JPH0431582B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0431582B2 JPH0431582B2 JP60223326A JP22332685A JPH0431582B2 JP H0431582 B2 JPH0431582 B2 JP H0431582B2 JP 60223326 A JP60223326 A JP 60223326A JP 22332685 A JP22332685 A JP 22332685A JP H0431582 B2 JPH0431582 B2 JP H0431582B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- acrylate
- methacrylate
- weight
- vinyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- -1 azo compound Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVAGYCLEIYGJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(dioctyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCCCC CVAGYCLEIYGJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediol Chemical compound OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) 2,4-dichlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFXVXHPSVLHXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 HFXVXHPSVLHXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)(C)CO SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorobenzoyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZLUIWDAQSSNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylphenyl)-trichlorosilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C([Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 CZLUIWDAQSSNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Butyleneglycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGRXUECZGSQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yloxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.COCC(O)COC(C)CO XGRXUECZGSQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHLWGJNVYHBNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yloxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COCC(O)COC(C)CO UHLWGJNVYHBNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFQPRNVTVMCYEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propan-2-ol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OCC(O)CN)C=C1 KFQPRNVTVMCYEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNMWUXNIUIGTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CCCCOC(O)COCCOCCO DNMWUXNIUIGTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCKJMQMEWMHVCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCCCOC(O)COCCOCCO KCKJMQMEWMHVCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHAYFXKTLWGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.C=CN1CCCC1=O BHAYFXKTLWGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOCWFZYXOMHKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CCOC(O)COCCO AOCWFZYXOMHKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNIRVVPHSLTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(O)COCCO OBNIRVVPHSLTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGHKVCJFHNKOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyethane-1,2-diol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound COC(O)CO.CC(=C)C(O)=O OGHKVCJFHNKOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKMWWXGSJSEDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyethane-1,2-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(O)CO GKMWWXGSJSEDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMIZWXDKTUGEES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-di(cyclopenten-1-yloxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1CCCC=1OC(COC(=O)C(=C)C)OC1=CCCC1 JMIZWXDKTUGEES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical group CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDTLUUIYCAMIMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-methoxyethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.COC(O)COCCO ZDTLUUIYCAMIMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCLUJRFBZBVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-methoxyethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(O)COCCO CMCLUJRFBZBVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PITLEXLWAKFCAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-phenoxyethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.OCCOCC(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 PITLEXLWAKFCAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAMASUILMZETHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-phenoxyethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OCCOCC(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IAMASUILMZETHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLTSFMBMFCXCKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-phenoxyethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.OCCOCCOCCOCC(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 VLTSFMBMFCXCKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFJLSWPPLFHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-phenoxyethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OCCOCCOCCOCC(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 TVFJLSWPPLFHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWDBMKZHFCSOOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propoxy]propoxy]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OWDBMKZHFCSOOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJKKWVGWYCKUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DJKKWVGWYCKUFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTJDGKYFJYEAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)C=C PTJDGKYFJYEAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEVADDDOVGMCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C IEVADDDOVGMCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXYJVFYWCLAXHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C(C)=C YXYJVFYWCLAXHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C=C HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEXQWAAGPPNOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 CEXQWAAGPPNOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSIWGZFZGMIPEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NSIWGZFZGMIPEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACHWNFGWACZQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOCCOC(=O)C=C ACHWNFGWACZQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEQGRRJLJLVQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-2-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=CC BEQGRRJLJLVQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C=C FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(C(=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWDURZSYQTXVIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminophenyl)-(4-methyliminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(=NC)C=CC1=C(C=1C=CC(N)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 DWDURZSYQTXVIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQTLUPXWBTVHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylidene-2-methylheptane Chemical compound CCCC(=CC)CC(C)C CQTLUPXWBTVHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAMCLRBWHRRBCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-prop-2-enoyloxypentyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XAMCLRBWHRRBCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXSRRBVHLUJJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-amino-2-methylsulfanyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound N1=CC(C#N)=C(N)N2N=C(SC)N=C21 JXSRRBVHLUJJFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDPAUSZREKIJGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-(4-tert-butylphenyl)octyl-dichlorosilane Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCCCCCCC[SiH](Cl)Cl IDPAUSZREKIJGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MEBPGDYGOAQDHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC(O)(CCOC(=O)C(C)=C)CN=C=O Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC(O)(CCOC(=O)C(C)=C)CN=C=O MEBPGDYGOAQDHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBCCVKDQBQGZHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC=C.CC=C.CC=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C Chemical compound CC=C.CC=C.CC=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C GBCCVKDQBQGZHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROZZMLUWBPPEMU-GRVYQHKQSA-L Calcium linoleate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ROZZMLUWBPPEMU-GRVYQHKQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCXXNKZQVOXMEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CCCO1 LCXXNKZQVOXMEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUDXBRVLWDGRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JUDXBRVLWDGRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWHLOXLFJPTYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C SWHLOXLFJPTYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZUHSXXAOWGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-methyl-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(C)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HSZUHSXXAOWGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWLCFADDJOPOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Cu].[Sn] Chemical compound [Mn].[Cu].[Sn] NWLCFADDJOPOQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUNAPVYQLLNFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Pb++].[Pb++].[Pb++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Pb++].[Pb++].[Pb++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O AUNAPVYQLLNFOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AOJOEFVRHOZDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 AOJOEFVRHOZDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium sulfide Chemical compound [Cd]=S CJOBVZJTOIVNNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBHZKFOUIUMKHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1982121 Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1N=NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O HBHZKFOUIUMKHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQBJYNVEFIKEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(dioctyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[SiH](Cl)CCCCCCCC FQBJYNVEFIKEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBPUWONRZCPNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(tridecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[SiH2]Cl HBBPUWONRZCPNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZQSBCHNVPAYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(trihexyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](Cl)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC WZQSBCHNVPAYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZSATSWHBKSURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(trioctyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC HZSATSWHBKSURR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLQTVXVUOAXCRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-diethyl-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(CC)C1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 XLQTVXVUOAXCRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBKNGKYVNBJWHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-dimethyl-octylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](C)(C)Cl DBKNGKYVNBJWHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVQJWUUZCXSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfonyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)C1CCCCC1 BSVQJWUUZCXSOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoyl decaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC XJOBOFWTZOKMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNMRTWIPHVMKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(didodecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCCCCCCCC CNMRTWIPHVMKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRAYZPGATNMOSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(dihexyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCC NRAYZPGATNMOSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHRGVUNNMPOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro-di(nonyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCCCCC RHRGVUNNMPOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQNSVANSEBPSMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclopentenyl methacrylate Chemical compound C12CC=CC2C2CC(OC(=O)C(=C)C)C1C2.C12C=CCC2C2CC(OC(=O)C(=C)C)C1C2 AQNSVANSEBPSMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[3-(ethylamino)-6-ethylimino-2,7-dimethylxanthen-9-yl]benzoate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=2C=C(C)C(NCC)=CC=2OC2=CC(=[NH+]CC)C(C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHFTUXTZBNFJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C XHFTUXTZBNFJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- MDNFYIAABKQDML-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C MDNFYIAABKQDML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCFQUKBBGYTJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C SCFQUKBBGYTJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPBJPFJVNDHMEG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;octanoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O HPBJPFJVNDHMEG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940002712 malachite green oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(N)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUCXVPAZUDVVBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-[3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CCNC)OC1=CC=CC=C1C LUCXVPAZUDVVBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(octadecanoylamino)methyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065472 octyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C=C ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010765 pivalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTAXGNQLYFDKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC BTAXGNQLYFDKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sbb057044 Chemical compound C12CC=CC2C2CC(OCCOC(=O)C=C)C1C2 RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- HLWCOIUDOLYBGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(decyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl HLWCOIUDOLYBGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSBOTKQTCWQWMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(nonyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl SSBOTKQTCWQWMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWLKFNXBIZSMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C([Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 MWLKFNXBIZSMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZGRPBJBMUNMQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-$l^{3}-chlorane Chemical compound CCl(C)C FZGRPBJBMUNMQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KRLHYNPADOCLAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KRLHYNPADOCLAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ODNJVAVDJKOYFK-GRVYQHKQSA-L zinc;(9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ODNJVAVDJKOYFK-GRVYQHKQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L zinc;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/0874—Polymers comprising hetero rings in the side chains
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
(産業上の利用分野)
本発明は電子写真、静電記録等の分野で使用さ
れる静電荷像現像用負帯電性トナーに関する。
(従来の技術)
電子写真、静電記録の分野に使用される静電荷
像現像用トナーとしては、スチレン/アクリル共
重合樹脂を結着樹脂に用いたトナー(特公昭56−
11143号公報)等のビニル系樹脂を用いたトナー、
ビスフエノールとエピクロルヒドリンを反応させ
て得られるビスフエノール型エポキシ樹脂を結着
樹脂に用いたトナー(特開昭57−96354号公報)、
ビスフエノール骨格を有するグリコールと多塩基
酸とを反応させて得られるポリエステル樹脂を結
着樹脂に用いたトナー(特公昭52−25420号公報)
等が知られているが、ビニル系樹脂は他の樹脂に
比べて分子量、ガラス転移点、溶融粘度等の樹脂
物性を広範囲に操作でき、トナーの設計上、極め
て有利であることからトナーの大半はこのビニル
系樹脂を結着樹脂に用いたトナーで占められてい
る。
これらのトナーに好ましい負帯電性を持たせる
には、結着樹脂に負帯電性を付与する物質(以下
負帯電性物質と略す)、例えば、アゾ化合物の金
属錯体やシリカ微粉末等添加する方法がある(特
開昭57−130049号、特開昭57−136659号、特開昭
58−187946号、特開昭58−203454号)。
(発明が解決しようとする問題点)
前述のようにトナーの製造一般的に用いられて
いるビニル系の結着樹脂であるスチレン/アクリ
ル共重合樹脂からなるトナーは、軟質塩化ビニル
へ重合体の付着が起こり易く、印刷物を軟質塩化
ビニル重合体のシートに挟んでおくと印字欠損の
原因となつていた。
又負帯電性付与物質を結着樹脂に混合して負帯
電性トナーを製造する場合、次のような問題があ
る。
(1) 負帯電性付与物質は、結着樹脂との相溶性が
悪く、均一に分散しないため、トナー各粉子の
電荷が正〜負まで広範囲に分布し、定着画像に
カブリが発生しやすい。
(2) 負帯電性付与物質が、結着樹脂とよく混合さ
れていないため、キヤリア表面又は感光体表面
に該物質が付着し、フイルミング現象、印字濃
度変化、カブリ発生、解像度低下の原因とな
る。
(3) 負帯電性付与物質は一般に有色であるため、
カラートナーに適さない。
(問題点を解決するための手段及びその作用)
本発明は下記の構造式I乃至Vのいずれかで表
わされるビニルモノマーを構成成分とする重合体
を含有してなる静電荷像現像用負帯電性トナーに
関する。
(ただし、上記式中、R1,X1及びX2は各々独
立して水素又はメチル基、R2は炭素数1〜6の
アルキレン基、R3,4,5,6,7,8,9及びR10は各々独立し
て水素、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、ハロゲン又
は
(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a negatively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic images used in fields such as electrophotography and electrostatic recording. (Prior Art) As toners for developing electrostatic images used in the fields of electrophotography and electrostatic recording, toners using styrene/acrylic copolymer resin as a binder resin (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-1999-1)
11143), etc.), toners using vinyl resins,
Toner using a bisphenol type epoxy resin obtained by reacting bisphenol and epichlorohydrin as a binder resin (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 57-96354),
Toner using a polyester resin obtained by reacting a glycol having a bisphenol skeleton with a polybasic acid as a binder resin (Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-25420)
However, compared to other resins, vinyl resins can be used in the majority of toners because their physical properties such as molecular weight, glass transition point, and melt viscosity can be manipulated over a wide range, which is extremely advantageous in terms of toner design. is dominated by toners using this vinyl resin as a binder resin. In order to give these toners preferable negative chargeability, there is a method of adding a substance that imparts negative chargeability (hereinafter abbreviated as a negative chargeability substance) to the binder resin, such as a metal complex of an azo compound or fine silica powder. (JP-A-57-130049, JP-A-57-136659, JP-A
No. 58-187946, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-203454). (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As mentioned above, toners made of styrene/acrylic copolymer resin, which is a vinyl-based binder resin commonly used in the production of toners, are made by converting the polymer into soft vinyl chloride. Adhesion was likely to occur, causing print defects when printed matter was sandwiched between sheets of soft vinyl chloride polymer. Further, when producing a negatively chargeable toner by mixing a negatively chargeable substance into a binder resin, there are the following problems. (1) Negative charge-imparting substances have poor compatibility with binder resins and do not disperse uniformly, so the charge on each toner particle is distributed over a wide range from positive to negative, which tends to cause fogging on fixed images. . (2) Since the negative charge imparting substance is not well mixed with the binder resin, the substance adheres to the carrier surface or photoreceptor surface, causing filming phenomenon, print density change, fogging, and resolution reduction. . (3) Since negatively charged substances are generally colored,
Not suitable for color toner. (Means for Solving the Problems and Their Effects) The present invention provides a negatively charged electrostatic image developing material containing a polymer having a vinyl monomer represented by any of the following structural formulas I to V as a constituent component. Regarding sex toner. (However, in the above formula, R 1 , X 1 and X 2 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group, R 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 3,4,5,6,7,8, 9 and R 10 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen, or
【式】であり、ここで、R11,12,及びR13
は各々独立して水素又は炭素数1〜3のアルキル
基であり、構造式I乃至Vは各々[Formula], where R 11, 12, and R 13 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and Structural formulas I to V are each
【式】を少なくとも一つ有する)
本発明の重合体は、前記構造式I乃至Vで表わ
されるビニルモノマーのうち、一種の重合体又は
二種以上の共重合体及びこれらのモノマーと他の
ビニルモノマーとの共重合がある。
好ましくは、本発明の重合体成分中に、前記構
造式I乃至Vで表わされるビニルモノマーは、好
ましくは10重量%以上、特に好ましくは10〜90重
量%、さらに好ましくは20〜80重量%含有され
る。この量が少なすぎると軟質塩化ビニル重合体
への耐付着性及び負帯電性が不充分になる傾向が
