JPH04266621A - Rotation transmitting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a rotation transmitting device possible to mechanically conduct the transmission and change of a driving torque and control the transmitting direction of the torque only in one direction. CONSTITUTION:Engaging surfaces 5, 6 are formed on the opposed surfaces of an outer ring 1 and an input shaft 2, and a roller 10, 11 engaged with the engaging surfaces by the relative rotation between the input shaft 2 and a retainer 8 and an elastic member for holding the roller in neutral state are integrated into the pocket of the retainer 8 provided between both the engaging surfaces. The holding equipment 8 and the input shaft 2 are connected to a control shaft 13 through pins 17, 19, a rotating directional clearance is provided in the connecting part between the pin 19 and the input shaft 2, and a friction generating means 20 for decelerating the rotation of the control shaft 13 is connected to the top end of the pin 19. When the input shaft 2 is rotated, the rotation of the control shaft 13 is later than the input shaft 2 by the clearance portion of the connecting part, and the roller 10, 11 is laid into engaging operating state by the relative movement of the retainer 8. When the rotation of the outer ring 1 is faster than the input shaft 2 in this state, the outer ring is overrun, and in the reverse case, the rollers are engaged with the engaging surfaces to transmit the torque to the outer ring.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotation transmission device, and is used, for example, to switch between transmission and interruption of drive torque between the drive shaft and wheels of an automobile.

0002

[Prior Art and its Problems] When turning a corner in a car, the turning radius of the front wheels becomes larger than the turning radius of the rear wheels, so when turning a tight corner with the front and rear wheels directly connected, the front wheels trying to turn quickly will The vehicle slips, causing the phenomenon as if the brakes had been applied.

Due to this braking phenomenon, in conventional four-wheel drive vehicles, the driver disconnects the front and rear wheels when driving around tight corners or in urban areas, and switches between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive depending on the driving condition. The problem was that it was necessary to use different drives, and switching operations were time-consuming.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, a rotation transmission device A consisting of a viscous coupling is installed between a drive shaft C branched from an engine transfer B and a front differential E provided on a front wheel D. intervene,
It is known that full-time four-wheel drive is achieved by absorbing the difference in rotation between the front and rear wheels using the internal resistance of a high viscous fluid in a viscous coupling.

However, viscous couplings, which transmit rotational torque through the resistance of high viscosity fluid, have poor torque transmission efficiency due to loss when resistance occurs, and also have low shear resistance with small rotational differences, which causes problems with the weight of automobiles. However, it has the disadvantage that it cannot transmit a sufficiently large torque.

In addition, in order to increase the transmitted torque, it is necessary to increase the area and number of disks that shear the highly viscous fluid, which results in a problem that the drive system cannot be made compact due to the large size. Since the shear resistance of the viscous fluid increases at low speeds, drag torque occurs when turning at low speeds, and there is also the drawback that the braking phenomenon at tight corners cannot be completely eliminated.

The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to enable efficient torque transmission by mechanically switching between transmission and cutoff of drive torque, and to It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotation transmission device that transmits force in only one direction and absorbs rotation differences in the opposite direction, thereby enabling complete full-time four-wheel drive when applied to automobiles.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the rotation transmission device of the present invention rotatably supports an input shaft inside an outer ring, and has an engager on a surface facing the outer ring and the input shaft. An engaging element is formed in a pocket of a retainer that forms an engaging surface and is rotatably provided between the two engaging surfaces, and that engages with both of the engaging surfaces by relative rotation of the input shaft and the retainer in forward and reverse directions. and an elastic member that holds the engager in an unengaged position, and the retainer and the input shaft are connected so that rotational force can be transmitted by a control shaft that is rotatably disposed coaxially with the input shaft. , a rotational gap is provided at the connecting portion between the control shaft and the input shaft, and a friction generating means is provided for generating friction force by sliding contact with either the input shaft or the control shaft.

