JPH01297662A - Binder resin for toner, developing toner for electrostatic charge image, and developing agent for electrostatic charge image - Google Patents
Binder resin for toner, developing toner for electrostatic charge image, and developing agent for electrostatic charge imageInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01297662A JPH01297662A JP63128888A JP12888888A JPH01297662A JP H01297662 A JPH01297662 A JP H01297662A JP 63128888 A JP63128888 A JP 63128888A JP 12888888 A JP12888888 A JP 12888888A JP H01297662 A JPH01297662 A JP H01297662A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- binder resin
- acrylate
- methacrylate
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 20
- -1 styrene Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- AOCWFZYXOMHKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CCOC(O)COCCO AOCWFZYXOMHKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C INQDDHNZXOAFFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTJDGKYFJYEAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)C=C PTJDGKYFJYEAOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNZNJOQNLFEAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-morpholin-4-ylethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCN1CCOCC1 MNZNJOQNLFEAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000987 azo dye Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJPQIRJHIZUAQP-MRXNPFEDSA-N benalaxyl-M Chemical compound CC=1C=CC=C(C)C=1N([C@H](C)C(=O)OC)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CJPQIRJHIZUAQP-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVAGYCLEIYGJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(dioctyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCCCC CVAGYCLEIYGJQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene hexane Natural products CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HFXVXHPSVLHXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 HFXVXHPSVLHXCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1 HHQAGBQXOWLTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)(C)CO SZCWBURCISJFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorobenzoyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-trimethylphenanthrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1C MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGRXUECZGSQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yloxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.COCC(O)COC(C)CO XGRXUECZGSQQRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHLWGJNVYHBNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yloxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COCC(O)COC(C)CO UHLWGJNVYHBNBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNMWUXNIUIGTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CCCCOC(O)COCCOCCO DNMWUXNIUIGTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNIRVVPHSLTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(O)COCCO OBNIRVVPHSLTEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGHKVCJFHNKOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyethane-1,2-diol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound COC(O)CO.CC(=C)C(O)=O OGHKVCJFHNKOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKMWWXGSJSEDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyethane-1,2-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(O)CO GKMWWXGSJSEDLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMIZWXDKTUGEES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-di(cyclopenten-1-yloxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1CCCC=1OC(COC(=O)C(=C)C)OC1=CCCC1 JMIZWXDKTUGEES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCLUJRFBZBVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-methoxyethanol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(O)COCCO CMCLUJRFBZBVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PITLEXLWAKFCAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1-phenoxyethanol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.OCCOCC(O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 PITLEXLWAKFCAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](=O)CCCC JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNMRTWIPHVMKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(didodecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCCCCCCCC CNMRTWIPHVMKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRAYZPGATNMOSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(dihexyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCC NRAYZPGATNMOSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCBOFFVPUUXQEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(dipentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCC QCBOFFVPUUXQEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHRGVUNNMPOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro-di(nonyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)CCCCCCCCC RHRGVUNNMPOEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQNSVANSEBPSMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclopentenyl methacrylate Chemical compound C12CC=CC2C2CC(OC(=O)C(=C)C)C1C2.C12C=CCC2C2CC(OC(=O)C(=C)C)C1C2 AQNSVANSEBPSMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-[3-(ethylamino)-6-ethylimino-2,7-dimethylxanthen-9-yl]benzoate;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=2C=C(C)C(NCC)=CC=2OC2=CC(=[NH+]CC)C(C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC VYXSBFYARXAAKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJLHXXNSHHGFLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CNC.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C DJLHXXNSHHGFLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPBJPFJVNDHMEG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;octanoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O HPBJPFJVNDHMEG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyl chloride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(Cl)=O VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(N)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUCXVPAZUDVVBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-[3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CCNC)OC1=CC=CC=C1C LUCXVPAZUDVVBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(octadecanoylamino)methyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKEDKQWWISEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LKEDKQWWISEKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065472 octyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTAXGNQLYFDKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC BTAXGNQLYFDKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940051201 quinoline yellow Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012752 quinoline yellow Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004172 quinoline yellow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012313 reversal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sbb057044 Chemical compound C12CC=CC2C2CC(OCCOC(=O)C=C)C1C2 RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HLWCOIUDOLYBGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(decyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl HLWCOIUDOLYBGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSBOTKQTCWQWMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(nonyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl SSBOTKQTCWQWMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl RCHUVCPBWWSUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWLKFNXBIZSMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)silane Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C([Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 MWLKFNXBIZSMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODNJVAVDJKOYFK-GRVYQHKQSA-L zinc;(9z,12z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ODNJVAVDJKOYFK-GRVYQHKQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L zinc;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O LPEBYPDZMWMCLZ-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/0874—Polymers comprising hetero rings in the side chains
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
(産業上の利用分野)
本発明は電子写真、静電記録等の分野で使用されるトナ
ー用結着樹脂、静電荷像現像用トナー及び静電荷像現像
剤に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a binder resin for a toner, a toner for developing an electrostatic image, and an electrostatic image developer used in fields such as electrophotography and electrostatic recording.
(従来の技術)
電子写真方式は、米国特許第2,297,691号明細
書、英国特許第1.165.406号及び同第1.16
5,405号明細書に記載されているように。(Prior art) The electrophotographic method is described in US Pat. No. 2,297,691, British Patent No. 1.165.406 and British Patent No. 1.16.
As described in No. 5,405.
光導電性物質を利用した感光体上へ一様々静電荷を与え
る帯電工程、光を照射して靜電潜儂を形成させる露光工
程、潜像部分にトナーを付着させる現像工程、トナー像
支持体に転写させる転写工程。A charging process that uses a photoconductive substance to apply various electrostatic charges onto the photoreceptor, an exposure process that irradiates light to form a static latent image, a development process that attaches toner to the latent image area, and a toner image support. Transfer process to transfer.
該トナー像を熱、圧力、フラッシュ光等で像支持体に固
着させる定着工程、感光体上に残存したトナーを除去す
る清掃工程及び感光体上の静電荷を除き、初期状態に戻
す除電工程からなり、これらの工程が繰り返えされて幾
枚もの印刷物が得られる。From the fixing step of fixing the toner image to the image support using heat, pressure, flash light, etc., the cleaning step of removing toner remaining on the photoreceptor, and the static charge removal step of removing static charge on the photoreceptor and returning it to its initial state. These steps are repeated to obtain a number of printed materials.
電子写真の分野に使用される静電荷像現像用トナーとし
ては、ポリスチレン樹脂を用いたトナー(特公昭44−
16118号公報)、スチレン−メタクリル酸ブチル共
重合樹脂を用いたトナー(%公昭56−11143号公
報)等のスチレン・アクリル樹脂を用いたトナー、ビス
フェノニルとエピクロルヒドリンを反応させて得られる
ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂を用いたトナー(%開昭
57−96354号公報)、ビスフェノール骨格を有す
るグリコールと多塩基酸とを反応させて得られるポリエ
ステル樹脂を用いたトナー(特公昭52−25420号
公報)等が知られているが。Toners for developing electrostatic images used in the field of electrophotography include toners using polystyrene resin (Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-
16118), toners using styrene/acrylic resins such as toners using styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer resin (% Publication No. 11143/1983), and bisphenol-type epoxy resins obtained by reacting bisphenol and epichlorohydrin. Toners using a polyester resin obtained by reacting a glycol having a bisphenol skeleton with a polybasic acid (Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-25420) are known. Although it is.