ある。
ここで、他のビニルモノマーとしてはスチレ
ン、a−メチルスチレン、p−メチルスチレン、
p−t−ブチルスチレン、p−クロルスチレン等
のスチレン誘導体、メタクリル酸、メタクリル酸
メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸プロ
ピル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸ペンチ
ル、メタクリル酸ヘキシル、メタクリル酸ヘプチ
ル、メタクリル酸デシル、メタクリル酸ウンデシ
ル、メタクリル酸ドデシル、メタクリル酸グリシ
ジル、メタクリル酸メトキシエチル、メタクリル
酸プロポキシエチル、メタクリル酸ブトキシエチ
ル、メタクリル酸メトキシジエチレングリコー
ル、メタクリル酸エトキシジエチレングリコー
ル、メタクリル酸メトキシエチレングリコール、
メタクリル酸ブトキシトリエチレングリコール、
メタクリル酸メトキシジプロピレングリコール、
メタクリル酸フエノキシエチル、メタクリル酸フ
エノキシジエチレングリコール、メタクリル酸フ
エノキシテトラエチレングリコール、メタクリル
酸ベンジル、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル、メタ
クリル酸テトラヒドロフルフリル、メタクリル酸
ジシクロペンテニル、メタクリル酸ジシクロペン
テニルオキシエチル、メタクリル酸N−ビニル−
2−ピロリドン、メタクリロニトリル、メタクリ
ルアミド、N−メチルロールメタクリルアミド、
メタクリル酸エチルモルホリン、メタクリル酸2
−ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプ
ロピル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシブチル、メタク
リル酸2−ヒドロキシ−3−フエニルオキシプロ
ピル、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、アクリル酸、
アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル
酸プロピル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸ペン
チル、アクリル酸ヘキシル、アクリル酸ヘプチ
ル、アクリル酸オクチル、アクリル酸ノニル、ア
クリル酸デシル、アクリル酸ウンデシル、アクリ
ル酸ドデシル、アクリル酸グリシジル、アクリル
酸メトキシエチル、アクリル酸プロポキシエチ
ル、アクリル酸ブトキシエチル、アクリル酸メト
キシジエチレングリコール、アクリル酸エトキシ
ジエチレングリコール、アクリル酸メトキシエチ
レングリコール、アクリル酸ブトキシトリエチレ
ングリコール、アクリル酸メトキシジプロピレン
グリコール、アクリル酸フエノキシエチル、アク
リル酸フエノキシジエチレングリコール、アクリ
ル酸フエノキシテトラエチレングリコール、アク
リル酸ベンジル、アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、ア
クリル酸テトラヒドロフルフリル、アクリル酸ジ
シクロペンテニル、アクリル酸ジシクロペンテニ
ルオキシエチル、アクリル酸N−ビニル−2−ピ
ロリドン、アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル、アクリ
ル酸ヒドロキシプロピル、アクリル酸ヒドロキシ
ブチル、アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシ−3−フエニ
ルオキシプロピル、アクリル酸グリシジル、アク
リロニトリル、アクリルアミド、N−メチロール
アクリルアミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、ア
クリル酸エチルモルホリン、ビニルピリジン等の
1分子中に1個のビニル基を有するビニルモノマ
ーや、ジビニルベンゼン、グリコールとメタクリ
ル酸あるいはアクリル酸との反応生成物、例えば
エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、1,3−
ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート、1,4−
ブタンジオールジメタクリレート、1,5−ペン
タンジオールジメタクリレート、1,6−ヘキサ
ンジオールジメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリ
コールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコール
ジメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメ
タクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタク
リレート、トリプロピレングリコールジメタクリ
レート、ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリ
コールエステルジメタクリレート、トリメチロー
ルエタントリメタクリレート、トリメチロールプ
ロパントリメタクリレート、ペンタエリトリツト
トリメタクリレート、ペンタエリトリツトテトラ
メタクリレート、トリスメタクリロキシエチルホ
スフエート、ビス(メタクリロイルオキシエチ
ル)ヒドロキシエチルイソシアヌレート、トリス
(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)イソシアヌレー
ト、エチレングリコールジアクリレート、1,3
−ブチレングリコールジアクリレート、1,4−
ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1,5−ペンタ
ンジオールジアクリレート、1,6−ヘキサンジ
オールジアクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコール
ジアクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジアクリ
レート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレー
ト、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ト
リプロピレンジアクリレート、ヒドロキシピバリ
ン酸ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、ト
リメチロールエタントリアクリレート、トリメチ
ロールプロパントリアクリレート、ペンエリトリ
ツトトリアクリレート、ペンタエリトリツトテト
ラアクリレート、トリスアクリロキシエチルホス
フエート、ビス(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)
ヒドロキシエチルイソシアヌレート、トリス(メ
タクリロイルオキシエチル)イソシアヌレート、
メタクリル酸グリシジルとメタクリル酸あるいは
アクリル酸のハーフエステル化物、ビスフエノー
ル型エポキシ樹脂とメタクリル酸あるいはアクリ
ル酸のハーフエステル化物、アクリル酸グリシジ
ルとメタクリル酸あるいはアクリル酸のハーフエ
ステル化物等の1分子中に2個以上のビニル基を
有するビニルモノマーを挙げることができる。
これらのビニルモノマーのうち特に好ましいの
は、1分子中に1個のビニル基を有するビニルモ
ノマーでは、スチレン、スチレン誘導体、メタク
リル酸エステル、アクリル酸エステル等があり、
特にアルキル基に1〜5個の炭素原子を有するメ
タクリル酸あるいはアクリル酸のアルキルエステ
ルが好ましい。1分子中に2個以上のヒニル基を
有するビニルモノマーでは、ジビニルベンゼン、
炭素原子数2〜6個のメチレングリコールのジメ
タクリレート及びジナクリレート等が好ましく、
これらは全ビニルモノマー中、0〜20重量%使用
される。これら1分子中に1個のビニル基を有す
るビニルモノマー及び1分子中に2個のビニル基
を有するビニルモノマーは単独で又は2種以上組
み合わせて使用することができる。
上記ビニルモノマーは、溶液重合、塊状重合、
乳化重合、懸濁重合等任意の方法で重合させるこ
とができる。
ビニルモノマーの重合に際し、使用される重合
開始剤としては、過酸化アセチル、過酸化デカノ
イル、過酸化ラウロイル、過酸化ベンゾイル、過
酸化P−クロロベンゾイル、過酸化2,4−ジク
ロロベンゾイル、過ジ炭酸ジイソプロピル、過ジ
炭酸ジ−2−エチル−ヘキシル、アセチルシクロ
ヘキサンスルホニルペルオキシド、1,1−ビス
(t−ブチルパーオキシ)3,3,5−トリメチ
ルシクロヘキサン、過酢酸、tert−ブチル、過イ
ソ酪酸tert−ブチル、アゾビスイソブチロニトリ
ル、2,2′−アゾビス−2,4−ジメチルバレロ
ニトリル、過2−エチルヘキサン酸tert−ブチ
ル、過安息香酸tert−ブチル等公知の重合開始剤
が挙げられる。これらはビニルモノマーの総量に
対して0.1〜15重量%使用されるのが好ましい。
また、ビニルモノマーに溶解して使用するのが好
ましい。
前記重合体は、ガラス転移点が好ましくは40〜
120℃、特に好ましくは50〜100℃のものである。
ガラス転移点が低すぎるとトナーの貯蔵中又は現
像機中でケーキングを起こしやすくなり、また、
現像機中での摩擦、衝突によりトナーが微粉化さ
れやすくなる。一方、ガラス転移点が高すぎると
粉砕しがたくなり、トー製造時の粉砕が困難にな
り、また、転写物への定着強度が低下しやすくな
る。
本発明において、前記重合体を結着樹脂として
使用するものであるが、他の重合体を併せて使用
してもよい。他の重合体としては、前記した他の
ビニルモノマーの重合体又は共重合体、KR−
216,KR−220,KR−152,KR−271,KR−255
(以上信越化学工業(株)製)、SR−2400,SR−
2406,SH−840(以上東レシリコーン(株)製)など
のシリコーン樹脂あるいはノーソレツクス(cdF
chemic社製)などのノルボルネン系重合体ある
いはC−200A,C−250A(以上三菱化成工業(株)
製)、ユーピロン−1000(三菱瓦斯化学(株)製)など
のポリエステルカーボネート、あるいはリグノー
ルR−70,R−120,R−140,P−2(以上リグ
ナイト(株)製)などのキシレン樹脂あるいはエピコ
ート604,1004,1007,1009,1010,YL−903,
906(以上シエル社製)、エポミツクR304,R307,
R309(以上三井石油化学工業(株)製)などのエポキ
シ樹脂あるいはニツポールBR1220,1032,
1441,IR2200,NBR2057S,2007J(以上日本ゼ
オン(株)製)などのジエン系樹脂あるいは
ATR2005,2009,2010(以上花王石けん(株)製)な
どのポリエステル樹脂あるいはフエノー樹脂ある
いはクマロン樹脂あるいはアミド樹脂あるいはア
ミドイミド樹脂あるいはブチラール樹脂あるいは
アミノ樹脂あるいはウレタン樹脂等があり、これ
ら他の重合体はトナー中に0〜30重量%の範囲で
使用される。
本発明のトナーには着色剤及び/又は磁性粉が
含有させられる。
着色剤としては、カーボンブラツク、アセチレ
ンブラツク、ハンザイエローG、カドミウムイエ
ロー、モリブデンオレンジ、パーマネントオレン
ジ、ベンガラ、ローダミンレーキB、フアースト
バイオレツトB、メチルバイオレツトレーキ、紺
青、フタロシアニンブルー、クロムグリーン、ピ
グメントグリーンB、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、ニ
グロシン染料、メチレンブルー、ローズベンガ
ル、キシノリンイエロー、ウルトラマリンブル
ー、クロムイエロー、アニリンブルー、カルコオ
イルブルー、ローダミン6Gレーキ、ウオツチン
グレツドバリウム、ウオツチングレツドストロン
チウム、マラカイトグリーンオクサレート、デユ
ポンオイルレツド及びこれらの混合物等、従来公
知の顔料又は染料があり、これらはトナー中に1
〜60重量%の範囲で適宜選択して使用されるのが
好ましい。
本発明のトナーを1成分形のトナーとして使用
する場合磁性粉が加えられる。
磁性粉としては、鉄、マンガン、ニツケル、コ
バルト等の金属粉末、アルミニウム、コバルト、
鋼鉄、鉛、マグネシウム、ニツケル、錫、亜鉛、
アンチモン、ベリリウム、ビスマス、カドミウ
ム、カルシウム、マンガン、セレン、チタン、タ
ングステン、バナジウムのような金属の合金及び
その混合物、酸化アルミニウム、酸化鉄、酸化
銅、酸化ニツケル、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、酸化
マグネシウム、酸化クロムのような金属酸化物を
含む金属化合物、又は熱処理を施すと強磁性を示
す合金、例えばマンガン−銅−アルミニウム、マ
ンガン−銅−錫等のホイスカー合金等を使用する
ことができ、トナー中に30〜70重量%の量で含有
させることができる。磁性粉の粒径は10μm以下
が好ましく、特に1μm以下が好ましい。一成分系
トナーの場合一般には着色剤を添加しないが上記
着色剤をトナー中10重量%以下で添加してもよ
い。
本発明に係る静電荷像現像用トナーには、必要
に応じて、他の添加剤を含有させることができ
る。
その他の添加剤としては、流動性向上剤、クリ
ーニング向上剤又はオフセツト防止剤を添加する
こともできる。
流動性向上剤は、トナーに高い流動性を付与
し、トナーの連続供給を容易にして良好な画質の
可視画像を形成する役目をなす。流動性向上剤と
しては、疎水性化したシリカ粉末が最適である。
このような疎水性シリカ粉末は、表面珪素原子が
シラノール基になつている二酸化珪素の微粉末
を、例えばオクチルトリクロルシラン、デシルト
リクロルシラン、ノニルトリクロルシラン、4−
イソプロピルフエニルトリクロルシラン、4−
tert−ブチルフエニルトリクロルシラン、ジメチ
ルジクロルシラン、ジベンチマジクロルシラン、
ジヘキシルジクロルシラン、ジオクチルジクロル
シラン、ジノニルジクロルシラン、ジデシルクロ
ルシラン、ジドデシルジクロルシラン、4−tert
−ブチルフエニルオクチルジクロルシラン、ジオ
クチルジクロルシラン、ジデセニルジクロルシラ
ン、ジノネニルジクロルシラン、ジ−2−エチル
ヘキシルジクロルシラン、ジ−3,3−ジメチル
ペンチルジクロルシラン、トリメチルクロルシラ
ン、トリヘキシルクロルシラン、トリオクチルク
ロルシラン、トリデシルクロルシラン、ジオクチ
ルクロルシラン、オクチルジメチルクロルシラ
ン、4−イソプロピルフエニルジエチルクロルシ
ラン等の化合物と反応させることにより、二酸化
珪素粉子の表面珪素原子に酸素原子を介して、疎
水性基を結合させたものである。
これらの疎水性シリカ粉末は、その平均粒径が
1mμ〜100μmの範囲内にあるのが好ましく、特に
2mμ〜50μmにあるのが好ましい。1mμ未満であ
ると、粉末が飛散しやすく、取り扱いが困難であ
