JP3504901B2 - Fume combustion system - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD This application was filed on October 9, 1984.
Japanese Patent Application No. 659,849, which is a continuation-in-part of the present application, which was further filed on March 29, 1982, in U.S. Patent Application No. 362,853, now U.S. Patent No. 4,475,469. Which is a continuation application of U.S. Patent Application No. 248,0 dated March 27, 1981.
No. 54, which is currently a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,705.

John N. Basic Senior said in both patents, "Incinerator with two reburn stages, optionally also with heat recovery," March 2, 1984.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,438,705 dated 7 and 1985
No. 4,516,510, May 14, 2014, both show incineration systems and methods that have made significant advances in refuse incineration. These patents disclose devices and methods for containing a wide variety of refuse of very different types, heat contents and wettability and incinerating them in an environmentally acceptable manner within a single type of equipment. ing. These disclosures are cited in the text as they assist in the understanding of this subject.

The two Basic patents provide a complete incineration system for burning refuse in bulk or in the form of a hydrocarbon liquid. The patents also provide an apparatus and method for incinerating hydrocarbon-containing fumes emanating from its source and also achieve this result without substantially detrimental environmental impact.

[0004]

2. Description of the Prior Art In a system as complex as Basic showed in these two patents,
Various components were creatively considered, which led to improvements and further developments that improved the efficiency of the system. Thus, for example, the basic U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,469, issued Oct. 9, 1984, in the context of the two patents referred to above, moved by the influence of impulses from the inlet of the main chamber to the outlet of the ash to push the combustion waste. An improved hearth is disclosed. This pulsating hearth developed by Basic is an improvement on the main effects shown in the two incinerator patents mentioned above.

Bentforholt's Australian Patent No. 317,401, dated August 26, 1974, is designed to direct air to a reburn tunnel through a tube in the center of the tunnel itself. However, Vorholt does not imply the use of tubes other than introducing air into the tunnel. When air is introduced through the tube hole,
The velocity component of the gas becomes a "T" shape. This causes the air to resist the gas flow through the reburn tunnel.

[0006]

Therefore, the present invention is intended to improve the environmental characteristics of a gas fluid containing combustible hydrocarbons emitted from the output of a source such as a main combustion chamber of an incinerator typified by a refuse incinerator. It provides a fumes combustion system with a reburn unit, for example a very economical system that allows the reburn unit to be heated to operating temperature with a minimum amount of auxiliary fuel before introducing waste into the main combustion chamber. It is a thing. The object of the invention is more particularly the input of gas fluid from the output of the source, whether or not the reburn unit has two reburn tunnels, each with a burner and an exciter means. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fume combustion system equipped with a reburning unit that improves the combustion efficiency even when the gas production rate is low or the gas production rate is also low.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object , according to the present invention, the reburning unit includes: (1) a reburning tunnel connected to the output and in fluid communication therewith . an inlet opening, and (2) and the outlet opening of the relapse tunnel for discharging the gaseous products of combustion from the relapse tunnel (3) connected to the relapse tunnel, burner means for burning a fuel therein, ( 4) An oxygen supply means connected to the reburn tunnel and introducing an oxygen-containing gas into the reburn tunnel , and (a) connected to an outlet opening of the reburn tunnel , and one of which is a closure body at the outlet opening. A choke damper, the other of which operates between at least two configurations in which the closure is removed from the outlet opening, and (b) the reburn ton attached to the choke damper.
Means for actuating said choke dampers in accordance with the temperature sensor in the channel between the two forms, the fume combustion system characterized in that it consists of capital is provided.

[0008] With this configuration, by taken the form of placing the closure choke dampers at the exit opening of relapse tunnel, the gas in relapse tunnel if its input cause perform even complete combustion a minimum Will be held only for a sufficient time. This also means that when the reburn tunnel has cooled, for example, if the waste incineration work is once interrupted and restarted in the main combustion chamber, before the inflow of fumes containing harmful components generated by the waste combustion, The reburn tunnel is easily preheated by taking the form of the choke damper closure and partially closing the outlet opening. Due to this operation, the reburning tunnel has already reached the operating temperature quickly before the inflow of fumes, thus avoiding the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere due to unburned and thus no environmental pollution. . Of course, reversing the operating procedure or returning the exit opening of the return tunnel to its original full size allows the system to operate normally. As a result, the combustible hydrocarbon-containing gas fluid exiting the main combustion chamber is completely combusted in the reburn tunnel , which is maintained at the high temperature required for complete combustion.

One improvement of this type of fume burner divides the reburn tunnel itself into a first reburn section and a second reburn section. Basically, each of these parts is paired with the other so that the other performs its function when one does not operate. In order to be able to use two separate fuel parts, the inlet opening to the reburn tunnel has first and second inlet passages which connect to the output of the hydrocarbon source and Communicate with fluid. The first and second inlet passages open to the first and second reburn portions, respectively.

Similarly, the outlet opening also has first and second outlet openings. These are the first and second tonnes of reburn, respectively.
It is the exit to Nell . Further, the burner and the oxygen supplementing means each have first and second portions. The first part of these two components connects to the first reburn tunnel and the second part of these components connects to the second reburn tunnel .
In each of the two reburn tunnels , the burner section and the oxygen supplement means serve to burn the fuel and introduce the oxygen-containing gas.

A completely different improvement is that the reburn unit is a reburn tunnel consisting of two parts.
Regardless intended, have励燃means, which be in the relapse tunnel is surrounded by the tunnel, to connect to it. As a minimum purpose, the exciter means, in fact, reduces the cross-sectional area through which the oxygen-containing gas must pass to reach the combustible hydrocarbons. In addition, it becomes a reflective surface, allowing the heat entering or being generated in the reburn tunnels to reach the gas molecules for further complete combustion.

In the reburn tunnel , most of the length of the exciter means extends from the entrance of the reburn tunnel to its exit.
Do not touch the walls of the reburn tunnel . Excitation means re-burning tunnel
The purpose is to reduce the cross-sectional area in cross section with respect to the passage from the inlet opening to the outlet opening.

