JP2997094B2 - Rotation transmission device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotation transmission device, and is used, for example, for switching driving force transmission in a four-wheel drive vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a four-wheel drive vehicle intended for off-road driving is provided with a sub-transmission for drive switching, and a driver can use a four-wheel drive or a two-wheel drive in accordance with the state of a running road surface. , A part-time driving method is used. Further, in such a four-wheel drive vehicle, it is necessary to obtain a large driving force at the time of low-speed running, so a drive mechanism that mechanically directly connects the four wheels is employed.

However, in a structure in which four wheels are mechanically directly connected, when a tight corner is turned in an urban area or the like, the front wheel that tries to turn fast and the rear wheel that tries to turn slowly slip due to the difference in turning radius drawn by the front and rear wheels. However, there is a problem that a phenomenon that a brake is applied occurs. In addition, when only the center differential is attached, and when one wheel idles due to derailing or the like, a problem arises in that the driving force flows only to the wheel and is not transmitted to the grounded wheel at all.

In order to solve the above problem, a center differential with a viscous coupling mechanism utilizing the shear resistance of a highly viscous substance has been provided inside a transfer directly connected to each wheel and the transmission, so that the rotational difference between the front and rear wheels is different. There has been proposed a drive mechanism that does not become inoperable due to the differential of the differential wheel even if one wheel spins due to the function of absorbing the wheel.

However, such a center differential with a viscous coupling mechanism transmits torque using a speed difference between input and output, and is not good at transmitting torque in a low-speed range, so that an off-road vehicle that frequently travels at low speed is used. There is a drawback that it is difficult to obtain a sufficient driving force during traveling or the like and the device becomes large.

Further, since these center differentials have a complicated structure, the structure of the drive system is complicated, the weight is increased, and the cost is increased.

Accordingly, the present invention can exhibit the function of limiting the rotational difference between the front and rear wheels and the differential of the differential without using the center differential by incorporating it into the driving path of the vehicle, and at the same time, a large driving force in a low speed range. Can be transmitted, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotation transmission device that can support a part-time drive mechanism in which a driver can freely select a drive state.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an input device in which an engaging surface of an engaging element is formed on an opposing surface of an outer ring and an input shaft rotatably inserted inside the outer ring. The output shaft is rotatably inserted into the shaft insertion hole provided on the shaft core of the shaft, and the output shaft and the retainer incorporated between the outer ring and the input shaft are rotated in the pin hole of the input shaft in the rotation direction. An engaging element engaged with the engaging surface by relative rotation of the outer race and the retainer is engaged with a pocket provided in the retainer by a pin fitted with a gap, and the engaging element is engaged with the engaging surface. A resilient member that retains at a position that does not fit is incorporated, and between the input shaft and the output shaft, a retaining member that resiliently retains both at a neutral position in the rotational direction gap, and disengaged from the input shaft and the output shaft. This is a structure in which a lock member for preventing rotation of both is incorporated.

Further, the present invention employs, as a second means, a structure in which a lock member for preventing rotation of both is incorporated between the input shaft and the outer ring in the above structure.

[0010]

[Function] The input shaft is connected to the engine transmission, the output shaft is connected to the rear wheel differential, the outer wheel is connected to the front wheel differential, and the lock member is connected to the driving force switching auxiliary transmission. Since the shaft is in a stopped state due to the resistance applied from the rear wheel, the holding member is elastically deformed, the input shaft and the output shaft rotate relative to each other, and the engaging element engages with the engaging surface to integrate the input shaft and the outer ring. . For this reason, the front wheels are driven via the outer wheels, and the rear wheels are driven via the output shaft, so that four wheels are driven.

In this driving state, when the rotation of the front wheel becomes faster than that of the rear wheel due to turning of a tight corner or the like, the rotation of the outer wheel exceeds the rotation of the input shaft, the outer wheel overruns, and the engagement of the engaging element is disconnected. For this reason, the front wheel and the rear wheel are separated, and the two-wheel drive with only the rear wheel is performed.

On the other hand, when the input member and the output shaft are prevented from rotating by the lock member, the engaging member does not move, and the outer wheel is always kept separated from the input shaft. Will be retained.

