JPH04278112A - Improvement of incineration system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve efficiency of bulk or hydrocarbon liquid like dust incineration with a lowest auxiliary fuel, by providing first and second inlet openings and first and second outlet openings in two recombustion sections of a recombustion unit, the inlet and outlet openings being opened to the two recombustion sections and these openings being communicated with each other, and further providing burner means and oxygen containing gas introduction oxidization means. CONSTITUTION: A recombustion unit is constructed with recombustion tunnels 41, 42 including second recombustion processes 51, 52; 53, 54, and temperature of the recombustion tunnels 41, 42 is kept at a desired level with burners 55, 56. Further, air is sent to the recombustion processes 51 to 54 with blowers 57 to 60, and gas from the second recombustion processes 53, 54 is sent to the next heat removal stage after passage through outlets 63, 64 while gas from a combustion main chamber 32 is introduced into the first recombustion tunnels 41, 42 from openings 67, 68 via dampers 69, 70. Thus, flow resistance of combustion waste gas is reduced to improve incineration of solid bulk dust in the use of a lowest auxiliary fuel.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

This application is a continuation-in-part of US patent application Ser. , currently U.S. Pat. No. 4,475
, No. 469, which is a continuation application of No. 198.
US Patent Application No. 248,054, filed March 27, 1999, and currently a continuation-in-part of US Pat. No. 4,438,705.

John N. Mr. Basic, Jr. is entitled to U.S. Pat. No. 705 and 19
No. 4,516,510 dated May 14, 1985, both presented incineration systems and methods that significantly improved waste incineration. These patents disclose apparatus and methods for accommodating a variety of wastes of very different types, heat content, and moisture content and incinerating them in an environmentally acceptable manner within one type of device. ing. These disclosures assist in understanding this case and are therefore cited in the text.

[0003] The two Basic patents provide a complete incineration system for burning waste in bulk or as a hydrocarbon liquid. Those patents also provide apparatus and methods for incinerating hydrocarbon-containing fumes emanating from their sources, and also achieve this result without substantial adverse effects on the environment.

Naturally, in a system as complex as the one shown by Mr. Basic in these two patents, various components have been creatively considered, leading to improvements and further improvements that have improved the efficiency of the system. This led to development. Thus, for example, Basic's US Pat. disclosed an improved fire bed that This pulsating grate, developed by Basic, is an improvement on the main advantages set forth in the two previously mentioned incinerator patents.

Bent-Vorholt Australian Patent No. 317,401, dated August 26, 1974, directs air into the reburn tunnel through a tube in the center of the tunnel itself. However, Vorholt does not imply the use of tubes other than to introduce air into the tunnel. Introducing air further through the bore of the tube results in a "T" shaped velocity element of the gas. This creates air resistance to gas flow through the reburn tunnel.

[0006] Accordingly, the present invention relates to an improved incineration system that makes it more efficient. At the same time, the system uses only a minimal amount of auxiliary fuel to reach operating temperature before introducing waste. Additionally, this development has generally made incineration systems more accessible.

[0007] Typically, fume combustion systems improve the environmental properties of a gaseous fluid exiting the output of a source. The source contains flammable hydrocarbons. The fume combustion system has a reburn unit whose inlet opening connects to and is in fluid communication with an output of a fluid source. The reburn unit also has an outlet opening from which combustion product gases are exhausted. Furthermore, it has a burner connected to the unit and combusts the fuel inside the reburn unit. This has the purpose of maintaining the temperature at a height that completely burns out the combustible hydrocarbons. Oxidizing means are connected to the reburn unit for further combustion. This component introduces oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit to support combustion.

One refinement of this type of fume burner divides the reburn unit itself into a first reburn section and a second reburn section. Basically, each of these parts is paired with the other, and even when one is not operating, the other performs its function.

The inlet opening to the reburn section has first and second inlet ports connected to the output of the hydrocarbon source so that two separate fuel sections can be used. and is in fluid communication with it. The first and second inlet ports open to the first and second reburn sections, respectively.

[0010] Similarly, the outlet opening also has first and second outlet ports. These provide outlets for the first and second reburn sections, respectively. Furthermore, the burner and the oxidizing means each have a first and a second part. A first part of these two components connects to a first reburn part and a second part of these components connects to a second reburn part. In each of the two reburn sections, a burner section and oxidizing means serve to combust the fuel and introduce oxygen-containing gas.

[0011] As an entirely separate refinement, the reburn unit, whether constructed in two parts or not, has exciter means, which are located within the reburn unit and are surrounded by the unit; Connect to it. As a minimum, this exciter means actually reduces the cross-sectional area through which the oxygen-containing gas has to reach the combustible hydrocarbon. Moreover, it becomes a reflective surface, allowing the heat flowing into or generated in the reburning unit to reach the gas molecules, thereby causing a more complete combustion.

Within the reburn unit, the majority of the length of the exciter means extends from the inlet of the reburn unit to its outlet;
Do not touch the walls of the reburn unit. The exciter means have the purpose of reducing the cross-sectional area in cross-section with respect to the passage from the inlet opening to the outlet opening of the reburning unit.

[0013] The exciter means in this configuration serves to introduce oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit. The exciter means therefore has a nozzle in fluid communication with the oxidation mechanism;
This is arranged on the surface of the exciter means. This nozzle directs air into the space between the inner surface of the reburning unit and the exciter means, the direction of which is at a non-perpendicular angle to the direction of the passage from the inlet to the outlet of the exciter means. By avoiding a "T" shape in this manner, the air flowing through the nozzle and into the reburn unit facilitates gas turbulence without slowing or blocking the gas flow.

[0014] However, this exciter means does not require the introduction of air or other oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit in order to have an important and useful function. It need only be passively arranged within the reburn unit to reflect the heat generated in it or the heat that flows into it. this is,
The gas will be kept at a high temperature so that effective and complete combustion will occur. To achieve this, the surface of the exciter means facing the interior of the reburn unit has a composition of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material. This prevents the exciter from being damaged by temperature and from being destroyed in the gas environment in which the reburning means operates.

[0015] Furthermore, the excitation means must not absorb heat from the reburning means or transfer it into the interior. Rather, the exciter means must have a relatively low thermal conductivity to reflect heat from its surface and transfer it to the combustion gases. The usual limitation is that the surface of the exciter unit facing the interior of the reburn unit has a heat transfer constant k approximately

0
[016] The surface thickness in the case is 1 inch, the area is A square feet and the temperature is T°F degrees.

Fume burners, whether or not with two reburn sections or exciter means, are more efficient when the gas fluid input is low and the gas output is also low. To achieve this purpose, the fume burner has a choke device connected to the outlet opening in order to selectively reduce the cross-sectional area of the outlet opening. This holds the gas in the reburn unit long enough to cause complete combustion even at minimal inputs. This can also be used when operating the unit for the first time after it has cooled down but before debris enters. The unit then reaches operating temperature so that no environmental pollution occurs here. By reversing the braking effect or returning the exit opening of the return unit to its full size,
This system can now operate normally.

The aforementioned components form part of an integrated incineration system, rather than operating solely as a fume burner. In this case, in addition to the reburn unit with the aforementioned improvements,
The incineration system also has a main combustion chamber with an inlet for introducing solid bulk waste. An outlet opening from the main combustion chamber exhausts the combustion product gases therefrom. An outlet opening from the main combustion chamber connects to and is in fluid communication with an inlet opening of the reburn unit.

