JPH04267606A - Primary radiator in common use for vertically and horizontally polarized wave - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate the handling and to attain excellent external appearance by using a waveguide bonded to a circularly waveguide from a same direction with respect to the vertical and horizontal polarized wave common use primary radiator employing a circular waveguide so as to extract a vertically and a horizontally polarized wave signal. CONSTITUTION:One end of a circular waveguide 2 is formed to be a horn aperture 1 able to introduce a vertical and horizontal linearly polarized wave signal, the other end is formed to be a termination face 5, a square waveguide 7 as an output means of a linearly polarized wave signal is bonded to the opening 1 and a phase circuit 4 is provided to the termination face 5 and a square waveguide 9 as an output means of the other linearly polarized wave signal is bonded in the mmddle of the same phase circuit 4 and the same phase circuit 4 delays the phase of the other linearly polarized wave signal to extract an output while the guide axis direction of the square waveguides 7,9 is made identical. A probe may be used in place of the square waveguide.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization, which receives communication satellite (CS) radio waves transmitted in vertical and horizontal polarization. Communication satellite radio waves differ from satellite broadcasting radio waves, which use circularly polarized waves.
Linear polarization is used, and vertically and horizontally polarized radio waves are used to allow more channels to be transmitted within the same band. Therefore, in order to receive vertically polarized and horizontally polarized radio waves with one parabolic antenna, a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization is used.
A vertically polarized signal and a horizontally polarized signal are taken out from the vertically and horizontally polarized primary radiator and input to each CS converter to receive radio waves from a communication satellite (CS).

0002

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional primary radiator for vertically and horizontally polarized waves has one end of a circular waveguide 2 as a horn-shaped opening 1 capable of introducing vertically and horizontally linearly polarized signals, as shown in FIG. , the other end is the termination surface 5, a rectangular waveguide 24 is connected downward to the aperture 1 side as an output means for a horizontally polarized signal, and a rectangular waveguide is connected to the termination surface 5 side as an output means for a vertically polarized signal. tube 2
5 are connected in the horizontal direction, and the vertically polarized signal and the horizontally polarized signal, which have electric fields crossing at right angles, are taken out by each rectangular waveguide, and the signals are input to the CS converter. It was designed to receive radio waves from communication satellites.

0003

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] Therefore, the rectangular waveguide 2
4 and the rectangular waveguide 25 are joined to the circular waveguide 2 with their tube axes intersecting at right angles, and the rectangular waveguide 2
4 and the tip of the rectangular waveguide 25 are each equipped with a CS converter, and the output cable from the CS converter is also
In addition, since they are pulled out at right angles, they are difficult to handle and have a poor appearance. The present invention is easy to handle by joining two rectangular waveguides to a circular waveguide with their tube axes in substantially the same direction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization that has a good appearance.

0004

[Means for Solving the Problems] FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining the principle of a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, one end of a circular waveguide 2 is A horn-shaped aperture 1 capable of introducing a linearly polarized signal, the other end is a termination surface 5, and a rectangular waveguide 7 is connected to the aperture 1 side as a first output means for one linearly polarized signal, A phase circuit 4 is provided on the termination surface 5 side, and a second rectangular waveguide 9 is connected between the same phase circuits 4 as a second output means for the other linearly polarized signal. By delaying the phase of the wave signal, the tube axes of the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide are joined in substantially the same direction, and output is extracted.

[0005]

[Operation] With the above-described configuration, the present invention receives vertically polarized radio waves and horizontally polarized radio waves, and horizontally polarized waves are introduced into the horn-shaped opening 1 at one end of the circular waveguide 2. As shown in Figure 5, if the horizontal direction is the X-axis and the vertical direction is the Y-axis, the electric field in the X-axis direction is the vector component Ehx
, has a vector component Ehy in the Y-axis direction, and can be expressed as an electric field Eh that is a combination of Ehx and Ehy. Similarly, the vertically polarized wave introduced into the horn-shaped aperture 1 at one end of the circular waveguide 2 The electric field is a vector component Evx in the X-axis direction.
, has a vector component Evy in the Y-axis direction, and Evx
and Evy can be expressed as a combined electric field Ev.

