JPH04231301A - Device for photolysis of water - Google Patents
Device for photolysis of waterInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04231301A JPH04231301A JP2408593A JP40859390A JPH04231301A JP H04231301 A JPH04231301 A JP H04231301A JP 2408593 A JP2408593 A JP 2408593A JP 40859390 A JP40859390 A JP 40859390A JP H04231301 A JPH04231301 A JP H04231301A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- reaction tube
- electrode
- oxygen
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、光を用いて水を水素と
酸素とに分解するための装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen using light.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】太陽光により水を分解して水素を得る技
術はエネルギー問題を解決する有力な手段として注目さ
れており、具体的には粉末光触媒を水中に分散させて水
を光分解したり、太陽電池で発電した電力で水を分解し
たりすることが提案されている。[Prior art] Technology to obtain hydrogen by decomposing water using sunlight is attracting attention as a powerful means of solving energy problems. It has been proposed to split water using electricity generated by solar cells.
【０００３】0003
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記粉末光触媒を使用
する従来の技術では、電気分解の結果発生する水素と酸
素とを効果的に分離することができない問題があった。
光電変換層を２つの電極で挟んだ構造の平板状太陽電池
で水を分解する場合も同様の問題があった。Problems to be Solved by the Invention The conventional technology using the powdered photocatalyst has a problem in that hydrogen and oxygen generated as a result of electrolysis cannot be effectively separated. A similar problem occurs when water is decomposed using a flat solar cell having a structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer is sandwiched between two electrodes.
【０００４】本発明は、分解の結果生成する水素と酸素
とを効果的に分離できる水の光分解装置を提供すること
を目的とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a water photolysis device that can effectively separate hydrogen and oxygen produced as a result of decomposition.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る水の光分解
装置は、光電変換層を２つの電極で挟んだ構造の太陽電
池を多孔質管状体の外周面に形成してなる反応筒の下端
を水中に浸漬し、該反応筒の上端を気体収集室に接続し
たものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] The water photolysis device according to the present invention consists of a reaction tube in which a solar cell having a structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer is sandwiched between two electrodes is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a porous tubular body. The lower end is immersed in water, and the upper end of the reaction column is connected to a gas collection chamber.
【０００６】反応筒の２つの電極のうち電位の高い陽極
については、陽極自体の腐食・酸化を防止するために、
この電極の構成材料として耐食・耐酸化性金属である白
金を採用する。[0006] Of the two electrodes in the reaction tube, the anode has a higher potential, and in order to prevent corrosion and oxidation of the anode itself,
Platinum, which is a corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant metal, is used as the constituent material of this electrode.
【０００７】[0007]
【作 用】光電変換層を内外の電極で挟んだ構造の太
陽電池は多孔質管状体によって確実に担持されるので、
太陽電池の大面積化が容易である。しかも、多孔質管状
体は水を通す。[Operation] Solar cells with a structure in which the photoelectric conversion layer is sandwiched between inner and outer electrodes are reliably supported by the porous tubular body.
It is easy to increase the area of solar cells. Moreover, the porous tubular body allows water to pass through.
【０００８】反応筒に光があたると、光電変換層の内部
に起電力が生じて内外電極間に電位差が生じ、水の中を
電流が流れる。この電流によって水が水素と酸素とに分
解される。外電極が陽極（酸素極）になり内電極が陰極
（水素極）になる向きに光電変換層が配置される場合は
、多孔質管状体の中心中空部を通して水素のみが気体収
集室に集められる。逆に内電極が陽極（酸素極）になり
外電極が陰極（水素極）になる向きに光電変換層が配置
される場合は気体収集室に酸素のみが集められる。ただ
し、両電極のうち電位の高い方の陽極は酸素極であるか
ら、陽極自体の腐食・酸化を防止するために陽極構成材
料として耐食・耐酸化性金属である白金を採用する。When light hits the reaction tube, an electromotive force is generated inside the photoelectric conversion layer, creating a potential difference between the inner and outer electrodes, and a current flows through the water. This current decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen. If the photoelectric conversion layer is arranged in such a way that the outer electrode becomes the anode (oxygen electrode) and the inner electrode becomes the cathode (hydrogen electrode), only hydrogen is collected into the gas collection chamber through the central hollow part of the porous tubular body. . Conversely, if the photoelectric conversion layer is arranged in such a way that the inner electrode becomes the anode (oxygen electrode) and the outer electrode becomes the cathode (hydrogen electrode), only oxygen is collected in the gas collection chamber. However, since the anode with the higher potential of the two electrodes is an oxygen electrode, platinum, which is a corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant metal, is used as the anode constituent material to prevent corrosion and oxidation of the anode itself.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施例を
説明する。Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
【００１０】図１は本発明の実施例に係る水の光分解装
置を側面から見た一部断面図であり、図２は図１中の反
応筒のＡ−Ａ拡大断面図である。FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a water photolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the reaction tube in FIG.