In a fume combustion process utilizing two reburn tunnels, the fume is directed from the output of the source directly to the inlet openings of the first and second reburn sections. In order to maintain the desired temperature, this method generally requires fuel to be combusted in these two reburn sections. Oxygen-containing gas must be introduced into the reburning section to promote combustion of the gas. Finally, the combustion product gases within the reburn section are pumped out the outlet opening.

[0020] Of course, two reburning sections are not necessary to effect combustion by the exciter means. Rather, the fumes emanating from the output of the source are directed to the inlet opening of the reburn unit. In that case, those fumes flow around the exciter means in the reburn unit. The exciter means is supported by and connected to the reburn unit. From the inlet of the reburn unit to its outlet, a large portion of the length of the exciter means is not in contact with the walls of the reburn unit.

[0021] To maintain proper temperatures, fuel is typically combusted in a reburn unit. As previously mentioned, oxygen-containing gas must then flow into the reburn unit in order to combust the hydrocarbons. The oxygen-containing gas enters the space between the inner surface of the reburn unit and the exciter means at a non-perpendicular angle to the direction of gas flow in that space. Finally, the combustion gases exit the reburn unit.

[0022] In another aspect, combustion of the fumes proceeds within the reburn unit described above. The combustion of fuel that occurs within the unit maintains the temperature therein at the desired level. The introduction of oxygen-containing gas causes the fumes to burn if necessary. Maintaining the temperature within the unit at a desired level by selectively reducing the area of the outlet opening through which the combustion product gases exit the reburn unit, with the addition of small amounts of fuel or no refueling at all. be able to.

[0023] In order to burn waste according to these developments mentioned above, in addition to the combustion of the fumes mentioned above, the waste must also be introduced into the main incineration chamber through the inlet opening. There, the loose waste is combusted to generate combustion gas. These combustion product gases are passed from the main combustion chamber through the outlet opening directly to the inlet opening of the reburn unit.

Combustion is particularly successful for certain types of waste if a grate arrangement is provided above the floor of the main incinerator, in close proximity to the inlet opening. This grate device retains the debris for a limited time after the debris is introduced through the inlet opening. As a result, the grate system causes debris to fall to the floor of the main room while combustion continues. The use of auxiliary grates in this manner is particularly advantageous for various types of waste consisting of materials that are humid or contain high amounts of high Btu combustibles. In the first case, the waste is kept on the grate for a short time so that it is dried and then falls to the floor of the main room. Otherwise, it becomes more difficult to maintain combustion at the desired conditions.

[0025] In the case of high Btu trash, if it is held on a grate, some of the trash will volatilize and begin to burn at a relatively high temperature. As the residue falls through the grate, the temperature decreases, reducing the tendency of the chamber floor to slag. The method of burning waste to this effect is to first feed the waste through an inlet opening into the enclosed main chamber of the incineration system, and more particularly onto the grate within the main chamber. Below this grate is a fireproof floor. In this method, part of the waste continues to burn while it is on the grate.

As the garbage continues to burn, it generally falls onto the floor of the main room. Finally, the garbage continues to burn on the floor. When trash is burned in an incineration system, it often produces ash, which is discharged into a water-filled pit. fact,
This water separates the internal environment of the incinerator from the room environment outside of it. By removing these ashes and sometimes
Avoid filling the pit with ash.

The improved device for removing ash from the pit is
has an elongated track having its first end near the pit. The second end is spaced upwardly from the first end. A scooping device is moved along the trajectory, and the device exhibits first and second configurations. In the first form, it scoops up the ashes;
In the second form, the scooped ash is released.

The scooping device is moved along the track by the elevator until the scooping device reaches a first position within the pit near the first end. In this position the scoop member itself is in the water of the pit.

The elevator then moves the rake member to a second position near the other end of the track. In this position the rescue member is completely out of the water in the pit. Finally, a control device is connected to the rake member. The controller moves the scoop from the first configuration to the second configuration when in the first position inside the pit. This causes the scoop member to actually grab the ash and other waste in the pit.

When in the second or raised position, the controller moves the scoop member from the first configuration to the second configuration. As a result, the scooping member releases the scooped ash. The ash typically then falls into a container body or truck.

Removal of ash and other waste from the pit begins by lowering the scoop member along a track until it reaches a first end near the pit. Then, the scooping member stops descending. The scooping member changes its form to scoop up waste in the pit. The scoop member rises from the pit along the track while remaining in a form capable of holding the waste. Upon exiting the pit, the scoop member changes from the first configuration to the second configuration, spilling the ash at the appropriate location.

FIG. 1 shows an incineration system, generally designated 30. FIG. The loose waste or hydrocarbon-containing liquid enters the incineration system 30 through the loader 31 and then into the main chamber 32 . While the solid waste remains within the incineration system 30, it is on the vibrating hearth 33, 34 for the majority of the time. When the burn bed is complete, the residual ash falls into pit 35 where a removal mechanism 36 lifts the ash and transfers it to truck 37. A door 38 allows entry into the main room 32 for normal maintenance.

The combustion gas generated by combustion in the main chamber is 2
Through the book reburning tunnels 41 and 42, the next processing recirculation,
It is sent through a heat removal step 43. The gases are finally released from the chimney 44. Heat recovered from incineration system 30 is sent to tube 45.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, the reburn tunnel 41,
42 have respective first reburning steps 51, 52 and respective second reburning steps 53, 54. First step 51,5
The burners 55, 56 at the beginning of the tunnel 41,
42 temperature at the desired level suitable for operation. Those burners also bring the reburn temperature to the appropriate level at the start of operation. In fact, the incineration system must reach its operating temperature before taking in waste for the first time after shutting down. Burners 55, 56 serve this purpose.

Blower 57, 58 sends air to the first combustion process and blowers 59, 60 sends air to the second combustion process. Gas from the second stage 53,54 is sent through outlets 63,64. The cross-sectional area of the second reburning steps 53 and 54 is
First reburning steps 51 and 5 for tunnels 41 and 42, respectively
larger than the cross-sectional area of 2. For this purpose, the second reburning step 5
3,54 can receive large amounts of gas resulting from the intake of air and combustion of vaporized hydrocarbons within the tunnels 41,42. This is one way to increase the volume from the entrance to the exit of the reburn tunnel. Other methods of achieving this same objective include those described below in connection with FIGS. 11-15.

After passing through the second steps 53 and 54, the gas is sent to the next processing section 43. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, gas from the main chamber 32 is routed through outlet openings 67 and 68, which also provide inlet openings to the reburn units 41 and 42, respectively. damper 69,70
are in the positions shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, respectively, the opening 67
, 68 and close them. During operation, of course,
At least one of the dampers 69, 70 is open. When there is sufficient combustion material inside the main chamber 32, both dampers open and direct the gas through the reburn tunnels 41,42.

The dampers 69, 70 have axial extensions 71, 72 for moving them. extension part 71,
To 72, lever arms 75, 76 are firmly connected. Lever arms 75 and 76 are connected to pistons 79 by rods 77 and 78.
, 80, and the other ends of these pistons are firmly fixed to brackets 81, 82. When the pistons 79, 80 of FIGS. 3 and 5 extend, the lever arm 76 and its mating arm (not shown) rotate about their axis 72, opening the dampers 69, 70.