り、100μmを越えると、感光体に損傷を与えやす
い。
このような疎水性シリカ粉末は、アエロジル
R972、シリカD−17,R812,RA200H,RX−
C(以上、日本アエロジル(株)製)並びにタラノツ
クス500(Tulco社製)等の商品名で市販されてい
る。
前記のような疎水性シリカ粉末を他のトナー材
料と一緒に配合してトナーを製造してもよいが、
特に疎水性シリカ粉末を除くトナー材料で一旦ト
ナーを製造し、その後に疎水性シリカ粉末を添加
するのが好ましい。
疎水性シリカ粉末を添加する場合疎水性シリカ
粉末は、疎水性シリカ粉末を含まないトナー粉末
に対して0.01〜15重量%の量で加えるのが好まし
い。特に、0.1〜10重量%の添加量が好ましい。
この添加量が0.01重量%未満であると、流動性向
上の効果が現れず、15重量%を越えて添加して
も、それだけ効果が増すものではない。
クリーニング性向上剤は、トナー成分の一部が
感光体あるいはキヤリア表面に付着する、いわゆ
るフイルミング現象を防止し、長時間の連続使用
においても常にカブリのない鮮明な可視画像を形
成する役目をなす。
クリーニング性向上剤としては、飽和又は不飽
和脂肪酸の金属塩、例えば、マレイン酸、ステア
リン酸、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、カプロン
酸、リノール酸、リシノール酸又はリシノレイン
酸と亜鉛、マグネシウム、カルシウム、カドミウ
ム、鉛、鉄、ニツケル、コバルト、銅又はアルミ
ニウムとの塩が挙げられ、特にステアリン酸亜
鉛、ステアリン酸カルシウム又はステアリン酸マ
グネシウムが好ましい。
クリーニング性向上剤を使用する場合クリーニ
ング性向上剤は、前記の疎水性シリカ粉末と同様
にして添加するのが、特に好ましい。脂肪酸金属
塩は、脂肪酸金属塩及び疎水性シリカ粉末を含ま
ないトナー粉末に対して0.01〜25重量%、特に
0.1〜10重量%加えるのが好ましい。0.01重量%
未満では、クリーニング性向上の効果が現れな
い。しかし、25重量%を越えて添加しても、効果
が増すものではない。
トナー像の像支持体への定着は、一般に加熱定
着方式によるのが有利であり、この加熱定着方式
にはオーブン定着等の非接触加熱定着方式と、熱
ロール定着等の接触加熱方式とがあるが、接触加
熱定着方式は熱効率が高く、機器を小形化でき、
消費電力が少なくてすむ等の利点がある。しかし
ながら、接触加熱定着方式においては、トナー像
を担持した像支持体が熱ロール通過時にトナー像
の一部が熱ロールに転移し、熱ロールが1回転し
た後に、転移したトナー像が像支持体に再転移し
て汚染するという重大な問題がある。オフセツト
防止剤は、熱ロール定着方式においてもオフセツ
トを起こさず、良質の画像を形成させる役目をな
す。
オフセツト防止剤としては、エチレン、プロピ
レン、ブテン、ペンテン、ヘキセン、ヘプテン、
オクテン、ノネン、デセン、3−メチル−1−ブ
テン、3−メチル−2−ペンテン、3−プロピル
−5−メチル−2−ヘキセン等のオレフインモノ
マーの重合体あるいは前記のようなオレフインモ
ノマーとアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、酢酸ビニル
等との共重合体、ステアリン酸ブチル、ステアリ
ン酸プロピル等の脂肪酸の低級アルコールエステ
ル、カスタワツクス(伊藤製油(株)製)、ダイヤモ
ンドワツクス(新日本理化(株)製)等の脂肪酸の多
価アルコールエステル、パームアセチ(日本油脂
(株)製)、ヘキストワツクスE、ヘキストワツクス
−OP(ヘキストアクチエンゲゼルシヤフト製)、
カルナウバワツクス等の脂肪酸の高級アルコール
エステル、ビスアマイドブラストフロー(日東化
学工業(株)製)、アマイド6L,7S及び6H(川研フア
インケミカル(株)製)、ヘキストワツクスC(ヘキス
ト・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト製)等のアルキレ
ンビス脂肪酸アミド化合物、ステアリン酸亜鉛、
ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシ
ウム、ステアリン酸バリウム、ステアリン酸銅、
ステアリン酸アルミニウム、オレイン酸亜鉛、オ
レイン酸マグネシウム、カプリル酸亜鉛、カプリ
ル酸マグネシウム、リノール酸亜鉛、リノール酸
カルシウム等の脂肪酸金属塩、ニツポールNBR,
2057S,2007J,BR1220等の重量平均分子量が5
万以上のジエン系樹脂、ヒドロキシル基含有ビニ
ル系樹脂、カルボキシル基含有ビニル系樹脂等が
ある。
オフセツト防止剤を添加する場合オフセツト防
止剤は他のトナー材料と一緒に配合してトナーを
製造するのが特に好ましい。オフセツト防止剤
は、トナー中に0.1〜50重量%、特に1〜30重量
%の量で加えるのが好ましい。0.1重量%未満で
は、オフセツト防止の効果が現れず、50重量%を
越えて添加しても、効果が増加しない。
本発明においては、前記のような流動性向上
剤、クリーニング性向上剤及びオフセツト防止剤
を単独で添加してもよく、また併用してもよい。
前記の材料を、例えば次の方法で混合し、静電
荷像現像用トナーを製造することができる。
秤量した材料をWコーン、Vブレンダー、ヘン
シエルミキサー等で予備混合した後、加圧ニーダ
ー、バンバリーミキサー、熱ロール、エクストル
ーダー等を用いて樹脂が溶融する温度下で混練す
る。冷却後、フエザーミル、ピンミル、パルベラ
イザー、ハンマーミル等で粗粉砕する。次いでア
キユカツト、アルピネ分級機等で篩分して、好ま
しくは5〜30μmの粒径に調整する。
本発明になるトナーは、種々の公知現像法に適
用することができる。
また、本発明になるトナーは、種々の定着法、
例えば所謂オイルレス及びオイル塗布ヒートロー
ル法、フラツシユ法、オーブン法及び圧力定着法
等に用いることができる。
更に、本発明になるトナーは、種々のクリーニ
ング法、例えば所謂フアーブラシ法及びブレード
法等に用いることができる。
(実施例)
以下本発明の実施例により説明する。
実施例1〜6及び比較例1〜2
(1) 共重合体の合成
反応容器に水200重量部、懸濁剤〔ポリビニル
アルコール、デンカポバールW−24、電気化学工
業(株)商品名〕0.3重量部を仕込み均一に溶解し90
℃に昇温し、攪拌しているところへ表1に示す組
成のビニルモノマーに該ビニルモノマーに対して
2重量%の過酸化ベンゾイルを溶解した溶液を2
時間かけて滴下し、懸濁重合を行い、その後攪拌
を続けながら90℃で10時間保持した。冷却、過
した後、十分乾燥して共重合体を得た。この共重
合体のガラス転移点を表1に示す。
(2) トナーの製造
表2に示す材料を一括してヘンシエルミキサー
で予備混合後、一軸ニーダーを用い90℃で溶融混
練した。次いで冷却した混練物をピンミル及びジ
エツトミルで微粉砕し、振動篩を用いて分級して
平均粒径10〜15μmのトナーを得た。
(3) 現像剤の製造及び試験
トナー3重量部と見掛密度3.5〜4.5g/cm3,44
〜177μmの粒径の含有量が90重量%以上である酸
化鉄粉97重量部とを混合して現像剤を得た。
周速約20cm/秒で回転するOPC
(OrganicPhotoconductor,有機光導電体)ドラ
ムをコロナ電圧−6KVで一様に負帯電後、He−
Neレーザーで情報を書き込み、前記現像剤を用
いて磁気ブラシ方式により反転現像した。次いで
加圧ロール定着機で定着した。得られた定着画像
の印字部分及びカブリ部分について、マイクロフ
オトメーターMPM型(ユニオン化学(株)製)を用
いて光学反射濃度を測定した結果を表3に示す。
20万枚印刷後の印字品質は印字濃度の変化、カ
ブリの増大等により判定した。
軟質塩化ビニルによる印字欠損は、印刷物をジ
オクチルフタレートが30重量%含有される軟質塩
化ビニル重合体のシートに挟み温度40℃、荷重
100gf/cm2、試験時間300時間という条件下で行つ
た。
トナーの耐ケーキング性は温度50℃、湿度60%
RH試験時間18時間という条件下で行つた。
表3から明らかなように、実施例1〜6になる
トナーを用いた現像剤で印刷した場合、良好な定
着強度(印字濃度とカブリ濃度から判定)を示す
印字が得られ、20万枚印刷した場合でも印字品質
の低下は認められなかつた。又、軟質塩化ビニル
重合体による印字欠損も起きず、耐ケーキング特
性も良好であつた。比較例1になるトナーでは全
面にカブリが発生し評価出来ず、比較例2になる
トナーでは印刷を続けるにしたがい印字品質が低
下し耐ケーキング性も悪かつた、又、軟質塩化ビ
ニル重合体による印字欠損が生じた。The polymer of the present invention has at least one [Formula]] Among the vinyl monomers represented by the structural formulas I to V, one type of polymer or a copolymer of two or more types, and a combination of these monomers and other vinyl monomers. There is copolymerization with monomers. Preferably, the vinyl monomer represented by the structural formulas I to V is contained in the polymer component of the present invention in an amount of preferably 10% by weight or more, particularly preferably 10 to 90% by weight, and even more preferably 20 to 80% by weight. be done. If this amount is too small, the adhesion resistance and negative chargeability to the soft vinyl chloride polymer tend to be insufficient. Here, other vinyl monomers include styrene, a-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene,
Styrene derivatives such as pt-butylstyrene and p-chlorostyrene, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate , undecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, propoxyethyl methacrylate, butoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate, ethoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxyethylene glycol methacrylate,
butoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate,
Methoxydipropylene glycol methacrylate,
Phenoxyethyl methacrylate, phenoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate, phenoxytetraethylene glycol methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, dicyclopentenyl methacrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid N-vinyl-
2-pyrrolidone, methacrylonitrile, methacrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide,
Ethyl methacrylate morpholine, methacrylic acid 2
-Hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenyloxypropyl methacrylate, diacetone acrylamide, acrylic acid,
Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, acrylic acid Glycidyl, methoxyethyl acrylate, propoxyethyl acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, ethoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, methoxyethylene glycol acrylate, butoxytriethylene glycol acrylate, methoxydipropylene glycol acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate , phenoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, phenoxytetraethylene glycol acrylate, benzyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl acrylate, N-vinyl acrylate -2-pyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenyloxypropyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, Vinyl monomers having one vinyl group in each molecule such as ethyl acrylatemorpholine and vinylpyridine, divinylbenzene, reaction products of glycol and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-
Butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-
Butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol dimethacrylate, Hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester dimethacrylate, trimethylolethane trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, trismethacryloxyethyl phosphate, bis(methacryloyloxyethyl)hydroxyethyl isocyanate nurate, tris(methacryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3
-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-
Butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene diacrylate, hydroxy Neopentyl pivalate glycol diacrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, penerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritate tetraacrylate, trisacryloxyethyl phosphate, bis(methacryloyloxyethyl)
Hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, tris(methacryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate,
Half esters of glycidyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, half esters of bisphenol type epoxy resin and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, half esters of glycidyl acrylate and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, etc. Vinyl monomers having more than one vinyl group can be mentioned. Among these vinyl monomers, particularly preferred vinyl monomers having one vinyl group in one molecule include styrene, styrene derivatives, methacrylic esters, acrylic esters, etc.
In particular, alkyl esters of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl group are preferred. For vinyl monomers having two or more hinyl groups in one molecule, divinylbenzene,
Preferred are dimethacrylate and dinacrylate of methylene glycol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms,
These are used in an amount of 0 to 20% by weight based on the total vinyl monomers. These vinyl monomers having one vinyl group in one molecule and vinyl monomers having two vinyl groups in one molecule can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The above vinyl monomer can be polymerized by solution polymerization, bulk polymerization,
Polymerization can be carried out by any method such as emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization. Polymerization initiators used in the polymerization of vinyl monomers include acetyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, P-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, and perdicarbonate. Diisopropyl, di-2-ethyl-hexyl perdicarbonate, acetylcyclohexane sulfonyl peroxide, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, peracetic acid, tert-butyl, tert perisobutyric acid -butyl, azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, and other known polymerization initiators. . Preferably, these are used in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of vinyl monomers.
Moreover, it is preferable to use it by dissolving it in a vinyl monomer. The polymer preferably has a glass transition point of 40 to 40.
The temperature is 120°C, particularly preferably 50 to 100°C.
If the glass transition point is too low, caking will easily occur during toner storage or in the developing machine, and
Toner tends to become fine powder due to friction and collisions in the developing machine. On the other hand, if the glass transition point is too high, it becomes difficult to crush, making it difficult to crush during toe production, and the fixing strength to the transfer material tends to decrease. In the present invention, the above polymer is used as a binder resin, but other polymers may also be used in combination. Other polymers include polymers or copolymers of other vinyl monomers mentioned above, KR-
216, KR-220, KR-152, KR-271, KR-255
(Manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), SR-2400, SR-
Silicone resins such as 2406, SH-840 (manufactured by Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.) or Nosolex (cdF)
norbornene polymers such as C-200A, C-250A (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), etc.
polyester carbonates such as Iupilon-1000 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.); Epicote 604, 1004, 1007, 1009, 1010, YL-903,
906 (manufactured by Ciel), Epomitsuku R304, R307,
Epoxy resin such as R309 (manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.) or Nitzpol BR1220, 1032,
Diene resins such as 1441, IR2200, NBR2057S, 2007J (manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) or
There are polyester resins such as ATR2005, 2009, and 2010 (manufactured by Kao Soap Co., Ltd.), phenol resins, coumaron resins, amide resins, amide imide resins, butyral resins, amino resins, urethane resins, etc., and these other polymers are used in toners. It is used in the range of 0 to 30% by weight. The toner of the present invention contains a colorant and/or magnetic powder. Coloring agents include carbon black, acetylene black, Hansa Yellow G, cadmium yellow, molybdenum orange, permanent orange, red iron oxide, rhodamine lake B, first violet B, methyl violet lake, dark blue, phthalocyanine blue, chrome green, and pigment. Green B, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, nigrosine dye, methylene blue, rose bengal, xinoline yellow, ultramarine blue, chrome yellow, aniline blue, calco oil blue, rhodamine 6G lake, watching red barium, watching red strontium , malachite green oxalate, Dupont Oil Red, and mixtures thereof, which are present in the toner at 1%.
It is preferable to use it in an appropriate amount within the range of 60% by weight. When the toner of the present invention is used as a one-component toner, magnetic powder is added. Magnetic powders include metal powders such as iron, manganese, nickel, and cobalt, aluminum, cobalt,
steel, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin, zinc,
Alloys and mixtures of metals such as antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, Metal compounds containing metal oxides such as chromium oxide, or alloys that exhibit ferromagnetism when heat treated, such as whisker alloys such as manganese-copper-aluminum, manganese-copper-tin, etc., can be used. It can be contained in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight. The particle size of the magnetic powder is preferably 10 μm or less, particularly preferably 1 μm or less. In the case of a one-component toner, generally no colorant is added, but the colorant may be added in an amount of 10% by weight or less in the toner. The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the present invention may contain other additives, if necessary. As other additives, flowability improvers, cleaning improvers or offset inhibitors may also be added. The fluidity improver serves to impart high fluidity to the toner, facilitate continuous supply of the toner, and form a visible image of good quality. Hydrophobic silica powder is most suitable as the fluidity improver.