Therefore, the electric fields of the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave introduced into the horn-shaped opening 1 at one end of the circular waveguide 2 are as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, since the electric fields intersect at right angles, a phase circuit 4a is installed between the junction of the rectangular waveguide 7 and the rectangular waveguide 9 inside the circular waveguide 2, as shown in FIG. and the vector component Evx in the X-axis direction of the vertically polarized electric field
is delayed by about 90 degrees, and a phase circuit 4b provided on the terminal surface 5 of the circular waveguide 2 further delays the vector component Evx by about 90 degrees.
If the delay is 0 degrees and the phase circuits 4a and 4b are provided together at the end face 5 of the circular waveguide 2 as shown in FIG.
The electric field Ev has Evx′ as a vector component in the X-axis direction as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
' is obtained, so even if the rectangular waveguide 7 and the rectangular waveguide 9 are connected to the circular waveguide 2 with their tube axes in substantially the same direction, the horizontally polarized wave from the rectangular waveguide 7 is A signal can be extracted, and a vertically polarized signal can be extracted from the rectangular waveguide 9.

Similarly, a vertically polarized signal is taken out from the rectangular waveguide 7, and the vector component Ehx in the X-axis direction of the horizontally polarized electric field shown in FIG.
Even if a horizontally polarized signal is extracted from the rectangular waveguide 9 by delaying the rectangular waveguide 9, the tube axes of the rectangular waveguide 7 and the rectangular waveguide 9 can be made substantially the same direction. Therefore, since it is possible to join two rectangular waveguides to a circular waveguide with their tube axes in the same direction, the appearance can be improved, and the tips of the two rectangular waveguides can be When the CS converters are joined to each other, the CS converters can be placed at substantially the same position, so it is possible to use the same outer box for each CS converter, which makes handling easier.

Phase circuit 4a used in FIG.
Although the arrangement is generally used in waveguides and the explanation thereof will be omitted, the operation of the phase circuit 4b provided on the termination surface 5 will be explained below. FIG. 3 is an equivalent configuration diagram for explaining the principle of the circularly polarized wave/linearly polarized wave converter of the present invention. Let the length of the probe 10 be L, and the current I to the probe 10
When a radio wave is excited by excitation of a radio wave, the electromagnetic field E directed toward the aperture of the circular waveguide 2 consists of an electromagnetic field component Ea directed from the probe 10 directly toward the aperture, and an electromagnetic field component Ea that exits the probe 10 and is reflected by the end surface 5 to form the aperture. It is expressed as a combination with the electromagnetic field component Eb directed toward . Therefore, E=Ea +Eb...■

[
[0009] Let Z = 0 at the end surface of the circular waveguide, take the Z axis in the direction of the tube axis, and let A = amplitude constant of the radio wave in the circular waveguide β = wave number of the radio wave in the circular waveguide, then Ea is It is shown by the following formula. Ea =A・exp[j{ωt−β(Z−L)}]・・
As shown in FIG. 3, Eb is equivalent to excitation of a radio wave by passing a current -I through the probe 11 at a position a distance L to the right from the end surface 5, and is expressed by the following equation. Eb =-A・exp[j{ωt-β(Z+L)}]・
...■ Therefore, E is expressed by the following formula from the formulas ■, ■, and ■. E=A・exp[j{ωt−β(Z−L)}]
−A・exp[j{ωt−β(Z+L)}]
=A・exp[j{ωt−βZ}]・[exp
{jβL}−exp {−jβL}] =j2
A・SIN(βL)・exp[j{ωt−βZ}]
...■ Therefore, when electromagnetic waves are excited by the probe 10, the phase of the electromagnetic waves generated in the circular waveguide 2 is:
According to the formula, it is shown that it changes depending on the distance Z from the termination surface 5 and the wave number β.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the circularly polarized wave/linearly polarized wave converter of the present invention, in which a probe 10 is placed inside the circular waveguide 2.
A phase circuit 4b having a length Lb in the tube axis direction and having two orthogonal electromagnetic wave modes with different tube wavelengths is provided. When an electromagnetic wave is excited by the probe 10, and the electric fields of two orthogonal modes of electromagnetic waves propagating in the phase circuit 4b of the same electromagnetic wave are respectively Ex and Ey, and the wave numbers generated in each mode are βx and βy because the tube wavelengths are different, then
The phase difference between the electric fields Ex and Ey at the opening of the phase circuit 4b is (βx −βy)Lb from equation (2). (βx −βy)Lb =π/2... If the phase circuit 4b is configured so that the formula (2) holds, the phase can be changed by 90 degrees with the phase circuit 4b. Therefore, it is possible to delay the phase by 180 degrees with a phase circuit that is integrated with the end face 5 of the circular waveguide 2 and whose length in the tube axis direction is approximately 4a + 4b. A signal whose phase is delayed by 180 degrees can be extracted from the middle of the phase circuit.