Counterweights 83 and 84 are rotatably connected to the other ends of the lever arms 75 and 76. These counterweights balance the weight of the dampers 69, 70 and facilitate their controlled movement. damper 69,
Most of the weight of 70 is due to having a cover of refractory material 86 as shown in FIG. This, of course, prevents the high temperatures and corrosion of the gas flowing around it.

To further protect the dampers 69, 70, they have air channels as described below with respect to FIG. The flow of air through the dampers 69, 70 keeps them at a temperature that prevents them from being destroyed.

Similarly, dampers 91, 92 cover outlet openings 63, 64 of reburn tunnels 41, 42, respectively. However, as shown in FIG. 6, the dampers 91, 92 cover up to about 60% of the outlet openings 63, 64 even when in the closed position as shown therein. When closed, the dampers retain gas in the reburn channels 41, 42 for a longer period of time for more complete combustion. Typically, such retention is desirable when the tunnels 41, 42 frequently handle a volume substantially less than the maximum garbage throughput or maximum combustion gas throughput of the system. .

The dampers 91 and 92 operate independently of each other depending on the conditions within the respective reburn tunnels 41 and 42. These dampers are controlled, for example, by temperature sensors located within each tunnel. Colder temperatures indicate the need to close appropriate dampers to retain heat within each tunnel. Additionally, when the incineration system produces steam, the damper control measures the steam pressure produced by the system. A decrease in steam pressure indicates less heat in the system. This is an indication that one or both dampers 91, 92 are at least partially closed.

The dampers 91, 92 of FIG. 6 not only have fully open or fully closed positions, but also have intermediate positions that effectively close the outlets 63, 64 by a little less than their maximum amount of closure. can be occupied. Movement of the damper 91 is caused by the action of a lever arm 93 connected to a piston 94 which causes the desired movement between opening and closing as shown in FIG. Attached to the damper 91 is a cable 95 that goes around a pulley 97 and connects to a weight 99 that counterbalances the weight of the damper 91. 6th
The figure shows a cable 96 and a pulley 98 for the tunnel 42.
and a counterweight 100 are shown.

The choke dampers 91, 92 serve to lengthen the residence time of gas within the reburn tunnels 41, 42. In other words, they serve to slow the flow of gas through these chambers. For combustion to be desirable, gas velocities typically should not exceed about 55 feet per second. The gas burns at approximately 46 mph per second to ensure proper combustion.
Allow it to flow no more than feet.

As shown, the dampers 91 and 92 are shaped like rectangular blocks and are opened and closed by pivoting. They can also be made into square blocks so that their dampers can be slid laterally into a position such that they partially close the outlet openings 63, 64, and by sliding laterally in the opposite direction. It can also be opened. In fact, the damper can even be slid through an opening in the outer wall of the incineration system for this purpose.

[0045] As another method, reburn tunnel 4
The choke damper at the end of 1, 42 can also be in the form of a butterfly valve. This shape results in them being located in a round or rectangular shape within the outlet of the reburn unit. The butterfly valves then pivot around their center to partially open and close the reburn tunnel outlet. In this case, the valve resides within the opening, but its edges occupy a minimal area so as not to substantially obstruct gas flow.

FIG. 7 shows a typical damper, e.g.
A closure 70 is shown for the exit opening 68 to the second reburn tunnel 42 shown. In FIG. 7, the damper 70 is arranged such that its temperature does not rise to such a level that the damper 70 is seriously damaged by the surrounding heated environment.
Supply air through. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the ends of the axial extensions 72 are located outside the tunnel 42.

[0047] Since the extension portion 72 is hollow inside, gas can pass therethrough. To provide cooling gas, a flexible tube 104 connects to the closer axial extension 74 and provides a source of cooling gas. Cooling gas is routed through the interior of extension 72 to shaft 106 and through opening 108 into chamber 1.
Sent to 10. The cooling gas is then directed to the bulkhead 112
and flows through a passageway formed by and indicated by arrow 114. Eventually, the cooling gas reaches the opening 116 of the shaft portion 106,
There it passes through the other axial extension 72 and therethrough to the flexible tube 118.

FIG. 18 shows a reburn tunnel, designated 123, which functions as part 51 or 53 of reburn tunnel 41 or as parts 52, 54 of reburn tunnel 42. The tunnel 123 is located entirely on the supports 124, 125. The tunnel 123 1 is surrounded by a skin 126 , between which a pneumatic chamber 127 2 is formed. Pressurized air is sent to this air pressure chamber 127 by a blower 129 . From there, air is directed through a nozzle 130 and from there into the interior 131 of the reburn tunnel 123.
sent to. The inner wall 128 and the nozzle 130 are made of refractory material 1
32 , thereby protecting it from the heat and corrosive environment of the interior 131 of the tunnel 123 . Furthermore, the air in the pneumatic chamber 127 passes through the support 133,
It is sent into an exciter member 134 located inside the tunnel 131 . From there, it passes through the nozzle 135 and inside 13
1, where it aids in combustion.

The support 133 itself generally has an inner wall 138 of metallic composition. Wall 138 with fireproof material 139
and protect its walls from the tunnel environment. The support 133 also has a rectangular cross section when viewed in a plane parallel to the surface on which the tunnel sits. This ensures that the support has a maximum cross-sectional area for the interference of the gas flow within the tunnel.

Similarly, the exciter member 134 is protected by a fireproof cover 143 to prevent its metal inner wall 142 from being damaged by corrosion or heat. A nozzle 135 passes through the fireproof cover 143 . As shown in Figure 8, nozzle 1
Air exiting from 35 flows with a tangential velocity component. In other words, the nozzle 135 forms an angle to the radius from the center of the exciter member 134 . A preferred angle is 45°.

Gas exiting nozzle 135 with a tangential velocity component follows the path indicated by arrow 144. This tangential flow of air causes it to mix efficiently and effectively with the combustible gas contained within the tunnel interior 131. Furthermore, nozzle 13
5 introduces air with an axial velocity element, similar to the outer nozzle 130 . In other words, the nozzle is facing downstream. In fact, the velocity of the gas exiting the nozzle is axial,
That is, it forms an angle of 45° with respect to the downstream direction.

Furthermore, the nozzles 135 are formed in a row from the inlet to the outlet in the excitation member 134. To help create the desired turbulence within the interior 131 of the tunnel, the nozzles have a staggered row configuration to deliver more air and create more turbulence.

The structure of FIG. 8 can be modified in various ways for different purposes. Thus, when the nozzle 130 is closed, all the air from the pneumatic chamber 127 flows around the wall 128, through the support 133, into the exciter member 134, out of the nozzle 135, and into the tunnel interior 131. This is effective in creating the turbulence necessary for combustion.

Furthermore, the outer wall 126 and the wall 12 of the pneumatic chamber
8 , the air from blower 129 is caused to flow around virtually all of pneumatic chamber 127 and then to support 133 .
so that the entrance 146 is reached. This has the effect of cooling the wall 128 with air before allowing air to flow into the interior 131. Additionally, the humid air maintains the temperature within tunnel 123 at the level necessary for combustion.

[0055] Furthermore, the excitation member 134 may not be provided with a nozzle. In this case, inside the tunnel 1
All the air entering 31 is routed through a nozzle 130 in the reburn unit 123 itself. The exciter member must still allow some air to flow therethrough from one support member to the other. This provides a cooling effect so that the heat within the reburn tunnel 123 does not destroy the exciter member 134 .