Such hydrophobic silica powder is made by combining fine powder of silicon dioxide whose surface silicon atoms are silanol groups, such as octyltrichlorosilane, decyltrichlorosilane, nonyltrichlorosilane, 4-
Isopropylphenyltrichlorosilane, 4-
tert-butylphenyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dibenzimadichlorosilane,
Dihexyldichlorosilane, dioctyldichlorosilane, dinonyldichlorosilane, didecyldichlorosilane, didodecyldichlorosilane, 4-tert
-Butylphenyloctyldichlorosilane, dioctyldichlorosilane, didecenyldichlorosilane, dinonenyldichlorosilane, di-2-ethylhexyldichlorosilane, di-3,3-dimethylpentyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlor By reacting with compounds such as silane, trihexylchlorosilane, trioctylchlorosilane, tridecylchlorosilane, dioctylchlorosilane, octyldimethylchlorosilane, and 4-isopropylphenyldiethylchlorosilane, the surface silicon of silicon dioxide powder can be removed. A hydrophobic group is bonded to an atom via an oxygen atom. These hydrophobic silica powders have an average particle size of
It is preferably within the range of 1 mμ to 100 μm, especially
It is preferably between 2 mμ and 50 μm. If it is less than 1 mμ, the powder tends to scatter and is difficult to handle, and if it exceeds 100 μm, it tends to damage the photoreceptor. Such hydrophobic silica powder is
R972, Silica D-17, R812, RA200H, RX-
It is commercially available under trade names such as C (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and Taranox 500 (manufactured by Tulco). Although a toner may be manufactured by blending the hydrophobic silica powder as described above with other toner materials,
In particular, it is preferable to once manufacture a toner using toner materials excluding hydrophobic silica powder, and then add hydrophobic silica powder. When hydrophobic silica powder is added, the hydrophobic silica powder is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 15% by weight based on the toner powder not containing the hydrophobic silica powder. Particularly preferred is an addition amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight.
If the amount added is less than 0.01% by weight, the effect of improving fluidity will not appear, and even if it is added in excess of 15% by weight, the effect will not increase accordingly. The cleaning performance improver prevents the so-called filming phenomenon in which a portion of the toner components adheres to the surface of the photoreceptor or carrier, and serves to form a clear visible image without fogging even during long-term continuous use. Cleanability improvers include metal salts of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, such as maleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, caproic acid, linoleic acid, ricinoleic acid or ricinoleic acid with zinc, magnesium, calcium, cadmium, Mention may be made of salts with lead, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper or aluminum, with zinc stearate, calcium stearate or magnesium stearate being particularly preferred. When a cleaning performance improver is used, it is particularly preferable that the cleaning performance improvement agent is added in the same manner as the hydrophobic silica powder described above. The fatty acid metal salt is 0.01 to 25% by weight, especially based on the toner powder not containing the fatty acid metal salt and the hydrophobic silica powder.
It is preferable to add 0.1 to 10% by weight. 0.01% by weight
If it is less than that, the effect of improving cleaning performance will not be exhibited. However, adding more than 25% by weight does not increase the effect. It is generally advantageous to fix a toner image on an image support by a heat fixing method, and this heat fixing method includes a non-contact heat fixing method such as oven fixing, and a contact heating method such as hot roll fixing. However, the contact heat fixing method has high thermal efficiency and allows equipment to be made smaller.
It has advantages such as low power consumption. However, in the contact heat fixing method, when the image support carrying the toner image passes through the heat roll, part of the toner image is transferred to the heat roll, and after the heat roll has made one revolution, the transferred toner image is transferred to the image support. There is a serious problem of re-metastasis and contamination. The anti-offset agent plays a role in forming high-quality images without causing offset even in the hot roll fixing system. Offset inhibitors include ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene,
Polymers of olefin monomers such as octene, nonene, decene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-2-pentene, 3-propyl-5-methyl-2-hexene, or the above-mentioned olefin monomers and acrylic acid. , copolymers with methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, etc., lower alcohol esters of fatty acids such as butyl stearate, propyl stearate, casta wax (manufactured by Ito Oil Co., Ltd.), diamond wax (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) Polyhydric alcohol esters of fatty acids such as palm acetate (NOF)
Co., Ltd.), Hoechstwax E, Hoechstwax-OP (manufactured by Hoechst Aktiengesellshaft),
Higher alcohol esters of fatty acids such as carnauba wax, Bisamide Blast Flow (manufactured by Nitto Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Amide 6L, 7S and 6H (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), Hoechst Wax C (Hoechst・Alkylene bis fatty acid amide compounds (manufactured by Aktiengesellschaft), zinc stearate,
Calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, barium stearate, copper stearate,
Fatty acid metal salts such as aluminum stearate, zinc oleate, magnesium oleate, zinc caprylate, magnesium caprylate, zinc linoleate, calcium linoleate, Nitupol NBR,
The weight average molecular weight of 2057S, 2007J, BR1220, etc. is 5.
There are over 10,000 diene resins, hydroxyl group-containing vinyl resins, carboxyl group-containing vinyl resins, etc. When an anti-offset agent is added, it is particularly preferred that the anti-offset agent be blended with other toner materials to produce the toner. The anti-offset agent is preferably added to the toner in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, especially 1 to 30% by weight. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of preventing offset will not appear, and if it is added in excess of 50% by weight, the effect will not increase. In the present invention, the above fluidity improver, cleaning performance improver and offset inhibitor may be added alone or in combination. The above-mentioned materials can be mixed, for example, by the following method to produce a toner for developing electrostatic images. The weighed materials are premixed using a W cone, V blender, Henschel mixer, etc., and then kneaded using a pressure kneader, Banbury mixer, hot roll, extruder, etc. at a temperature at which the resin melts. After cooling, it is coarsely ground using a feather mill, pin mill, pulverizer, hammer mill, etc. Next, the particles are sieved using an Akiyukatsu or Alpine classifier to adjust the particle size to preferably 5 to 30 μm. The toner of the present invention can be applied to various known developing methods. Further, the toner of the present invention can be used by various fixing methods,
For example, it can be used in so-called oil-less and oil-coated heat roll methods, flashing methods, oven methods, pressure fixing methods, and the like. Furthermore, the toner of the present invention can be used in various cleaning methods, such as the so-called fur brush method and blade method. (Examples) The present invention will be explained below using examples. Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 (1) Synthesis of copolymer In a reaction vessel, 200 parts by weight of water and a suspending agent [polyvinyl alcohol, Denka Poval W-24, trade name of Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.] 0.3 Prepare 90 parts by weight and dissolve uniformly.
The temperature was raised to ℃, and while stirring, a solution of 2% by weight of benzoyl peroxide dissolved in a vinyl monomer having the composition shown in Table 1 was added.
