NZ314563A - Removing ashes from pit beneath furnace, scoop moves on track between pit and raised discharge position - Google Patents

Description

New Zealand No. 314563 International No. PCT/ TO BE ENTERED AFTER ACCEPTANCE AND PUBLICATION Priority dates: 12.10.1990 Complete Specification Filed: 12.10.1990 Classification:^) B01D21/04; F23J3/00 Publication date: 25 November 1998 Journal No.: 1434 NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Title of Invention: Incinerator improvements Name, address and nationality of applicant(s) as in international application form: JOHN NICHOLAS BASIC, SR, a United States citizen of 21W161 Hill Avenue, Glen Ellyn, Illinois 60137, United States of America 314 5 63 Under the provisions of Regulation 23 (1) the Specification has been ante-dated imiiiitiinnimMiMwwiwwrt to Initials NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT, 1953 No: Date: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION INCINERATOR IMPROVEMENTS APff 1997 I, JOHN NICHOLAS BASIC, SR, a United States citizen, of 21W161 Hill Avenue, Glen Ellyn, Illinois 60137, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: 314 5 6 CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Some aspects of this invention have been claimed in the parent New Zealand Patent Specification No. 235675, and in New Zealand Patent Specification No. 270757 also divided from the parent New Zealand Patent Specification No. 235675. 31 4 5 6 3 BACKGROUND John N. Basic, Sr., in his 0. S. Patents 4,438,705 issued on March 27, 1984, and 4,516,510 issued on May 14, 1985, both entitled "Incinerator With Two Reburn Stages and. Optionally, Heat Recovery", provided an incinerator system and techniques that very significantly advanced the art of incinerating refuse. The disclosures provided equipment and methods for taking waste of vastly different descriptions, heat contents, and wetness and, within one type of equipment, incinerating them in an environmentally acceptable manner. These disclosures merit a careful understanding and are incorporated by reference.

Not only do Basic's two patents provide a complete incinerator system for burning refuse in bulk or hydrocarbon liquids, they . also provide equipment and techniques for incinerating hydrocarbon-containing fumes from sources which may produce them. Again, they accomplish this result without substantial deleterious effect upon the environment,, 31 4 5 6 3 Naturally, in a ByBtem as complex as that shown by Basic in his two patents, a consideration of the various components by a creative mind can suggest and lead to improvements and further developments that can improve the efficiency of the system. Thus, for example, Basic's 0. S. Patent 4,475,469, issued on October 9, 1984, discloses, in conjunction with the above two patents, an improved hearth floor which moves under the influence of impulses to urge the burning debris along from the inlet of the main chamber to the ash outlet. This pulsating hearth developed by Basic represents a significant improvement on the major advances disclosed in his two incinerator patents referenced above.

Austrian patent 317,401 to Bent Paurholdt, published on August 26, 1974, introduces air into a reburn tunnel through a pipe placed on the middle of that tunnel itself. However, Faurholdt suggests no use for his pipe other than introducing the air into the tunnel. Furthermore, introducing the air through perforations in the pipe results in a "T" configuration for the velocity components of the gases. This may even result in the air thus introduce resisting the flow of gaBes through the reburn tunnel.

Accordingly, the present invention provides additional improvements to an incinerator system that will increase its efficiency. At the Bame time, the Bystem will have the ability to reach operating temperatures prior to the introduction to refuse and with the expenditure of only minimal amounts of auxiliary fuel. Additionally, in general, the 31 4 5 6 3 developments provide greater ease in the utilization of an incinerator system.

SUMMARY Typically, a fume burning system improves the environmental quality of a gaseous fluid emanating from the output of some Bource. That source will contain combustible hydrocarbons. The fume burning system should include a reburn unit having an inlet opening coupled to and in fluid communication with th# output of the source of the fluid. The reburn unit also includes an outlet opening for the egress of the gaseous products of combustion from it. Additionally, it should have a burner, coupled to the unit, which burns the fuel inBide of the reburn unit. This has the purpose of maintaining the temperature at a level that insures the complete burning of the combustible hydrocarbons. To further permit the burning, the reburn unit includes oxygenating means coupled to it. This component introduces an oxygen-containing gas ijito the reburn unit to support combustion.

One improvement of this type of a fume burner involves splitting the reburn unit itself into first and second reburn sections. Basically, they each represent a twin of the other and either can accomplish the functions without the other operating at all.

To permit the use of two separate reburn sections, the inlet opening to the reburn unit includes first and Becond inlet ports coupled to and in fluid communication 31 4 5 6 3 with the output of the hydrocarbon source. The first and second inlet ports open into the first and second reburn sections respectively.

Similarly, the outlet opening includes first and second outlet ports. These represent the outlets for the first and second reburn sections, respectively.

Purther, the burner and the oxygenating means each includes, first and second sections. The first section for theBe two components couples to the first reburn section while the second section of these components couples to the second reburn section. in each of the two reburn sections, the burner section and the oxygenating means performs their functions of burning a fuel and introducing the oxygen-containing gas.

As an entirely separate improvement, the reburn unit whether or not composed of two sections, may include an excitor placed within, surrounded by, and coupled to the reburn unit. The excitor, as a minimal purpose, in effect reduces the cross-sectional area through which the oxygen-containing gas must travel to reach the combustible hydrocarbons. Furthermore, it provides a reflective surface which will permit the heat either entering or generated within the reburn unit to reach the gaseous molecules to further encourage complete combustion.

Within the reK,irn unit, the majority of the length of the excitor, in passing from the reburn's inlet to the reburn* s outlet, should remain out of contact with wall of 31 4 5 6 3 1 the reburn unit. The excitor has the purpose of reducing the cross-sectional area on planes transverse to the path passing from the inlet opening to the outlet opening of the reburn unit.

The excitor, in this configuration, inay serve to introduce the oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit. It does so with nozzles, in fluid communication:with the oxygenating mechanism and having an arrangement on the surface of the excitor. The nozzles introduce the air into the Bpace between the inner surface of the reburn unit and the excitor and does so at a nonperpendicular angle to the direction of the path from the inlet to the outlet of the excitor. By thus avoiding the "T" configuration, the air entering the reburn unit through the nozzles will aid the turbulence of the gas without retarding or blocking its progiess.

However, the excitor need not introduce the air or other oxygen-containing gas into the reburn unit to have an important and useful function. It may remain passively within the reburn unit to reflect the heat generated or introduced there. This will maintain the gases at an elevated temperature in which they will undergo their efficient and thorough combustion. To accomplish this, the surface of the excitor facing the interior of the reburn should have a composition of a heat and corrosion resistant material. This precludes its destruction at the temperatures and in the gaseous environments at which the reburn unit operates. 3 1 4 5 6 3 Stated alternately, the excitor should not absorb and pass the heat from the reburn unit into its interior. Rather, it should have a relatively low thermal conductivity to effectuate the reflection of the heat from its surface back into the gaseB undergoing combustion. As a convenient limit, the surface of the excitor facing the interior of the reburn should have a composition of a material with a thermal conductivity constant k less than about 60„Btu.__ln. where k 1b defined by k ■ ql hr. ft.2 °P AT where q is the heat conductivity in Btu/Hr. through a surface of thickness 1 in inches, area A in square feet, and temperature T in degree F.