Exciter member 13 with or without a nozzle
4 serves other additional purposes. The heat generated in the interior 131 of the tunnel 123 helps burn the gas inside. Heat near the center of interior 131 is transferred to refractory surface 143 of exciter member 134 . From there, it is radiated into the interior 131, where it stimulates combustion.

[0057] In order to re-reflect the absorbed heat, the excitation member 13
4. Allow very little heat to flow through the walls. Thus, it must have a low thermal conductivity constant k, generally about 60 or less. Preferably, the thermal conductivity coefficient k should not exceed about 24, as discussed above. Furthermore, the air entering the interior 131 must be turbulent for combustion. The exciter member 134 reduces the maximum dimension of the space inside the tunnel 123 . Thus, the air flowing into the interior 131 reduces the distance it travels to the combustion gases. The necessary turbulence is therefore created more effectively for the exciter element 134.

Preferably, the spacing between the outer surface of the refractory member 143 of the exciter member 134 and the inner surface of the refractory member 132 covering the outer wall 128 is kept constant all around the exciter member 134. For this reason, the oxygen flowing into the tunnel interior 131 mixes most effectively and creates turbulence. In the case of a circular reburn tunnel as shown in FIG. 8, the interior 131 has an annular shape.

In the case of a combustion system with a reburn tunnel, one exciter element is clearly sufficient. In the case of a system with two reburn tunnels as shown in Figures 1 to 6,
One or both of the tunnels have exciter members. Of course, the exciter member has the most desirable shape.

FIG. 9 generally shows a portion of the reburn tunnel 153, which in fact represents a portion of either the reburn tunnel 41 or 42. The outer wall 154 has a refractory cover 155, but there are no nozzles passing through it. All the air flowing into the interior 156 of the tunnel 153 is
It passes through the nozzle 157 of the excitation member 158 . The air enters the exciter member 158 through the supports 159, 160 as described above and eventually exits the pneumatic chamber 161. As shown in FIG. 10, blower 162 delivers pressurized air which eventually flows through nozzle 157 and into interior 156.

As previously mentioned, nozzle 157 introduces air with an axial velocity component. In other words, the air is at least partially directed from the inlet to the outlet of the reburn section 153 or from the first support 159 to the second support 16.
It is introduced in the direction towards 0.

Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the nozzle transmits a tangential velocity component as well as a radial velocity component to the air passing through it. Again this nozzle introduces air at an angle of approximately 45° to the radial direction. Thus, half of the non-axial velocity of the gases will cause them to move outward, and the other half will move them around the interior 156. The results are shown in FIG. 10, with arrow 166
indicates a general spiral motion with respect to the direction of air movement.

The air pressure chamber 161 is the reburn tunnel 153
It does not extend all the way around. Rather, it extends from blower 162 to support 159. Along with the wall 154 attached to the fireproof member 155, the outer wall 1
67 forms a pneumatic chamber 161 . FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a reburn tunnel having an outer wall 180, a refractory member 181, and two exciter member sections 182, 183. The arrows indicate the direction of gas flow, as shown in FIGS. 12-15. The exciter members 182, 183 have the same constant cross-sectional area. However, the cross-sectional area of the interior 184 increases in the direction of gas flow as the refractory wall 181 slopes outward. This allows a greater amount of air to be introduced into the reburn section through the wall 181 or the exciter members 182, 183. In FIG. 11, the exciter member 184
Since the slope of the fireproof wall is gradually formed, the cross-sectional area of
It also increases gradually.

FIG. 12 shows another reburned section. It also has outer walls 190, 191, refractory members 192, 193, and exciter sections 194, 195. As shown here, interior 196 increases rapidly with a discontinuity at junction 197 . This is, for example, the second
Figure 3 shows the junction between two separate rekindling steps shown in Figure 3;

FIG. 13 shows a reburn section having outer walls 200, 201, refractory sections 202, 203, and excitation sections 204, 205. Therefore, the internal volume 206 is 2
It tapers off at the junction 207 between the two sections. However, the sloped wall at junction 207 adds another undesirable turbulence less than the very sharp discontinuity 197 of FIG.

Another reburn section is shown in FIG. 14, and includes an outer wall 210, a refractory member 211, and exciter sections 212, 213. Since the cross-sectional area of the exciter member 213 is smaller than that of the exciter member 214, when gas flows from the exciter part 212 to the exciter part 213,
The cross-sectional area 214 increases.

Finally, FIG. 15 shows a reburn section with walls 220, 221 and exciter sections 222, 223. When the exciter sections 222, 223 are formed conically, the amount of gas gradually increases as the gas flows across the exciter sections in the interior 224.

[0068] Of course, the first combustion of garbage occurs in the 16th and 17th
This occurs in the main chamber 32 as shown in the figure. Screw feeder 23
0 allows certain trash to be introduced, such as rice husks. More typically, loose debris enters through the opening 231 in the front wall 232. In either case, the loose waste entering the incineration system 32 falls onto a grate, generally designated 234. It immediately begins to burn.

If the waste is highly moist, it is placed on the grate 234 to dry it and facilitate subsequent combustion. If loose waste flows in and immediately falls onto the hearth 33, it becomes even more difficult to dry it for the next combustion.

[0070] Also, very high Bt such as plastic
U (British thermal units) containing materials burn at very high temperatures. If this occurs on the bed 33, the bed itself will loosen due to uneven heating. Thus, debris falls onto the grate 234 for a limited amount of time. however,
Most of the solidified hydrocarbons contained in the material are removed as the debris slides down through the grate 234 onto the floor 33.
It hasn't burned yet. Volatile hydrocarbon content has already entered the gas stream by this point.

As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the grate 234 through which garbage falls onto the floor 33 has through holes 235. The opening size of the through hole 235 is 12 to 18 inches. Before most of the solidified hydrocarbons are combusted,
Therefore, most types of trash fall to the floor.

Since the grate 234 is of course in the heated corrosive environment of the main chamber 32, it must have some mechanism to cool it to prevent it from being destroyed by heat and corrosion. For this purpose, the grate 234 has hollow vertical tubes 236, 237 and horizontal tubes 238. The vertical tube 236 has couplings 239, 240, and the vertical tube 237 has couplings 241, 242. This allows fluid to cool the grate 234 to flow through it. The fluid introduced in this way may be air, water, steam or oil.

Furthermore, the tubes 236 to 2 of the grate 234
38 has a fire-resistant coating for further protection from heat. Finally, a wear-resistant surface, typically formed of a hard-faced refractory material, protects the grate 234 from wear due to debris falling thereon. The floor 33 can be of various shapes. The pulsating grate shown in the aforementioned BASIC US Pat. No. 4,475,469 is particularly recommended. Other grate beds are possible, each with different effects.

Thus, for example, the floor 33 can simply be a fixed grate. Typically, trash is burned and turned into ash.
Some form of ram or other pusher moves the debris until it falls into a suitable collection means. However, the floor often has some type of movement to help the combusted waste move from the entrance to the exit of the main chamber.

[0075] The floor 33 is composed of a grate, whether of a movable type or a fixed type. Experience has shown that a mobile type is preferable. Pulsing firebeds, whether in the configuration shown in Basic's patent or otherwise, are the most efficient. In the Basic patent, the fire bed performs a circular arc movement in a pulsed manner in the direction from the inlet 231 to the outlet. The fire pit moves more quickly to throw the trash up and agitate it like the motion of a snow shovel.