In the second means, when the input shaft and the outer wheel are prevented from rotating and the input shaft and the output shaft are separated from each other, the driving force is transmitted to the front wheel and the rear wheel.
Wheel drive.

[0014]

1 to 4 show a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a sprocket ring 4 with which a silent chain is engaged is fixed to an outer diameter surface of an outer ring 1, and both ends of the inner diameter surface are rotatable around an input shaft 2 by a pair of bearings 5, 5. Supported.

A shaft insertion hole 6 is formed at the tip end surface of the input shaft 2 along the axis thereof, and the output shaft 3 is inserted into the shaft insertion hole 6.
Are inserted and rotatably supported. As shown in FIG. 2, the distal end face of the output shaft 3 is formed in a square shaft 7, while the closed end of the shaft insertion hole 6 is formed with a square hole 8 into which the square shaft 7 is loosely fitted. A play X in the rotational direction is provided between the square hole 8 and the square shaft 7.

The input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are provided with an insertion hole 9 penetrating therethrough along the axis.
, A torsion bar 10 as a holding member is inserted. One end of the torsion bar 10 is connected to the output shaft 3, and the other end is connected to the input shaft 2, and the spring 7 of the torsion bar 10 causes the angular shaft 7 of the output shaft 3 to move to the neutral position of the gap X in the rotational direction. It is held elastically.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a plurality of engaging grooves 11 are formed in the distal end of the input shaft 2 in the circumferential direction, and the outer diameter of the output shaft 3 facing the engaging grooves 11 is formed. A plurality of engagement grooves 12 extending in the axial direction are formed on the surface, and a lock member 13 is slidably mounted in the engagement grooves 12. The lock member 13 is provided with two engagement grooves 11, 1
2 and an operating portion 13b connected to the auxiliary transmission I, and as shown by a solid line in FIG. By fitting between them, the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are prevented from rotating.

The inner diameter surface of the outer ring 1 is formed on a cylindrical surface 14, and the outer diameter surface of the input shaft 2 opposed thereto is a cylindrical surface 15 concentric with the cylindrical surface 14.
Between 5, a rotatable large-diameter control holder 16 and a small-diameter fixed holder 17 fixed to the input shaft 2 are incorporated.

A plurality of pockets 18 and 19 are formed in the control retainer 16 and the fixed retainer 17 so as to face each other in the circumferential direction. Each of the pockets 18 and 19 has a sprag 20 as an engaging element and an elastic member 21. And is incorporated. As shown in FIG. 4, the sprag 20 has an outer surface and an inner surface formed by an arcuate surface 22 having a center of curvature on the center line of the sprag. , 15 and the input shaft 2 and the outer ring 1 are integrated. The elastic member 21 is attached to the control retainer 16 and presses the sprags 20 from both sides to press the two cylindrical surfaces 14,
15 is held at a neutral position not engaged.

The control retainer 16 is integrally connected to a pin 23 extending from the output shaft 3 in the radial direction.
A pin insertion hole 24 through which the pin 23 is inserted is formed in the peripheral wall of the input shaft 2. The pin insertion hole 24 and the pin 23
And a gap in the rotational direction is provided between
The torsion bar 10 is held at a neutral position by a spring force of the torsion bar.

The rotation transmitting device A of the first embodiment has the above-described structure, and FIG. 5 shows an example in which the rotation transmitting device is mounted on a drive path of a four-wheel drive vehicle.

In this figure, an input shaft 2 of a rotation transmitting device A is connected to a transmission C of an engine B,
The output shaft 3 is connected to a rear wheel differential D via a propeller shaft F, and the sprocket ring 4 of the outer wheel 1 is connected to a drive shaft H connected to a front wheel differential E via a silent chain G. I have.

The lock member 13 is connected to a drive switching auxiliary transmission I provided in the driver's seat, and when the auxiliary transmission I is operated, the lock member 13 is connected to the engagement groove 12 of the output shaft 3. It is designed to move along.

As shown by a broken line in FIG. 1, when the transmission C is rotated from the transmission C to the input shaft 2 with the lock member 13 separated from the input shaft 2, the output shaft 3 is grounded on the road surface. Since the rotational resistance is applied from the wheel, the torsion bar 10 is deformed and the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are deformed.
Are relatively rotated, and the control holder 16 and the fixed holder 17 are relatively moved. For this reason, the sprags 20 have the two cylindrical surfaces 14, 1
5 and the rotation of the input shaft 2 is transmitted to the front wheel differential E via the outer wheel 1.