The solution was added dropwise over a period of time to perform suspension polymerization, and then kept at 90°C for 10 hours while stirring. After cooling and filtering, the mixture was thoroughly dried to obtain a copolymer. Table 1 shows the glass transition temperature of this copolymer. (2) Manufacture of toner The materials shown in Table 2 were premixed all at once using a Henschel mixer, and then melted and kneaded at 90°C using a uniaxial kneader. The cooled kneaded product was then finely pulverized using a pin mill and a jet mill, and classified using a vibrating sieve to obtain a toner having an average particle size of 10 to 15 μm. (3) Manufacture and testing of developer Toner 3 parts by weight and apparent density 3.5 to 4.5 g/cm 3 , 44
A developer was obtained by mixing with 97 parts by weight of iron oxide powder containing 90% by weight or more of particle sizes of ~177 μm. OPC rotates at a circumferential speed of approximately 20cm/sec
(Organic Photoconductor) After uniformly negatively charging the drum with a corona voltage of -6KV,
Information was written using a Ne laser, and reversal development was performed using the developer using a magnetic brush method. Then, it was fixed using a pressure roll fixing machine. Table 3 shows the results of measuring the optical reflection density of the printed portion and fogged portion of the obtained fixed image using a microphotometer MPM type (manufactured by Union Chemical Co., Ltd.). The print quality after printing 200,000 sheets was judged by changes in print density, increase in fog, etc. Print defects caused by soft vinyl chloride can be resolved by sandwiching the printed material between sheets of soft vinyl chloride polymer containing 30% by weight of dioctyl phthalate at a temperature of 40°C and under a load.
The test was carried out under the conditions of 100 gf/cm 2 and a test time of 300 hours. The toner's caking resistance is at a temperature of 50℃ and humidity of 60%.
The RH test was conducted under conditions of 18 hours. As is clear from Table 3, when printing with the developer using the toners of Examples 1 to 6, prints with good fixing strength (as judged from print density and fog density) were obtained, and 200,000 sheets were printed. No deterioration in print quality was observed even in this case. Furthermore, no printing defects were caused by the soft vinyl chloride polymer, and the caking resistance was also good. With the toner of Comparative Example 1, fog occurred on the entire surface and could not be evaluated, and with the toner of Comparative Example 2, the print quality deteriorated as printing continued and the caking resistance was poor. Print defects occurred.
【表】 Γ 表中の数値(Tgを除く)は重量部を示す。 Γ ガラス転移温度の測定条件 サーモメカニカル・アナリシス法 ペレネーシヨンモード 荷重70gf昇温速度10℃/分 [Table] Γ Values in the table (excluding Tg) indicate parts by weight. Γ Glass transition temperature measurement conditions Thermomechanical analysis method Pernation mode Load 70gf Temperature increase rate 10℃/min
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
【表】
☆ 濃度は光学反射濃度である。
* 2万枚で印字濃度が1.0に低下し、カブリ濃度が0.
15に増大した。10万枚では印字濃度は1.4に低
下し、カブリ濃度は0.3に増大した。
(発明の効果)
本発明になる静電荷像現像用負帯電性トナーは
従来問題となつていた帯電制御剤を用いずに荷電
制御を行うことの出来るトナーであり、帯電制御
剤を使用しないことによりカブリやフレーミング
の発生、印字濃度変化を無くすことが出来る。又
本発明になるトナーは軟質塩化ビニル重合体に付
着しない。[Table] ☆ Density is optical reflection density.
*Print density drops to 1.0 after 20,000 sheets, and fog density drops to 0.
Increased to 15. At 100,000 sheets, the print density decreased to 1.4 and the fog density increased to 0.3.
(Effects of the Invention) The negatively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic images according to the present invention is a toner that can control charge without using a charge control agent, which has been a problem in the past, and does not use a charge control agent. This makes it possible to eliminate fogging, framing, and changes in print density. Furthermore, the toner of the present invention does not adhere to soft vinyl chloride polymers.
Claims (1)
るビニルモノマーを構成成分とする重合体を結着
樹脂として含有してなる静電荷像現像用負帯電性
トナー。 (ただし、上記式中、R1,X1及びX2は各々独
立して水素又はメチル基、R2は炭素数1〜6の
アルキレン基、R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9及
びR10は各々独立して水素、炭素数1〜4のアル
キル基、ハロゲン又は【式】であり、こ こで、R11,R12及びR13は各々独立して水素又は
炭素数1〜3のアルキル基であり、構造式I乃至
Vは各々 【式】を少なくとも一つ有する)[Scope of Claims] 1. A negatively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic images, which contains a polymer having a vinyl monomer represented by any of the following structural formulas I to V as a binder resin. (However, in the above formula, R 1 , X 1 and X 2 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group, R 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen or [Formula], where R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are each independently Hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and each of structural formulas I to V has at least one [formula])
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60223326A JPS6281643A (en) | 1985-10-07 | 1985-10-07 | Negatively electrostatic chargeable toner for electrostatic charge image development |
US06/915,492 US4686166A (en) | 1985-10-07 | 1986-10-06 | Electrophoto toner comprising imido group monomer unit in polymer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP60223326A JPS6281643A (en) | 1985-10-07 | 1985-10-07 | Negatively electrostatic chargeable toner for electrostatic charge image development |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6281643A JPS6281643A (en) | 1987-04-15 |
JPH0431582B2 true JPH0431582B2 (en) | 1992-05-26 |
Family
ID=16796396
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP60223326A Granted JPS6281643A (en) | 1985-10-07 | 1985-10-07 | Negatively electrostatic chargeable toner for electrostatic charge image development |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS6281643A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU743197B2 (en) | 1997-06-20 | 2002-01-24 | Toagosei Co., Ltd. | New acrylates and actinic radiation-curable compositions containing them |
KR100592816B1 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2006-06-23 | 도아고세이가부시키가이샤 | Pressure-sensitive adhesive composition curable with actinic energy ray and pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61156145A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-15 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Electrostatic charge image developing toner |
-
1985
- 1985-10-07 JP JP60223326A patent/JPS6281643A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61156145A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-15 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Electrostatic charge image developing toner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6281643A (en) | 1987-04-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4733563B2 (en) | Orange toner for electrophotography and image forming apparatus using the same | |
JPH05341577A (en) | Toner for electrophotographic developing | |
JPH0431582B2 (en) | ||
JPH0254943B2 (en) | ||
JPS63218970A (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JP4043727B2 (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge development and image forming method using the same | |
JP2003223018A (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing color toner | |
JPH0411863B2 (en) | ||
JPS6278570A (en) | Production of toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JPH06102709A (en) | Magnetic particle and its production | |
JPH01225962A (en) | Developer for magnetic brush development | |
JPH01304467A (en) | Production of toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JPH1195484A (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner | |
JP3582039B2 (en) | Electrophotographic toner | |
JPH07114201A (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner, its production, and developer | |
JPS63184763A (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JP2000258962A (en) | Electrostatic latent image developing toner | |
JPS6162049A (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JPH01291258A (en) | Toner composition | |
JPH01297662A (en) | Binder resin for toner, developing toner for electrostatic charge image, and developing agent for electrostatic charge image | |
JPH01201672A (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JPS6162047A (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JPH03213874A (en) | Production of toner for developing electrostatic charge image | |
JPH07319202A (en) | Electrophotographic developer | |
JPS63169661A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development |