JPH0426656B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention relates to an opening member for lighting in buildings, etc.
More specifically, the present invention relates to double-structure translucent roofs, top lights, ceiling materials, double-layer windows, external loopers, eaves, transparent tiles, window glasses, and the like.

[Prior Art] Among conventional lighting opening members, for example, regarding top lights, colored plates such as transparent plate blue smoke, templates, milk half plates are used on the outdoor roof,
A similar light-permeable board is also used on the indoor ceiling. These boards are suitable for not only visible light but also near infrared light,
It transmits most of the infrared radiation and absorbs some of it.

Therefore, in the summer, these boards absorb the radiant heat of the sun's rays, causing their own temperature to rise.Also, some of the energy of the transmitted light is absorbed by the indoor air and objects, which warms them and creates a new heat source. As a result, radiant heat is emitted, which not only adds to the cooling load when cooling the room, but also gives the occupants of the room an unpleasant sensation of hot flashes.

In the winter, the temperature rises only in the vicinity that receives this radiant heat, impairing the uniformity of the temperature throughout the room. This radiant heat also gives the indoor occupants a feeling of hot flush. Furthermore, the radiant heat needed to heat the room is lost to the outside.

[Purpose of the Invention] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art by reflecting most of the near-infrared and infrared rays of sunlight and transmitting visible rays with less radiant heat into the room. By reducing the heat absorption of the board,
It enhances the cooling effect in summer, improves the heating effect in winter by reflecting indoor heating heat, eliminates the thermal discomfort that is the fate of conventional lighting openings, and specularly reflects light from indoors, making it especially effective at night. In this case, the light emitted from indoor lighting equipment is reflected towards the room by the lighting opening member, and the difference in brightness between the part where the light is reflected and the other parts becomes large, causing the surface of the lighting opening member to glare. The purpose is to eliminate things that cause discomfort to residents.

[Structure of the Invention] In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors conducted intensive research and came up with the following invention.

That is, the present invention comprises a solar radiation shielding material that is composed of a solar reflective layer, an infrared reflective layer, and a transparent substrate, and is provided such that the solar reflective layer faces outdoors, and a diffusing material is provided through a space on the indoor side of the solar radiation shielding material. This invention relates to a light-transmitting aperture member.

A daylighting top light will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings as an example of a daylighting aperture member.

FIG. 1 shows the structure of the aperture member, which consists of a solar radiation shielding member and a diffusing material.

A solar shielding material is installed outdoors, forms part of the roof, faces directly to sunlight, and is a member that allows visible light to pass through but reflects infrared rays, and prevents heat rays from radiating into the room as much as possible.

In other words, such solar radiation shielding materials have second, third, fourth,
There is a configuration as shown in Figure 5.

The transparent substrate 1-1 is made of a transparent synthetic resin plate such as polycarbonate resin or acrylic resin, or transparent glass. 1-1 may be partially opaque (by coloring, pattern, etc.). The solar reflective layer is an aluminum vapor-deposited layer formed on one surface of a transparent film base material such as polyester film using a vacuum deposition method, and reflects more than 30% of solar radiant energy in the wavelength range of 0.4 to 2.1 micrometers. It is formed of a film 1-2 having a sunlight reflecting layer having a function of transmitting 5 to 50% of visible light (for example, Tetraite, manufactured by Oike Kogyo Co., Ltd.). This film may be sand-matted so that it retains transparency or translucency and eliminates metallic luster. The infrared reflective layer is a special metal layer formed by sputtering on one surface of a transparent base material such as polyester film, and reflects at least 50% of infrared rays in the infrared wavelength range of 5 to 15 micrometers, and reflects visible light. Films 1-3 that have an infrared reflective layer that has the function of transmitting light (for example, Teijin Co., Ltd.'s product name: Reftel, Toray Industries, Inc.'s product name: Lumisola, Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd.'s product name: Heat Mirror, etc.) ) is formed. The surface of this infrared reflective layer is made of an olefin-based transparent film such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or a film made by sand-matting this transparent film, which retains transparency and eliminates the metallic luster of the metal, and forms a protective layer of a sputtered special metal layer. has been done.