The exciter means, in this configuration, serve to introduce the oxygen-containing gas into the reburn tunnel . Therefore, the exciter means has a nozzle in fluid communication with the oxidation mechanism,
This is arranged on the surface of the excitation means. This nozzle is reburning
Air is delivered to the space between the inner surface of the tunnel and the exciter, the direction of which is non-perpendicular to the direction of the passage from the inlet to the exit of the exciter. By avoiding the "T" shape in this manner, the air flowing through the nozzle into the reburn tunnel assists in creating turbulent gas flow , but does not slow or block the gas flow.

However, the exciter means does not need to introduce air or other oxygen-containing gas into the reburn tunnel to have an important and useful function. It reburns to reflect the heat generated in it or the heat that flows into it .
It need only be passively disposed within the channel . This keeps the gas at a high temperature, which results in efficient and complete combustion. To achieve this, rekindle
The surface of the exciter means facing the interior of the tunnel has a component of heat and corrosion resistant material. This prevents the exciter means from being damaged by temperature or breaking in the gas environment in which the reburner means operates.

Further, the exciting means should not absorb heat from the reburning means or move it inside. Rather, the exciter must have a relatively low thermal conductivity to reflect heat from its surface and transfer it to the combustion gases. As a usual limitation, the surface of the exciter unit facing the interior of the reburn tunnel has a heat transfer constant k of 60
Btu.in/hr.ft. Composed of materials smaller than 2 ° F, k
Is defined as k = ql / AT, where q is the thermal conductivity in Btu / hr., Where surface thickness in inches, area l, area A in square feet, temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (F °). T.

The aforementioned components of the fume combustion system according to the invention form part of an integrated incineration system rather than merely acting as a fume burner. In this case, in addition to the above-mentioned improved reburn unit, the incineration system also has a main combustion chamber with an inlet for introducing solid waste.

That is, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the source is a main combustion chamber, and the main combustion chamber comprises: (a) an inlet opening for containing solid waste; ) Said reburning tongue for discharging gaseous combustion products
And an outlet opening forming the output in fluid communication with the inlet opening of the flannel .
With this configuration, the combustion product gas from the main combustion chamber is discharged from the outlet opening, the combustion product gas passes through the outlet opening is discharged from the main combustion chamber is connected to the inlet opening of relapse tunnel, where relapse tunnels and Communicate with fluid. By adapting the main combustion chamber for incinerating solid waste to such a smoke combustion system, a more convenient smoke combustion system can be obtained.

In the fume combustion process utilizing two reburn tunnels, the fume is delivered directly from the source output to the inlet openings of the first and second reburn sections. In order to maintain the desired temperature, this method generally requires burning the fuel in these two reburn sections. An oxygen-containing gas must be introduced into the reburning portion to promote combustion of the gas. Finally, the combustion products gas in the reburning section is delivered through the outlet opening.

The two reburn sections are, of course, not necessary for the combustion by the exciter to take place. Rather, the fumes from the source output are sent to the entrance opening of the reburn tunnel . In that case, the fumes flow around the exciter means in the reburn tunnel . The exciter is supported by and connected to the reburn tunnel .
From the entrance of the reburn tunnel to its exit most of the length of the exciter does not touch the wall of the reburn tunnel .

To maintain the proper temperature, the fuel typically burns in a reburn tunnel . Therefore, as described above, the oxygen-containing gas must be introduced into the reburn tunnel in order to burn the hydrocarbon. The oxygen-containing gas enters the space between the inner surface of the reburn tunnel and the exciter at a non-perpendicular angle to the direction of gas flow in that space. Finally, the combustion products gas exits the reburn tunnel .

[0021] In another aspect, combustion of fumes proceeds in the reburn tunnel described above. Combustion of the fuel that occurs within the tunnel maintains the temperature therein at the desired level. When the oxygen-containing gas is introduced, fumes are burned if necessary. Maintaining the temperature in the tunnel at the desired level by selectively reducing the area of the exit opening where the combustion products exit the reburn tunnel, either by adding a small amount of fuel or without refueling at all. be able to.

In order to burn the refuse according to these developments mentioned above, in addition to the burning of the fumes mentioned above, it must be admitted into the main incinerator through the inlet opening. There, the loose dust is burned to generate combustion product gas. These combustion products gases directly through the outlet opening from the main combustion chamber, relapse tunnel
Sent to the entrance opening of Le .

Combustion is particularly successful for certain types of refuse if a grate device is provided above the floor of the main incinerator and in the immediate vicinity of the inlet opening. This grate device holds the refuse for a limited time after it is introduced through the inlet opening. As a result, the grate device causes the refuse to fall to the floor of the main chamber during continued combustion.

The use of an auxiliary grate in such a manner is particularly advantageous for various types of refuse made of damp materials or materials rich in high Btu combustibles. In the former case, the debris is held on the grate for only a short time so that it dries and then falls onto the floor of the main room. Otherwise, it will be more difficult to keep the combustion in the desired state.

In the case of high Btu trash, holding it on the grate volatilizes some of the trash and begins to burn at relatively high temperatures. As the rest falls from the grate, the temperature drops, reducing the tendency of the chamber floor to melt.
To obtain this effect, the method of burning the refuse first feeds it through the inlet opening to the enclosed main chamber of the incineration system, in particular on the grate in the main chamber. Below this grate is a refractory floor. In this method, some dust continues to burn while on the grate.

While the dust continues to burn, it generally falls and falls on the floor of the main room. Finally, the refuse continues to burn on the floor. When refuse burns in an incinerator system, ash often forms, which is released into a pool of water. fact,
This water separates the internal environment of the incinerator from the external environment of the room. By removing these ash from time to time,
Do not fill the pits with ashes.

An improved device for removing ash from pits is the first
Near the pit has an extendable track with its first end. The second end is located above and away from the first end. The scooping device moves along the orbit, and the device is the first and second
The morphology is shown. In the first form it scoops ash, the second
In the form, it releases scooped ash.

The scooping device is moved along the track by the elevator until the scooping device reaches a first position in the pit near the first end. In this position, the scooping member itself is in the water of the pit.

The elevator then moves the scooping member to a second position near the other end of the track. In this position the rescue member is completely out of the water in the pit. Finally, a control device is connected to the scooping member. The controller moves the scoop from the first configuration to the second configuration when in the first position inside the pit. As a result, the scooping member actually catches ash and other waste materials in the pit.