[0009]

[Operation] In the above structure, when the friction generating means is connected to the control shaft and the input shaft is rotated, the rotation of the control shaft, which is decelerated by the friction generating means, is reduced by the rotational direction clearance of the connecting part with respect to the input shaft. After a delay of 1 minute, the cage connected to the control shaft rotates relative to the input shaft. This movement of the retainer moves the engager to an engaged position where it contacts the engagement surface.

[0010] In this state, when a rotation difference occurs such that the input shaft rotates faster than the outer ring, the engager immediately engages with the engagement surface, causing the outer ring to rotate together with the input shaft.

Conversely, when the rotation of the outer ring becomes faster than the rotation of the input shaft, the outer ring overruns the engager, so the engager does not engage, and the outer ring and the input shaft rotate in a separated state. do. Therefore, the driving force is transmitted only in the direction from the input shaft to the outer ring, and rotation from the outer ring to the input shaft is blocked.

[0012] Furthermore, by connecting a friction generating means to the input shaft,
Even if a speed difference is created between the input shaft and the control shaft, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

[0013]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3 show a first embodiment. As shown in the figure, one end of an input shaft 2 is inserted into an outer ring 1, and is rotatably supported by two bearings 3, 3 installed between the two bearings.

A sleeve 4 is press-fitted into the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 1, and a cylindrical engagement surface 5 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 4. Further, the portion of the input shaft 2 that faces the sleeve 4 is a square shaft portion 7, and on the outer periphery of the square shaft portion 7, there are a plurality of engagement surfaces that serve as wedge-shaped cam surfaces relative to the engagement surface 5. 6 is formed.

An annular retainer 8 is rotatably incorporated between the above-mentioned two engaging surfaces 5 and 6, and pockets 9 formed in the retainer 8 facing each engaging surface 6 include A pair of rollers 10 and 11 as engagers, and an elastic member 12 that presses each roller 10 and 11 against circumferentially opposing sides of the pocket 9.
is incorporated. A gap is provided between each of the rollers 10, 11 and the engaging surfaces 5, 6 in the normal assembled state, and when the retainer 8 and the input shaft 2 rotate relative to each other in both forward and reverse directions, the rollers 10, 11 , 11 are pressed against the sides of the pocket 9 so that one of the rollers engages both engaging surfaces 5, 6 alternately.

On the other hand, inside the input shaft 2, a control shaft 13 arranged on the center line of the input shaft is connected to a bearing 14 and a guide hole 1.
5, and its control shaft 13
A connecting pin 1 is inserted into one end of the pin hole 16 of the input shaft 2.
The retainer 8 is integrally connected via 7.

A connecting pin 19 inserted through a pin hole 18 on the tip side of the input shaft 2 passes through the other end of the control shaft 13.
A friction generating means 20 is connected to the tip of the connecting pin 19.

The friction generating means 20 includes a ring-shaped rotating body 21 fixed at the tip of the connecting pin 19, a friction member 22 that makes sliding contact with the circumferential surface of the rotating body 21, and a friction member 22 that is connected to the outside. It consists of fixing arms 23, 23 supported by a fixing member (not shown), and the rotating body 21 is
slow down the movement of.

Further, between the connecting pin 19 connected to the rotating body 21 and the pin hole 18, there is a gap 24 in the rotational direction that is larger than the distance at which the rollers 10, 11 contact the engaging surfaces 5, 6 from the neutral position. The rotational clearance 24 is set smaller than the circumferential clearance 25 between the other connecting pin 17 and the pin hole 16.

In the rotation transmission device of the embodiment having the above structure, when the input shaft 2 rotates in one direction, the rotation of the control shaft 13, which is decelerated by the friction generating means 20, is delayed, and the cage 8 has a gap in the rotation direction. 24 relative to the input shaft 2. This movement of the retainer causes the rollers 10, 1
1 is pushed in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the input shaft 2, and comes into contact with the engagement surfaces 5 and 6 to be in an engaged state.