スチレン・アクリル樹脂は他の樹脂に比べて分子量、ガ
ラス転移点、溶融粘度等の樹脂物性を広範囲に操作でき
、トナーの設計上、極めて有利であることからトナーの
大半はこのスチレン・アクリル樹脂を用いたトナーで占
められている。Compared to other resins, styrene/acrylic resin can be controlled over a wide range of resin properties such as molecular weight, glass transition point, and melt viscosity, which is extremely advantageous in toner design, so the majority of toners are made using styrene/acrylic resin. It is occupied by the used toner.
また、これらのトナーに好ましい正帯電性を持たせるに
は、結着樹脂に正帯電性を付与する物質(以下、正帯電
性付与物質という)1例えばニグロシン染料(特公昭5
9−11901号公報)。In addition, in order to impart preferable positive chargeability to these toners, a substance that imparts positive chargeability to the binder resin (hereinafter referred to as a positive chargeability imparting substance) 1, for example, nigrosine dye (Japanese Patent Publication No.
9-11901).
トリフェニルメタン系染料(特開昭58−192048
号公報)、第四級アンモニウム塩(%開昭58−915
4号公報)等を添加する方法や、正帯電性付与モノマー
、例えばビニルピリジン(特公昭51−27598号公
報)9モルホリノエチルメタクリレート(%開昭54−
41729号公報)。Triphenylmethane dye (JP-A-58-192048
Publication No.), quaternary ammonium salt (% 1989-915
4), or positively charging monomers such as vinylpyridine (Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-27598), 9 morpholinoethyl methacrylate (%
41729).
ジアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(特公
昭41−9472号公報)等を共重合させ。Dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate (Japanese Patent Publication No. 41-9472), etc. are copolymerized.
結着樹脂自体を正帯電性にする方法がある。There is a method of making the binder resin itself positively chargeable.
(発明が解決しようとする課題) しかしながら特公昭59−11901号公報。(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-11901.
特開昭58−192048号公報及び特開昭58−91
54号公報に開示されている正帯電性付与物質を添加し
たトナーにおいては、結着樹脂中への正帯電性付与物質
の分散が均一に行われず、トナー各粒子の電荷が広範囲
に分布するため、カプリを発生しやすい、或いは正帯電
性付与物質が感光体表面、マグネットロール表面及びキ
ャリア表面に付着してフィルミング現象を起こし、印字
濃度変化、白抜け、解像度低下等の印字障害を発生しや
すい等の問題があった。JP-A-58-192048 and JP-A-58-91
In the toner disclosed in Publication No. 54, in which the positive chargeability imparting substance is added, the positive chargeability imparting substance is not uniformly dispersed in the binder resin, and the charge of each toner particle is distributed over a wide range. , Capri tends to occur, or positively charged substances adhere to the photoconductor surface, magnet roll surface, and carrier surface, causing a filming phenomenon, resulting in printing problems such as changes in print density, white spots, and decreased resolution. There were problems such as ease of use.
一方、特公昭51−27598号公報、特開昭54−4
1729号公報及び特公昭41−9472号公報におい
ては、結着樹脂自体が正帯電性であるので、正帯電性付
与物質の不均一分散に起因するような問題はない。しか
し、結着樹脂が易吸湿性であるためか、該樹脂を用いた
トナーは環境条件の変化に過敏で、印字濃度変化、白抜
は等の印字障害を起こしやすく、実用性に乏しかった。On the other hand, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-27598, Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-4
In Japanese Patent Publication No. 1729 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 41-9472, since the binder resin itself is positively chargeable, there is no problem caused by non-uniform dispersion of the positively chargeable substance. However, perhaps because the binder resin is easily hygroscopic, toners using this resin are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and are prone to print problems such as changes in print density and white spots, making them impractical.
本発明は、これらの諸問題を解決したトナー用結着樹脂
、トナー及び現像剤を提供することを目的とするもので
ある。An object of the present invention is to provide a binder resin for toner, a toner, and a developer that solve these problems.
(課題を解決するための手段)
本発明は、−殺人(I);
(但し、R1及びR8は、水素又はメチル基を示す)で
表わされるモノマーを構成成分として有するトナー用結
着樹脂、それを含有してなるトナー及び現像剤に関する
。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides a binder resin for toner having as a constituent component a monomer represented by -murder (I); (wherein R1 and R8 represent hydrogen or methyl group); The present invention relates to a toner and a developer containing the following.
本発明に係るトナー用結着樹脂は、上記−殺人(1)で
表わされるモノマー(以下、「本発明の特定モノマー」
という)を必須成分として含むものである。The binder resin for toner according to the present invention is a monomer represented by the above-mentioned (1) (hereinafter referred to as "specific monomer of the present invention").
) as an essential component.
すなわち、結着樹脂として次のものが使用される。That is, the following binder resins are used.
囚 本発明の特定モノマーのうち少なくとも一種と他の
モノマーとの共重合体
(Bl 上記(3)の共重合体と他の樹脂との混合物
(C1本発明の特定上ツマ−のうち一種の重合体及び/
又は本発明の特定モノマーのうち二種以上の共重合体と
上記(3)の共重合体及び/又は他の樹脂との混合物
本発明の特定モノマーは、そのうちの少なくとも一種が
結着樹脂を構成するモノマー総量中好ましくは1〜90
重量%、さらに好ましくは3〜60重量%、特に好まし
くは5〜40重iチ含まれるように配合される。本発明
の特定モノマーの配合量が少なすぎると正帯電性が不十
分となり。A copolymer of at least one of the specific monomers of the present invention and another monomer (B1) A mixture of the copolymer of (3) above and another resin (C1 A copolymer of at least one of the specific monomers of the present invention and another monomer) Combine and/
or a mixture of two or more copolymers of the specific monomers of the present invention and the above copolymer (3) and/or another resin.The specific monomers of the present invention, at least one of which constitutes the binder resin. Preferably 1 to 90 in the total amount of monomers
The content is preferably 3 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 40% by weight. If the amount of the specific monomer of the present invention is too small, the positive chargeability will be insufficient.
結局帯電制御剤の助けが必要となり、上述の印字障害の
発生をきたす結果となる。一方、多すぎると、トナーと
しての必須性能(定着性、保存性など)が備わらないな
どの問題が生ずる。Eventually, the assistance of a charge control agent is required, resulting in the occurrence of the above-mentioned printing failure. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, problems may arise such as the toner not having the essential properties (fixing properties, storage stability, etc.).
本発明の特定モノマーとしては次のようなものがある。Specific monomers of the present invention include the following.
上記の特定モノマーは、−殺人
ル酸またはメタクリル酸とをエステル化させる方法、上
記アルコールとアクリル酸クロライド、メタクリル酸ク
ロライドとを酸結合剤の存在下に反応させる方法、上記
アルコールと低級アルキルエステルまたはメタクリル酸
低級アルキルエステルとを中性または塩基性のエステル
交換反応触媒の存在下にエステル交換反応させる方法等
の公知の製造法によって得ることができる。The above-mentioned specific monomers include - a method of esterifying the above-mentioned acidic acid or methacrylic acid, a method of reacting the above-mentioned alcohol with acrylic acid chloride or methacrylic acid chloride in the presence of an acid binder, a method of reacting the above-mentioned alcohol with a lower alkyl ester or It can be obtained by a known production method such as a method of transesterifying a lower alkyl methacrylic acid ester in the presence of a neutral or basic transesterification catalyst.