When in the second or raised position, the controller moves the scooping member from the first configuration to the second configuration. As a result, the scooping member releases the scooped ash. The ash typically then falls into the container body, or truck.

The process of removing ash and other debris from the pit begins by lowering the scooping member along the track until it reaches a first end near the pit. And the descent of the scooping member stops. The scooping member changes its form so as to scoop up the waste in the pit. The scooping member ascends from the pit along the track while maintaining the form that can hold the waste. When the scooping member exits the pit, it changes from the first form to the second form and spills ash at the proper location.

[0032]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows an incineration system generally designated by the numeral 30. Bulk refuse or hydrocarbon-containing liquid is introduced into the incineration system 30 through the loader 31 and further into the main chamber 32. The solid waste remains on the vibrating hearth 33, 34 for most of the time it remains in the incineration system 30. When the fuel bed is complete, the residual ash falls into the pit 35 where the removal mechanism 36 lifts the ash and transfers it to the truck 37. The door 38 allows entry into the main chamber 32 for normal maintenance.

The combustion gas generated by the combustion in the main chamber passes through the two reburning tunnels 41 and 42 and is sent through the next process recirculation and heat removal step 43. Those gases are finally discharged from the chimney 44. The heat recovered from the incineration system 30 is sent to the pipe 45.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, the reburn tunnel 41,
42 has respective first reburning steps 51, 52 and respective second reburning steps 53, 54. First step 51,5
The burners 55 and 56 at the start of 2 are tunnel 41,
Hold the temperature at 42 at the desired level for operation. The burners also bring the reburn temperature to the proper level at the beginning of operation. In fact, the incineration system must reach its operating temperature only after being shut down and before taking in the trash. Burners 55, 56 are useful for this purpose.

The blowers 57 and 58 send air to the first combustion process and the blowers 59 and 60 send air to the second combustion process. Gas from the second stage 53, 54 is sent through outlets 63, 64. The cross-sectional areas of the second reburning steps 53 and 54 are the first reburning step 5 of the tunnels 41 and 42, respectively.
It is larger than the cross-sectional area of 1,52. For this reason, the second reburning step 53, 54 involves the intake of air and the tunnel 41,
A large amount of gas resulting from combustion of vaporized hydrocarbons within 42 can be received. This is one way to increase the volume from the entrance to the exit of the reburn tunnel. Other ways to achieve this same objective include the discussion below with respect to FIGS.

After passing through the second steps 53 and 54, the gas is sent to the next processing section 43. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, gas from the main chamber 32 is routed through outlet openings 67 and 68 which also respectively reburn the ton.
It becomes an entrance opening to the channels 41 and 42. Damper 69,7
When 0 is in the position shown in FIGS.
Cover 7,68 and close them. In operation, of course, at least one of the dampers 69, 70 is open.
When there is sufficient combustion material inside the main chamber 32, both dampers open and send gas through the reburn tunnels 41, 42.

The dampers 69, 70 have axial extensions 71, 72 for moving them. Extension 71,
Lever arms 75 and 76 are firmly connected to 72.
The lever arms 75 and 76 are connected to the piston 7 by the rods 77 and 78.
9 and 80, the pistons are fixed at their other ends to brackets 81 and 82. When the pistons 79, 80 of FIGS. 3 and 5 extend, the lever arm 76 and its companion arm (not shown) rotate about its axis 72, opening the dampers 69, 70.

Balance weights 83 and 84 are rotatably connected to the other ends of the lever arms 75 and 76, respectively. Their counterweight balances the weight of the dampers 69, 70 and facilitates their controlled movement. Most of the weight of the dampers 69, 70 is due to having a cover of refractory material 86 as shown in FIG. This, of course, prevents the high temperature and corrosion of the gas flowing around it.

To further protect the dampers 69, 70, they have air channels as described below with respect to FIG. The flow of air through the dampers 69, 70 keeps the dampers at a temperature that does not destroy them.

Similarly, the choke dampers 91, 92 cover the outlet openings 63, 64 of the reburn tunnels 41, 42, respectively. However, as shown in FIG. 6, the choke dampers 91, 92 cover up to about 60% of the outlet openings 63, 64 even when in the closed position as shown therein. When closed, those choke dampers will reburn tunnels 41, for a longer time to complete the combustion.
Hold the gas in 42. Typically, such retention is desirable when the tunnels 41, 42 are frequently used by the main chamber 32 to handle the maximum refuse throughput of the system, or substantially less than the maximum combustion gas throughput. .

The choke dampers 91 and 92 operate independently of each other depending on the conditions in the respective reburn tunnels 41 and 42. The dampers are controlled, for example, by temperature sensors in the respective tunnels. The lower temperatures indicate the need to close the appropriate choke dampers to keep the heat in each tunnel. Also, when the incinerator system produces steam, the damper control measures the steam pressure produced by the system. The decrease in steam pressure means
Indicates that the amount of heat in the system is low. This is an indication that one or both choke dampers 91, 92 need to be closed at least to some extent.

The choke dampers 91, 92 of FIG. 6 not only have a fully open or a fully closed position, but also a little less than their maximum closed amount, the outlets 63, 64.
Can occupy an intermediate position that effectively closes. The movement of the choke damper 91 is caused by the action of the lever arm 93 connected to the piston 94 for performing a desired movement between opening and closing as shown in FIG. A cable 95 is attached to the damper 91, and the cable goes around a pulley 97 and is connected to a weight 99 for balancing the weight of the damper 91. In FIG. 6, a cable 96, a pulley 98 and a counterweight 100 for the tunnel 42 are shown.

The choke dampers 91 and 92 work to prolong the residence time of the gas in the reburn tunnels 41 and 42. In other words, it acts to slow the flow of gas through these chambers. To make combustion desirable, the gas velocity typically should not exceed about 55 feet per second. The gas should flow at less than about 46 feet per second to ensure proper combustion.

The choke dampers 91 and 92 are in the shape of a rectangular block as shown in the figure, and they open and close by pivoting. It can also be a square block so that the dampers can slide laterally into a position that partially closes the outlet openings 63, 64, and sliding them in the opposite direction causes them to slide. You can also open it. In fact, the damper can even slide through an opening in the outer wall of the incineration system for this purpose.

