JPH0427028B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to high-strength, high-elasticity fibers such as carbon fibers, metal fibers, inorganic fibers, and organic fibers, thermosetting resins such as phenol, polyester, and epoxy resins, nylon, peak resin (PEEK), etc. The present invention relates to laminated tubes made of thermoplastic resin, and particularly to laminated tubes used in fishing rods and golf shafts. [Prior Art] Generally, laminated tubes used for fishing rods and golf shafts have a structure in which only glass cloth prepreg is wound around a core metal several times and hardened by a conventional method, or a structure in which a glass cloth prepreg is wound around a core metal and hardened by a conventional method, or a cloth core metal made of a mixed fabric of glass fiber and carbon fiber is used. There are configurations in which carbon fibers are wound multiple times and cured using a conventional method, and ultra-thin glass cloth is further wound around a core metal multiple times around a unidirectional carbon fiber sheet and cured, and glass cloth is placed in the inner layer. Then, a carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet with ultra-thin glass cloth attached to the outer layer is placed, and a carbon fiber cloth is placed on the inner layer, a carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet is placed on the outer layer, and wound around a core metal. , a laminated tube having a structure hardened by a conventional method was known. Furthermore, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 46-29565 discloses that a fishing rod is a laminated tube with a symmetrical structure consisting of three layers, with an inner tube and an outer tube made of glass fiber braid, and a glass fiber or glass fiber tape arranged in the middle. It is widely known as a laminated pipe. [Problems to be solved by the invention] Regarding these conventionally known laminated pipes,
Each has problems to be solved as described below. Laminated pipes with a structure in which only glass cloth prepreg is wound multiple times are woven using glass fibers for the warp and weft, and the woven fabric varies depending on the glass thread count (TEX) and weaving density (number of threads/mm). , the weight (W), thickness (mm), longitudinal elastic modulus (Ex), transverse elastic modulus (Ey), longitudinal strength (σx), and transverse strength (σy) of this glass cloth are determined, and the glass cloth is used alone. death,
The resulting laminated tube has a homogeneous structure, and the physical strength of the laminated tube is determined by determining the inner and outer diameters, so there is extremely little freedom in design to obtain a light and durable laminated tube. There was a problem.
In addition, in laminated pipes made of a mixed cloth of glass fibers and carbon fibers, glass fibers are added to the warp,
The physical strength of the laminated tube is determined by the carbon fiber mixing ratio, yarn count, weaving density, etc.Although there is more freedom in design compared to laminated tubes using only glass cloth, the problem is that it is still insufficient. The laminated tube, which is made by laminating an ultra-thin glass cloth to a unidirectionally aligned sheet of carbon fibers, has a dotted surface and a unidirectionally aligned sheet of carbon fibers, which has a structure with a laminate that has a fabric weight (weight/m ² ) and the physical properties of the carbon fibers themselves (tensile modulus, transverse modulus, tensile strength, Poisson's ratio,
The physical properties of these composite materials (thickness, weight, modulus of longitudinal elasticity, etc.) are determined by the warp and weft counts of the ultra-thin glass cloth, and the weaving density (number of threads/mm). As with the case of a single cloth structure or a structure of a mixed cloth of glass fiber and carbon fiber, if the outer diameter and inner diameter are determined and the range of selection such as the arrangement of laminated materials is limited, it is possible to choose a light, durable or laminated pipe. There was a problem that the degree of freedom in the design was reduced and it was not possible to obtain an excellent laminated tube. Furthermore, a laminated tube is known in which a glass cloth is arranged in the inner layer and a carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet with ultra-thin glass cloth is arranged in the outer layer, but it is light and has a glass cloth layer that has less physical strength than carbon fiber. There was a problem that a laminated tube with high strength could not be obtained. Furthermore, a laminated tube is known in which an appropriate number of layers of carbon fiber cloth are arranged in the inner layer and an appropriate number of layers of carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets are arranged in the outer layer, but carbon fiber cloth can be made of glass cloth, glass, carbon, etc. Similar to fiber blend cloth, it is woven using carbon fiber for the warp and weft, and the yarn count and weaving density (number/mm)
The physical properties of carbon fiber cloth (T, W, Ex,
Ey, σx, σy) are determined. The physical properties of the carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet are also determined by the physical properties and basis weight of the carbon fibers themselves. These carbon fiber cloth and carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets are each used as an inner layer,