Whether with or without twin reburn sections or an excitor, a fume burner, when having a low input of gaseous fluid, may operate more efficiently when it permits a lower throughput of gases. To accomplish this objective, the fume burner may include.a choking device coupled to its outlet opening to selectively reduce the cross-sectional area of this outlet opening. This will retain the gases within the ceburn unit for a sufficient period of time to accomplish full combustion even though it has a minimal input. This may also find use upon the initial commencement of operation of the unit after it has cooled down and before introducing refuse. The unit can then reach operating temperature where it avoids environmental pollution. Reversing the damping effect and permitting the return unit's outlet opening to revert to its full size then allows the system's normal 314 5 6 3 operation.

Rather than merely operating as fume burners, the components given above may form part of an integrated incinerator Bystem. In thiB instance, in addition to the reburn unit with whatever improvements of those given above it may incorporate, the incinerator system will also include a main combustion chamber having an inlet for the introduction of solid bulk refuse. An outlet opening from the main chamber permits the egress of the gaseous productB of combustion from there. The outlet opening from the main combustion chamber then couples to and displays fluid communication with the inlet opening of the reburn unit.

The method of burning fumes utilizing twin reburn tunnels involves passing the fumes from an output of a source directly into the inlet openings of first and second reburn sections. To maintain a desired temperature, the process will generally require burning a fuel in these two reburn sections. In order to promote the combustion of the gases, an oxygen-containing gas must be introduced into the reburn sections. Lastly, the gaseous combustion products within the reburn sections pass out through outlet openings.

To effectuate combustion with an excitor does not necessitate, of course, twin reburn sections. Rather, the fumeB emanating from the output of a source pass into the inlet opening of a reburn unit. While there, they pass around an excitor placed within, surrounded by, and coupled to the reburn unit. The majority of the length of the 314 5 6 3 excitor, passing from the reburn's inlet to its outlet, remains out of contact with the wall of the reburn unit.

To maintain the proper temperature, typically a fuel undergoes burning within the reburn unit. Then, as before, an oxygen-containing gas must enter the reburn unit to achieve combustion of the hydrocarbons. The oxygen-contain-ing gas enters the space between the inner surface of the reburn and the excitor at a nonperpendicular angle relative to the direction of the flow of the gas in that space. Finally, the gaseous combustion products pass out of the reburn unit.

As an alternate aspect, the burning of fumes proceeds in a reburn unit as generally indicated above. The combustion of fuel in that unit maintains the desired temperature. Introducing the oxygen-containing gas permits the combustion of the fumes as required. The area of the outlet opening through which the gaseous combustion products pass out of the reburn unit may be selectively reduced in order to maintain the temperature in the unit at the desired level with the addition of minimal or no auxiliary fuel.

The burning of refuse according to these developments delineated above requires, in addition to the procedures discussed above for fume burning, the placing of refuse through an inlet opening into a main incinerator chamber. There, the bulk refuse burnB to produce gaseous combustion products. These combustion products pass out of the main combustion chamber through an outlet opening and directly 31 4 5 5 3 into an inlet opening of the reburn unit.

An improved burning may result for particular types of refuse where the main incinerator chamber haB a grate device located above the floor of the main chamber in close proximity to the inlet opening. The grating device should hold the refuse for a limited period of time after its introduction through the inlet opening. Subsequently, the grate device allows the refuse to drop through, while continuing to burn, to the floor of the main chamber.

The use of an auxiliary grate of this fashion may prove propitious for various types of refuse including material having a large content of moisture or with a large amount of high Btu combustibles. In the former instance, the retention of the refuse for a brief period of time on the grate allows it to dry before it drops to the chamber floor. Otherwise, maintaining the fire in the desired condition might prove more difficult.

Kith the high Btu refuse, maintaining it on the grate allows a portion of it to volitalize.and begin to burn at relatively high temperatures. When the remainder drops through the grate, it has a lower temperature and thus would have leBS of a propensity to induce slagging on the chamber floor.

The method of burning refuse to obtain this advantage involves placing it through an inlet opening into an enclosed main chamber of an incinerator system and, specifically, onto a grate located within the main chamber. 314 5 6 3 A fire-resistant floor sits below the grate. The process continues with the partial burning of the refuse while on the grate.

While the refuse continues to burn, it is then placed, generally through dropping, onto the chamber's floor. Finally, the burning of the refuse continues while it sits on the floor.

Often, the burning of the refuse in the incinerator produces ashes dumped into a pit filled with water. The water, in fact, provides a seal between the environment on the inside of the incinerator and that of the room on the outside. These ashes must undergo removal from time to time to avoid filling the pit.

An improved device* for removing the ashes from the pit includes first an elongated track having its first end located in proximity to the pit. The Becond end lieB further away and at a higher level than the first end.

A scooping device moves along the track and displays first and. second configurations. . In. the first configuration, it holds onto the ashes while, in the second, it releases whatever ashes it may be holding.

An elevator moves the scoop device along the track until it reaches a first position near the first end in the pit. In this position, the scoop itself sits in the water in the pit.

The elevator can then move the scoop to a second position near the other end of the track. At this location, * Claimed in the present specification. 314 5 6 3 the scoop site entirely out of the water of the pit.

Lastly, a control device couples to the Bcoop. The controller moves the Bcoop, when at the first location inside the pit, from the second to the firBt of the configurations. This allows the scoop to actually grab onto ashes and other debris within the pit.

When at the second, or elevated, position, the controller causes the acoop to move from the first to the second configurations. As a result, the scoop releases the asheB it nay have held, typically, the ashes will then fall into a bin or truck.

The removal of the ashes or other debris from the pit commences by moving the scoop downward along the track until it reaches the first end located in proximity to the pit. The downward movement of the scoop then stQps.

The scoop then changes its configuration bo that it may retain the debris in the pit. while remaining in the configuration to retain the debris, the scoop moves upward along the track and out of the pit. While out of the pit, the scoop changes from the first to the second configuration in which it drops the ashes at an appropriate location.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION FIGURE 1 gives a perspective view of an incinerator system installation.

FIGURE 2 presents a top plan view of a reburn unit having two separate reburn tunnels with each tunnel having two eeperate reburn stages. 31 4 5 8 3 FIGURE 3 provides a side elevational view of the reburn unit shown in FIGURE 2 and also shows further stages for processing the exaust gases.