As another method, the reburn tunnel 4
The choke dampers at the ends of 1, 42 can also be in the form of butterfly valves. With this shape, they are re- burning
It will be positioned in round or rectangular shape in the outlet Le.
The butterfly valves then pivot about their center to partially open and close the exit of the reburn tunnel.
In this case, the valve lies within the opening but minimizes the area occupied by its edges so that it does not substantially obstruct the gas flow.

FIG. 7 shows a typical damper, for example a closure 70 for an outlet opening 68 to the second reburn tunnel 42 shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, air is supplied through the damper 70 so that its temperature does not rise to a level where it is seriously damaged by the surrounding heating environment. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the end of the axial extension 72 is located outside the tunnel 42.

Since the inside of the extension portion 72 is hollow, gas can pass through. A flexible tube 104 connects to the closer axial extension 74 to provide cooling gas and provides a source of cooling gas. The cooling gas is sent to the shaft portion 106 through the inside of the extension portion 72, and is supplied from the opening 108 to the chamber 11
Sent to 0. The cooling gas then flows through the passage formed by the partition 112 and indicated by arrow 114. After all,
The cooling gas reaches the opening 116 of the shaft 106, where it passes through the other axial extension 72, through which it is delivered to the flexible tube 118.

FIG. 8 shows a reburn tunnel designated by reference numeral 123, which is a portion 51 of the reburn tunnel 41,
Or 53, or a portion 52 of the reburn tunnel 42,
Function as 54. The tunnel 123 is generally located on the supports 124, 125. The tunnel 123 is surrounded by an outer skin 126, and a pneumatic chamber 127 is formed between the outer skin and the wall 128. Pressurized air is sent to the air pressure chamber 127 by a blower 129. From there the air is sent through the nozzle 130 and from there to the interior 131 of the reburn tunnel 123. Inner wall 128 and nozzle 1
The 30 is covered with a refractory material 132, which protects the interior 131 of the tunnel 123 from the heat and corrosive environment. Further, the air in the air pressure chamber 127 passes through the support 133, and the exciter member 134 located inside the tunnel 131.
Sent in. From there, pass through the nozzle 135 and the interior 13
1 is sent to help burning.

The support 133 itself generally has an inner wall 138 of metallic component. A refractory material 139 surrounds the wall 138 to protect it from the tunnel environment. Also, the support 1
33 has a rectangular cross section when viewed in a plane parallel to the surface on which the tunnel sits. This will result in the support having the largest cross-sectional area due to the interference of gas flow in the tunnel.

Similarly, the combustor member 134 has a metal inner wall 1
Fireproof cover 1 to prevent 42 from being damaged by corrosion or heat
Protected by 43. Nozzle 135 with fireproof cover 143
Penetrates. As shown in FIG. 8, the air emitted from the nozzle 135 flows with a tangential velocity component. In other words, the nozzle 135 forms an angle with the radius from the center of the exciter member 134. The preferred angle is 45 °.

The nozzle 135 having a tangential velocity component
The air exiting from is discharged along the passage indicated by arrow 144. This tangential flow of air causes tunnel interior 1
It mixes with the combustible gas contained in 31 efficiently and effectively.
In addition, the nozzle 135, like the outer nozzle 130, imparts an axial velocity component to the delivered air. That is, the nozzle is arranged downstream. The air exiting the nozzle is actually axial, i.e. 45 ° to the downstream direction.
Make a °.

Further, the nozzles 135 are formed on the combustor member 134 in rows from the inlet to the outlet. To help create the desired turbulence in the interior 131 of the tunnel, the nozzles have more staggered rows to provide more air and more turbulence.

The structure of FIG. 8 can be variously modified for different purposes. Thus, when the nozzle 130 is closed, the pneumatic chamber 1
All of the air from 27 goes around the perimeter of wall 128, through support 133 into the exciter member 134, out of the nozzle 135 and into the tunnel interior 131. This is effective in producing the turbulence required for combustion.

Further, the outer wall 126 and the inner wall 12 of the air pressure chamber.
The position barrier 145 between the two allows air from the blower 129 to flow around virtually all of the pneumatic chamber 127 and then to the inlet 14 to the support 133.
Try to reach 6. This has the effect of cooling the inner wall 128 with air before allowing air to flow into the interior 131. Furthermore, as the air gets wet, tunnel 1
The temperature in 23 is maintained at the level required for combustion.

Further, it is possible to eliminate the need to install a nozzle on the exciting member 134. In this case, inside the tunnel 131
All air entering into is sent through the nozzle 130 in the reburn unit 123 itself. Still, the exciter member must still allow some air flow therethrough from one support to the other. this is,
This is to provide a cooling effect so that the heat inside the reburn tunnel 123 does not destroy the exciter member 134.

The exciter member 134, with or without the nozzle 135, serves another additional purpose. The heat generated in the inside 131 of the tunnel 123 helps burn the gas inside. Heat near the center of the interior 131 is transferred to the fire resistant cover 143 of the combustor member 134. From there, the heat accumulated in the interior 131 is radiated to further promote combustion.

In order to re-reflect the absorbed heat, the exciter member 13
Almost no heat flows through the wall of 4. Thus, it should generally have a low thermal conductivity constant k of about 60 or less. Furthermore, the air entering the interior 131 must create turbulence due to combustion. The exciter member 134 reduces the maximum effective radius of the space inside the tunnel 123. Thus, the air flowing into the interior 131 shortens the distance it reaches the combustion gases. Therefore, the turbulent flow necessary for the combustor member 134 is generated more effectively.

Preferably, the space between the outer surface of the fire resistant cover 143 of the combustor member 134 and the inner surface of the refractory material 132 covered by the inner wall 128 is all maintained at a constant distance around the combustor member 134. To be done. Because of this, the oxygen flowing into the tunnel interior 131 mixes most effectively and produces turbulence. In the case of a cylindrical reburn tunnel as shown in FIG. 8, the inside 131 has an annular shape.

In the case of a combustion system with a single reburn tunnel, a single exciter is clearly sufficient. First to
In the case of a system with two reburn tunnels as shown in FIG. 6, one or both of the tunnels has an exciter. Of course, the exciter member has the most desirable shape as described above.