又、上記他のモノマーとしては9次のものが使用し得る
。Further, as the other monomers mentioned above, 9th order monomers can be used.
スチレン、α−,メチルスチレン、p−メチルスチレン
、p−t−ブチルスチレン、p−クロルスチレン、ヒド
ロキシスチレン等のスチレン誘導体。Styrene derivatives such as styrene, α-, methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, pt-butylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, and hydroxystyrene.
メタクリル酸、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチ
ル、メタクリル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタ
クリル酸ペンチル、メタクリル酸へΦシル、メタクリル
酸へブチル、メタクリル酸オ・クチルウメタクリル酸ノ
ニル、メタクリル酸デシル、メタクリル酸ウンデシル、
メタクリル酸ドデシル、メタクリル酸グリシジル、メタ
クリル酸メトキシエチル、メタクリル酸プロポキシエチ
ル。Methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, Φyl methacrylate, hebutyl methacrylate, o-cutyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Undecyl,
Dodecyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, propoxyethyl methacrylate.
メタクリル酸ブトキシエチル、メタクリル酸エトキシジ
エチレングリコール、メタクリル酸エトキシジエチレン
グリコール、メタクリル酸メトキシエチレングリコール
、メタクリル酸ブトキシトリエチレングリコール、メタ
クリル酸メトキシジプロピレングリコール、メタクリル
酸フェノキシエチル、メタクリル酸フェノキシジエチレ
ングリコール、メタクリル酸フェノキシテトラエチレン
グリコール、メタクリル酸ベンジル、メタクリル酸シク
ロヘキシル、メタクリル酸テトラヒドロフルフリル、メ
タクリル酸ジシクロペンテニル、メタクリル酸ジシクロ
ペンテニルオキシエチル、メタクリル酸N−ビニル−2
−ピロリドン、メタクリロニトリル、メタクリルアミド
、N−メチロールメタクリルアミド、メタクリル酸2−
ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル、
メタクリル酸ヒドロキシブチル、メタクリル酸2−ヒド
ロキシ−3−フェニルオキシプロピル、メタクリル酸フ
タルイミドエチル、メタクリル酸フタルイミドプロピル
、メタクリル酸モルホリノエチル。Butoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate, ethoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxyethylene glycol methacrylate, butoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxydipropylene glycol methacrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate, phenoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate, phenoxytetraethylene methacrylate Glycol, benzyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, dicyclopentenyl methacrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate, N-vinyl-2 methacrylate
-pyrrolidone, methacrylonitrile, methacrylamide, N-methylolmethacrylamide, methacrylic acid 2-
hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl methacrylate,
Hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenyloxypropyl methacrylate, phthalimidoethyl methacrylate, phthalimidopropyl methacrylate, morpholinoethyl methacrylate.
メタクリル酸モルホリノプロピル、メタクリル酸ジメチ
ルアミンエチル、メタクリル酸ジエチルアミノエチル、
ジアセトンメタクリルアミド、アクリル酸、アクリル酸
メチル、アクリル酸エチル。Morpholinopropyl methacrylate, dimethylamine ethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate,
Diacetone methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate.
アクリル酸プロピル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸ヘ
ンチル、アクリル酸ヘキシル、アクリル酸ブチル、アク
リル酸オクチル、アクリル酸ノニル。Propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate.
アクリル酸デシル、アクリル酸ウンデシル、アクリル酸
ドデシル、アクリル酸グリシジル、アクリル酸メトキシ
エチル、アクリル酸プロポキシエチル、アクリル酸ブト
キシエチル、アクリル酸メトキシジエチレングリコール
、アクリル酸エトキシジエチレングリコール、アクリル
酸メトキシエチレングリコール、アクリル酸プトキシト
リエチレングリコール、アクリル酸メトキシジプロピレ
ングリコール、アクリル酸フェノキシエチル、アクリル
酸フェノキシジエチレングリコール、アクリル酸フェノ
キシテトラエチレングリコール、アクリル酸ヘンシル、
アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、アクリル酸テトラヒドロフ
ルフリル、アクリル酸ジシクロペンテニル、アクリル酸
ジシクロペンテニルオキシエチル、アクリル酸N−ビニ
ル−2−ビ01J )”ン、 7クリル酸ヒドロキシ
エチル、アクリル酸ヒドロキシプロピル、アクリル酸ヒ
ドロキシブチル、アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシ−3−フェ
ニルオキシプロピル、アクリル酸グリシジル、アクリロ
ニトリル、アクリルアミド、N−メチロールアクリルア
ミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、ビニルピリジン、ア
クリル酸フタルイミドエチル。Decyl acrylate, undecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, propoxyethyl acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, ethoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, methoxyethylene glycol acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate oxytriethylene glycol, methoxydipropylene glycol acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, phenoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, phenoxytetraethylene glycol acrylate, hensyl acrylate,
Cyclohexyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl acrylate, N-vinyl-2-vinyl acrylate, 7-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, acrylic Hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenyloxypropyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, vinylpyridine, phthalimidoethyl acrylate.
アクリル酸フタルイミドプロピル、アクリル酸モルホリ
ノエチル、アクリル酸モルホリノプロピル。Phthalimidopropyl acrylate, morpholinoethyl acrylate, morpholinopropyl acrylate.
アクリル酸ジメチルアミノエチル、アクリル酸ジエチル
アミノエチル、ジビニルベンゼン、グリコールとメタク
リル酸あるいはアクリル酸との反応生成物9例えばエチ
レングリコールジメタクリレ−)、1.3−ブチレング
リコールジアクリレートヒドロ
5−ペンタンジオールジメタクリレー)、1.6−ヘキ
サンシオールジメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコー
ルジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリ
レート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ポ
リエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリプロピレ
ングリコールジメタクリレート、ヒドロキシピバリン酸
ネオペンチルグリコールエステルジメタクリレート、ト
リメチロールエタントリメタクリレート、トリメチロー
ルプロパントリメタクリレート、ペンタエリトリットト
リメタクリレート、ペンタエリトリットテトラメタクリ
レート、トリスメタクリロキシエチルホスフェート、ビ
ス(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)ヒドロキシエチルイ
ソシアヌレート、トリス(メタクリロイルオキシエチル
)イソシアヌレート、エチレングリコールジアクリレー
ト、1゜3−ブチレングリコールジアクリレート、1.