The solar radiation shielding material in FIG. 2 is made by bonding a functional film, that is, a film 1-2 with a solar reflective layer on the outdoor side, ie, the side facing sunlight, of a transparent substrate 1-1 using an adhesive, and A film 1-3 having an infrared reflective layer on the inside is bonded with an adhesive. Note that adhesive also includes adhesive.

As shown in the figure, the solar radiation shielding material in FIG. A film 1-3 having an infrared reflective layer is overlaid thereon and bonded with an adhesive.

In the solar radiation shielding material shown in FIG. 4, a functional film 1-4 is bonded to the indoor side of a transparent substrate 1-1 using an adhesive. Furthermore, one surface of the functional film 1-4, which faces the transparent substrate, is covered with a sunlight reflecting layer, and the other surface is covered with an infrared reflecting layer.

The solar radiation shielding material in FIG. 5 is a film 1 which has a metal thin film layer with a sunlight reflecting function and a metal thin film layer with an infrared reflecting function on the indoor side of a transparent substrate 1-1. 15 are bonded together using an adhesive. These reflective layers are the base materials 1-1.
It is also possible to directly process the material, or it may be further coated.

The metal thin film layer is made of, for example, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, palladium, or tin.
or formed from alloys of these, especially gold, silver,
Copper and alloys thereof are preferred. The term "alloy" as used herein includes those that coexist in the usual sense. The thickness of these films is 30 angstroms to 600 angstroms, preferably 50 angstroms to 300 angstroms. The method for forming these metal thin film layers 13 may be vacuum evaporation, cathode sputtering, plasma spraying, vapor phase plating, chemical plating, electroplating, or a combination thereof. be.
Alternatively, the metal thin film layer may be directly formed on the transparent substrate.

The metal thin film layer formed in this way is 0.4~
It reflects more than 30% of solar radiation energy in the 2.1 micrometer wavelength range and more than 50% in the infrared wavelength range of 5 to 15 micrometers.
An example is shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows changes in infrared reflectance, sunlight reflectance, and visible light transmittance due to changes in metal film thickness when silver is used as the metal. Furthermore, a high refractive index thin film layer as shown below may be laminated on at least one side of the metal thin film layer in order to further improve the infrared reflection performance. That is, materials such as titanium dioxide, titanium oxide, bismuth oxide, zinc sulfide, zirconium dioxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, and indium oxide can be used as the high refractive index thin film layer, and the film thickness is 50 to 600 angstroms. Preferably 120 to 400 angstroms, sputtering, ion plating, vacuum evaporation,
It can be formed by chemical coating or the like.

The protective layer is made of an acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate, a silicon resin such as a polymer obtained from ethyl silicate, an acrylonitrile resin such as polyacrylonitrile or polymethacrylonitrile,
It is made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester resin, melamine resin, silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, etc. It is formed by laminating each of the above-mentioned materials in the form of a film, or by applying a solution dissolved in a solvent.

The thickness of such a protective layer is a thickness that does not reduce the infrared reflection performance of the metal thin film layer, that is, a thickness that does not reduce the infrared reflection performance of the metal thin film layer, that is, the thickness
It is necessary to form it to 0.1 to 30 micrometers, preferably 15 micrometers or less. Such a protective layer ensures abrasion resistance for the metal thin film layer and weather resistance for the base material. Also,
A further scratching agent may be formed on the protective layer to a thickness of 5 micrometers or less.

The diffusion materials in Figure 1 are non-glare boards, pine boards,
This is a plate called a milk half plate in which the transmitted light contains diffused light components in addition to parallel light rays. The base material is selected from polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin plates, and glass plates.