FIG. 9 shows a portion of reburn tunnel 153, which is substantially representative of either reburn tunnel 41 or 42 shown in FIG. Inner wall 154 has a refractory cover 155 but no nozzles therethrough. All the air flowing into the inside 156 of the tunnel 153 passes through the nozzle 157 of the combustor 158. The air is supplied to the first and second supports 159, 1 as described above.
After passing through 60, it flows into the combustor 158 and eventually flows out of the pneumatic chamber 161. Blower 162 as shown in FIG.
Delivers pressurized air which eventually flows through nozzle 157 into interior 156.

As described above, the nozzle 157 introduces air having a velocity component in the axial direction. In other words, at least part of the air is directed from the inlet to the outlet of the reburn tunnel 153, or from the first support 159 to the second support 160.
Is introduced in the direction toward.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the nozzle transmits a velocity component in the radial direction and a tangential velocity component to the air passing therethrough. Again, this nozzle introduces air at an angle of about 45 ° to the radial direction. Thus, one-half of the non-axial velocities of the gases move them outwards, and the other half move around the interior 156. The results are shown in FIG. 10, where the arrow 165 indicates the general spiral motion with respect to the direction of air movement.

The pneumatic chamber 161 does not extend over the entire circumference of the reburn tunnel 153. Rather, it need only extend from the blower 162 to the first support 159. The outer wall 167 forms a pneumatic chamber 161 together with the circumferentially recessed portion of the outer wall 154 attached to the fireproof member 155 along the axial direction. FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view of a reburn tunnel having an outer wall 180, a refractory member 181, and two exciter members 182 and 183. The arrows indicate the direction of gas flow, as shown in FIGS. In Figure 11,
Excitation members 182, 183 have the same constant cross-sectional area. However, the cross-sectional area of the interior 184 increases in the direction of gas flow because the cross-section of the refractory member 181 slopes outward. This allows more air to be introduced into the reburn portion through wall 181 or combustor members 182,183. The cross-sectional area of the combustor 184 also increases progressively as the internal slope of the refractory member is progressively formed.

In FIG. 12, another type of reburn tunnel is shown. It also has outer walls 190, 191,
It has refractory members 192 and 193 and combustible portions 194 and 195. As shown here, the interior 196 increases sharply in a staircase fashion with the joint 197 discontinuous. This shows, for example, the junction between two separate reburn steps shown in FIGS.

FIG. 13 shows a reburning portion having outer walls 200 and 201, refractory members 202 and 203, and exciting portions 204 and 205. There, the interior 206 gradually increases at the junction 207 between the two parts. However, the sloping wall at the junction 207 produces less of another undesirable additional turbulence than the very sharp discontinuity 197 of FIG.

Another reburning portion is shown in FIG. 14, which has an outer wall 210, a refractory member 211 and exciter members 212, 213. Since the cross-sectional area of the exciter member 213 is smaller than that of the exciter member 212, the gas is excited by the excited portion 2
When flowing from 12 to the combustor portion 213, the cross-sectional area 214 of the interior 214 increases.

Finally, FIG. 15 shows the outer wall 220 and the inner wall 22.
1 shows the reburning part with 1 and the exciter members 222, 223.
When the exciter members 222, 223 are conically shaped, the amount of gas gradually increases as the gas flows across the combustor portion of the interior 224.

Of course, the first combustion of refuse occurs in the main chamber 32, as shown in FIGS. Spiral feeder 23
0 allows the introduction of specific waste such as rice husks. In a more typical case, the debris is the opening 23 in the front wall 232.
Inflow through 1. In either case, the debris that flows into the incineration system 32 falls onto a grate, generally designated 234. There it immediately begins to burn.

If the litter is highly moist, it is placed on top of the grate 234 to dry and ready for subsequent combustion. If the dust flows into the hearth 33 immediately after the dust flows in, it becomes more difficult to dry the dust for the next combustion.

Further, a material having a very high calorific value (Btu-British calorie unit) such as plastic burns at a very high temperature.
If this occurs on the floor 33, the uneven heating will attach itself to the hearth. Thus, the debris falls on the grate 234 for a limited time. However, most of the solidified hydrocarbons contained in the material are
When the refuse slips through the grate 234 and onto the hearth 33, it is not yet burning. By this time the content of volatile hydrocarbons has already been transformed into a gas stream.

As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the grate 23
4 is a through hole 235 for dropping dust on the hearth 33.
Have. The size of the opening of the through hole 235 is 12 to 18 inches. Before most of the solidified hydrocarbons are burned, therefore most types of debris fall onto the hearth.

Since the grate 234 is, of course, in the thermally erosive environment of the main chamber 32, it must have some mechanism to cool it in order to prevent its destruction. Therefore, the grate 234 is formed by the hollow horizontal pipe 23.
6, 237 and a vertical tube 238. The lateral tube 236 has couplings 239 and 240, and the lateral tube 237 has couplings 241 and 242. This allows the grate 234
A fluid for cooling can be flowed through. The fluid introduced in this way may be air, water, steam or oil.

Further, the horizontal and vertical tubes 236 of the grate 234.
~ 238 has a refractory coating on its surface for additional heat protection. Finally, a wear resistant surface, typically formed of hard refractory material, protects the grate 234 from wear due to debris falling there. The hearth 33 can have various shapes. The pulsating hearth shown in the aforementioned US Pat. No. 4,475,469 to Basic is particularly recommended. Other hearths are possible, each with different effects.

Thus, for example, the hearth 33 is simply a fixed hearth. Typically, some form of ram or other extruder moves the refuse until it burns to ash and falls into a suitable collection means. However, many floors are designed to assist the movement of debris burned with some kind of movement from the inlet to the outlet of the main chamber.

The hearth 33 is of a movable type or a fixed type. However, experience has shown that the mobile type is preferred. Above all, the pulsating hearth is most efficient, whether it is the configuration shown in the above-referenced U.S. patents, or otherwise. In the Basic patent, the hearth moves periodically in a reciprocating circular arc in a direction from the inlet 231 to the outlet. Just like throwing snow with a shovel for shoveling and throwing it away, the hearth piled with garbage at the entrance quickly moves in an arc shape toward the exit and is quickly stopped, and the garbage is thrown up in front of the hearth. The same operation is repeated.