4−ブタンジオールジアクリレート、1.5−ベンタン
ジオールジアクリレート、1.6−ヘキサンジオ−・ル
ジアクリレート、ネオベンチルグリコールジアクI)V
−)、 ジエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリ
エチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリ
コールジアクリレート、トリプロピレンジアクリレート
、ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールジアク
リレート、トリメチロールエタントリアクリレート、ト
リメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、ペンタエリト
リットトリアクリレート、ペンタエリトリットテトラア
クリレート、トリスアクリロキシエチルホスフェート、
ビス(メタクリロイルオキシエチル)ヒドロキシエチル
イソシアヌレート、トリス(メタクリロイルオキシエチ
ル)イソシアヌレート、メタクリル酸グリシジルとメタ
クリル酸あるいはアクリル酸ノハーフエステル化物、ビ
スフェノール型エポキシ樹脂とメタクリル酸あるいはア
クリル酸のハーフエステル化物、アクリル酸グリシジル
とメタクリル酸あるいはアクリル酸のハーフエステル化
物。Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, divinylbenzene, reaction products of glycol and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid (e.g. ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate hydro-5-pentanediol diol methacrylate), 1,6-hexanethiol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol dimethacrylate, hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester dimethacrylate, Trimethylolethane trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, trismethacryloxyethyl phosphate, bis(methacryloyloxyethyl)hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, tris(methacryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, Ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1°3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1.
4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-bentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neobentyl glycol diacrylate I)V
-), diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene diacrylate, neopentyl hydroxypivalate glycol diacrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, trisacryloxyethyl phosphate,
Bis(methacryloyloxyethyl)hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, tris(methacryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate, half ester of glycidyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, half ester of bisphenol type epoxy resin and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, acrylic Half ester of glycidyl acid and methacrylic acid or acrylic acid.
これらの他のモノマーのうち、好ましいものとしては、
1分子中に1個のビニル基を有するものでは、スチレン
、スチレン誘導体、メタクリル酸エステル、アクリル酸
エステル等があり9%にアルキル基に1〜5個の炭素原
子を有するメタクリル酸あるいはアクリル酸のアルキル
エステルカ好ましい。Among these other monomers, preferred are:
Those having one vinyl group in one molecule include styrene, styrene derivatives, methacrylic esters, acrylic esters, and 9% of them include methacrylic acid or acrylic acid having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Alkyl esters are preferred.
1分子中に2個以上のビニル基を有するモノマーでは、
ジビニルベンゼン、炭素原子数2〜6個のアルキレング
リコールのジメタクリレート及びジアクリレート等が好
ましく、これらは全モノマー中、0〜20重量%使用さ
れる。In monomers having two or more vinyl groups in one molecule,
Preferred are divinylbenzene, dimethacrylates and diacrylates of alkylene glycols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and these are used in an amount of 0 to 20% by weight based on the total monomers.
本発明の特定モノマー又はこれと他の七ツマ−の混合物
は、溶液重合、塊状重合、乳化重合、懸濁重合等任意の
方法で重合させ1重合体とすることができる。この重合
に際し、使用される重合開始剤としては、過酸化アセチ
ル、過酸化デカノイル、過酸化ラウロイル、過酸化ベン
ゾイル、過酸化p−クロロベンゾイル、過酸化244−
ジクロロベンゾイル、過ジ炭酸ジイソプロピル、過ジ炭
酸ジー2−エチルーヘキシル、アセチルシクロヘキサン
スルホニルペルオキシドs 過酢酸tert −フチル
ア過イソ酪酸tert−ブチル、アゾビスイソブチロニ
トリル、λ2′−アゾビスー2.4−ジメチルバレロニ
トリル、2.2’−アゾビス−4−メトキシ−2,4−
ジメチルバレロニトリル、過2−エチルヘキサン酸te
rt−ブチル、過安息香酸tert−ブチル等公知の重
合開始剤が使用される。これらはモノマーのaf&に対
して0.1〜15重i1%使用されるのが好ましい。ま
た、モノマーに溶解して使用するのが好ましい。The specific monomer of the present invention or a mixture of it and other monomers can be polymerized into a single polymer by any method such as solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, etc. In this polymerization, the polymerization initiators used include acetyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, and 244-peroxide.
Dichlorobenzoyl, diisopropyl perdicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl perdicarbonate, acetylcyclohexane sulfonyl peroxide, tert-butyl peracetate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, azobisisobutyronitrile, λ2'-azobis-2.4- Dimethylvaleronitrile, 2,2'-azobis-4-methoxy-2,4-
Dimethylvaleronitrile, per2-ethylhexanoate
Known polymerization initiators such as rt-butyl and tert-butyl perbenzoate are used. These are preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 15 weight i1% based on the monomer af&. Moreover, it is preferable to use it by dissolving it in a monomer.
本発明のトナー用結着樹脂はガラス転移温度が50〜9
0℃に調節されるのが、特に好ましい。The binder resin for toner of the present invention has a glass transition temperature of 50 to 9.
Particular preference is given to adjusting the temperature to 0°C.
ガラス転移温度が50℃未満では、トナーが貯蔵期間中
あるいは現像機中でケーキング(トナー粒子が凝集して
塊になる現象)を起こしやすい。またガラス転移温度が
90℃を越えると、トナーが溶融混線、粉砕9分級の工
程で製造される場合。If the glass transition temperature is less than 50° C., the toner is likely to cause caking (a phenomenon in which toner particles aggregate to form lumps) during storage or in a developing machine. Further, when the glass transition temperature exceeds 90° C., when the toner is manufactured by a process of melting, mixing, and pulverizing into nine classifications.
粉砕工程に時間を費し、生産性が低下する傾向にある。The grinding process takes time and tends to reduce productivity.
更に転写材へのトナーの定着方式がヒートロール法ある
いはオープン法の場合、定着温度を高めなければならず
省エネルギー化に逆行する。Furthermore, if the method of fixing toner on the transfer material is a heat roll method or an open method, the fixing temperature must be increased, which goes against energy conservation.
本発明のトナーにおいては上記のトナー用結着樹脂を必
須成分とするが他の樹脂を併せて使用してもよい。In the toner of the present invention, the above toner binder resin is an essential component, but other resins may be used in combination.
上記他の樹脂としては、前記した他のモノマーのみの重
合体、KR−216,KR−220,KR−152,K
R−271,KR−255(以上信越化学工業■製)、
5R−2400,SR,−2406゜5H−840(以
上東しシリコーン■裂)等のシリコーン樹脂、1−ソレ
ックス(CdF chemic社製)のノルボルネン
系重合体、C−20OA。Examples of the other resins include polymers of only the other monomers mentioned above, KR-216, KR-220, KR-152, KR-216, KR-220, KR-152, K
R-271, KR-255 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical),
Silicone resins such as 5R-2400, SR, -2406°5H-840 (Silicone split), norbornene polymer of 1-Solex (manufactured by CdF chemical), and C-20OA.
C−25OA(以上三菱化成工業■製)、ニーピロンP
−1000(三菱瓦斯化学■製)等のポリエステルカー
ボネート、リグツールR−70,几−120,R−14
0,P−2(以上リグナイト■製)等のキシレン樹脂、
エビニー) 1004゜100?、1009,1010
.YL−903゜906、エピコート604(以上シェ
ル社製)。C-25OA (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Kneepilon P
Polyester carbonate such as -1000 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical ■), Rig Tool R-70, 几-120, R-14
Xylene resin such as 0, P-2 (made of lignite),
Eviny) 1004°100? , 1009, 1010
.. YL-903°906, Epicoat 604 (all manufactured by Shell).