The grate 33 shown in FIG. 16 has a shape that is effective for burning various types of waste. in this case,
The floor slopes from the inlet 232 to the outlet ash pit 244. By sloping the upper and lower floors 33 and 34 slightly, debris is more likely to move in response to any movement of the floor.

Furthermore, the floors 33 and 34 have ridges 246 and 247 on their upper surfaces, respectively. This forms channels that allow the debris above to mix and aid in combustion. The jets 248 on the upper floor 33 and the jets 249 on the lower floor 34 send air to compensate for the lack of combustion and help burn the garbage.

As shown in FIG. 17, the nozzle 249 on the lower floor 34, like the nozzle 248 on the upper floor 33, tilts downward as it directs air into the main chamber 32. Nozzle 24
This downward angle of 9,248 prevents debris from entering its nozzle and clogging it.

The amount of air introduced through the nozzles 248, 249 will vary depending on, among other things, the conditions in the main chamber 32. Thus, as mentioned above, this incineration system has a capacity of
The amount of waste may be too small to operate at or near that capacity. In this case, even a small amount of air ejected through these jets will bring the entire incineration system to its proper operating temperature.

[0080] Instead of the grate beds 33, 34, the main chamber 32 can also have a grate bed under the grate 234. In that case, the waste falls from the upper grate to the lower grate, and then its complete combustion takes place. This lower grate may be of a fixed type, or it may be of a fixed type, or it may be of a fixed type;
Some type of movement may also be performed to cause the transfer in the direction of.

[0081] This can work in conjunction with the use of choke dampers 91, 92. One way to reduce the amount of air in the main chamber is to simply stop the air introduced into the second pulsating grate 34. The main room 32 is the 16th and 17th
It has thin film side walls 253, 254 shown schematically in the figure. In these walls water flows through lower inlet pipes 255, 256. From there, the water flows through tube 2 with thin film walls 253, 254.
57, 258 to the top tube 259. From there the water flows to other parts and becomes useful energy in the form of steam for electricity, heating, or other purposes.

[0082] As previously mentioned, the main chamber should not be filled with waste in order to provide heat throughout through the incineration system. In this case, the amount of heat extracted from the top tube 259 is reduced, leaving enough heat in the main chamber and reburn tunnel to maintain the temperatures necessary for clean and effective combustion.

[0083] The ash pit 244 in the main chamber 32 is
63,264. This removes ash from the pit 244. However, as in other ash removal systems, such as chain pull systems, the moving parts of the screw feeds 263, 264 are underwater or in the ash pit, in which case repair is difficult. . Therefore, an improved ash removal system was introduced in the 18th~
This is shown in Figure 25.

The ash pit 35 is shown at the bottom of FIG. Typically, the bottom contains water 271 and ash 272. Water 271 of course seals between the interior of the main combustion chamber and the atmosphere. Naturally, ash 272 must be removed from pit 35 from time to time. to this end,
A scooping mechanism, generally designated 273, descends along a track 277, and its scoop 278 enters the water 271, shown in solid lines in FIG. 18, and scoops up a lump of ash 272. The scoop then returns to the carrying configuration shown in dotted lines in FIG. 18 when it is at the bottom of the pit 272. This allows the ash scoop 278 to scoop up a portion of the ash 272 .

The scooping mechanism 273 then moves to the track 2
77. Preferably it is water 271
Karasukui 278 Stops immediately after being lifted. At that time, the ashes 27 are removed from the opening 281 at the bottom of the scoop 278.
The water contained in 2 falls. The back of the track 277 forms a trough 278 which directs dripping water to the pit 35.

When mechanism 273 returns to the elevated position shown in FIG. 18, scoop 278 moves from its holding position shown in dotted lines to its discharging position shown in solid lines. The ashes are then drained into the gutter 278
falls from the scoop 278 through the opening 282 of the
It is placed in a truck 37 or other container body. Side guards 283 prevent ash from scattering to the outside of the truck 37.

The scooping mechanism 273 is a cable 284
Move up and down under the influence of. One end of cable 284 is attached to a typical winch, which hoists and releases cable 284 depending on the control of the winch. Sequentially, the cable 284 passes around the pulley 285 and is attached to the scooping mechanism 273. When the winch unties cable 284 , the cable passes around pulley 285 and lowers scoop mechanism 273 into pit 35 . As the winch hoists cable 284, scoop mechanism 273 is lifted out of the water and onto track 27.
7 rise.

The scooping mechanism, ie, the trolley 273, is shown in detail in FIGS. 19 and 20. Trolley 2
73 consists primarily of a rigid frame formed by runner bars 288, 289 and a front crossbar 290 and a rear crossbar 291 rigidly attached to the runner bars 288, 289. Front wheels 292, 293
The rear wheels 294 and 295 ride on the inside of the truck 277, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, the horizontal guide wheel 296
, 297 abut on the raceway 277 from the outside of the rear wheels 294, 295, respectively. This ensures that trolley 273 is properly aligned with track 277.

The arrangement of the guide wheels 296 and 297 also has the effect that the use of the trolley 273 can be considered when taking out the ash from the pit 35. In particular, track member 277
The guide wheels 296, 297 that come into contact with the sides of the track member 277 and the rear wheels 294, 295 that ride inside the track member 277 are connected to the track 2.
The scooping mechanism 273 is roughly oriented on the 77. When cable 284 lowers scoop 278 into pit 35, only the front end of trolley 273 is actually exposed to water 2.
Enter 71. The rear of trolley 273, including wheels 294-297, is always outside water 271.

[0090] Thus, the wheels that must be in proper intimate contact with the track 277 to orient the trolley 273 in the first place are outside of the water and cannot be corroded by the water or damaged by submerged debris. do not have.

Having the rear of trolley 273 out of the water has a further advantage in controlling the configuration of scoop 278. Rake 278 has a firmly attached flange 301 .
A rod 302 is pivotally connected at a joint 303 . The other end of the rod 302 is a cylinder 306
Connect to the piston contained within. piston 306
flange 307 on the rear crossbar 291,
308 in a pivoted manner.

When the pressure within cylinder 306 pushes its piston outward, it pushes bar 302 into the 19th,
It extends to the right as seen in Figure 20. This is sequentially flange 30
1 will be moved downward. As a result, the rake 278 moves around its rotating couplings 309, 310 to the side bars 288, 289. This moves the rake 278 from the position shown in solid lines in FIGS. 18 and 19 to the position shown in dotted lines.

As a result, when the pressure in the cylinder retracts the piston, the bar 302 moves to the left as viewed in Figures 19 and 20, pulling the connection 303 with the flange 301 in the same direction. This in turn causes flange 301 and scoop 278 to rotate clockwise from the position shown in dotted lines in FIG. 19 to the position shown in solid lines. This moves the scoop from the discharge position to the holding position where it contains the ash. This movement, of course, occurs in conjunction with the scoop 278 in the pit 35, so that it scoops up some of the ash 272.

During such scooping operations, scoop 2
78 contacts the solid object within the pit 35. this is,
This occurs because the incineration system 30 receives bulk waste without prior sorting. Some common items found in such pits 35 are mufflers and other items that have been discarded. Preferably, cylinder 306 should not move scoop 278 any further. Thus,
In this intermediate position, the scoop 278 remains in contact with the solid object.