The hearth 33 shown in FIG. 16 has a shape that is effective for burning various types of refuse. in this case,
The hearth 33 has a front wall 232 with an inlet and an ash pit 2 at the outlet.
It is inclined up to 44. By slightly inclining the upper hearth 33 and the lower hearth 34, debris is more likely to move with any movement of the hearth.

Further, the hearth 33, 34 has ridges 246, 247 formed on the upper surface thereof, respectively. These form channels in which the debris is mixed to aid combustion. The nozzles 248, which are the pores of the upper hearth 33, and the nozzles 249 of the lower hearth 34 inject air to make up for the lack of combustion, and promote the combustion of dust.

As shown in FIG. 17, the nozzles 249 of the lower hearth 34, like the nozzles 248 of the upper hearth 33, tilt downward as they inject air into the main chamber 32. This downward angle of the nozzles 249, 248 prevents debris from entering the nozzle and becoming clogged.

The amount of air introduced through the nozzles 248, 249 will depend on the particular conditions of the main chamber 32. Thus, as mentioned above, this incineration system may have less waste to operate at or near its capacity. In this case, the entire incineration system reaches its proper operating temperature, even with a small amount of air released through these jets.

Instead of the hearths 33, 34, the main chamber 32 may have a grate bed below the grate 234. In that case, the refuse will fall from the upper grate to the lower grate and then allow its complete combustion to take place. The lower grate may be stationary, or it may have some type of movement to move the combustion debris toward the ash pit 244.

This can operate in connection with the use of choke dampers 91, 92. One way to reduce the amount of air in the main chamber is to simply turn off the air introduced into the second or lower hearth 34. The main chamber 32 has thin film side walls 253 and 254, which are schematically shown in FIGS. Water flows through these walls through the lower inlet tubes 255, 256. From there, the water flows through the thin film walls 253, 254 tubes 257, 2
Through 58 to the top tube 259. Heated water flows from there to other parts and is a useful source of energy in the form of steam for power generation, heating, or for other purposes.

As mentioned above, the main chamber does not fill the trash in order to supply heat through the incineration system. In this case, the amount of heat extracted from the top tube 259 is small, leaving sufficient heat in the main chamber and in the reburn tunnel to maintain the temperature required for clean and effective combustion.

The ash pit 244 of the main chamber 32 has spiral conveyors 263 and 264. This makes the pit 244
Ash is removed from the. However, as with other ash removal systems, such as chain pulling systems, the moving members of the spiral conveyors 263, 264 are in water or in the ash pit and are difficult to repair in this case. is there. Accordingly, an improved ash removal system is shown in Figures 18-25.

The ash pit 35 is shown schematically in FIG. Typically, the bottom contains water 271 and ash 272. Of course, the water 271 seals between the inside of the main combustion chamber and the atmosphere. As it turns out, the ash 272 is sometimes in the pit 35.
Must be removed from the. To this end, a scooping mechanism, generally indicated at 273, descends along track 277 and its trough 278 enters water 271 in the form shown by the solid line in FIG. 18 to scoop ash mass 272. Then, when the trough is at the bottom of pit 272,
Return to the form of transportation indicated by the dotted line of 8. This makes the trough 27
8 can pick up a part of the ash 272.

Thereafter, the scooping mechanism 273 ascends along a track 277 having two U-shaped rails laid in parallel with each other. It is preferable that the scooping mechanism temporarily stop immediately after lifting the trough 278 from the water 271. At that time, the water contained in the ash 272 drops from the numerous openings 281 provided at the bottom of the trough 278. A trough structure is provided at the back of the track 277, which allows the water dripping from the trough 278 to move into the pit 35.
Lead to.

When the scooping mechanism 273 returns to the high position shown in FIG. 18, the trough 278 moves from its holding position shown by the dotted line to the discharging position shown by the solid line. Ash then orbit 2
It falls from trough 278 through 73 during 282 and is placed in the bed of truck 37 or other shipping container. The guard plates 283 hanging on both sides of the track 273 prevent the ash from scattering to the outside of the bed of the truck 37.

The scooping mechanism 273 can be moved up and down on the track 277 by the cable 284.
One end of the cable 284 is attached to a typical winch (not shown), and the cable 28 is controlled by controlling the winch.
No. 4 is rolled or unraveled. Next, the cable 284 is wound around a pulley 285 fixed to the upper end of the track 277, and its end is attached to the scooping mechanism 273. When the winch unwinds the cable 284, the cable turns around the pulley 285 and lowers the scooping mechanism 273 to the pit 35. When the winch winds up the cable 284, the scooping mechanism 273
Is lifted from the water and rises along track 277.

The trolley constituting the main part of the scooping mechanism 273 is shown in detail in FIGS. The scooping mechanism 273 is, firstly, the runner bar 28.
8, 289, and a rigid frame composed of a front crossbar 290 and a rear crossbar 291 which are firmly attached to the runner bars 288, 289. The front wheels 292, 293 and the rear wheels 294, 295 ride on the inside of a track 277 having a U-shaped cross section, as shown in FIG. further,
The horizontal guide wheels 296 and 297 contact the track 277 from the outside of the rear wheels 294 and 295, respectively. This ensures that the scooping mechanism 273 is properly aligned on the track 277.

The guide wheels 296 and 297 are further arranged at the scooping mechanism 2 at a position where ash is taken out from the pit 35.
There is also an effect that 73 can be used while being held on the track as it is. In particular, the guide wheels 296 and 297 that come into contact with the rail side portions of the track 277 and the rear wheels 294 and 295 that ride on the inside of the track member 277 direct the scooping mechanism 273 to the track 277. When the cable 284 descends the trough 278 into the pit 35, only the front end of the trolley actually enters the water 271. The rear of the trolley 273, including wheels 294-297, is always outside the water 271.

Thus, the wheels, which must be kept in close contact with the rails of the track 277 at all times in order to properly orient the trolley of the scooping mechanism 273, are outside the water and therefore corroded by water or submerged in water. It is not damaged by scrap wood.