エボミツクR304,R307,几309(以上三井石
油化学工業■製)等のエポキシ樹脂、ニラボールBR−
1220,1032,1441,ニラポールI R22
00,ニラボールNBR。Epoxy resins such as EboMitsuku R304, R307, 309 (manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries), Nilaball BR-
1220, 1032, 1441, Nirapol I R22
00, Nila Ball NBR.
20578.2007J(以上日本ゼオン■製)等のジ
エン系樹脂、PC−RESIN 2H,3H。Diene resins such as 20578.2007J (manufactured by Nippon Zeon ■), PC-RESIN 2H, 3H.
8H,IIA(以上日立化成工業■製)、ATR200
5,2009,2010f以上花王石けん■製)等のポ
リエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂。8H, IIA (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical), ATR200
5, 2009, 2010f or more (manufactured by Kao Soap ■), polyester resin, phenolic resin.
クマロン樹脂、アミド樹脂、アミドイミド樹脂。Coumaron resin, amide resin, amide imide resin.
ブチラール樹脂、アミン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂などかあシ
、これらはトナー中に0〜30重量%の量で添加される
のが好ましい。These resins, such as butyral resin, amine resin, urethane resin, etc., are preferably added to the toner in an amount of 0 to 30% by weight.
本発明のトナーには着色剤及び/又は磁性粉が含有させ
られる。The toner of the present invention contains a colorant and/or magnetic powder.
着色剤としては、カーボンブランク、アセチレンブラッ
ク、ハンザイエローG、カドミウムイエロー、モIJフ
7”ンオレンジ、パーマネントオレンジ、ペンカラ、ロ
ーダミンレーキB、 ファーストバイオレットB、メチ
ルバイオレットレーキ、紺青、フタロシアニンブルー、
クロムグリーン、ピグメントグリーンB、酸化亜鉛、酸
化チタン、ニグロシン染料、メチレンブルー、ローズベ
ンガル。Coloring agents include carbon blank, acetylene black, Hansa Yellow G, cadmium yellow, MoIJ F7” orange, permanent orange, pen color, rhodamine lake B, first violet B, methyl violet lake, navy blue, phthalocyanine blue,
Chrome green, pigment green B, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, nigrosine dye, methylene blue, rose bengal.
キノリンイエロー、ウルトラマリンブルー、クロムイエ
ロー、アニリンブルー、カルコオイルブルー、ローダミ
ン6Gレーキ、ウオッチングレッドバリウム、ウオッチ
ングレッドストロンチウム。Quinoline Yellow, Ultramarine Blue, Chrome Yellow, Aniline Blue, Calco Oil Blue, Rhodamine 6G Lake, Watching Red Barium, Watching Red Strontium.
マラカイトグリーンオクチレート。デュポンオイルレッ
ドおよびこれらの混合物など従来公知の顔料又は染料が
あり、これらはトナー中に1〜60重量%の範囲で適宜
選択して使用されるのが好ましい。Malachite green octylate. There are conventionally known pigments or dyes such as DuPont Oil Red and mixtures thereof, and these are preferably used in the toner in an appropriately selected range of 1 to 60% by weight.
本発明のトナーを1成分トナーとして使用する場合には
磁性粉が加えられる。When the toner of the present invention is used as a one-component toner, magnetic powder is added.
磁性粉としては、鉄、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト等
の金属粉末、アルミニウム、コバルト。Magnetic powders include metal powders such as iron, manganese, nickel, and cobalt, as well as aluminum and cobalt.
鋼鉄、鉛、マグネシウム、ニッケル、錫、亜鉛。Steel, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin, zinc.
アンチモン、ベリリウム、ビスマス、カドミウム。antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium.
カルシウム、マンガン、セレン、チタン、タングステン
、バナジウムのような金属の合金及びその混合物、酸化
アルミニウム、酸化鉄、酸化銅、酸化ニッケル、酸化亜
鉛、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム、酸化クロムのよう
な金属酸化物を含む金属化合物、又は熱処理を施すと強
磁性を示す合金。Alloys and mixtures of metals such as calcium, manganese, selenium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide or alloys that exhibit ferromagnetism when heat treated.
例エバマンガン−銅−アルミニウム、マンガン−銅−錫
等のホイスカー合金等を使用することができる。磁性粉
の粒径は10μm以下が好ましく。Examples Whisker alloys such as evaporated manganese-copper-aluminum, manganese-copper-tin, etc. can be used. The particle size of the magnetic powder is preferably 10 μm or less.
特に1μm以下が好ましい。これら磁性粉はトナー中に
30〜70重量%の量で含有させる。磁性粉を用いる場
合、上記着色剤をさらに添加してもよく、その量はトナ
ー中に10重11%以下が好ましい。In particular, the thickness is preferably 1 μm or less. These magnetic powders are contained in the toner in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight. When using magnetic powder, the above-mentioned coloring agent may be further added, and the amount thereof is preferably 10% by weight or less and 11% or less in the toner.
本発明のトナーには、帯電制御剤、流動性向上剤、クリ
ーニング性向上剤、オフセット防止剤等の添加剤を適宜
添加することができる。Additives such as a charge control agent, a fluidity improver, a cleaning performance improver, an offset inhibitor, and the like can be appropriately added to the toner of the present invention.
帯電制御剤としてはニグロシン染料、脂肪酸変性ニグロ
シン染料、ジブチルチンオキサイド、サリチル酸の金属
錯体、アゾ染料、アゾ染料の金属錯体など公知のものが
トナー中に0〜20重量%の量で添加される。Known charge control agents such as nigrosine dyes, fatty acid-modified nigrosine dyes, dibutyltin oxide, metal complexes of salicylic acid, azo dyes, and metal complexes of azo dyes are added to the toner in an amount of 0 to 20% by weight.
流動性向上剤は、トナーに高い流動性を付与し。Fluidity improvers provide toner with high fluidity.
トナーの連続供給を容易にして良好な画質の可視画像を
形成する役目をなす。流動性向上剤としては、疎水性化
したシリカ粉末が最適である。このような疎水性シリカ
粉末は9表面珪素原子がシラノール基になっている二酸
化珪素の微粉末を1例えばオクチルトリクロルシラン、
デシルトリクロルシラン、ノニルトリクロルシラン、4
−イソプロピルフェニルトリクロルシラン、 4− t
ert −ブチルフェニルトリクロルシラン、ジメチル
ジクロルシラン、ジペンチルジクロルシラン、ジヘキシ
ルジクロルシラン、ジオクチルジクロルシラン。It facilitates the continuous supply of toner and forms visible images of good quality. Hydrophobic silica powder is most suitable as the fluidity improver. Such hydrophobic silica powder is made by mixing fine powder of silicon dioxide, in which 9 silicon atoms on the surface are silanol groups, with 1, for example, octyltrichlorosilane,
Decyltrichlorosilane, nonyltrichlorosilane, 4
-isopropylphenyltrichlorosilane, 4-t
ert -butylphenyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dipentyldichlorosilane, dihexyldichlorosilane, dioctyldichlorosilane.
ジノニルジクロルシラン、ジデンルジク口ルシラン、ジ
ドデシルジクロルシラン、4−tert−ブチルフェニ
ルオクチルジクロルシラン、ジオクチルジクロルシラン
、ジデセニルジクロルシラン、ジノネニルシクロルシラ
ン、ジー2−エチルへキシルジクロルシラン、ジー3.