FIGURE 4 gives a cross-sectional view of the twin reburn tunnels of FIGURE 3 along the line 4-4.

FIGURE 5 provides a close-up view, partially in section, of the damper that can serve to close off either or even both of the twin reburn tunnels of Figures 1 to 4.

FIGURE 6 shows the outlet openings of the twin reburn tunnels and the choke dampers which can partially close each of the outlet openings.

FIGURE 7 illustrates a damper that can serve to close off the inlet opening to either the twin reburn tunnels or partially block the outlet openings.

FIGURE 8 gives a crosB-sectional view of a reburn tunnel having an excitor inside where air enters through both the reburn unit's wall and the excitor*s wall.

FIGURE 9 provides a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a reburn tunnel having an excitor inside in which air enters the reburn tunnel through nozzleB placed only on the excitor.

FIGURE 10 gives a cross-sectional view along the line 10-10 of the reburn tunnel shown in FIGURE 9.

FIGURES 11 to 15 provide diagramatic cross-sectional views of reburn tunnels with excitors Bhowing, in particular, different techniques for increasing the cross-sectional areas of the reburn tunnels in going from the inlet opening 314563 to the outlet opening.

FIGURE 16 gives an isometric view, partially in section, of an incinerator main chamber having a grate ir the vicinity of the inlet opening to the chamber but located above the chamber's floor.

FIGURE 17 displays an end view, in cross section, of the incinerator chamber of FIGURE 16.

FIGURE 18 provides a side elevational view of a scoop mechanism for removing ashes from the output pit of an incinerator system.

FIGURE 19 gives a side elevational view of on ash scoop used in the mechanism of FIGURE IB.

FIGURE 20 displays a top plan of the scoop of FIGURE 19.

FIGURE 21 gives an end elevational view along the line 21-21 of the track guide of the scoop of FIGURE 20.

FIGURE 22 illustrates a side elevational view of yet a further alternate ash removal mechanism.

FIGURE 23 provides an enlarged view of the chute mechanism shown in FIGURE 22.

FIGURE 24 gives a side elevational view of an alternate ash removal scoop for use in the mechanisms shown in Figures 18, 22, and 23.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIGURE 1 shows an incinerator system generally at 30. Bulk refuse or hydrocarbon-containing liquids enters the incinerator 30 through the loader 31 and enters the main 314563 chamber 32. During most of its stay in the incinerator 30, solid refuse remains upon the pulsating hearth floors 33 and 34. Upon the completion of combustion, the remaining ash falls into the pit 35 where the removal mechanism designated generally at 36 lifts it and placeB it in the truck 37. The door 3 8 permits access to the interior of the main chamber 32 for the usual maintenance.

The gases produced by the combustion within the main chamber pass through the dual reburn tunnels 41 and 42 and through the further treating, recirculation, and heat removal stages 43. They eventually leave through the stack 44. Beat recovered from the incinerator system 30 may pass into the pipe 45.

In FIGURES 2 and 3,. the reburn tunnels 41 and 42 include the respective first reburn stages 51 and 52 and respective Becond reburn Btages 53 and 54. The burners 55 and 56 at the beginning of the first Btages 51 and 52 maintain the temperatures in the tunnelB 41 and 42 at the desired levels for proper operation. .They also bring the reburn temperatures up to the proper levels at the each commencement of operation. In fact, environmental regulations often require that the incinerator achieve its operating temperatures prior to the introduction of the first amount of refuse whatsoever after a shut-down. The burners 55 and 56 assist in this task.

The blowers 57 and 58 provide air to the first stages 51 and 52 for combustion and the blowers 59 and 60 perform 314 5 the same function for the second stages 53 and 54. The gases from the second stages 53 and 54 pass through the outlets 63 and 64.

As observed, the second reburn stages 53 and 54 have greater cross-sectional areas than the first reburn stages 51 and 52 of the tunnels 41 and 42, respectively. This allowB the Becond reburn stages 53 and 54 to accommodate the greater volumes of gaBes resulting from the introduction of air and from the combustion of volitalized hydrocarbons within the tunnels 41 and 42. This represents one method of. increasing the volume of the reburn tunnels from their inlets to the outlets. Other techniques accomplishing the same objective receive discussion below with reference to Figures 11 to 15.

After leaving the second stages 53 and 54, the gases then pass to the subsequent treating section 43 and mentioned above.

As seen in Figures 4 and 5, the gases from the maiin chamber 32 paBB through the outlet openings 67 and 68 which alBO form the inlet openings to the reburn units 41 and 42, respectively. The dampers 69 and 70, when in the positions shown in FIGURES 3 to 5, cover the opening 67 and 68, respectively, and close them off. In operation, of course, at least one of the dampers 69 and 70 will remain open. When the main chamber 32 has sufficient combustible material inside, both will open and allow the gases to pass through to the reburn tunnels 41 and 42. 31 4 5 6 3 To accomplish their motion, the damperB 69 and 70 include the axial extensions 71 and 72. The lever arms 75 and 76 then connect ridgedly to the extensions 71 and 72. The rods 77 and 78 connect the lever arms 75 and 76 to the pistons 79 and 80 which attach ridgedly at their other ends to the brackets 81 and 82. The extension of the pistons 79 and 80 in Figures 3 to 5, especially the last, will induce the rotation of the lever arm 76 and itB counterpart not shown about the center of the axis 72 to result in the opening of the dampers 69 and 70.

The counterweights 83 and 84 rotationally coupled to the other ends of the lever arms 75 and 76. They counterbalance the weight of the dampers 69 and 70 and facilitate their controlled motion.

A significant part of the weight of the dampers 69 and 70 results from their having a covering of the refractory 86 as shown in FIGURE 5. This, of course, provides protection against the high temperatures and corrosiveness of the gases passing aro-und them.

To help further protect the damper 69 and 70, they include air channels as discussed below with reference to FIGURE 7. The passage of air through the dampers 69 and 70 keeps them at a low enough temperature to prevent their destruction.

Similarly, the dampers 91 and 92 cover the outlet opening 63 and 64 of the reburn tunnels 41 and 42, respectively. As shown in FIGURE 6, however, the dampers 91 31 4 5 6 3 and 92, even when in the closed position as shown there, only cover up to about a maximum of about 60 percent of the outlet opening 63 and 64. When closed, they retain the gases within the reburn tunnels 41 and 42 for a longer time to assure their complete combustion. typically such retention becomes desirable when the tunnels 41 and 42, and often, the main chamber 32, operate upon substantially leBs than the maximum amount of refuse or combustion gases than the syBtem can handle.