A laminated tube with a structure in which the outer layer is separated is effective because the combination ratio of carbon fiber cloth and carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets can be changed arbitrarily in order to obtain the same bending rigidity, so the physical properties of the laminated tube can be arbitrarily selected. However, due to the bending stress of the laminated pipe, vertical cracks occurred in the outer carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet layer, and then cracks occurred between the carbon fiber cloth and the unidirectionally aligned sheet layer. There was a problem that delamination occurred between the layers, resulting in failure at a moment lower than the required moment. Publication of Utility Model Publication No. 46-29565 has made a laminated tube with a symmetrical three-layer structure in which the inner and outer tubes are made of glass fiber braid, and glass fiber or glass fiber tape is arranged in the middle. As is known, this laminated tube has the innermost and outermost layers made of braid, so the fibers that make up the braid form an angle of at least 10 to 80 degrees with respect to the axial direction and circumferential direction of the laminated tube. As a result, the physical strength of the fibers is only utilized by 20% to 80% of the tensile, bending compression, and buckling stresses that act on the laminated pipe, and the physical properties in the circumferential direction are particularly insufficient to meet the required weight and strength. There was a problem in that the structure did not allow for a laminated tube to be obtained. The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the physical properties required for laminated pipes, namely weight (W), axial stiffness (EIx), circumferential stiffness (Ely),
This was accomplished with the aim of obtaining a laminated pipe with an optimal configuration for bending moment of failure (M) and specific moment of failure (M/W). [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the problems of the present invention, the cross section of the piece of meat has an outermost layer and an innermost layer made of the same structure and the same material, and the outermost layer and the innermost layer have high strength. , is made of a material having circumferential reinforcing fibers such as a cloth or orthogonal cross sheet made of high modulus carbon fiber, and the middle layer is the same as the outermost layer and the innermost layer, which are woven from high strength and high modulus fibers. structure, a cross or different structures made of the same material, a combination of cloth or orthogonal sheets of different materials and unidirectionally aligned sheets, or only unidirectionally aligned sheets with one or two types of different elastic moduli, Moreover, the laminated pipe is characterized by a cross section of one side having a symmetrical structure in the inner and outer directions. [Function] Since the outermost layer and the innermost layer of the laminated pipe are made of a material having circumferential reinforcing fibers such as cross and orthogonal sheets made of high-strength, high-elasticity carbon fibers with the same structure and the same material, the above-mentioned In addition to the excellent physical properties of carbon fiber, since it is made of the same structure and material, it receives even stress, and the circumferential fibers can withstand circumferential bending stress due to compressive force up to the maximum strength of the material. act. By disposing a cloth made of the same structure and material as the outermost layer and the innermost layer in the intermediate layer, delamination and the occurrence of concentrated stress can be effectively prevented. In addition, by combining unidirectionally aligned sheets with different structures, cross or orthogonal sheets made of different materials, or by arranging only unidirectionally aligned sheets with one or two types of different elastic moduli, it is possible to The distribution not only affects weight and strength manipulation, but also effectively affects axial tensile stress. Furthermore, by making the cross section of the piece of meat symmetrical in the inner and outer directions, it effectively acts on the shearing force in the circumferential direction and acts to uniformly disperse the concentration of the maximum shearing stress in the center between the layers. [Example] As shown in FIG. 1, the laminated tube 1 is generally made by cutting a cloth or sheet impregnated with a thermosetting resin or the like into a desired shape and size, and wrapping this around a core metal.
It is manufactured by a conventional manufacturing method in which the outside is wrapped with cellophane tape, heated and cured, and separated from the core metal after curing. The laminated pipe 1 of the present invention consists of an outermost layer 3, an innermost layer 4, and an intermediate layer 5 surrounded by the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4. The cross-section of one wall is illustrated by the one wall 2a of the laminated pipe 1 shown in FIG. [1] Examples of the materials constituting the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 include the following. (1) Carbon fiber cloth 1 Weaving method Plain weave (1n01 listed in Table 1) Satin weave Single weave Non-clip (fibers oriented at 90 degrees to the axial direction are arranged inside and outside) (2) Orthogonal crisscross sheet 1 Fig. 2 As shown in Fig. 2, the carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet is set at 0 degrees with respect to the axis.
It is laminated in a 90 degree direction, and the ratio of the amount of fibers in the 90 degree direction to the axial direction can be adjusted from 100% to 5%. (1n02 listed in Table 1
It is. ) [2] Examples of materials for the intermediate layer 5 include the following. (1) Carbon fiber cloth (1n01 listed in Table 1)
is concretely shown in FIG. (2) Orthogonal intersecting sheet (3) Carbon fiber unidirectional alignment sheet As shown in FIG.