3−ジメチルペンチルジクロルシラン、トリメチルクロ
ルシラン、トリヘキシルクロルシラン、トリオクチルク
ロルシラン、トリテシルクロルシラン、ジオクチルクロ
ルシラン、オクチルジメチルクロルシラン、4−イソプ
ロピルフエニルジエチルクロルシラン等の化合物と反応
させることにより、二酸化珪素粒子の表面珪素原子に酸
素原子を介して疎水性基を結合させたものである。Dinonyldichlorosilane, didenyldichlorosilane, didodecyldichlorosilane, 4-tert-butylphenyloctyldichlorosilane, dioctyldichlorosilane, didecenyldichlorosilane, dinonenylcyclosilane, di-2-ethyl Xyldichlorosilane, G3.
React with compounds such as 3-dimethylpentyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, trihexylchlorosilane, trioctylchlorosilane, tritesylchlorosilane, dioctylchlorosilane, octyldimethylchlorosilane, 4-isopropylphenyldiethylchlorosilane, etc. As a result, a hydrophobic group is bonded to the surface silicon atoms of silicon dioxide particles via oxygen atoms.
これらの疎水性シリカ粉末は、その平均粒径が1mμm
〜100μmの範囲内にあるのが好ましく。These hydrophobic silica powders have an average particle size of 1 mμm.
It is preferably within the range of ~100 μm.
特に2mβm〜50μmにあるのが好ましい。1mμm
未満であると、粉末が飛散しやすく、取り扱いが困難で
あり、100μmを越えると、感光体に損傷を与えやす
い。In particular, it is preferably in the range of 2 mβm to 50 μm. 1mμm
If it is less than 100 μm, the powder tends to scatter and is difficult to handle, and if it exceeds 100 μm, the photoreceptor is likely to be damaged.
このような疎水性シリカ粉末は、アエロジルR972、
シリカD−17,R812,RA200H。Such hydrophobic silica powders include Aerosil R972,
Silica D-17, R812, RA200H.
RX−C(以上1日本アエロジル■製)並びにタラノッ
クス500 (Tulco社製)等の商品名で市販され
ている。It is commercially available under trade names such as RX-C (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil) and Tallanox 500 (manufactured by Tulco).
前記のような疎水性シリカ粉末を他のトナー材料と一緒
に配合してトナーを製造してもよいが。The toner may be manufactured by blending the hydrophobic silica powder as described above with other toner materials.
特に疎水性シリカ粉末を除くトナー材料で一部トナーを
製造し、その後に疎水性シリカ粉末を添加するのが好ま
しい。In particular, it is preferred to manufacture the toner in part with toner materials excluding the hydrophobic silica powder, and then add the hydrophobic silica powder.
疎水性シリカ粉末を添加する場合疎水性シリカ粉末は、
疎水性シリカ粉末を含まないトナー粉末に対して0.0
1〜15重t%の量で加えるのが好ましい。特に、0.
1〜10重量%の添加量が好ましい。この添加量が0.
01重量%未満であると。When adding hydrophobic silica powder, hydrophobic silica powder is
0.0 for toner powder without hydrophobic silica powder
It is preferably added in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight. In particular, 0.
The amount added is preferably 1 to 10% by weight. This addition amount is 0.
It is less than 0.01% by weight.
流動性向上の効果が現れず、15重量%を越えて添加し
ても、それだけ効果が増すものではない。The effect of improving fluidity does not appear, and even if it is added in excess of 15% by weight, the effect will not increase accordingly.
クリーニング性向上剤は、トナー成分の一部が感光体あ
るいはキャリア表面に付着する。いわゆるフィルミング
現象を防止し、長期間の連続使用においても常にカプリ
のない鮮明な可視画像を形成する役目をなす。A part of the toner component of the cleaning property improving agent adheres to the surface of the photoreceptor or carrier. It prevents the so-called filming phenomenon and always forms a clear visible image without capri even after long-term continuous use.
クリーニング性向上剤としては、pj!和又は不飽和脂
肪酸の金属塩1例えば、マレイン酸、ステアリン酸、オ
レイン酸、パルミチン酸、カプロン酸。As a cleaning property improver, pj! Metal salts of unsaturated or unsaturated fatty acids 1 For example, maleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, caproic acid.
リノール酸、リシノール酸又はリシルイン酸と亜鉛、マ
グネシウム、カルシウム、カドミウム。Linoleic acid, ricinoleic acid or ricylic acid with zinc, magnesium, calcium, cadmium.
鉛、鉄、ニッケル、コバルト、銅又はアルミニウムとの
塩などが挙げられ、特にステアリン酸亜鉛。salts with lead, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper or aluminum, and in particular zinc stearate.
ステアリン酸カルシウム又はステアリン酸マグネシウム
が好ましい。Calcium stearate or magnesium stearate is preferred.
クリーニング性向上剤を使用する場合クリーニング性向
上剤は、前記の疎水性シリカ粉末と同様にして添加する
のが2%に好ましい。脂肪酸金属塩は、脂肪酸金属塩及
び疎水性シリカ粉末を含まないトナー粉末に対して0.
01〜25重量%9%に0.1〜10重−Jt%加える
のが好ましい。0.01重f!−%未満では、クリーニ
ング性向上の効果が現れない。しかし、25重量%を越
えて添加しても。When a cleaning performance improver is used, the cleaning performance improvement agent is preferably added at 2% in the same manner as the hydrophobic silica powder. The fatty acid metal salt is 0.0% relative to the toner powder not containing the fatty acid metal salt and the hydrophobic silica powder.
It is preferable to add 0.1 to 10 wt-Jt% to 0.01 to 25 wt% and 9%. 0.01 heavy f! If it is less than -%, the effect of improving cleaning performance will not appear. However, even if it is added in excess of 25% by weight.
効果が増すものではない。It does not increase the effect.
トナー像の像支持体への定着は、一般に加熱定着方式に
よるのが有利であり、この加熱定着方式にはオーブン定
着時の非接触加熱定着方式と、熱ロール定着等の接触加
熱方式とがあるが、接触加熱定着方式は熱効率が高く2
機器を小形化でき。It is generally advantageous to fix a toner image on an image support by a heat fixing method, and this heat fixing method includes a non-contact heat fixing method such as oven fixing, and a contact heating method such as hot roll fixing. However, the contact heat fixing method has high thermal efficiency2
Equipment can be made smaller.
消費電力が少なくてすむ等の利点がある。しかしながら
、接触加熱定着方式においては、トナー像を担持した像
支持体が熱ロール通過時にトナー像の一部が熱ロールに
転移し、熱ロールが1回転した後に、転移したトナー像
が像支持体に再転移して汚染するという重大な問題があ
る。オフセット防止剤は、熱ロール定着方式においても
オフセットを起こさず、良質の画像を形成させる役目を
なす。It has advantages such as low power consumption. However, in the contact heat fixing method, when the image support carrying the toner image passes through the heat roll, part of the toner image is transferred to the heat roll, and after the heat roll has made one revolution, the transferred toner image is transferred to the image support. There is a serious problem of re-metastasis and contamination. The anti-offset agent does not cause offset even in the hot roll fixing method and plays a role in forming high-quality images.