The dampers 91 and 92 operate independently of each other depending upon the conditions in the respective reburn tunnelB 41 and 42. They may, for example, submit to the control of temperature sensors placed within their respective tunnels. A lowering temperature may indicate the need to close the appropriate damper to retain the heat within the respective tunnel. Alternately, when the incinerator system produces steam, the damper control may measure the Bteam pressure produced by the system. A declining steam pressure may indicate a smaller quantity of heat within the system. This would provide an indication that either or both of the dampers 91 and 92 should clOBe at least to some extent.

The dampers 91 and 92 in FIGURE 6 not only have the totally open or totally closed positions. They may also occupy intermediary locations to effectively block the outputs 63 and 64 by an amount less than the maximum closure that the dampers can achieve. 314563 The movement of the damper 91 appears in FIGURE 6 under the action of the lever arm 93 connected to the piston 94 which effectuates the desired movement between opening and closing. The cable 95 attaches to the damper 91, passeB over the pully 97 and connects to the weight 99 to counterbalance the weight of the damper 91. Only the cable 96, the pully 98, and the weight 100 appear in FIGURE 6 for the tunnel 42.

The choke dampers 91 and 92 serve to retain the gas within the reburn tunnels 41 and 42 for a greater period of time. In other words, it slows down the passage of the gas through these chambers. To achieve the deBired combustion, the gas speed should typically not exceed about 55 feet per second. To assure proper combustion, the gas should move no faster than about 46 feet per second.

The dampers 91 and 92, as shown, take the form of rectangular blocks that pivot to open and close. Alternately, as square blocks, they may slide sideways into the position where they partially close the outlet openings 63 and 64. They reopen them by sliding sidewayBin the opposite direction. In fact, they may even Blide through an opening in the exterior wall of the incinerator system for this purpose.

As a further alternate, the choke dampers at the ends of the reburn tunnels 41 and 42 may take the form of butterfly valves. This would give them either a round or rectangular configuration located within the outlets of the reburn 3 1 4 5 units. They would then pivot about their centers to partially close or open the reburn*e outlets. In the latter configuration, they would remain within the opening but present their edges of minimal area to avoid substantial interference with the passage of the gaBes. •w.

FIGURE 7 shows a typical damper, for example, the closure 70 to the outlet opening 68 to the second reburn tunnel 42 seen in FIGURE 5. In FIGURE 1, a supply of air passes through the damper 70 to keep its temperature from rising to a point where it could suffer serious damage from the heated environment from which it operates. As seen from FIGURE 5, the ends of the axial extensions 72 sit on the outside of the tunnel 42.

The extensions 72 have hollow interiors which permits the passage of gas through them. To provide the cool gas, the flexible tube 104 connects to the nearer axial extension 74 to provide a source of cool gas. The cool gas travels through the interior of extension 72 into the axis 106 and out the opening 108 into the chamber 110. It then follows a path created by the dividers 112 and indicated by the arrows 114. Eventually it reaches the opening 116 in the axis 106 where it passes out through the other axial extension 72 and in it to the flexible tube 118.

FIGURE 18 shows a reburn tunnel generally at 123 which may serve as either of the sections 51 or 53 of the reburn tunnel 41 or the sections 52 and 54 of the reburn tunnel 42. The tunnel 123 sits generally on the supports 31 4 5 6 3 124 and 125. The outer skin 126 surrounds the tunnel 123 and forms the plenum 127 in conjunction with the wall 128. The blower 129 placeB air in the plenum 127 under pressure. From there, the air may pass through the nozzles 130 which take it into the interior 131 of the reburn tunnel 123. The refractory 132 covers the interior wall 128 and the nozzles 13 0 to protect them from the heat and the corrosive environment of the interior 131 of the tunnel 123. Additionally, the air within the plenum 127 may pass through the support 133 and into the excitor 134 located in the tunnel's interior 131. From there it passes through the nozzles 135 and into the interior 131 where it helps support combustion.

The support 133 itself includes the inner wall 138 generally having a metalic composition. The refractory 13 9 surrounds the wall 138 to protect it from the tunnel's environment. Conveniently, the support 133 may have a rectangular cross section on planes parallel to the surface on which the tunnel 6its. This will provide it with maximum cros8-sectional area for the amount of the interference in the gas flow in the tunnel that it creates.

Similarly, the excitor 134 protects its inner metal wall 142 from corrosion and heat damage with the refractory covering 143. The nozzles 135 pass through the refractory 143.

As seen in FIGURE 8, air leaving the nozzles 135 does so with a tangential component of velocity. In other words, the nozzles 135 make an angle with the radii from the center 31 4 5 6 3 of the excitor 134. Forty five degrees represents a desirable angle.

The gas emanating from the nozzles 135 with the tangential component of velocity follows the path generally shown by the arrows 144. This tangential movement of the air causes it to efficiently and effectively mix with the combustible gases contained in the tunnel's interior 131. Further, the nozzles 135 as well as the outer nozzles 130, will generally introduce the air with an axial component of velocity. In other words, the nozzles point downstream. The velocity of the gases leaving the nozzles may in fact make a 45 degree relative to the axial, or downstream, direction.

Additionally, the nozzles 135 may appear on the excitor 134 in rows in passing from the inlet to the outlet. To further assist the creation of the desired turbulence within the interior 131, the nozzles may have a staggered configuration from row to row to provide a more even air supply and turbulence.

The construction shown in FIGURE 8 may undergo modifications for different purposes. Thus, plugging the nozzles 130 will result in all of the air from the plenum 127 passing around the wall 128, through the support 133, into the excitor 134, and out of the nozzles 135 into the tunnel's interior 131. This appears to have a beneficial effect in creating the turbulence necessary for combustion.

Additionally, placing a barrier at the location 145 31 4 5 6 3 between the outer wall 126 and the plenum wall 128 will cause the air from the blower 129 to pass around BUbBtantially all of the plenum 127 before it reaches the inlet 146 to the support 133. This will have the effect of cooling the wall 128 with the air prior to its introduction into the interior 131. Furthermore, warming the air helps maintain the temperature inside the tunnel 123 at the necessary levels for combustion.

Alternately, the excitor 13 4 may have no nozzles on it whatsoever. In this eventuality, all the air entering the tunnel's interior 131 will pasB through the nozzles 130 on the reburn unit 123 itself. Nonetheless, the excitor must Btill have some air passing through it from one support to the other. This provides a cooling effect to prevent the heat within the reburn tunnel 123 fr m destroying the excitor 134.

With or without nozzles, the excitor 134 serves additional purposes. The heat created within the interior 131 of the tunnel 123 itBelf helps to support the combustion of the gases inside. The heat near the middle of the interior 131 will pass into the refractory surface 143 of the excitor 134. From there it will radiate back into the interior 131 where it will help excite combustion.

To provide the reradiation of heat absorbed, the wall of the excitor 134 should permit very little of the heat to pass through. Thus, it should have a low thermal conductivity constant k, generally less than about 60. Preferably, 314563 the conductivity constant k, as defined above, will not exceed about 24.