Pre-Breg using (modulus of elasticity 40ton/mm ² , tensile strength 280Kg/mm ² ) "Toray Industries, Ltd. product number
4052-12 (1g12 listed in Table 1)" (4) Carbon fiber unidirectional alignment sheet As shown concretely in Figure 2, in the example, ” (elastic modulus 24ton/mm ² , tensile strength 360Kg/
mm ² ) prepreg using Toray Co., Ltd. product number
Uses 3051−12. (1c12 listed in Table 1) [3] Explanation of examples based on experiments (1) Example 1 As shown in the prepreg lamination pattern in Figure 3, the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 were made of orthogonal carbon fiber sheets. (1n02 listed in Table 1) was used as one layer each, and three layers of highly elastic carbon fiber aligned sheets (1g12 listed in Table 1) were provided in the intermediate layer 5. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 was created in order to create a comparative example and conduct a comparative study. (2) Comparative Example 1 As shown in the prepreg lamination pattern in Figure 7, three layers of high elastic carbon fiber aligned sheets (1g12 listed in Table 1) were provided from the outermost layer 3, and carbon fiber orthogonal sheets were placed in the inner layer. Two layers were provided. (3) Difference between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 When Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared, Example 1 is 43% higher than Comparative Example 1 in terms of rigidity in the circumferential direction, expressed as Ely. Shows excellent rigidity. Due to this influence, the value of bending rupture moment also
This is an increase of 15.3%. The value obtained by multiplying the specific bending moment of rupture by the specific axial bending stiffness is used as a numerical value that can be used to determine the overall performance of the laminated pipe 1, and this value was also improved by 14.7% in the example. There is. (4) Example 2 As shown in the prepreg lamination pattern in Fig. 4, the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 were each made of one layer of carbon fiber plain weave cloth (1n01 listed in Table 1),
The intermediate layer 5 had a structure in which three layers of the carbon fiber plain weave cloth (1n01 listed in Table 1) and four layers of high-strength aligned carbon fiber sheets (1g12 listed in Table 1) were laminated alternately. In contrast, a comparative example was created and compared with Example 2. (5) Comparative Example 2 As shown in the prepreg lamination pattern in Figure 8, four layers of high-strength carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets (1g12 listed in Table 1) are provided from the outermost layer 3, and carbon fiber plain weave cloth is added to the inner layer. (as listed in Table 1)
1n01) in five layers. (6) Difference between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 Comparing them, Example 2 has a 5.5% better circumferential rigidity Ely and a 1.9% increase in bending failure moment, and a 1.9% increase in specific bending failure moment. The overall performance obtained by multiplying by the specific axial bending stiffness is also
An improvement of 1.5% can be seen. (7) Example 3 As shown in the prepreg lamination pattern in FIG. 5, the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 are each made of one layer each of carbon fiber orthogonal sheets (1n02 listed in Table 1), and the middle layer 5 is made of high elastic carbon. Three layers of fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets (1g12 listed in Table 1) were provided, and one layer each of high-strength carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets (1c12 listed in Table 1) was provided on the outer layer and the inner layer. (8) Example 3' As shown in the prepreg lamination pattern in Figure 6, the material of the intermediate layer 5 in Example 3 was rearranged in order to understand the effect of rearranging the high-strength fibers in the intermediate layer 5. Example 3' is used. The outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 each have one layer of orthogonal carbon fiber sheets (1n02 listed in Table 1), and the middle layer is a highly elastic carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet (1g12 listed in Table 1). The structure was such that three layers and two layers of high-strength carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets (1c12 listed in Table 1) were arranged alternately. (9) Comparative Example 3 As shown in the prepreg lamination pattern in Figure 9, two layers of high-modulus carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets (1c12 in Table 1) are provided from the outer layer, and high-modulus carbon fibers are unidirectionally aligned to the inner layer. Three layers of alignment sheets (1g12 listed in Table 1) were provided, and two layers of carbon fiber orthogonal sheets (1n02 listed in Table 1) were provided on the inner layer. (10) Differences between Example 3 and Example 3' and Comparative Example 3 Comparing these, Examples 3 and 3' have the same structure as the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4, and are high elastic carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets. (1g12 listed in Table 1) and the high-strength carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet (1c12 listed in Table 1) are arranged differently, and the layer of higher-strength fibers is placed from the symmetrical center point of the cross section of one side. It can be seen that the bending failure moment increases when placed at a far position. Comparing Examples 3 and 3' with Comparative Example 3 in terms of rigidity in the circumferential direction,