Trolley 273 then moves to orbit 277
When it moves, it pulls up the solid object along with its trajectory. When the rake 278 reaches its top position, it again
It moves to its discharge position and drops the muffler and other solid objects into the truck 37. The use of pneumatic control for the cylinder 306 provides cushioning or flexibility so that the solids can be removed without damaging itself or the track 277.

The fluid controlling cylinder 306 flows through hoses 315, 316 which in turn wrap around reel 317. Trolley 273
As it moves up and down track 277, reel 317 releases or grabs intermediate sections 319, 320 of the hoses, causing them to deviate from the path of trolley 273.

Once again, when trolley 273 is in its lowest position and scoop 278 enters pit 35, cylinder 306 and reel 317 are out of the water. They are thus free from the adverse effects of chemicals contained in water, ash, or both. Furthermore, cable 2
The winch operating 84 is always out of the water, as can be seen in Figure 18. FIG. 22 shows the track mechanism, generally designated 325, with a slightly different chute mechanism for discharging the ash to the track 37. Orbit 277 and trolley 27
3 is effectively the same as the previous example.

However, the track 325 has a rotating chute guide 326, which has a trolley 273 near the top of the track as shown in FIG. The scoop 278 then moves from its holding position to its discharging position. When this is done and the ash falls from the rake, the chute guide 326 directs the ash into the truck 37. After the ash is placed in the truck 37, the chute guide 326 rotates counterclockwise as shown in FIG. 22, so that the shovel 327 forms part of the gutter.

The mechanism controlling the rotating chute guide 326 is shown more clearly in FIG. 23, which shows the opposite portion of the track 325 from FIG. As shown here, the rotating orbit portion 327 of the chute 326
The operation of results from the influence of cylinder 330. When the cylinder 330 presses on its piston, the piston is pressed against the lever arm 33, which is firmly attached to the rotating track section 327.
Connect to 1. In that case, the lever arm 331 assumes the position shown by the dotted line, and the track portion 327
Connect with the rest of the.

When the piston 330 is retracted, the lever arm 331 is pulled to the right to the position shown in FIG. 23, and the track portion 327 rotates clockwise. This causes the waste from the scoop 278 to fall into the truck 37. Another type of scooping mechanism is number 337 in Figure 24.
Indicated by It uses the same trolley as in Figures 19 and 20. Thus, it has the same runner bars 288, 289 as well as cross bars 290, 291. It also moves along the track in the same manner as described above utilizing wheels 292-297.

[0101] Instead of the rake 278 shown in the previous figure, this trailer uses a bucket 338, which has a through hole 339 through which water can flow. This bucket 338 has a rotating coupling at the joint 292;
It has a flange 340 that controls its position. The luff flange 340 connects to a lever arm 341 attached to a conventional bar 302 . In turn, bar 302 connects to a piston within hydraulic cylinder 339 . The cylinder 339 is then moved to the trolley 273 in the same way as in FIGS. 19 and 20.
has a pivot coupling to the flange 340 that must be added to the flange 340.

[0102] To ensure proper movement of bar 302 and lever arm 341, bar 302 is
3 connects to the lever arm 346. Lever arm 346
is pivotally connected to a flange 347 attached to crossbar 290 by support 348 . lever arm 3
45 thus ensures a correct rotational movement of the joint 303 and thus also a scooping movement of the bucket 338.

[0103] During operation, the rod 3 is
As 02 extends, bucket 338 rotates clockwise as viewed in FIG. In this position, no waste is retained. Trolley 333 then lowers into the water and bucket 338 moves between track 277 and trough 328.

When the bucket 338 reaches the bottom of the pit 35, the cylinder 344 retracts the bar 302. Due to the influence of the lever arms 341 and 346, the bucket 338
rotates counterclockwise as seen in FIG. In fact, this causes the bucket to move forward and scoop up the ash when it is in the pit.

Trolley 337 then moves track 277. The cylinder then extends the rod 302 and the bucket rotates clockwise as viewed in Figure 24, discharging its contents.

[0106] The bucket 338 can be used in environments that produce heavy ash or waste materials, such as gravel, to clean the incineration system. Strong hydraulic cylinder 344
Thanks to this, the bucket 338 provides additional force for digging up the contents of the pit 35.

[0107] Rear hoe type scoop 2 shown in Figures 19 and 20
78 is more suitable for disposing of ordinary autonomous city waste. Therefore, when the rake 278 comes into contact with a solid object, such as a muffler or a bicycle, it must stop its forward movement. The air cylinder 306 has a strong cushioning effect so that when the rake contacts the solids, it stops its movement and does not destroy either the cylinder 306 or the rake 278. Furthermore, the valve arrangement of the cylinder 306 is
When 78 comes into contact with such solids, the pressure is reduced. This allows trolley 273 or track 277
protect many of its components from destruction.

Switching between scoop 278 and bucket 338 requires minimal effort. Naturally, in order to support the buckets, the trolley has buckets 345, 347
including. Also, switching between the two mechanisms simply involves replacing cylinders 306, 344 and scoop 278 with bucket 338. Furthermore, bucket 338
requires lever arms 341, 346 and scoop 278.
does not use such a lever arm. Thus, the type of scoop the ash removal system uses depends on the waste that has been introduced into the incineration system.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an incineration system apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a rekindle unit with two separate rekindle tunnels, each tunnel having two separate rekindle steps.

3 is a side view of the reburn unit of FIG. 2, and also includes:
This shows another process for treating exhaust gas.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of two reburn tunnels taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view, partially in section, of a damper closing one or both of the two reburn tunnels of FIGS. 1-4;

FIG. 6 shows the exit openings of two reburn tunnels and a choke damper that partially closes each exit opening.

FIG. 7 shows a damper closing an inlet opening to either of two reburn tunnels or partially closing an outlet opening.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a reburn tunnel having an exciter member therein that allows air to flow through both the reburn unit wall and the excitation wall.

FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a reburn tunnel having an exciter member therein allowing air to enter the reburn tunnel through a nozzle formed only in the exciter member.

10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of the reburn tunnel shown in FIG. 9; FIG.

11-15 are schematic cross-sectional views of a reburn tunnel with an exciter member illustrating various methods of increasing the cross-sectional area of the reburn tunnel from an inlet opening to an exit opening; FIGS.

FIG. 16 is an isometric view, partially in section, of the main chamber of the incineration system with the grate located near the entrance opening to the chamber, but above the floor of the chamber;

17 is a cross-sectional view from the end of the incineration chamber of FIG. 16; FIG.

FIG. 18 is a side view of a scooping mechanism for removing ash from an exit pit of an incineration system.

FIG. 19 is a side view of the ash scoop used in the mechanism of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a plan view of the rake of FIG. 19;

[Figure 21] Section 21-21 of the rake trajectory guide in Figure 20
FIG. 3 is an end view taken along the line.

FIG. 22 is a side view of yet another ash removal mechanism.