On the other hand, when the total light transmittance, reflection absorption rate, parallel light transmittance, diffused light transmittance, and diffused light component ratio α are expressed in one diagram as shown in Figure 6, the non-glare polycarbonate resin plate is in the range A. The pine plates are distributed in the B range, and the milk and half plates are distributed in the C range.

Here, the diffused ray component ratio α is defined as follows.

α = Diffuse light transmittance/Total light transmittance In other words, the diffusing material is one in which α is 3% or more and total light transmittance is 30% or more. More preferably α
is 5% or more and the total light transmittance is preferably 70% or more and 95% or less.

The light transmitted through the above solar radiation shielding materials is near-infrared,
Although the infrared component is small, the main component is parallel rays, so when the sun is seen through a daylight opening, especially through a solar shading material, it is dazzling. I can't make it soft and bright. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, by transmitting the light through the diffusing material, the light can be diffused, making the entire room soft and bright. Also, when looking at the opening, especially the diffusing material, direct sunlight does not enter the eyes and is not dazzling. For this purpose, it is desirable that the light transmitted through the diffusing material be diffused so that α is large and the total light transmittance is large.

It should be noted that it is free to adopt a structure in which the diffusion material can be removed due to changes in habitability at that time. By separating the diffusion material and providing a space as shown in FIG. 7, the heat transmission coefficient of the entire opening member can be reduced. Furthermore, by ventilating the air layer 7 (air layer 7 and the outside or/and the ceiling, and air layer and the indoor air and/or the ceiling), the heat transfer coefficient can be further reduced.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention provides a lighting aperture member that combines a solar radiation shielding material having a solar ray reflecting layer and an infrared ray reflecting layer, a space, and a diffusing material, and provides: (1) protection against sunlight; (2) Reflects most of the near-infrared and infrared rays, increasing the cooling effect; (3) Infrared reflective layer and space enhance the insulation effect during heating. , (4) Demonstrates an excellent effect without causing discomfort due to hot flashes caused by radiant heat when standing under the opening member.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a partial sectional view of the lighting opening member of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the structure of the solar radiation shielding material.
For example, Fig. 3 is an example of a sectional view showing the structure of another solar radiation shielding material, Fig. 4 is an example of a sectional view showing the structure of yet another solar radiation shielding material, and Fig. 5 is an example of a sectional view showing the structure of yet another solar radiation shielding material. This is an example of a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the material, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing various transmittances, etc. FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example in which an air layer is provided. FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram. ...solar shielding material, ...diffusion plate, ...space, ...outdoor side, ...indoor side, ...sunlight.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A diffusing material is provided through a space on the indoor side of a solar radiation shielding material that is composed of a solar reflective layer, an infrared reflective layer, and a transparent substrate and is provided with the solar reflective layer facing outdoors. Translucent opening member for lighting. 2 Cover the outdoor side of the transparent substrate with a sunlight reflective layer,
The lighting opening member according to claim 1, which uses a solar radiation shielding material whose indoor side surface is covered with an infrared reflective layer. 3 Cover the indoor side of the transparent substrate with a solar reflective layer,
The lighting aperture member according to claim 1, which uses a solar radiation shielding material, further comprising an infrared reflective layer covering the solar radiation shielding material. 4. A solar radiation shielding material characterized in that the indoor side surface of a transparent substrate is covered with a film in which a solar reflective layer and an infrared reflective layer are processed on each side of the film, with the solar reflective layer facing the transparent substrate side. The lighting aperture member according to claim 1 was used. 5 Reflects at least 30% of solar radiant energy, reflects at least 50% of infrared rays, and reflects 50% of visible light.
2. A lighting aperture member according to claim 1, which uses a solar radiation shielding material, characterized in that a metal thin film layer that transmits less than 10% of the solar radiation is processed on the indoor side surface of a transparent substrate. 6. The lighting aperture member according to claim 1, which uses a diffusing material having a diffused light component ratio α of 3% or more and a total light transmittance of 30% or more.