24.6% to 22.6% Example 3, 3′ is larger;
Due to this effect, the bending failure moment is 8.4
% to 7.9%, and the overall performance obtained by multiplying the value of specific bending failure moment by the value of specific axial bending stiffness is also improved by 8.4% to 8%. (11) Other configuration examples Although not particularly shown in the drawings, in addition to the above embodiments, the carbon fiber cloth disposed in the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 may include satin weave, one-sided weave, non-clip fabrics, etc. It may be used as an orthogonal orthogonal sheet. Even if the fiber direction of the orthogonal orthogonal sheet is 0 degrees with respect to the axis of the laminated tube 1, high-elastic fibers can be arranged, or high-strength (low-elasticity) fibers can be arranged. . Similarly, it can also be placed at 90 degrees to the axis. Further, instead of the orthogonal intersecting sheets, a carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheet may be used. The materials used for the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 always have reinforcing fibers in the circumferential direction of the laminated pipe 1, and these circumferential reinforcing fibers are provided outside the outermost layer 3 and inside the innermost layer 4. However, this becomes an important element when constructing the laminated tube 1 which is light and strong. One or more layers of each of the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 can be provided as necessary. Furthermore, the intermediate layer 5 can be provided with one to several layers of one or more types of carbon fiber cloth, carbon fiber orthogonal sheets, high elasticity, high strength carbon fiber unidirectionally aligned sheets. Next, the physical properties and calculation results of the materials that made up the laminated pipe constructed above will be described. Table 1 shows the life of each material used in the calculation.

[Table] The calculation procedure is as follows. (1) Tensile stress and material safety factor (a) Laminated pipe composed of layers with various physical properties 1
Regarding these layers, the outer diameter was adjusted under the condition that the axial stiffness Elx = 10 ⁷ and the inner diameter φ20. (b) A moment was applied to this laminated pipe from 1500Kg/mm and increased at a pitch of 500Kg/mm. (c) The resulting strain Ex in the axial direction and the strain Ey in the circumferential direction were calculated. (d) The stress of each layer in the axial direction is calculated from the strain Ex in the axial direction, and this stress is divided by the strength of the material constituting each layer, and the calculated value is displayed as the tensile safety factor. is 1
Exceeding this will result in destruction. Table 2 assumes that the tensile safety factor of the material where fracture occurs first is 1, and looks at the safety factors of other materials at that time. (2) Bending stress, shearing stress in the direction perpendicular to the axis, and their safety factors (a) Take out the thickness of one side of the laminated pipe 1 in the direction of 90 degrees to the axial direction as shown in Figure 10, and use it as the laminated plate 2a. (b) The rigidity of this laminated plate 2a was determined from the axial rigidity Elx= ¹⁰⁷ and the inner diameter φ20. (c) For the plate with the rigidity Ely determined in this way, the bending stress and shear stress from the strain Ey in the circumferential direction were calculated, and these were divided by the strength of the material of each layer. (d) Regarding the bending stress in the direction perpendicular to the axis, there are cases where this value exceeds 1, causing destruction, and cases where the object collapses due to poor rigidity balance. (e) Regarding shear stress, if this value exceeds 1, peeling will occur. (3) Table 2 shows the stress distribution values for each layer in each of these configurations. In addition, in Table 2, W is the axial stiffness Elx=
10 ⁷ is the weight of the laminated tube 1 when the inner diameter is φ20, and it can be said that the smaller this value is, the lighter it is. T is the thickness after adjusting the axial rigidity Elx = 10 ⁷ and the inner diameter φ20. Ely is the rigidity in the circumferential direction when the axial rigidity Elx = 10 ⁷ and the inner diameter is φ20. Further, by arranging a cloth or orthogonal cross sheet in the outermost layer 3, the rigidity Ely in the circumferential direction is significantly increased. M represents the maximum bending fracture moment that can be withstood when tensile stress/possessive strength=1 among the materials in the axial direction of various layered structures, and it can be said that the larger M is, the stronger the structure is. M/W is the maximum bending failure moment of laminated pipe 1
represents the specific strength divided by the weight of It can be said that the larger this value is, the lighter and stronger the structure is. EIx/W is the stiffness in the axial direction divided by the weight of the laminated pipe 1, and represents specific stiffness. It can be said that the larger this value is, the lighter and more rigid the structure is. M・EIx/W ² is the sum of specific strength and specific stiffness, and can be said to be a coefficient that comprehensively represents the performance of laminated pipes.