23 is an enlarged view of the chute mechanism shown in FIG. 22,

FIG. 24 is a side view of another ash removal scoop for use in the mechanism shown in FIGS. 18, 22, and 23;

[Explanation of symbols]

30 Incineration system 31 Loader 32 Main chamber 33, 34 Fire bed 35 Pit 36 Removal mechanism 37 Truck 38 Door 41, 42, 123, 153 Reburn tunnel 43
Heat removal stage 51, 52 First reburn stage 53, 54 Second reburn stage 55, 56 Burner 57, 58, 59, 60, 129, 162 Blower 63, 64... Outlet 67, 68 Outlet opening 69, 70, 91, 92 Dampers 71, 72
Damper extensions 75, 76, 93 Lever arms 77, 78 Rods 79, 80, 94 Pistons 81, 82 Brackets 97, 98 Pulleys 99, 100 Counterweight 96 Cables 104, 118 Flexible tube 108 Opening 110 Chamber 112 Partition wall 124, 125 Support body 126 Outer skin 127, 161 Pneumatic chambers 130, 135, 157 Nozzles 131, 184, 196 Inside of reburn tunnel 13
2, 139, 155, 192, 193 Fireproof member 133 Support body 134, 158, 182, 183, 194,
195, 204, 205, 212, 213
Exciter member 142 Inner wall 143 Fireproof cover 159, 160 Support body 180, 190, 191, 200, 201
Outer wall 197 Joint 234 Grate 236, 237 Vertical pipe 238 Horizontal pipe 244 Ash pit 246, 247 Ridge member 248, 249 Jet nozzle 253, 254 Thin film side wall 271 Water 272 Ash 273 Trolley 284 Cable 277 Track 278 Rake 315, 316 Hole 325 Track mechanism 344 Hydraulic cylinder

Claims (20)