When the elasticity of the deformable torsion bar 10 exceeds the rotational resistance applied to the output shaft 3 from the rear wheels, the output shaft 3 rotates together with the input shaft 2 to drive the rear wheels. Therefore, a four-wheel drive state is established, and a large driving force is transmitted to the front and rear wheels.

When the front wheel rotates faster than the rear wheel due to the turning of the tight corner, the rotation of the outer wheel 1 exceeds the rotation of the input shaft 2 and the outer wheel 1 runs over the sprag 20. For this reason, the sprag 20 is pushed in the circumferential direction by the contact with the outer ring 1 and is disengaged from the cylindrical surfaces 14 and 15, and the outer ring 1 and the input shaft 2 are separated. As a result, only rear wheels are driven by two wheels, and a braking phenomenon at a tight corner does not occur.

On the other hand, if the rear wheel slips or one of the rear wheels slips off in the two-wheel drive state with the rear wheel, the rotation of the input shaft 2 catches up with the decelerating front wheel (ie, the outer wheel 1).
For this reason, the sprags 20 are engaged with the cylindrical surfaces 14 and 15, and the driving force is transmitted to the front wheels, thereby shifting to four-wheel drive.

If one of the front wheels comes off in the four-wheel drive state, no effective driving force is transmitted to the front wheels due to the differential function of the differential E. Since the driving state is maintained, the running state of the vehicle is maintained.

On the other hand, the lock member 13 is moved by the auxiliary transmission I, and the lock member 13 is fitted into both the engagement grooves 11 and 12 of the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 as shown by a solid line in FIG. When they are combined, the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 rotate integrally, so that the engagement of the sprags 20 does not occur. Therefore, the driving force is transmitted only to the rear wheels, and the two-wheel drive state is maintained.

As described above, in the above-described structure, if the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are separated from each other, when the rear wheel or the front wheel slips or a speed difference occurs between the front and rear wheels, the automatic transmission is automatically stopped.
The drive between the wheels and the two wheels is switched, so that full-time, four-wheel drive traveling in a directly connected state becomes possible. On the other hand, when the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 3 are integrated by the lock member 13, only the rear wheels 2
Wheel drive can be maintained. Therefore, various driving states can be selected according to the driver's request.

In the above-mentioned rotation transmitting device A, the driving force of the engine is transmitted by mechanical engagement of the sprags 20 and is not transmitted according to the speed difference between input and output unlike the viscous coupling. Even during running, the full torque of the engine is transmitted to the front and rear wheels, and a strong running power is obtained.

In the above description, the operation in one direction of the vehicle has been described. However, when the rotation direction applied from the transmission to the input shaft 2 is reversed, the inclination of the sprag 20 is reversed, and the gap between the cylindrical surfaces 14 and 15 is reduced. , The drive can be switched in the same manner in both the forward and backward directions.

The operation of the lock member 13 is performed by operating the auxiliary transmission I. However, the lock member may be operated by another mechanical mechanism or an electrical mechanism.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show a second embodiment. In this example, in addition to the structure shown in FIG. 1, engagement grooves 33, 3, and 3 are provided on the distal end of the outer race 31 and the outer diameter surface of the input shaft 32, respectively.
4 and a lock member 35 is movably provided in the engagement groove 34 so that the input shaft 32 and the outer ring 31 can be prevented from rotating.

All other structures are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

In this structure, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 6, when the lock member 35 is fitted into the two engagement grooves 33 and 34 and the lock member 13 is separated from the input shaft 32, After the torsion bar 10 is torsionally deformed to the output shaft 3, torque is directly transmitted from the input shaft 32 by the engagement between the square shaft 7 and the square hole 8. For this reason, the front and rear wheels are directly connected, and a rigid four-wheel drive is achieved.
Such a drive structure in which the front and rear wheels are directly connected can exert a strong drive force on a road surface under the worst conditions such as sand and mud.