Furthermore, the air entering the interior 131 must create turbulence in order to accomplish combustion. The excitor 13 4 reduces the maximum dimension of the space in the interior of the tunnel 123. Thus, air entering the interior 131 has a much Bhorter distance to travel to reach the combustible gasses. Thus it can more effectively create the required turbulence for combustion because of the presence of the excitor 134.

Desirably, the space between the outer surface of the refractory 143 of the excitor 134 and the inner surface of the refractory 132 covering the outer wall 128 should remain constant all around the excitor 134. This permits the most efficient mixing and turbulence of the oxygen introduced into the tunnel's interior 131. In the case of a circular reburn tunnel as shown in FIGURE 8, this would result in the interior 131 assuming an annular configuration.

In the case of an incinerator, system with a single reburn tunnel, a single excitor would obviously suffice. For a system having twin reburn tunnels as shown in FIGURES 1 to 6, either or both of the tunnels may include an excitor. The latter, of course, represents the most desired configuration.

FIGURE 9 shows generally a portion of a reburn tunnel 153 which may, in fact, represent part of either of the reburn tunnels 41 or 42. The outer wall 154 includes the ^ 1 4 5 6 3 refractory covering 155 but no nozzles passing through it. Rather, all of the air ente.? ng the interior 156 of the tunnel 153 passes through the nozzles 157 on the excitor 158. That air, as before, enters the excitor 158 through its supports 159 and 16 0 and, eventually from the plenum 161. As seen in FIGURE 10, the blower 162 provides the air under pressure which eventually passes through the nozzles 157 into the interior 156.

As before, the nozzles 157 introduce the air with an axial component of velocity. Stated in other words, the air is introduced at least partially in the direction from the inlet of the reburn section 153 to the outlet, or in the direction from the first support 159 towards the second support 160. As in FIGURE 9, that angle generally amounts to about 45 degrees.

Furthermore, as shown in both FIGURES 9 and 10, the nozzles impart a tangential as well as a radial component of velocity to the air passing through them. Again, the noz-zles will introduce the air at an angle of about 45 degrees relative to the radial direction. Thus, half of the non-axial velocity of the gases will move them outward and the other half moves them around the interior 156. The result appears in FIGURE 10 where the arrows 166 show the general vorticity to the direction of movement of the air.

The plenum 161 does not extend the entire circumference of the reburn tunnel 153. Rathei, it only goes from thr blower 162 to the support 159. The outer wall 167, 31 4 5 6 3 along with the wall 154 attached to the refractory 155, creates the plenum 161. FIGURE 11 gives a diagram of a section of a reburn tunnel having the outer wall 180, the refractory 181 and the two excitor sections 182 and 183. The arrow indicates the direction of the gas movement as in FIGURES 12 to 15. The excitors 182 and 183 have the Bame, constant cross-sectional area. However, the cross-Bectional area of the interior 184 increases in the direction of the gas movement because the refractory wall 181 slopes outward. This permits the reburn section to accommodate the increasing amounts of air introduced either through the wall 181 or the excitors 182 and 183. Tn FIGURE 11, the cross-sectional area of the interior 184 increases gradually because of the gradual slope of the refractory wall.

In FIGURE 12 appears another reburn Bection. It too has the outer wall 190 and 191r the refractory 192 and 193, and the excitor sections 194 and 195. As shown there, the interior 196 experiences a sharp, discontinuous increase at the juncture 197. This may, for example, represent the juncture between two separate reburn stages as shown in FIGURES 2 and 3 and discussed above.

FIGURE 13 again shows a reburn section having the outer vail 200 and 201, refractory sections 202 and 203 and excitor sections 204 and 205. There, the interior volume 206 increases gradually at the juncture 207 between the two sections. However, the sloping wall at the juncture 207 results in less adding another undesired turbulence than the 314 5 6 3 very sharp discontinuity 197 shown in FIGURE 12.

Another reburn section appears in FIGURE 14 and includes the outer wall 210, the refractory 211, and the excitor sections 212 and 213. The smaller cross-sectional area of the excitor 213 as compared to the excitor 214 results in an increase in the cross-sectional area 214 of the interior as the gas travels from the excitor 212 to the excitor 213.

Finally, FIGURE 15 shows the reburn section with the walls 220 and 221 and the excitor sections 222 and 223. The conic shape of the excitor sections 222 and 223 results in a gradual increase of the volume of the gas as it passes across them in the interior 224.

The initial combustion of the refuse, of course, takes place in the main chamber 32 as seen in Figures 16 and 17. The screw feeders 230 may assist in the introduction of particulate refuse such as rice hulls. More typically, bulk refuse enters through the opening 231 in the forewall 232. In any event, the bulk refuse entering the incinerator 32 sits upon the grate generally at 234. It will rest there briefly to permit combustion to commence.

If the refuse has a high moisture content, it may undergo drying while it rests upon the grate 234 to permit its more facile subsequent burning. If, upon enterring, it immediately sat upon the hearth 33, it would experience greater difficulty in drying in order to undergo subsequent combustion. 31 4 5 6 3 Alternately, a very high Btu content material such as plastics may burn at very high temperatures. If this occurred on the floor 33, the uneven heating could cause slagging of the floor itself.

Thus, the refuse site upon the grate 23 4, for a limited period of time. However, the majority of the fixed hydrocarbons within the material should remain unburned when the refuse slips through or off the grate 23 4 and onto the floor 33. The volatile hydrocarbon content may well have, by this time, already entered the gas stream.

As shown in Pigures 16 and 17, the grate 234, to permit the refuse to fall to the floor 33, will include the holes 235 passing through it. The size of the openings of the holes 235 generally lieB in the range of 12 to 18 inches This permits most types of refuse to fall through to the floor prior to the burning of the majority of the fixed hydrocarbons.

The grate 234, of course, exists in the heated and corrosive environment of the main chamber 32. Thus, it should generally have some mechanism for cooling it to prevent itB destruction by heat or corrosion. To effectuate this result, the grate 234 includes the hollow longitudinal pipes 236 and 237 and the cross pipes 23 8. The pipe 236 has the couplings 239 and 240 while the pipe 237 includes the couplings 241 and 242. This permits the passage through it of a fluid which will effectuate the cooling of the grate 234. The fluid thus introduced may take the form of • air, 31 4 5 6 3 water, steam, or oil.

Additionally, the pipes 236 to 238 of the grate 234 will have a refractory coating to provide further heat protection. Lastly, a wear surface composed typically of face hardened refractory will help protect the grate 234 from abrasion due to the refuse placed upon it. i The floor 33 may assume a number of forms. A particular and advanced type of pulsed hearth floor appears in Basic's D. S. Patent 4,475,469 mentioned above. Other types of floors may work also, displaying various degrees of desirability.