【table】

[Table] Tensile stress in the axial direction is largely dependent on the strength of the material used, and stress tends to concentrate on materials with weaker strength. It can be seen that stress is concentrated on the high-strength carbon fiber prepreg sheet (1c12) because it is stronger than the high-modulus carbon fiber prepreg sheet (1g12). However, when comparing Example 3 and Example 3',
The middle layer 5 is made up of three layers of high modulus carbon fiber sheet prepreg (1g12) and two layers of high modulus carbon fiber sheet prepreg, and the outermost layer 3 and the innermost layer 4 are made of one layer of carbon cloth (1n02). Although they have the same structure, the high-strength carbon fiber sheet prepreg is moved away from the center of the wall thickness to create an outer layer,
Example 3, which is placed closer to the inner layer, has a slightly higher moment M than Example 3', and even in a symmetrical structure, the structure in which the high-strength material is placed farther from the center of wall thickness improves the strength. I understand. Furthermore, the bending stress in the circumferential direction is an element in which the effect of the symmetrical structure is noticeable. By arranging materials with reinforcing fibers in the circumferential direction, such as carbon fiber cloth or orthogonal carbon fiber sheets, to the outermost layer 3 and innermost layer 4, the material works effectively in the outermost layer 3 and innermost layer 4, where the maximum stress occurs. Since the stress load is shared evenly, it can be said to be an excellent structure for obtaining a lightweight and high-strength laminated pipe 1. [Effect of the invention] The cross section of the laminated pipe of the present invention has an outermost layer and an innermost layer made of the same structure and the same material, and the outermost layer and the innermost layer are made of high strength and high elasticity carbon fiber. Since it is made of a material that has equal circumferential reinforcing fibers in a cross or orthogonal sheet, the circumferential carbon fibers work effectively on the outermost and innermost layers, where the maximum stress occurs when bending in the circumferential direction, and the stress is evenly distributed. The structure of the laminated tube is light in weight and strong, and the middle layer is the outermost layer woven from high-strength, high-elasticity fibers, the same structure as the innermost layer, a cloth made of the same material, a different structure, or a different material. A combination of a cross or orthogonal sheet and a unidirectionally aligned sheet,
Alternatively, it is made up of only unidirectionally aligned sheets with one or more different moduli of elasticity, and the cross section of one side has a symmetrical structure in the inside-outside direction, so it is effective against stress in the axial direction, and is multi-layered. Compared to a homogeneous structure, the maximum shear stress is not concentrated in the center, and the stress is dispersed, resulting in a structure that effectively prevents delamination. The effect on tensile stress in the axial direction, the effect on bending in the circumferential direction, and the effect on shear stress in the circumferential direction are combined, and the effect of improving the bending failure moment of the laminated pipe 1 is achieved, resulting in lightweight and large bending rigidity, This has the effect that a laminated pipe 1 having high bending strength can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a partially cutaway side view of a laminated pipe for fishing rods, etc., according to the present invention, and Figure 2.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an orthogonal sheet, Fig. 3 is a high-strength unidirectionally aligned sheet, and Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a high elasticity unidirectionally aligned sheet, respectively, and Figs. 3 to 6 7 to 9 are cross-sectional views showing comparative examples of the cross-section of a single wall in a laminated pipe, and FIG. 10 is the same. It is an explanatory view of taking out a laminated plate from which the thickness of one wall of a laminated pipe is taken out for strength calculation. 1... Laminated pipe, 2a... Piece of meat, 3... Outermost layer,
4... Innermost layer, 5... Outermost layer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The cross section of one piece of meat has an outermost layer and an innermost layer made of the same structure and the same material, and the outermost layer and the innermost layer are reinforced in the circumferential direction by a cloth or orthogonal cross sheet made of high-strength, high-elasticity carbon fiber. The middle layer is composed of a material having fibers, and the middle layer is an outermost layer woven with high-strength, high-elastic fibers, a cloth made of the same material with the same structure as the innermost layer, a cloth of a different type, a cloth of different materials, or an orthogonal cross sheet. It is composed of a combination with a unidirectional aligned sheet, or only a unidirectional aligned sheet with one or two types of different elastic moduli,
A laminated pipe, such as a fishing rod, characterized by a cross section of one side having a symmetrical structure in the inner and outer directions.