The fact that the back of the trolley is out of the water has a further effect on controlling the configuration of the trough 278. The trough 278 has a flange 301 firmly fixed thereto, and the flange 301 has a rod 30
One end of 2 is pivotally connected at the junction 303.
The other end of the rod 302 is connected to a piston that is reciprocally arranged in a cylinder 306. The cylinder 306 is mounted on the rear crossbar 291 in sequence on the flanges 307, 308.
Pivot connection between them.

When the pressure in cylinder 306 pushes its piston outward, it causes rod 302 to move to the 19th, 20th and 20th positions.
Extend to the right as seen in the figure. This in turn causes the flange 301 to move downward. As a result, the trough 278
Moves around its rotational coupling 309, 310 to the sidebars 288, 289. This is a trough 278
Is pivoted from the position shown by the solid line in FIGS. 18 and 19 to the position shown by the dotted line.

As a result, when the pressure in the cylinder retracts the piston, the rod 302 moves to the left as seen in FIGS. 19 and 20, pulling the connecting portion 303 with the flange 301 in the same direction. This is the flange 301 and the trough 27 in sequence.
8 is pivoted clockwise from the position shown by the dotted line in FIG. 19 to the position shown by the solid line. This moves the trough from the discharge position to the holding position where it contained ash. This movement naturally occurs in the pit 35 as well, so the trough 278
Scoops up part of the ash 272.

During such a scooping operation, the trough 27
8 contacts the solid object in the pit 35. This occurs because incineration system 30 accepts trash without prior classification. In this way, common solid objects in the pit 35 are a muffler for automobiles and other metal parts that are discarded without being sorted. Preferably, the cylinder 306 should not move further when striking the trough 278 against a solid object. Thus, in this intermediate position, the trough 278 remains in contact with the solid object.

After the scooping mechanism 273 is struck, the track 27
When moving 7, pull the solid material along with its orbit. When the trough 278 reaches its top position, it again moves to its discharge position and drops muffler and other solids onto the truck 37. If the cylinder 306 is of the air control type, it will have cushioning properties, and the track 2
It provides the added convenience that the solids can be removed without damaging 77.

The fluid that controls the cylinder 306 is the hose 3
Flowing through 15, 316, these hoses are sequentially wound around reel 317. As the scooping mechanism 273 moves up and down the track 277, the reel 317 releases or grabs the middle portion 319, 320 of the hose, causing it to deviate from the passage of the trolley.

Again, with the scooping mechanism 273 in its lowest position, the cylinder 306 and reel 317 are out of the water when the trough 278 enters the pit 35. Thus, they are immune to the adverse effects of chemicals contained in water, ash, or both. In addition, the cable 284
The winch that operates is always outside the water, as can be seen in FIG. FIG. 22 shows a track mechanism indicated generally by 325, but the chute mechanism for discharging ash to the track 37 is slightly different from the case of FIG. The track 277 and the trolley of the scooping mechanism 273 are virtually the same as the above-mentioned example.

However, the track mechanism 325 has a rotary chute guide 326, which has a scooping mechanism 273 located near the top of the track, as shown in FIG. The trough 278 then moves from its holding position to its discharge position. When the ash is picked up from the pit 35 and the ash falls from the trough 278, the shoot guide 326
Directs the ashes to the bed of truck 37. Ash is the truck 37
After being loaded on the loading platform of FIG.
Since it rotates in the counterclockwise direction, the shovel 327 constitutes a part of the inclined gutter.

The mechanism for controlling the rotatable chute guide 326 is shown more clearly and in greater detail in FIG.
This is different from the shoe guide 32 shown in FIG.
6 shows the state of 6 viewed from the opposite side. As shown here, the operation of the rotatable shovel 327 of the chute guide 326 results from the movement of the cylinder 330. Cylinder 330
When pushes a piston reciprocally disposed therein, the piston connects to a lever arm 331 that is firmly secured to the shovel 327. In that case, the lever arm 33
1 has a position shown by a dotted line, and the shovel 327 is connected to the rest of the chute 326.

When the piston 330 retracts, the lever arm 3
23 is pulled to the right to the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 23, and the shovel 327 rotates clockwise. This causes waste from trough 278 to drop onto the bed of truck 37.

Another type of scooping mechanism is shown at 337 in FIG. It utilizes the same trolley as in FIGS. Thus, it's a crossbar 2
90 and 291 have the same runner bars 288 and 289. It also moves along the track in the same manner as described above utilizing wheels 292-297.

This trailer uses a bucket 338 instead of the trough 278 shown in the previous figure, which has a through hole 339 for water flow. This bucket 33
8 has a rotary coupling at the joint 292 and has a flange 340 for controlling its position. The rough lunge 340 connects to a lever arm 341 attached to a conventional rod 302. In turn, rod 302 connects to a piston within hydraulic cylinder 344. The bucket 338 has a flange 340 that must be pivotally attached to the trolley via a pivot coupling, as in FIGS.

To ensure proper movement of the rod 302 and the lever arm 341, the rod 302 has its joint 303.
Then, connect to the other lever arm 346. Lever arm 3
46 is pivotally connected by a support 348 to a flange 347 attached to the crossbar 290 (see FIG. 20). The lever arm 341 thus ensures a correct rotational movement of the joint 303 and thus also a scooping movement of the bucket 338.

During operation, the rod 30 is moved by the cylinder 344.
When 2 is extended, the bucket 338 rotates clockwise as seen in FIG. No waste is retained in this position. Then, the scooping mechanism 337 descends along the track 277, and the bucket 338 is immersed in the water. The bucket moves between a track 277 and a gutter 328 that is integrally formed below the track 277 in parallel with the track.

When the bucket 338 reaches the bottom of the pit 35, the cylinder 344 retracts the rod 302. The action of the lever arms 341 and 346 causes the bucket 338 to move to the position shown in FIG.
See and rotate counterclockwise. In fact, this causes the bucket to move forward and scoop up ash when in the pit.

After that, the trolley of the scooping mechanism 337 is moved up on the track 277. The cylinder then extends rod 302 and bucket 338 is shown in FIG.
When viewed, it rotates clockwise and releases its contents.

The bucket 338 can also be used in an environment that produces heavy ash and debris, such as gravel, to clean its incineration system. Thanks to the rigid hydraulic cylinder 344, the bucket 338 is not only able to scoop the ash in the pit 35, but also to give it a force to dig up.