【００１１】図１に示すように容器１に電解質を含む水
２が満たされており、気体収集室２０から垂下する複数
の反応筒１０の下部が水２に浸漬されている。反応筒１
０の上下端はともに開口しており、下端開口を通して反
応筒１０の中に水２が侵入し、反応筒１０の上端が気体
収集室２０に連通している。As shown in FIG. 1, a container 1 is filled with water 2 containing an electrolyte, and the lower portions of a plurality of reaction tubes 10 hanging down from a gas collection chamber 20 are immersed in the water 2. Reaction tube 1
The upper and lower ends of the tube 0 are both open, and water 2 enters the reaction tube 10 through the lower end opening, and the upper end of the reaction tube 10 communicates with the gas collection chamber 20.
【００１２】図２に示すように反応筒１０は、光電変換
層１６を２つの電極１４，１８で挟んだ構造の太陽電池
を多孔質ポリエチレン管状体１２の外周面に形成してな
る。光電変換層１６は、例えば複数のｐｉｎ型アモルフ
ァスシリコン半導体層をタンデム接続したものであり、
ｐ型層を外側にする。両電極１４，１８は白金薄膜から
なり、透光性を有する。多孔質ポリエチレン管状体１２
は、やはり透光性を有するだけでなく水２を通す。As shown in FIG. 2, the reaction tube 10 is formed by forming a solar cell having a structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer 16 is sandwiched between two electrodes 14 and 18 on the outer peripheral surface of a porous polyethylene tubular body 12. The photoelectric conversion layer 16 is, for example, a plurality of pin-type amorphous silicon semiconductor layers connected in tandem,
Place the p-type layer on the outside. Both electrodes 14 and 18 are made of platinum thin films and have translucency. Porous polyethylene tubular body 12
is not only translucent but also allows water 2 to pass through.
【００１３】反応筒１０に光があたると、光電変換層１
６の内部に起電力が生じて内電極１４に対する外電極１
８の電位が正になる。したがって、外電極１８から水２
及び多孔質ポリエチレン管状体１２を経て内電極１４に
至る方向に電流が流れ、水２が電気分解される。この電
気分解によって内電極１４側に水素が、外電極１８側に
酸素がそれぞれ発生し、多孔質ポリエチレン管状体１２
の中心中空部を通して水素のみが気体収集室２０に集め
られる。この場合は内電極１４が陰極（水素極）であり
、外電極１８が陽極（酸素極）になっている。また、上
記実施例では複数の反応筒１０を設けているので太陽電
池の総面積が大きく、水素を効率良く収集することがで
きる。しかも、光電変換層１６として例えば複数のｐｉ
ｎ型アモルファスシリコン半導体層をタンデム接続した
ものを使用しているので、太陽電池の開放電圧が高く、
可視光でも水を分解できる。ただし、陽極（酸素極）で
ある外電極１８は酸化されやすいので、少なくとも外電
極１８には耐食・耐酸化性金属である白金を用いる。When light hits the reaction tube 10, the photoelectric conversion layer 1
An electromotive force is generated inside the outer electrode 1 against the inner electrode 14.
8 becomes positive. Therefore, water 2 from the outer electrode 18
A current flows through the porous polyethylene tubular body 12 to the inner electrode 14, and the water 2 is electrolyzed. Through this electrolysis, hydrogen is generated on the inner electrode 14 side and oxygen is generated on the outer electrode 18 side, and the porous polyethylene tubular body 12
Only hydrogen is collected into the gas collection chamber 20 through the central hollow part of the gas collection chamber 20. In this case, the inner electrode 14 is a cathode (hydrogen electrode), and the outer electrode 18 is an anode (oxygen electrode). Further, in the above embodiment, since a plurality of reaction tubes 10 are provided, the total area of the solar cell is large, and hydrogen can be collected efficiently. Moreover, as the photoelectric conversion layer 16, for example, a plurality of pi
Since it uses n-type amorphous silicon semiconductor layers connected in tandem, the open circuit voltage of the solar cell is high.
Visible light can also split water. However, since the outer electrode 18, which is an anode (oxygen electrode), is easily oxidized, at least the outer electrode 18 is made of platinum, which is a corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant metal.
