。
尚、フイルムNo.1〜5被覆区のダイコンの生育
はフイルムNo.6〜15被覆区に比較して、特に早か
つたので、収穫日を4〜6日早めた。[Table] Reference Examples Reference Examples 1 to 5, Reference Comparative Examples 1 to 10 In mid-March, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium were uniformly applied as base fertilizers so that each amount was 7.2 kg/10 a, and the land was tilled and leveled. We made 15 ridges so that they were 120 cm wide and 10 m long and watered them thoroughly. Films Nos. 1 to 15 prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were each covered with mulch in late March. In early April, I planted 3 daikon radish (early maturing varieties of Nagakushun Makimi) in each hole with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 35 cm.
~5 seeds were sown at a time and thinned out in late April. Harvest all at once in early June and report the results.
Shown in 2. Incidentally, the growth of radish in the plots covered with film Nos. 1 to 5 was particularly faster than in the plots covered with film Nos. 6 to 15, so the harvest date was brought forward by 4 to 6 days.
【表】【table】
Claims (1)
外線を実質的に遮蔽し、かつ、長軸方向の口径が
1.5m/m以下で小孔率が0.01%以上1%未満であ
る小孔を有することを特徴とする透明熱可塑性樹
脂紫外線遮蔽マルチング被覆資材。 2 少くとも360nmおよびそれ以下の波長域の紫
外線を実質的に遮蔽し、かつ、該小孔を有する特
許請求の範囲第1項記載の紫外線遮蔽マルチング
被覆資材。 3 少くとも380nmおよびそれ以下の波長域の紫
外線を実質的に遮蔽し、かつ、該小孔を有する特
許請求の範囲第1項記載の紫外線遮蔽マルチング
被覆資材。 4 少くとも400nmおよびそれ以下の波長域の紫
外線を実質的に遮蔽し、かつ、該小孔を有する特
許請求の範囲第1項記載の紫外線遮蔽マルチング
被覆資材。 5 少くとも420nmおよびそれ以下の波長域の光
線を実質的に遮蔽し、500nmおよびそれ以上の波
長域の可視光線を実質的に透過し、かつ、該小孔
を有する特許請求の範囲第1項記載の紫外線遮蔽
マルチング被覆資材。[Scope of Claims] 1. Substantially blocks ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of at least 340 nm and below, and has an aperture in the longitudinal direction.
A transparent thermoplastic resin ultraviolet-shielding mulching coating material characterized by having small pores of 1.5 m/m or less and a porosity of 0.01% or more and less than 1%. 2. The ultraviolet-shielding mulching coating material according to claim 1, which substantially blocks ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of at least 360 nm and below, and has the small pores. 3. The ultraviolet-shielding mulching coating material according to claim 1, which substantially blocks ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of at least 380 nm and below, and has the small pores. 4. The ultraviolet-shielding mulching coating material according to claim 1, which substantially blocks ultraviolet rays in the wavelength range of at least 400 nm and below, and has the small pores. 5. Claim 1 which substantially blocks light in the wavelength range of at least 420 nm and below, substantially transmits visible light in the wavelength range of 500 nm and above, and has the small hole. UV-shielding mulching covering material as described.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP58180638A JPS6075215A (en) | 1983-09-30 | 1983-09-30 | Ultraviolet ray blocking mulching cover material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP58180638A JPS6075215A (en) | 1983-09-30 | 1983-09-30 | Ultraviolet ray blocking mulching cover material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6075215A JPS6075215A (en) | 1985-04-27 |
JPH043175B2 true JPH043175B2 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
Family
ID=16086693
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP58180638A Granted JPS6075215A (en) | 1983-09-30 | 1983-09-30 | Ultraviolet ray blocking mulching cover material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6075215A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2004002213A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2005-10-27 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Agricultural film made of aliphatic polyester biodegradable resin |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5250170A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1977-04-21 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | Magnetron |
JPS5726525A (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-02-12 | Taiyo Kogyo Co Ltd | Promotion of decomposition of fertilizer in soil and covering material |
JPS5739138A (en) * | 1980-08-19 | 1982-03-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Apparatus for direct heat treatment of hot-rolled wire rod |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55133764U (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1980-09-22 |
-
1983
- 1983-09-30 JP JP58180638A patent/JPS6075215A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5250170A (en) * | 1975-10-20 | 1977-04-21 | Matsushita Electronics Corp | Magnetron |
JPS5726525A (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-02-12 | Taiyo Kogyo Co Ltd | Promotion of decomposition of fertilizer in soil and covering material |
JPS5739138A (en) * | 1980-08-19 | 1982-03-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Apparatus for direct heat treatment of hot-rolled wire rod |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6075215A (en) | 1985-04-27 |
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