In this state, if a rotational difference occurs between the input shaft 2 and the outer ring 1 that increases the speed of the input shaft, the rollers in the engagement operation position will immediately engage with the engagement surfaces 5 and 6. Together,
Rotates the outer ring together with the input shaft.

Conversely, when the outer ring 1 rotates faster than the input shaft 2, the outer ring 1 overruns the rollers 10 and 11, so the rollers do not engage between the engaging surfaces 5 and 6, and the outer ring rotates faster than the input shaft. It is separated from the body and continues to rotate.

In this way, the driving force is transmitted in the input shaft 2.
The rotational torque from the outer ring 1 to the input shaft 2 is blocked, and the difference in rotation between the two in that direction is effectively absorbed.

On the other hand, when the input shaft 2 rotates in the opposite direction, the retainer 8 moves relatively in the opposite direction, and the rollers move to the engagement operating position. That is, since the engagement positions of the rollers 10 and 11 change depending on the direction of rotation of the input shaft 2, the driving force can be transmitted and interrupted in exactly the same way in both forward and reverse directions.

In order to install the rotation transmission device A of the above embodiment in a four-wheel drive vehicle in which the rear wheel F is the driving wheel as shown in FIG. and the outer wheel 1 is connected to the shaft of the front wheel axle D facing the front differential E.

[0027] In the above structure, when normally driving straight, the rear wheels F are two-wheel drive, and the front wheels G rotate together with the rear wheels, so there is no difference in rotation between the input shaft 2 and the outer wheel 1. , the rollers 10 and 11 do not engage with each other, and the input shaft and the outer ring rotate separately.

Now, when the rear wheels slip and the vehicle speed decreases, the rotation of the drive shaft C exceeds that of the decelerating front wheels, so the input shaft 2 rotates faster than the outer wheel 1. Therefore, in the rotation transmission device A, the rollers 10 and 11 engage with the engagement surfaces 5 and 6, the torque of the drive shaft C is transmitted to the front wheel axle D, and the state is switched to a four-wheel drive state.

On the other hand, when switching to four-wheel drive mode while turning a tight corner, the outer wheel 1 tries to rotate faster than the input shaft 2 due to the movement of the front wheels trying to turn faster than the rear wheels, but in this state, Since the outer ring 1 overruns, the rollers 10, 11 do not engage the engagement surfaces 5, 6. Therefore, the movement of the front wheels is not restricted by the movement of the rear wheels, and no braking phenomenon occurs.

In this way, when the rear wheel, which is the drive wheel, slips while driving, the system automatically switches to four-wheel drive, and when the front wheel rotates faster than the rear wheel while turning a tight corner, the overrunning of the outer wheel causes Since the difference in rotation between the front and rear wheels is absorbed, smooth and stable driving is possible.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show a second embodiment. In this example, cylindrical engagement surfaces 33 and 34 are formed on the inner diameter surface of the outer ring 31 and the outer diameter surface of the input shaft 32, respectively, and between the two engagement surfaces 33 and 34, a rotating large diameter A control retainer 35 and a small-diameter fixed retainer 36 pinned to the input shaft 32 are incorporated.

In addition, sprags 39 that engage between the engaging surfaces 33 and 34 with inclinations in both left and right directions are provided in pockets 37 and 38 that are formed in plurality on the circumferential surfaces of the retainers 35 and 36.
is fitted, and both sides of the sprag 39 are pressed by elastic members 40, 40 attached to the control retainer 35 to hold the sprag 39 in a neutral state.

Furthermore, a bearing 41 is provided at the center of the input shaft 32.
41 rotatably supports a control shaft 42, and a control retainer 35 is connected to a connecting pin 43 attached to the center of the control shaft 42, and to a connecting pin 44 attached to the tip of the control shaft 42, A rotating body 46 of the friction generating means 45 is integrally attached.