オフセット防止剤としては、エチレン、プロピレン、フ
テン、ペンテン、ヘキセン、ヘプテン。Anti-offset agents include ethylene, propylene, phthene, pentene, hexene, and heptene.
オクテン、ノネン、デセン、3−メチル−1−ブテン、
3−メチル−2−ペンテン、3−プロピル−5−メチル
−2−ヘキセン等のオレフィンモノマーの重合体あるい
は前記のよう々オレフィンモノマーとアクリル酸、メタ
クリル酸、酢酸ビニル等との共重合体、ステアリン酸ブ
チル、ステアリン酸プロピル等の脂肪酸の低級アルコー
ルエステル、カスタ・ワックス(伊藤製油■製)、ダイ
ヤモンドワックス(新日本理化■製)等の脂肪酸の多価
アルコールエステル、パームアセチ(日本油脂■製)、
ヘキストワックスE、ヘキストワックス−〇P(ヘキス
トアクチェンゲゼルシャフ) 社り 。octene, nonene, decene, 3-methyl-1-butene,
Polymers of olefin monomers such as 3-methyl-2-pentene and 3-propyl-5-methyl-2-hexene, or copolymers of olefin monomers as described above with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, etc., stearin Lower alcohol esters of fatty acids such as butyl acid and propyl stearate, polyhydric alcohol esters of fatty acids such as casta wax (manufactured by Ito Oil Co., Ltd.), diamond wax (manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.), palm acetate (manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.),
Hoechstwax E, Hoechstwax-〇P (Hoechstwax-0P) company.
カルナウバワックス等の脂肪酸の高級アルコールエステ
ル、ビスアマイドブラストフロー(日東化学工業■製)
、アマイド6L、78及び6H(用研ファインケミカル
■製)、ヘキストワックスC(ヘキスト・アクチェンゲ
ゼルシャフト社製)等のアルキレンビス脂肪酸アミド化
合物、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ス
テアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸バリウム、ステ
アリン酸銅、ステアリン酸アルミニウム、オレイン酸亜
鉛、オレイン酸マグネシウム、カプリル酸亜鉛、カプリ
ル酸マグネシウム、リノール酸亜鉛。Higher alcohol ester of fatty acids such as carnauba wax, Bisamide Blast Flow (manufactured by Nitto Chemical Industry ■)
, Amide 6L, 78 and 6H (manufactured by Yoken Fine Chemicals ■), alkylene bis fatty acid amide compounds such as Hoechst Wax C (manufactured by Hoechst Akchengesellschaft), zinc stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, barium stearate, Copper stearate, aluminum stearate, zinc oleate, magnesium oleate, zinc caprylate, magnesium caprylate, zinc linoleate.
リノール酸カルシウム等の脂肪酸金属塩、ニラボールN
BR,20578,2007J、 BR1220等の
重量平均分子量が5万以上のジエン系樹脂、ヒドロキシ
ル基含有ビニル系樹脂、カルボキシル基含有ビニル系樹
脂等がある。Fatty acid metal salts such as calcium linoleate, Nilaball N
Examples include diene resins having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 or more, such as BR, 20578, 2007J and BR1220, hydroxyl group-containing vinyl resins, and carboxyl group-containing vinyl resins.
オフセット防止剤は、トナー中に0.1〜50重t%、
特に1〜30重tチの量で加えるのが好ましい。0.1
重量%未満では、オフセット防止の効果が埃れず、50
重量%を越えて添加しても、効果が増加しない。The anti-offset agent is contained in the toner in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight,
It is particularly preferable to add it in an amount of 1 to 30 weights. 0.1
If the amount is less than 50% by weight, the offset prevention effect will be less than 50% by weight.
Even if added in excess of % by weight, the effect will not increase.
本発明においては、前記のような流動性向上剤。In the present invention, the fluidity improver as described above is used.
クリーニング性向上剤及びオフセット防止剤を各々単独
で添加してもよく、また併用してもよい。The cleaning performance improver and the offset inhibitor may be added alone or in combination.
前記の材料を9例えば次の方法で混合し、静電荷像現像
用トナーを製造する。The above-mentioned materials are mixed, for example, by the following method to produce a toner for developing electrostatic images.
秤量した材料を、Wコーン、■プレンダー、ヘンシェル
ミキサー等で予備混合した後、加圧エータ++、 バン
バリーミキサ−9熱ロール、エクストルーダー等を用い
て樹脂が溶融する温度下で混練する。冷却後、フェザ−
ミル、ピンミル、パルペライザー、ハンマーミル等で粗
粉砕する。次いでアキュカット、アルピネ分級機等で篩
分して、好ましくは5〜30μmの粒径に調整する。The weighed materials are premixed using a W cone, a blender, a Henschel mixer, etc., and then kneaded using a pressurized eta++, a Banbury mixer 9 hot roll, an extruder, etc. at a temperature at which the resin melts. After cooling, feather
Coarsely grind with a mill, pin mill, pulperizer, hammer mill, etc. Next, the particles are sieved using an Accucut, Alpine classifier, etc., and adjusted to a particle size of preferably 5 to 30 μm.
本発明になるトナーは2種々の公知現像法に適用するこ
とができる。The toner of the present invention can be applied to two types of known development methods.
また9本発明になるトナーは、S々の定着法。Furthermore, the toner according to the present invention uses the fixing method of S.
例えば所謂オイルレス及びオイル塗布ヒートロール法、
フラッシュ法、オーブン法、圧力定着法等に用いること
ができるが、特にヒートロール定着に好適である。For example, so-called oil-less and oil-coated heat roll methods,
It can be used in a flash method, an oven method, a pressure fixing method, etc., and is particularly suitable for heat roll fixing.
更に1本発明になるトナーは9種々のクリーニング方法
9例えば所謂ファーブラシ法、ブレード法等に用いるこ
とができる。Furthermore, the toner according to the present invention can be used in various cleaning methods such as the so-called fur brush method and blade method.
上記トナーと、キャリアを組み合わせて1本発明の静電
荷像現像剤とすることができる。キャリアとしては、偏
平状、海綿状、コイン状2球状。The above-mentioned toner and carrier can be combined to form an electrostatic image developer of the present invention. The carriers are oblate, cavernous, coin-shaped and bispherical.
真球状等2種々の形状の酸化鉄粉、及びマンガン。Iron oxide powder and manganese in two different shapes, including spherical.
コバルト、ニッケル、亜鉛、錫、マグネシウム。Cobalt, nickel, zinc, tin, magnesium.
鉛、ストロンチウム、バリウム、リチウム等のフェライ
ト、及びテフロン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹
脂、シリコン樹脂、メラミン樹脂。Ferrites such as lead, strontium, barium, and lithium, as well as Teflon resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, and melamine resin.
ブタジェン樹脂、ブチラール樹脂等を表層にコーティン
グ処理した酸化鉄粉及びフェライト並びに種々の樹脂と
磁性粉との混線物からなる粒子等が挙げられる。Examples include iron oxide powder and ferrite whose surfaces are coated with butadiene resin, butyral resin, etc., and particles made of a mixture of various resins and magnetic powder.