【００１４】光電変換層１６のｐｉｎ積層方向を逆にす
ると、内電極１４が陽極（酸素極）になり、外電極１８
が陰極（水素極）になる。この場合には、気体収集室２
０に酸素のみが集められる。When the pin stacking direction of the photoelectric conversion layer 16 is reversed, the inner electrode 14 becomes an anode (oxygen electrode) and the outer electrode 18 becomes an anode (oxygen electrode).
becomes the cathode (hydrogen electrode). In this case, the gas collection chamber 2
Only oxygen is collected at 0.
【００１５】[0015]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明に係る水の光
分解装置は、光電変換層を２つの電極で挟んだ構造の太
陽電池を多孔質管状体の外周面に形成してなる反応筒の
下端を水中に浸漬し、該反応筒の上端を気体収集室に接
続したものであるので、反応筒に光があたると光電変換
層に起電力が生じて水の中を電流が流れ、この電流によ
って水が水素と酸素とに分解される。この際、内電極の
更に内側に気体収集室に通じる多孔質管状体が位置して
いるので、光電変換層の向きに応じて気体収集室に水素
のみ又は酸素のみを集めることができる。Effects of the Invention As explained above, the water photolysis device according to the present invention uses a reaction tube in which a solar cell having a structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer is sandwiched between two electrodes is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a porous tubular body. The lower end of the reaction tube is immersed in water, and the upper end of the reaction tube is connected to a gas collection chamber, so when light hits the reaction tube, an electromotive force is generated in the photoelectric conversion layer, causing a current to flow through the water. The electric current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. At this time, since a porous tubular body communicating with the gas collection chamber is located further inside the inner electrode, only hydrogen or only oxygen can be collected in the gas collection chamber depending on the orientation of the photoelectric conversion layer.
【００１６】特に反応筒の２つの電極のうち電位の高い
陽極を白金で構成すれば、陽極自体の腐食・酸化が防止
できて装置の寿命を伸ばすことができる。In particular, if the anode, which has a higher potential among the two electrodes of the reaction tube, is made of platinum, corrosion and oxidation of the anode itself can be prevented and the life of the apparatus can be extended.
【図１】本発明の実施例に係る水の光分解装置を側面か
ら見た一部断面図である。FIG. 1 is a partially sectional side view of a water photolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１中の反応筒のＡ−Ａ拡大断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the reaction tube in FIG. 1;
１…容器 ２…水 １０…反応筒 １２…多孔質ポリエチレン管状体 １４…内電極 １６…光電変換層 １８…外電極 ２０…気体収集室 1...Container 2...Water 10...Reaction tube 12...Porous polyethylene tubular body 14...Inner electrode 16...Photoelectric conversion layer 18...Outer electrode 20...Gas collection chamber
Claims (2)
の太陽電池を多孔質管状体の外周面に形成してなる反応
筒の下端を水中に浸漬し、前記反応筒の上端を気体収集
室に接続したことを特徴とする水の光分解装置。Claim 1: The lower end of a reaction tube, in which a solar cell having a structure in which a photoelectric conversion layer is sandwiched between two electrodes, is formed on the outer peripheral surface of a porous tubular body is immersed in water, and the upper end of the reaction tube is used to collect gas. A water photolysis device characterized in that it is connected to a chamber.
陽極が白金からなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の水
の光分解装置。2. The water photolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the anode having a higher potential among the two electrodes of the reaction tube is made of platinum.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2408593A JPH04231301A (en) | 1990-12-28 | 1990-12-28 | Device for photolysis of water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2408593A JPH04231301A (en) | 1990-12-28 | 1990-12-28 | Device for photolysis of water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04231301A true JPH04231301A (en) | 1992-08-20 |
Family
ID=18518029
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2408593A Pending JPH04231301A (en) | 1990-12-28 | 1990-12-28 | Device for photolysis of water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04231301A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007003157A2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-11 | Solartube Ag Ch | Device for converting solar power into electric power |
| WO2010140353A1 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-09 | パナソニック株式会社 | Photoelectrochemical cell |
| US8454807B2 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2013-06-04 | Panasonic Corporation | Photoelectrochemical cell |
-
1990
- 1990-12-28 JP JP2408593A patent/JPH04231301A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007003157A2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-11 | Solartube Ag Ch | Device for converting solar power into electric power |
| WO2007003157A3 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-03-29 | Solartube Ag Ch | Device for converting solar power into electric power |
| WO2010140353A1 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-09 | パナソニック株式会社 | Photoelectrochemical cell |
| US8454807B2 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2013-06-04 | Panasonic Corporation | Photoelectrochemical cell |
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