The friction generating means 45 includes friction members 47, 47 that sandwich the end face of the rotating body 46 from both sides, a fixing arm 48 that supports the friction members on an external fixing member, and It consists of a pressing member 49 that presses against the rotating body 46, and friction members 47, 47 and the rotating body 4.
The movement of the rotating body 46 is decelerated by the frictional resistance generated by the sliding contact of the rotating body 46. In this case, the friction member 47 has
In order to be able to continuously apply a stable braking force to the rotating body 46 rotating at high speed, it is desirable to use a material with high wear resistance and a small coefficient of wear that can be used without lubrication.

Further, an input flange member 51, which serves as an input end of the driving force, is integrally connected to the tip of the input shaft 32 via a press-fitted spline 50, and the pin hole of the flange member 51 A circumferential clearance 53 formed between the input shaft 52 and the connecting pin 44 is formed to be larger than a rotational clearance 55 created between the pin hole 54 of the input shaft 32 and the connecting pin 44.

In the rotation transmission device having the above structure, when the input shaft 32 rotates, the rotation of the control retainer 35 is delayed by the braking action of the friction generating means 45, and the relative rotation of the retainers 35 and 36 is delayed. As a result, the sprag 39 is tilted and becomes engaged.

In this case, since the control retainer 35 whose rotation lags behind the input shaft 32 is fitted on the large diameter side of the sprag 39, the sprag 39 rotates in the rotation direction ( When the input shaft 32 rotates faster, the sprag 39 immediately bites into the engagement surfaces 33 and 34 without slipping, ensuring that the driving force is transferred to the outer ring 31. to communicate.

[0038]

[Effect] As described above, the rotation transmission device of the present invention mechanically switches the transmission of drive torque by engaging the engager between the input shaft and the outer ring, so that efficient torque transmission can be performed. This allows for accurate torque transmission between the input and output sides.

Furthermore, since a rotational speed difference is created between the input shaft and the control shaft, and the engager is always kept in the engaged state, even if there is a slight difference in rotation between the input side and the output side, the engagement is immediately caused. Since the couplings engage and do not require large relative slips unlike viscous couplings that use high viscosity fluids, the rotation can be switched with good responsiveness.

Furthermore, when the rotation on the output side exceeds the rotation on the input side, the transmission of the rotation can be cut off by overrunning the outer ring, and the transmission direction of the drive torque can be controlled in only one direction. .

Therefore, if the rotation transmission device of the present invention is used in the drive unit of an automobile, braking will not occur even when turning a tight corner with four wheels directly connected, and two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive can be automatically switched. This makes it possible to achieve full-time direct-coupled four-wheel drive.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

[Fig. 1] Partially sectional front view of the first embodiment

[Fig. 2] Cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in Fig. 1

[Figure 3] III- in Figure 1
III Sectional view along the line

[Fig. 4] Partially sectional front view of the second embodiment

[Figure 5] Cross-sectional view taken along line V-V in Figure 4

[Figure 6] Enlarged view of main parts of Figure 5

[Figure 7] Diagram showing an example of installing a rotation transmission device on a car

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 31 Outer ring 2, 32 Input shaft 5, 6, 33, 34 Engagement surface 8 Cage 9, 37, 38 pocket 10, 11 Roller 12, 40 Elastic member 13, 42 Control axis 20, 45 Friction generating means 24, 55 Rotational direction clearance 35 Control cage 36 Fixed retainer 39 Sprag A Rotation transmission device

Claims (1)

[Claims] [Claim 1] An input shaft is rotatably supported inside an outer ring, an engaging surface of an engager is formed on the opposing surface of the outer ring and the input shaft, and a rotatable member is provided between the two engaging surfaces. Incorporating in the pocket of the retainer an engager that engages with both of the engagement surfaces by relative rotation of the input shaft and the retainer in forward and reverse directions, and an elastic member that holds the engager in a non-engaged position. The retainer and the input shaft are connected so that rotational force can be transmitted by a control shaft that is rotatably arranged on the same axis as the input shaft, and a clearance in the rotational direction is provided at the connection part of the control shaft and the input shaft, so that the input shaft or A rotation transmission device equipped with a friction generating means that generates a friction force by sliding contact with one of the control shafts.