Thus, for example, the floor 33 may simply be form of a stationary hearth. Some form of a ram or other pusher Would then typically move the refuse along until it burned into ashes which would then fall into an appropriate collector. Often, however, the floor will experience some form of movement to assist the burning refuse in traveling from the inlet to the outlet of the main chamber 32.

The floor 33 may often constitute a hearth, whether moving or stationary. Experience indicates that the former represents the preferred technique. The pulsating hearth, whether in the configuration shown in Basic's patent or otherwise has proved most efficient. In Basic's patent, the hearth experiences arcuate movement, in pulses, in the direction from the inlet 231 toward the outlet. It moves more rapidly in the former direction than the latter in order to toss the refuse along almost in a snow-shovel type 31 4 5 6 3 i movement.

The hearth floor 33 shown in FIGURE 16 has a shape that has proved beneficial in the burning of many types of refuse. Here, the floor inclines from the inlet 232 to the outlet ash pit 244. This slight lean built into the upper floor 33 and the lower floor 34 assists the refuse in moving in response to any motion experienced by the floors.

Additionally, the floors 33 and 34 include the ridges 246 and 247, respectively, on their upper surfaces. This helps channel and shuffle the refuse sitting there to aid in its combustion. The jets 248 on the upper floor 33 and 249 on the lower floor 34 provide under-fire air to asBiBt combustion to the burning refuse.

As shown in FIGURE 17, the nozzles 249, as do the nozzleB 248 of the upper floor 33, the lower floor 34, incline downwards as they introduce the air into the main chamber 32. This downward angle on the nozzles 249 and 248 helps prevent the entrance of particles of refuse into them which could result in their clogging.

The amount of air introduced through the nozzles 248 and 249 may vary depending upon the conditions within the Incinerator system in general in the main chamber 32 in particular. Thus, as discussed above, the system may contain insufficient refuse to operate at or near capacity. Introducing in this case lesB air through these jets, may assist the entire incinerator system to reach or remain at its proper operating temperature. 31 4 5 6 3 Instead of the hearth floors 33 and 34, the main chamber 32 could include a grate floor underneath the grate 234. The refuse would fall from the upper grate to the lower grate and then undergo its full combustion. This lower grate may then either remain stationary or experience some type of movement to transfer the burning refuse in the direction of the ash pit 244.

This may work in conjunction with utilization of the choke dampers 91 and 92. One method of accomplishing the reduction of the air in the main chamber would simply involve turning off the air introduced in the cecond pulsating hearth floor 34.

The main chamber 32 includes the membrane sidewalls 253 and 254 which appear diagramatically in FIGURES 16 AND 17. In these walls, the water passes through the lower inlet pipes 255 and 256. From there it passes through the tubules 257 and 258 of the membrane walls 253 and 254 to the header pipe 259. From there it may travel elsewhere to provide useful energy in the form of steam for electricity, heating, or other purposes.

As discussed above, the main chamber may not have sufficient refuse to support the heat throughout the incinerator system. In this eventuality, the amount of heat taken out through the header 259 may suffer a reduction in order to leave sufficient heat within the main chamber and reburn tunnels to maintain the temperatures required for clean and efficient burning. 31 4 5 6 3 The ash pit 244 of the main chamber 32 includes the screw feeders 263 and 264. These remove ashes from the pit 244. However, as with other ash removal systems such as the chain drag system, the moving components of the screw feeders 263 and 264 sit under the water and in the ash pit where any repair proves difficult. A significantly improved type of ash removal system appears in FIGURES 18 to 25.

The ash pit 35 appears at the bottom of FIGURE 18. typically, it will contain water 271 and the ashes 272 at the bottom. The water 271, of course, provides a seal between the interior of the main combustion chamber and the room atmosphere.

Naturally, from time to time the ashes 272 must undergo removal from the pit 35. To accomplish this objective, the scoop mechanism shown generally at 273 descends along the track 277 until the scoop 278, in the configuration shown in solid lines in FIGURE 18, enters the water 271 and digs into the ash heap 272. It then reverts to its carrying configuration shown in dashed lines in FIGURE 18 while remaining at the bottom of the pit 272. This allows the scoop 278 to capture a portion of the ashes 272.

The scoop mechanism 273 then rises along the track 277. Desirably, it will stop shortly after lifting the scoop 278 itself out of the water 271. The water entrained with the ashes 272 will then have an opportunity to drain through the openings 281 in the bottom of the scoop 27 8. The back of the track 277 forms a trough 278 which will ? 1 4 5 6 3 guide the dripping water back into the pit 35.

When the mechanism 273 has returned to its elevated position as shown in FIGURE 18, the scoop 278 moves from its holding configuration shown in dashed lines to its release configuration shown in solid lines. The ashes then fall from the scoop 278 through the opening 282 in the trough 278 and into the truck 37 or other container. The side guards 283 keep the ashes from splattering outside of the truck 37.

The scoop mechanism 273 moves upward and downward under the influence of the cable 284. At one end, the cable 284 attaches to a typical winch which winds up and releases the cable 284 depending upon the winch's controls. In turn, the cable 284 passes over the pully 285 and attaches to the scoop mechanism 273. When the winch unwinds the cable 284, the latter passes over the pulley 285 and allows the scoop mechanism 273 to descend into the pit 35. When the winch winds up the cable 284, it pulls on the scoop mechanism 273 dragging it out of the water and up the track 277.

The 8coop mechanism, br trolley, 273 appears in greater detail in FIGURES 19 and 20. The trolley 273 first consists of the rigid frame formed by the runner bars 288 and 289, and the front crossbar 290 and the rear crossbar 291 rigidly adhered to the runner bars 288 and 289. The front wheels 292 and 293 and the rear wheels 294 and 295 ride inside of the track 277 as shown in FIGURE 21. Further, the horizontal guide wheels 296 and 297 press against the tracks 277 from the outside of the rear wheels w 31 4 5 6 3 294 and 295f respectively. This assures proper alignment of the trolley 273 on the track 277.

The arrangement of the guide wheels 296 and 297 has a further advantage in considering the use of the trolley 273 in removing ashes from the pit 35. Specifically, the rear wheels 294 and 295 riding inside of th« traok 277 and the guide wheels 296 and 297 pressing against the side of the track members 277 largely orient the scoop mechanism 273 on the track 277. When the cable 284 allows the scoop 278 to descend into the pit 35, only the front end of the trolley 273 actually enters the water 271. The rear of the trolley 273, including the wheels 294 to 297, remain at all times outside of the water 271.

Thus, the wheels which must make intimate and proper contact with the track 277 to primarily orient the trolley 273 remain out of the water which could cause it to corrode or become impeded by debris within the water.