[0011]

[Embodiment] FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an embodiment of the primary radiator for vertically and horizontally polarized waves of the present invention. A horn-shaped aperture 1 capable of introducing a signal of , fixture 1
4 to be fixed to the side wall of the circular waveguide 2, and the terminal surface 5
Similarly, a probe 17 is provided on the side as a means for outputting a vertically polarized signal.
is inserted into the inside of the circular waveguide 2 from the external side, and is fixed to the side wall of the circular waveguide 2 with a fixture 16. 19 is a notch line, which shows the state in which the circular waveguide 2 is broken, and a phase circuit consisting of metal lumps 12 and 13 is provided on the terminal surface 5 of the circular waveguide 2, and the probe 15 is used to horizontally The polarized signal is extracted and input to the CS converter, and the phase of the vertically polarized signal is delayed by a phase circuit made up of metal blocks 12 and 13, so that the vertically polarized signal is in substantially the same direction as the probe 15. A probe 17 provided in the middle of the phase circuit extracts a vertically polarized signal and inputs the signal to the CS converter.

Reference numeral 3 denotes a metal plate, which is attached between the probe 15 and the phase circuit consisting of metal blocks 12 and 13 so as to be substantially parallel to the electric field of the horizontally polarized signal, so that the horizontally polarized signal is connected to the phase circuit. The horizontally polarized signal is short-circuited to prevent the horizontally polarized signal from moving forward, thereby improving the separation of the horizontally polarized signal and the vertically polarized signal. FIG. 7 is a front view of FIG. 6, in which the horizontally polarized wave is introduced into the circular waveguide 2 as a signal having an electric field in the horizontal direction, and the vertically polarized wave is introduced into the circular waveguide 2 as a signal having an electric field in the vertical direction. is the probe 1 installed parallel to the electric field direction of the same signal.
5, the signal is taken out.

Furthermore, the horizontally polarized signal is made to have the same width as the diameter of the circular waveguide 2 and is reflected by a metal plate 3 installed inside the circular waveguide 2 so as not to proceed to the phase circuit. The substantially semicylindrical metal blocks 12 and 13 used as a phase circuit are attached to opposing arcs of the circular waveguide 2 so that the arcs of the inner surface of the circular waveguide 2 are flat. and 13 are arranged so that a center line 20 connecting the centers of each of the metal plates 3 and 13 forms an angle of approximately 45 degrees with the metal plate 3.

[0014] The direction of the center line 20 is taken as the X axis, and the center line 20
The vector of the vertically polarized electric field Ev introduced into the circular waveguide 2 can be expressed as shown in FIG. When a vertically polarized signal travels through the phase circuit made up of metal blocks 12 and 13, metal blocks 12 and 1
3, the vector component Evx has a shorter wavelength than the vector component Evy of the vertically polarized electric field, so the phase of the vector component Evx can be delayed, and as shown in FIG. probe 17
The phase circuit up to this point delays the phase of the vector component Evx by approximately 90 degrees, and the phase circuit from the probe 17 to the termination surface 5 delays the phase of the vector component Evx by approximately 90 degrees. Vector component E
By delaying the phase of vx by 180 degrees, the electric field Ev' can be obtained as shown by the dotted line in FIG. Therefore, the electric field Ev
' is the electric field direction in the same direction as the horizontally polarized signal, and the probe 1 provided in the same manner as the probe 15
7, a vertically polarized signal can be extracted.

FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention.
9 is a front view of FIG. 8, and the difference from the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is that instead of using a probe as a signal output means, a rectangular waveguide is joined to the side surface of the circular waveguide 2. It is. A rectangular waveguide 7 is connected to the aperture 1 side via a slit 6 as an output means for a horizontally polarized signal, and metal blocks 12 and 1
A rectangular waveguide 9 is connected to the rectangular waveguide 7 through a slit 8 approximately in the middle of the phase circuit consisting of the rectangular waveguide 7 with its tube axis in approximately the same direction. The shape of the slit is such that the long side is parallel to the tube axis direction of the circular waveguide 2, and the opening surface is arranged in a direction parallel to the electric field of the horizontally polarized signal. The mounting position of the slit 8 in the tube axis direction is such that the center of the opening of the slit 8 is at the same position as the probe 17 in FIG.
A vertically polarized signal with a 0 degree phase delay can be extracted, and the mounting position of the slit 6 in the tube axis direction is
The center of the opening may be located approximately at the same position as the probe 15 in FIG. Note that FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 taken along the breaking line nm, and the metal lump 13 is arranged so as not to overlap the opening of the slit 8.

FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the vertically and horizontally polarized primary radiator of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is a front view of FIG. 11, and FIG. The difference from FIG. 9 is that a dielectric plate 18 is used as a phase circuit instead of metal blocks 12 and 13. The dielectric plate 18 is arranged so that the center line 23 of the plate thickness of the dielectric plate 18 matches the center line 20 of the metal lumps 12 and 13 in FIG. 9, and both ends of the dielectric plate 18 in the short side direction are clamped and fixed between the inner walls of the circular waveguide 2. The length of the dielectric plate 18 in the long side direction is such that the phase of the vertically polarized signal can be delayed by 180 degrees. The other configurations are the same as those in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

[0017]

As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to make the signal electric fields of vertically and horizontally polarized waves in the same direction, and even when output is extracted using two rectangular waveguides, the tube axis remains unchanged. It is possible to provide a primary radiator for vertically and horizontally polarized waves that can be joined to a circular waveguide with substantially the same direction, is easy to handle, and has a good appearance.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an equivalent configuration diagram for explaining the principle of a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a phase circuit used in the vertically and horizontally polarized primary radiator of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vector diagram of electric fields of horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an embodiment of a primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a front view of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a front view of FIG. 8;

10 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the breaking line nm in FIG. 8; FIG.

FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another embodiment of the primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a front view of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a conventional primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Opening 2 Circular waveguide 3 Metal plate 4 Phase circuit 4a Phase circuit 4b Phase circuit 5 End surface 6 Slit 7 Square waveguide 8 Slit 9 Square waveguide 10 Probe 11 Probe 12 Metal lump 13 Metal lump 14 Fixing tool 15 Probe 16 Fixing tool 17 Probe 18 Dielectric plate 19 Notch line 20 Center line 21　X-axis 22 Y-axis 23 Center line 24 Square waveguide 25 Square waveguide

Claims (3)

[Claims] Claim 1: One end is an aperture capable of introducing vertical and horizontal linearly polarized signals, the other end is an end surface, and a first rectangular waveguide is provided on the aperture side as a first output means for one of the linearly polarized signals. In a circular waveguide in which the tubes are joined together, a phase circuit is provided on the end face side, and a second rectangular waveguide is joined in the middle of the same phase circuit as a second output means for the other linearly polarized signal, the phase circuit By delaying the phase of the other linearly polarized wave signal, the first rectangular waveguide and the second rectangular waveguide are joined in substantially the same direction with their tube axes. Horizontal polarization shared primary radiator. 2. One end is an opening capable of introducing vertical and horizontal linearly polarized signals, the other end is a termination surface, and a first probe is provided on the opening side as a first output means for one of the linearly polarized signals. , in a circular waveguide in which a phase circuit is provided on the termination surface side and a second probe is provided in the middle of the same phase circuit as a second output means for the other linearly polarized signal, the phase circuit outputs the other linearly polarized signal. 1. A primary radiator for both vertical and horizontal polarization, characterized in that the first probe and the second probe are made to be in substantially the same direction and coupled with mutually different linearly polarized signals by delaying the phase of the probe. 3. A short-circuiting metal plate is connected to the circular waveguide between the first output means and the phase circuit so that the electric field is substantially parallel to the electric field of the linearly polarized signal outputted by the first output means. Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that it is attached inside the
The vertically and horizontally polarized primary radiator described.