Rear harrow trough 27 shown in FIGS.
8 is particularly suitable for incineration of various types of bulky refuse from ordinary cities. So the trough 27
When the vehicle 8 comes into contact with solid matter such as an automobile muffler or a bicycle, the forward movement must be temporarily stopped. Since the air cylinder 306 has a strong cushioning effect, when the tip of the trough comes into contact with a solid matter, the movement of the air cylinder 306 is stopped and the cylinder 30
Do not destroy either 6 or trough 278. Further, the valve device of the cylinder 306 is a trough 278.
When it contacts such solids, it damps the pressure. This protects many of the components of trolley 273 or track 277 from destruction.

Replacing the trough 278 with the bucket 338 requires minimal effort. To support the bucket by itself, the trolley of the scooping mechanism 337 is mounted on the bracket 345.
And a flange 347. Also, switching between the two mechanisms is simply accomplished by replacing the cylinders 306, 344 and the trough 278 with a bucket 338. Further, bucket 338 requires lever arms 341, 346 and trough 278 does not use such lever arms. Thus, the ash removal system determines which type of scooping mechanism is used, depending on the type of waste input to the incineration system.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an incineration system device.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a reburn unit with two separate reburn tunnels, each tunnel having two separate reburn steps.

3 is a side view of the reburn unit of FIG. 2 and also shows another step of treating exhaust gas.

4 is a cross-sectional view of two reburn tunnels taken along line 4-4 of FIG.

5 is an enlarged view of a damper that closes one or both of the two reburn tunnels of FIGS. 1-4 and is shown in partial cross section.

FIG. 6 shows two reburn tunnel exit openings and a choke damper that partially closes each exit opening.

FIG. 7 shows a damper that closes the entrance opening to either of the two reburn tunnels or partially closes the exit opening.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a reburn tunnel having an exciter member therein for allowing air to flow through both the reburn tunnel wall and the exciter wall.

FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a reburn tunnel having therein an exciter member that allows air to enter the reburn tunnel through a nozzle formed in the exciter member only.

10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of the reburn tunnel shown in FIG.

11-15 are schematic cross-sectional views of a reburn tunnel with exciter members showing various ways of increasing the cross-sectional area of the reburn tunnel from the inlet opening to the outlet opening.

FIG. 16 is a partial isometric view of a main chamber of an incinerator system having a grate located near the entrance opening to the chamber but above the hearth of the chamber.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view as seen from the end of the incinerator of FIG.

FIG. 18 is a side view of a scooping mechanism for removing ash from the exit pit of an incineration system.

19 is a side view of the ash rake used in the mechanism of FIG.

20 is a plan view of the scoop of FIG. 19. FIG.

21 is an end view of the scoop orbit guide of FIG. 20 taken along line 21-21. FIG.

FIG. 22 is a side view of yet another ash removing mechanism.

23 is an enlarged view of the chute mechanism shown in FIG. 22,

24 is a side view of another ash removal scoop used in the mechanism shown in FIGS. 18, 22, and 23. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

30 incineration system 31 loader 32 main chamber 33, 34 hearth 35 pit 36 removal mechanism 37 truck 38 doors 41, 42, 123, 153 reburn tunnel 43 heat removal stage 51, 52 first reburn stage 53, 54 second reburn stage 55 , 56 burners 57, 58, 59, 60, 129, 162 blowers 63, 64 ... Outlets 67, 68 Outlet openings 69, 70 Dampers 71, 72 Damper extensions 75, 76, 93 Lever arms 77, 78 Rods 79, 80 , 94 Piston 81, 82 Bracket 91, 92 Choke damper 97, 98 Pulley 99, 100 Counterweight 96 Cable 104, 118 Flexible tube 108 Opening 110 Chamber 112 Partition wall 124, 125 Support 126 Outer skin 127, 161 Air pressure chamber 130, 135 , 157 nozzles 131, 184, 196 Inside of the fuel tunnel 132, 139, 155, 192, 193 Fireproof member 133 Supports 134, 158, 182, 183, 194, 195 Exciting member 204, 205, 212, 213 Exciting member 142 Inner wall 143 Fireproof cover 159, 160 support 180, 190, 191, 200, 201 outer wall 197 joint 234 grate 236, 237 vertical tube 238 horizontal tube 244 ash pit 246, 247 ridges 248, 249 jet nozzle 253, 254 thin film side wall 271 water 272 ash 273 trolley 284 cable 277 track 278 trough 315, 316 hole 325 track mechanism 344 hydraulic cylinder

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor John N. Basic Senior United States, Illinois, St. Charles, Whitney Road 41 W 202 (56) Reference JP-A-50-25067 (JP, A) JP Heihei 4-278112 (JP, A) JP-A-61-246514 (JP, A) US Patent 4438705 (US, A) US Patent 4475469 (US, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) ) F23G 7/06 ZAB F23G 5/16 ZAB

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A for improving the environmental characteristics of the gas fluid containing combustible hydrocarbons emanating from the source of the output low
A fumes combustion system comprising a reburn unit comprising at least one reburn tunnel , wherein the reburn unit comprises: (1) an inlet opening of the reburn tunnel connected to the output and in fluid communication therewith; ) An outlet opening of the reburn tunnel for discharging gaseous combustion products from the reburn tunnel , (3) burner means connected to the reburn tunnel and burning fuel therein, (4) in the reburn tunnel is composed of a supplemental oxygen means for introducing connecting vital oxygen-containing gas into the further, (a) vital connected to the outlet opening of the relapse tunnel, is one of placing a closure on the outlet opening while the A choke damper that operates between at least two configurations in which a closure is removed from the outlet opening; and (b) the reburn ton attached to the choke damper.
Fume burning system means, characterized in that it consists of capital for operating the choke dampers between the two forms, depending on the temperature sensor in the channel. 2. The source is a main combustion chamber, the main combustion chamber comprising: (a) an inlet opening for receiving solid debris; and (b) the reburning for discharging gaseous combustion products. 2. A fumes combustion system according to claim 1 having an outlet opening forming said output in fluid communication with said inlet opening of the tunnel.