[Claims] Claim 1: (1) a main combustion chamber, the combustion chamber having: (a) a first inlet opening for receiving solid bulk waste; (b)
a first outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the main combustion chamber; (2) a reburn unit, the reburn unit having: (b) a second outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (c) burner means connected to the reburn unit for combusting fuel in the reburn unit. (d) an oxidizing means connected to the reburn unit and for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit, wherein: (A) the reburn unit comprises a first and a second (B) said first outlet opening has first and second outlet ports, each vent configured to exhaust gaseous combustion products from said main combustion chamber; (C) the second inlet opening has first and second inlet ports, each of which is connected to the first inlet opening;
and a second outlet opening connected to and in fluid communication with and opening to said first and second reburn sections, respectively; and having third and fourth exit ports from the second reburn section;
(E) said burner means has first and second burner means connected to said first and second reburn sections, respectively, to combust the fuel in those sections; F) said oxidizing means has first and second oxidizing sections connected to said first and second reburning sections, respectively, for directing oxygen-containing gas to said first and second oxidizing sections, respectively; An improved body that is introduced into the first and second reburning parts. Claim 2: (1) a main combustion chamber, having: (a) a first inlet opening for introducing solid waste; and (b)
) a first outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from said main chamber; (2) a reburn unit, having: (b) a second outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from said reburn unit; and (c) burner means connected to said reburn unit for combusting fuel within said reburn unit. and (d) oxidizing means connected to the reburn unit for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit, wherein: (A) in the reburn unit;
An exciter means surrounded by and connected to the unit, and a major part of the length of said exciter means, extending from said second inlet opening to said second outlet opening, is in contact with the wall of said reburn unit. (B) connecting to the oxidizing means and connecting it to the oxidizing means with a fluid; a plurality of nozzle means in communication and forming part of the oxidation means, said nozzle means connected to said exciter means and formed on a surface of said exciter means, said nozzle means being in communication with said exciter means, said nozzle means being in communication with said exciter means; said oxygen-containing gas being introduced into the space between said means at a non-perpendicular angle to said passage. Claim 3: (1) a main combustion chamber, having: (a) a first inlet opening for introducing solid waste; and (b)
) a first chamber for discharging gaseous combustion products from said main combustion chamber;
(2) a reburn unit having: (a) a second inlet opening connected to and in fluid communication with said first outlet opening; and (b) said reburn unit; (c) a second outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the unit;
(d) oxidizing means connected to said reburning unit and for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into said reburning unit. An improvement in a liquid incineration system comprising choke means connected to the second outlet opening for selectively reducing the cross-sectional area of the second outlet opening. Claim 4: (1) a main combustion chamber, having: (a) a first inlet opening for introducing solid waste; and (b)
) a first outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the main combustion chamber; (2) a reburn unit, comprising:
(a) a second inlet opening connected to and in fluid communication with the first outlet opening; (b) a second outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (c)
(d) oxidizing means connected to said reburn unit and for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into said reburn unit. In the incineration system for hydrogen-containing liquids, connected to the reburning unit,
an exciter means disposed therein and surrounded by the exciter means, the majority of the length of the exciter means being in contact with the wall of the reburn unit from the second inlet opening to the second outlet opening. reducing the cross-sectional area of the interior of the reburn unit in a plane transverse to the passage from the second inlet opening to the second outlet opening; and the excitation means facing the interior; An improved body whose surface is made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material. Claim 5: (1) a main combustion chamber having: (a) a first inlet opening for introducing solid waste; and (b)
) a first outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from said main combustion chamber; (2) a reburn unit, having: (a) connected to said first outlet opening; , a second inlet opening in fluid communication therewith; (b) a second outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (c)
(d) burner means connected to the reburn unit and for combusting fuel therein;
oxidizing means for introducing oxygen-containing gas into the reburning unit; an oxidizing means connected to the reburning unit, disposed within the unit, and surrounded by the unit; wherein a majority of the length of the exciter means extends from the second inlet opening to the second outlet opening and is not in contact with a wall of the reburn unit; By reducing the cross-sectional area of the interior of the reburning unit in a plane transverse to the passageway up to Btu/hr. An improvement characterized by thermal conductivity in units of surface thickness l inch, area A in square feet, and temperature T in degrees Fahrenheit. [Claim 6] (1) Connected to the output of the source,
an inlet opening in fluid communication therewith; (2) an outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (3) burner means connected to the reburn unit for combusting fuel within the unit. , (4) an oxidizing means connected to said reburn unit and for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into said reburn unit, said reburn unit comprising: an oxidizing means connected to said reburn unit; In a fume combustion system that improves: (A) the reburn unit has first and second separate reburn sections; (B) the inlet opening has first and second inlet ports;
These first and second inlet ports connect to and are in fluid communication with said output and, respectively, said first and second inlet ports.
and (C) said outlet openings are open to said first and second reburn sections, respectively;
and (D) the burner means has first and second burner portions, the first
and a second burner section for combusting the fuel in the first and second reburn sections, respectively; (E) the oxidizing means has first and second oxidizing sections, each oxidizing section comprising: an improved body connected to first and second reburn sections and introducing an oxygen-containing gas into said first and second reburn sections, respectively. [Claim 7] (1) Connected to the output of the source,
an inlet opening in fluid communication therewith; (2) an outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (3) burner means connected to the reburn unit for combusting fuel within the unit. (4) an oxidizing means connected to said reburn unit and for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into said reburn unit; (A) an exciter means within said reburn unit, surrounded by and connected to said unit, and a majority of the length of said exciter means being within said inlet opening; (B) reducing the cross-sectional area of the reburn unit in a cross-section with respect to a passageway from the inlet opening to the outlet opening without contacting a wall of the reburn unit from the inlet opening to the outlet opening; a plurality of nozzle means connected to, in fluid communication with, and forming part of the oxidizing means; said nozzle means connected to and disposed on a surface of said exciter means; introducing the oxygen-containing fluid into the space between the inner surface of the casing and the exciter means at a non-perpendicular angle to the passageway. [Claim 8] (1) Connected to the output of the source,
an inlet opening in fluid communication therewith; (2) an outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (3) burner means connected to the reburn unit for combusting fuel therein. (4) an oxidizing means connected to said reburning unit and introducing an oxygen-containing gas into said reburning unit to improve the environmental properties of a gaseous fluid containing combustible hydrocarbons emanating from the output of a source; An improvement in a fume combustion system comprising choke means connected to the outlet opening and selectively reducing the cross-sectional area of the outlet opening. [Claim 9] (1) Connected to the output of the source,
an inlet opening in fluid communication therewith; (2) an outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (3) burner means connected to the reburn unit for combusting fuel within the unit. , (4) an oxidizing means connected to said reburning unit and for introducing an oxygen-containing gas into said reburning unit, said reburning unit comprising: an oxidizing means connected to said reburning unit; An improved fume combustion system comprising an exciter means connected to, disposed within and surrounded by said reburn unit, the majority of the length of said exciter means extending from said inlet opening to said outlet opening. across the opening and not in contact with the wall of the reburn unit, and the exciter means reduces the cross-sectional area of the interior of the reburn unit in a cross-section with respect to the passage from the inlet opening to the outlet opening; The surface of the excitation means facing the is made of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material. 10. (1) an inlet opening connected to and in fluid communication with an output of a source; (2) an outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit; and (3) the reburn unit. (4) oxidizing means connected to said reburning unit and introducing oxygen-containing gas into said reburning unit; In a fume combustion system for improving the environmental properties of a gaseous fluid emanating from an output and containing combustible hydrocarbons, the system comprises exciter means connected to, disposed within and supported by said reburning unit. , the majority of the length of the exciter means does not contact the walls of the reburn unit from the inlet to the outlet opening, and the exciter means extends from the inlet to the outlet opening in a cross-section with respect to the passageway. The cross-sectional area of the interior of the reburn unit is reduced, and the surface of the excitation means facing the interior is constructed of a material with a smaller heat transfer constant k, where q is Btu/hr. thermal conductivity in units, where surface thickness l in inches, area A in square feet, and temperature T in °F. 11. (A) placing the bulk waste into the main incinerator through a first inlet opening; (B) combusting the bulk waste to produce gaseous combustion products; and (C) the step of: directing gaseous combustion products from the main combustion chamber through a first outlet opening directly to (a) a second inlet opening of the first reburn section; and (b) a third inlet opening of the second reburn section; (D) combusting fuel within the first and second reburn sections; (E) introducing an amount of oxygen-containing gas into the first and second reburn sections; directing gaseous combustion products from the first and second reburn sections to second and third outlet openings, respectively. 12. (A) supplying bulk waste to a main incinerator through a first inlet opening; (B) combusting the bulk waste to generate gaseous combustion products; and (C) ) directing gaseous combustion products from the main combustion chamber through a first outlet opening directly to a second inlet opening of a reburn unit; directing the gaseous combustion products around an exciter member surrounded by and connected to the unit; a majority of the length of the exciter member passing from the second inlet opening to the second inlet opening; (E) combusting fuel within the reburn unit; (E) combusting fuel within the reburn unit; and (E) combusting fuel within the reburn unit. process and
(F) introducing an amount of oxygen-containing gas into the space between the inner surface of the reburn unit and the exciter member at a non-perpendicular angle to the direction of gas flow through the space; (G
) the gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit to the second
A method of waste incineration comprising: passing through an exit opening. 13. (A) supplying bulk waste to a main incinerator through a first inlet opening; (B) combusting the bulk waste to generate gaseous combustion products; and (C) Gaseous combustion products from said main combustion chamber are routed through a first outlet opening and then directly to a second outlet of a reburn unit.
(D) combusting the fuel within the reburn unit;
(E) introducing an amount of oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit; (F) directing gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit through a second outlet opening; and (G) the second selectively reducing the cross-sectional area of the exit opening. 14. (A) directing said fume from the output of a source directly to an inlet opening of a first reburn section;
(B) combusting fuel within the first and second reburn sections; and (C) directing an amount of oxygen-containing gas to the first and second reburn sections. (D) directing gaseous combustion products from said first and second reburn sections through first and second outlet openings, respectively. How to burn it. 15. (A) directing said fumes from the output of a source directly to an inlet opening of a reburn unit; and (B)
In the reburn unit, the step of directing the fumes around an exciter member within the reburn unit, surrounded by and connected to the unit, and a majority of the length of the exciter member being connected to the inlet. (C) combusting fuel within the reburn unit; and (D) combusting fuel within the reburn unit. introducing an amount of oxygen-containing gas into the space between the inner surface of the exciter member and the exciter member at a non-perpendicular angle to the path of gas flow through the space; (E) directing gaseous combustion products from said reburn unit; A method of burning fumes from the output. 16. (A) directing the fumes of the output directly to an inlet opening of a reburn unit; (B) combusting a fuel within the reburn unit; and (C) directing the fumes of the output to an inlet opening of a reburn unit; (D) directing gaseous combustion products from the reburn unit through an outlet aperture; and (E) selectively reducing the cross-sectional area of the outlet aperture. A method of burning fumes from the output of a source, consisting of a process. 17. A closed main chamber having a refractory bed means for retaining and combusting material thereon, an inlet opening for introducing solid bulk waste, and an outlet opening for discharging gaseous combustion products from the main chamber. an incineration system for bulk waste and hydrocarbon-containing liquids comprising: grate means disposed within said main chamber proximate said inlet opening and positioned above said floor means; , an improvement characterized in that it retains freshly introduced waste through said inlet opening above said floor means for a limited time and then allows said waste to fall onto said floor means while being burnt. 18. (A) an elongated track having first and second ends, the first end being located near a pit, and the second end being spaced apart from and located higher than the first end; One thing and
(B) scooping means moving along said trajectory and having a first configuration and a second configuration; said scooping means retaining ash when in said first configuration; and said scooping means retaining ash when in said second configuration; (C) discharging the ash retained by the scooping means;
) elevator means for moving said scooping means along said track to and from a second position; said scooping means being submerged and near the bottom of said pit when in said first position; (D) said scooping means being out of the water in said pit when in said second position; Apparatus for removing ash from a water-containing pit, comprising control means for moving from a configuration to a first configuration and, when in said second position, from said first configuration to a second configuration. 19. (A) feeding waste through an inlet opening into a closed main chamber of an incineration system and, within said main chamber, onto a grate means located above a refractory floor; (B) partially combusting the refuse while it is on the grate means; (C) feeding the refuse onto the floor means while the refuse continues to burn; (D) a method of incineration of waste comprising the step of continuing combustion of the waste while on the bed means. 20. (A) moving the scooping means downwardly along an elongated trajectory having a first end near the pit and a second end located away from and above the first end; (B) when the scoop is near the bottom of the pit, stopping the downward movement of the scoop; (C) when the scoop means is in the pit, the scoop means (D) moving said scooping means from a second configuration in which the scooping means does not substantially hold waste to a first configuration in which the scooping means holds waste; and (D) moving said scooping means when in said first configuration. (E) moving the scooping means from the first configuration to the second configuration when exiting the pit; A method of removing waste from a pit containing water.