Keeping the rear of the trolley 273 out of the water has further advantages with regards to controlling the configuration of the scoop 278. The Bcoop 278 includes the ridgedly attached flange 301 to which the rod 302 pivotally connects at the juncture 303. The other end of the rod 302 connects to a piston contained within the cylinder 306. The piston 306 in turn pivotally connects to the flanges 307 and 308 on the rear croBsbar 291.

When the pressure within the cylinder 306 forces its piston to move outward, it extends the bar 302 to the right 31 4 5 6 3 in FIGURES 19 and 20. This in turn causes the flange 3 01 to move downward. As a consequence, the Bcoop 278 moveB around itB rotating couplings 309 and 310 to the side bars 288 and 289. ThiB causes the scoop 278 to move from the position shown in solid in FIGURES 18 and 19 to that shown by the dashed lineB.

Conversely, when the pressure within the cylinder retracts the piston, the bar 302 moves to the left of FIGURES 19 and 20 and pulls the connection 303 with the flange 301 in that same direction. This in turn causes the flange 301 and the scoop 278 to rotate in the clockwise direction from the position shown in phantom FIGURE 19 to that shown in solid lines. This moves the scoop from the releasing configuration to the holding configuration where it will retain ashes. This motion takes place, of course, with the scoop 278 in the pit 35 so that it may grab onto a portion of the ashes 272.

During the latter, or grabbing, type of motion, the scoop 278 may contact a solid object in the pit 35. This happens since the incir.erator system 30 accepts bulk refuse without presorting. A common item that may find its way into the pit 35 is a muffler or other solid discard. Desirably, the cylinder 306 should not attempt to force the movement of the scoop 278 any further. Thus, in this intermediate configuration, the scoop 278 will remain in contact with the solid object.

As the trolley 273 then moves up the track 277, it 31 4 5 6 3 will drag the solid object with it. At its top position, the scoop 278 will again move to its release position and drop the muffler or other solid item into the truck 37# The use of pneumatic controls for the cylinder 306 will provide it with this cushioning or flexibility to allow it to remove Buch solid objectB without damage to itself or the track 277.

As further assistance, the controls may actually reduce the pressure within the cylinder 306 once the scoop 278 contacts the solid object within the pit 35. This provides additional assurance that the solid object will not damage any component of the ash removal system.

The fluid for controlling the cylinder 306 passes through the hoses 315 and 316 which in turn wrap around the reel 317. As the trolley 273 moves up and down the track 277r the reel 317 releases and recaptures the midportions 319 and 320 of the hoses to keep them out of the way of the trolley 273.

Again, with the trolley 273 in its lowest position where the scoop 278 enters the pit 35, the cylinder 306 and the reel 317 remain out of the water. They thus avoid the deleterious effects of the water, the ashesr and the chemicals contained in both of them. Furthermore, the winch operating the cable 284, as appears from FIGURE 18, will always remain out of the water.

FIGURE 22 shows the track mechanism generally at 325, but with a slightly different chute mechanism for delivering 31 4 5 63 \ the ashes into the truck 37. The track 277 and the trolley 273 remain virtually the same as.before.

However, the track 325 includes the rotating chute guide 326 which assumes the configuration shown in FIGURE 22 with the trolley 273 near the top of the track. Then the Bcoop 278 moves from its retaining to its releasing configuration. When this occurs and the ashes drop from the Bcoop, the chute guide 326 directd the aBhes to the truck 37. After the aBhes have entered the truck 37, the ci>ute guide 326 rotates in the counterclockwise direction shown in figure 22 so that its shovel 327 forms a portion of the trough 328.

The mechanism for controlling the rotating chute guide 326 appears more clearly in FIGURE 23 which shows the opposite side of the track 325 from that seen in FIGURE 22. As seen there, the operation of the rotating track portion 327 of the chute 326 results from the influence of the cylinder 330. When the cylinder 330 forces out its piston, the latter connects to the lever arm 331 rigidly attached to the rotating track portion 327. In that instance, the lever arm 331 will take the position shown in phantom and the track portion 327 will connect with the remaining of the chute 328.

When the piston 330 contracts, it pulls the lever arm 331 to the right to the position shown in FIGURE 23 resulting in the track portion 327 rotating clockwise. This causes the debris from the scoop 278 to fall through to the 31 4 5 6 3 truck 37.

An alternate type of scoop mechanism appearing generally at 337 in FIGURE 24. It utilizes the same trolly as in FIGURES 19 and 20. Thus, it includes the same runner barB 288 and 289 with the crossbars 290 and 291. It moves along the track in the same manner as described previously utilizing the wheelb 292 to 297.

This trolley employs, instead of the scoop 278 shown in the prior figures, the bucket 338 which has the holes 339 for water to pass through. The bucket 33 8 has a rotational coupling at the juncture 292 and the flange 340 which controls its configuration. The flange 340 in turn connects to the lever arm 341 which attaches to the usual bar 302. In turn, the bar 302 connects to a piston within the hydraulic cylinder 344. The cylinder 339, in turn, has a pivotal coupling to the flange 340 which must be added to the trolley 273 aB of FIGURES 19 and 20.

To assure the proper movement of the bar 302 and the lever arm 341, the bar 302, at its juncture 303, also couples to the lever arm 346. The latter pivotally couples to the flange 347 attached by the braces 348 to the crossbar 290. The lever arm 346 thus assures the correct rotational * motion of the juncture 303 and, concomitantly, the scooping movement of the bucket 338.

In operation, the extension of the rod 302 by the cylinder 3 44 will cause the bucket 33 8 to rotate in the clockwise direction in FIGURE 24. In this configuration, it 31 4 5 6 3 will not hold debris. The trolley 333 then descends into the water with the bucket 338 travelling between the track 277 and the trough 328.

When the backet 33 8 reaches the bottom of the pit 35, the cylinder 344 retracts the bar 302. Under the influence of the lever arms 341 and 346, this causes the bucket 338 to rotate in the counterclockwise direction in FIGURE 24. In effect, this induces the bucket, when in the pit, to move forward to scoop up aBhes.

The trolley 337 then moves up the track 277. Then the cylinder extends the rod 302, and the bucket rotates in the clockwise direction of FIGURE 24 and dumps its contents.

The use of the bucket 33 8 would appear warranted in situations producing heavy ash or debris Buch as gravel undergoing decontamination in the incinerator system. The stronger, hydraulic cylinder 344 would give the bucket 338 additional force to dig out the contents of the pit 35.

In comparison, the back hoe scoop 278 shown in FIGURES 19 and 20 would appear more desirable for the usual municipal waste. There the scoop 278 may have to stop its motion in the forward direction when contacting a solid object l'like a muffler or a bicycle. The pneumatic cylinder 306 has a greater cushioning to permit the scoop 278 to Btop its motion when it makes the contact and yet not destroy either the cylinder 3 06 or the scoop 278. Furthermore, the valving for the cylinder 3 06 may reduce the pressure should the scoop 278 contact such a solid object. This 31 4 5 6 3 helps avoid destruction in many of the components of the trolley 273 or the track 277.