In the structure shown in FIG. 6, the operation of each lock member 13, 35 is performed independently,
It is possible to switch between full-auto four-wheel drive, two-wheel drive with only rear wheels, and fully-coupled four-wheel drive, with the advantage that many variations of drive methods can be selected according to the driver's will according to the road surface conditions. is there.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show a third embodiment. In this example, a plurality of cam surfaces 44 forming a wedge-shaped space between the outer diameter surface of the input shaft 42 and the cylindrical surface 43 of the outer ring 41 are provided.
And a cage 4 provided between the input shaft 42 and the outer ring 41.
A roller 47 engaging with the cylindrical surface 43 and the cam surface 44 and an elastic member 48 for holding the roller 47 at a neutral position are incorporated in the pocket 46 of No. 5.

Further, the torsion bar connecting the input shaft 42 and the output shaft 49 is eliminated, and instead, a pin 50 connecting the output shaft 49 and the retainer 45 and a pin insertion hole 51 provided in the input shaft 42 are formed. The elastic ring 52 is built in between,
Due to the elastic force of the elastic ring 52, the square shaft 53 of the output shaft 49 is held at the neutral position in the play X in the rotational direction with respect to the square hole 54.

The other parts are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

In the above structure, when the input shaft 42 rotates, the elastic ring 52 is deformed, and the input shaft 42 and the output shaft 49 are deformed.
Rotate relative to each other, and the retainer 45 moves the roller 47.
On the other hand, when there is no rotation difference between the input shaft 42 and the output shaft 49, the output shaft 49 is returned to the neutral position by the elasticity of the elastic ring 52, and the roller 47 is disengaged.

[0042]

As described above, the rotation transmission device of the present invention absorbs the rotation difference between the input shaft and the output shaft by utilizing the effects of the engagement and overrunning of the mechanical clutch.
Since the rotational force is switched between the output shaft and the outer ring in two directions, it can be provided with a center differential function by being incorporated in the drive path of the vehicle, and has the effect of realizing a direct connection type four-wheel drive with a simple structure.

Further, since the torque is transmitted by mechanical engagement by the engagement member, not by utilizing the rotation difference between the input and output, a large driving force can be efficiently transmitted even at low speed rotation. Can be.

Further, since the function of the mechanical clutch can be stopped or the state of direct connection between the input / output shaft and the outer ring can be obtained by operating the lock member, it is possible to switch to various driving states. There is an advantage that the traveling pattern can be freely selected according to the purpose of use and the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing a main part of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of attachment to the vehicle of the above.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line VII-VII in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8;

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 31, 41 Outer ring 2, 32, 42 Input shaft 3, 49 Output shaft 6 Shaft insertion hole 10 Torsion bar 13, 35 Lock member 14, 15 Cylindrical surface 16 Control retainer 17 Fixed retainer 20 Sprag 21 Elastic member 23, 50 pin 24, 51 pin insertion hole 45 retainer 47 roller 48 elastic member 52 elastic ring A rotation transmission device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-60-215427 (JP, A) JP-A-61-184128 (JP, A) JP-A-3-84222 (JP, A) JP-A-4- 176733 (JP, A) JP-A-64-14522 (JP, A) JP-A-63-186042 (JP, A) JP-A-2-129926 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B60K 23/00-23/08 B60K 17/28-17/36

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An engaging surface of an engaging element is formed on a facing surface of an outer ring and an input shaft rotatably inserted inside the outer ring, and the output shaft is rotated in a shaft insertion hole provided on a shaft core of the input shaft. The output shaft and the retainer incorporated between the outer ring and the input shaft are connected freely by a pin fitted into the pin hole of the input shaft with a clearance in the rotational direction, and provided on the retainer. The pocket incorporates an engaging element that engages with the engaging surface by the relative rotation of the input shaft and the retainer, and an elastic member that holds the engaging element at a position where the engaging element does not engage with the engaging surface. A holding member is provided between the shaft and the output shaft, the holding member elastically holding the two at a neutral position in the gap in the rotational direction, and a lock member engaging and disengaging from the input shaft and the output shaft to prevent the two from rotating. Rotation transmission device. 2. The rotation transmitting device according to claim 1, wherein a lock member for preventing rotation of both is incorporated between the input shaft and the outer ring.