現像剤のトナー濃度は、一般にキャリアの比表面積に依
存し、使用するキャリアが不定形又は細粒径であるとき
は3〜10重量%に2球形又は粗粒径であるときは1〜
5重量%にされるのが好ましい。The toner concentration of the developer generally depends on the specific surface area of the carrier, and is 3 to 10% by weight when the carrier used is amorphous or has a fine particle size.2 to 1 to 10% when the carrier is spherical or has a coarse particle size.
Preferably it is 5% by weight.
(実施例) 次に、実施例に基づいて本発明を詳述するが。(Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples.
本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。The present invention is not limited to this.
(1)特定モノマーの製造 上記した特定モノマーは次の方法で製造した。(1) Production of specific monomers The above-mentioned specific monomer was manufactured by the following method.
表1に示すアルコール及び不飽和酸をこれらの総重量の
2倍の重量のトルエン中に仕込み、更にハイドロキノン
を該反応溶液中300μg/9 となるように加え、1
20℃で10時間エステル化反応を進めた。その後、大
量のメタノール中に滴下して単量体を析出させ、濾過、
乾燥を行い、各単量体を得た。The alcohols and unsaturated acids shown in Table 1 were added to toluene in an amount twice their total weight, and hydroquinone was added to the reaction solution at a concentration of 300 μg/9.
The esterification reaction proceeded at 20°C for 10 hours. After that, the monomer is precipitated by dropping it into a large amount of methanol, and the monomer is filtered.
Drying was performed to obtain each monomer.
表1 原材料
(2)共重合体の製造
水2000重量部、ポリビニルアルコール(電気化学工
業■製デンカポバールW−24)3重量部、亜硝酸ナト
リウム0.1重量部及び表2に示す配合のモノマーと重
合開始剤を反応容器に仕込み80〜90℃で10時間保
温した後、P別、乾燥して共重合体を得た。Table 1 Raw materials (2) Production of copolymer 2000 parts by weight of water, 3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Denka Poval W-24 manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo ■), 0.1 part by weight of sodium nitrite, and monomers with the formulation shown in Table 2. and a polymerization initiator were placed in a reaction vessel and kept at 80 to 90°C for 10 hours, and then P was removed and dried to obtain a copolymer.
(3)トナーの製造
表3に示す配合で材料を一括してヘンシェルミキサーで
予備混合後、ニーダ−で溶融混練した。(3) Production of toner The ingredients shown in Table 3 were premixed at once in a Henschel mixer, and then melted and kneaded in a kneader.
次いで冷却した混線物をピンミル及びジェットミルで微
粉砕し9分級して平均粒径10〜15μmのトナーを得
た。Next, the cooled mixture was finely pulverized using a pin mill and a jet mill and classified into 9 parts to obtain a toner having an average particle size of 10 to 15 μm.
(4)現像剤の製造及び試験 トナー3重量部と見掛密度3.5〜4.5g/ciで。(4) Manufacture and testing of developer With 3 parts by weight of toner and an apparent density of 3.5 to 4.5 g/ci.
44〜177μmの粒径の含有量が90重量%以ア
上である酸化鉄粉キャリー′p97重量部とを混合して
現像剤を得た。A developer was obtained by mixing with 97 parts by weight of iron oxide powder carry'p containing 90% by weight or more of particles with a particle diameter of 44 to 177 μm.
まず、20〜30℃、60〜80%RHの環境条件下で
周速的30cm/秒で回転するセレンドラムラコロナ電
圧+6kVで一様に正帯電後、 He−Neレーザー
で情報を書き込み、前記現像剤を用いて磁気ブラシ方式
により反転現像した。次いで。First, under environmental conditions of 20 to 30° C. and 60 to 80% RH, the Selendar drum rotating at a circumferential speed of 30 cm/sec was uniformly positively charged with a corona voltage of +6 kV, information was written with a He-Ne laser, and the development was performed as described above. Reversal development was carried out using a magnetic brush method using a reversal agent. Next.
160±5℃のテフロン熱ロールで定着した。It was fixed with a Teflon heat roll at 160±5°C.
印字濃度及びカブリ濃度については、マイクロフォトメ
ーターMPM型(ユニオン光学■製)を用いて、初期及
び20万枚印刷後について測定した。Print density and fog density were measured initially and after printing 200,000 sheets using a microphotometer MPM type (manufactured by Union Optical Co., Ltd.).
次いで、環境条件を10〜15℃、30〜40% RH
に調節した後、同様にして反転現像を行い。Then, the environmental conditions were changed to 10-15°C, 30-40% RH.
After adjusting to , perform reversal development in the same way.
初期印字濃度を測定し、環境条件による影響の有無を調
べた。The initial print density was measured and the presence or absence of any influence due to environmental conditions was investigated.
比較例2
スチレン800重量部、アクリル酸ブチル160重量部
及びビニルピリジン40重量部を使用して。Comparative Example 2 Using 800 parts by weight of styrene, 160 parts by weight of butyl acrylate and 40 parts by weight of vinylpyridine.
前記(2)と同様に製造した共重合体を結着樹脂として
88重量%、カーボンブラックΦ4410重量%、ビス
コール550P2重量%から構成されるトナーを前記(
3)と同様に製造し、実施例1と同様にして現像剤を作
成し、同様に評価を行ったところ2表4に示したように
連続印刷性、耐環境性に劣るものであった。A toner consisting of 88% by weight of the copolymer produced in the same manner as in (2) above as a binder resin, 10% by weight of carbon black Φ4410% and 2% by weight of Viscoel 550P was mixed with the above (2).
3), a developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. As shown in Table 2, the developer was inferior in continuous printability and environmental resistance.
本発明のトナー用結着樹脂、静電荷像現像用トナー及び
静電荷像現像剤は優れた印刷品質(印字濃度、カブリ濃
度)を長期印刷においても維持し、′更に環境条件の変
化に対しても影響を受は難い特性を示すものである。The binder resin for toner, toner for electrostatic image development, and electrostatic image developer of the present invention maintain excellent print quality (print density, fog density) even during long-term printing, and are also resistant to changes in environmental conditions. It also shows characteristics that are difficult to be affected by.
Claims (1)
)で表わされるモノマーを構成成分として有するトナー
用結着樹脂。 2、請求項第1項記載のトナー用結着樹脂を含有してな
る静電荷像現像用トナー。 3、請求項第2項記載の静電荷像現像用トナーと、キャ
リアよりなる静電荷像現像剤。[Claims] 1. General formula (I); ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(I) (However, R_1 and R_2 represent hydrogen or methyl groups) as a constituent component Binder resin for toner. 2. A toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising the toner binder resin according to claim 1. 3. An electrostatic image developer comprising the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 2 and a carrier.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63128888A JPH01297662A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1988-05-26 | Binder resin for toner, developing toner for electrostatic charge image, and developing agent for electrostatic charge image |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63128888A JPH01297662A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1988-05-26 | Binder resin for toner, developing toner for electrostatic charge image, and developing agent for electrostatic charge image |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH01297662A true JPH01297662A (en) | 1989-11-30 |
Family
ID=14995835
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP63128888A Pending JPH01297662A (en) | 1988-05-26 | 1988-05-26 | Binder resin for toner, developing toner for electrostatic charge image, and developing agent for electrostatic charge image |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH01297662A (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-05-26 JP JP63128888A patent/JPH01297662A/en active Pending
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