Switching between the scoop 27 8 and the bucket 33 8 requires only minimal effort. Naturally, to carry the latter, the trolley should include the brackets 345 and 347. Otherwise, switching between the two mechanisms simply involves exchanging the cylinders 306 and 344 and the scoop 278 with the bucket 33 8. Additionally, the bucket 338 requires the lever arms 341 and 346 while the scoop 278 does not use any such lever arm. Thus, the ash removal system may employ either type of scoop depending upon the refuse placed into the incinerator.

Claims (23)

3 1 4 5 6 3 WHAT I CLAIM IS:

1. A device for removing ashes from a pit containing water comprising: (A) an elongated track having first and second ends, with said first end being located in proximity to said pit and said second end being located further away and at a higher level than said first end; (B) scoop means adapted to move along said track and having first and second configurations for, when in said first configuration, holding ashes, and, when in said second configuration, releasing ashes held by said scoop means; (C) elevator means for moving said scoop means along said track between (1) a first position near said first end, said scoop means being in the water and near the bottom of said pit while in said first position, and (2) a second position - 42 - 31 4 5 6 3 neat Bald Becond end, said Bcoop means being out of the water in said pit while in said second position? and (D) control means, coupled to said scoop means, for moving said Bcoop means, when at said first position, from said Becond to said first i configuration and, when at said second position, from said first to said second configuration.

2. The device of Claim 1 wherein said scoop means includes holes paBsing through the bottom of said scoop means which, when said scoop means is in said first configuration are of a size to allow water but substantially none of said debris to pass through.

3. The device of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said control means, when said scoop means is in Baid first position, remains out of the water in said pit.

4. The device of Claim 3 wherein said elevator means is located at a height above Baid pit.

5. The device of Claim 3 wherein at least a portion of said track located near said pit haB the configuration of a trough and is water-tight.

6. The device of Claim 5 wherein said elevator means, when moving said Bcoop means from Baid first position towards said Becond position, stops prior to reaching said second position at a predetermined location for a period of - 43 - 314 5 time to allow water contained within Baid scoop means to drain out of Baid scoop means.

7. The device of Claim 5 where at least a portion of said track, having said configuration of a trough, has firBt and second orientations, said portion when in said firBt orientation forming a continuous trough with the remainder of said track, and, when in said second orientation, forming a chute diverting any material falling thereon to a location away from said track, said portion being located between said pit and said scoop means when in said second position, and further including changing means, coupled to said portion for moving said portion between said first and said second orientations.

8. The device of Claim 1 wherein said control means, when said scoop means, ' when moving into said firBt configurations, contacts, at a third configuration between said first and said second configurations, a substantially solid object, retains said scoop means in said third configuration.

9. The device of Claim 8 wherein said scoop means includes holes which, once said scoop means is in said first configuration, passes through the bottom of said scoop means and are of a size to allow water but substantially none of said debris to pass through.

10. The device of Claim 1 wherein said scoop means - 44 - 3145 % is a first scoop means and farther including a second scoop means adapted to move along said track and having third and fourth configurations for, when in said third configuration, holding ashes, and, when in said fourth configuration, releasing ashes held by.said scoop means, and said control means couples to Baid second scoop means for moving said second scoop means, when in sa.'.d first position, from said fourth to said third configuration and, when in said second position, from said third to said fourth configuration, and said elevating means couples to said second scoop means for moving said second scoop means along said track between said first position and said second position, said first and second scoop means being replaceable, one by the other.

11. The device of Claim 10 wherein said control means, when moving said first scoop means from said second configuration to said first configuration moves said first scoop means in the direction opposite to which said control means moves said second scoop means when moving it from said fourth to said third configuration.

12. The device of Claim 11 wherein said first and second scoop means each include holes which, once said scoop means is in said first configuration, passes through the bottom of said first and second scoop means and are of a size to allow water but substantially none of said debris to pass through. - 45 - 'Actual (/$£*» office] os ccr 1998 ■2£££/\/££) 31 4 5 6 3

13. A method of removing debris from a pit containing water comprising: (A) moving a scoop means downward along an elongated track having a first end located in proximity to said pit and a second end located further away and at a higher level than said first end. (B) stopping the downward movement of said scoop when said scoop is near the bottom of said pit; (C) moving Baid scoop, while in said pit, to a first configuration in which scoop will retain debris from a second configuration in which said scoop will retain substantially no debris; (D) while in said first configuration, moving Baid scoop upward along said track and out of said pit; and (E) while out of said pit, moving said scoop form - 46 - # 314 5 said first configuration to said second configuration.

14. The method of Claim 13 including allowing water to pass out of said scoop means through holes in the bottom of Baid scoop means.

15. The method of Claim 14 including stopping the downward moving of Baid scoop before all of said scoop means immerses in said water.

16. The method of Claim 15 further including retaining water passing out of said holes in the bottom of said scoop means on said track and passing said water on said track back to said pit.

17. The method of Claim 16 including stopping said scoop means while moving upward along said track prior to when Baid scoop means moves from said first configuration to said second configuration and allowing the water contained in said scoop means to drain out onto said track.

18. The method of any one of claims 13-17 including moving a portion of said track that forms a trough and 1b located at a position lower than the position on Baid track at which said scoop is moved from said first to said second configurations from a first orientation in which said portion will direct material passing from said scoop means towards said pit to, after said scoop means has moved above said portionr a second orientation in which said portion will direct ma- 47 - 314 5 terial departing from said scoop away from said track,

19. The method of Claim 18 further including stopping the moving of said scoop means at a third configuration while moving towards said first configuration from said second configuration when said scoop means makeB contact with a substantially solid object in said pit and retaining said Bcoop means in said third configuration while said scoop means moves upward along said track.

20. The method of Claim 13 or 14 wherein said scoop means is a first 8coop means and further including replacing said first scoop on Baid track with a second scoop means moving Baid second Bcoop means downward along said track/ stopping the downward movement of Baid second scoop means while said second scoop is near the bottom of said pit, moving said second scoop means while in said pit, to a third configuration in which said second scoop will retain debriB from a fourth configuration in which said scoop will retain substantially no debris, while in said,third configuration, moving said second scoop means upward along said track and out of Baid pit, and while out of said pit, moving said second scoop means from said third configuration to Baid fourth configuration.

21. The method of Claim 20 in which said second 8coop means while on said track and moving from said third configuration to Baid fourth configuration moves in an oppo- - 48 - 314563 site direction that said first scoop means while on said track, moves while moving from said first configuration to said second configuration.

22. A device for removing ashes from a pit containing water substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

23. A method as claimed in claim 13 and substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment disclosed. A. J. PARK & By the authorised agents A I DADU - - '