JPH04221549A - Surgical microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To rapidly and precisely adjust the angle of a mirror part of a surgical microscope to a desired value without separating an eye from eye piece. CONSTITUTION:At least two kinds of rough and micro adjustable angle changing parts for changing the angle of a mirror part 40 are provided, and a switch 39 for selecting either one of the rough and micro adjustable angle changing parts to which drive force from an adjusting handle 33 is transmitted, is also provided.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surgical microscope.

0002

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the development of surgical techniques and surgical tools, microsurgery has become more frequent. In microsurgery, a surgical microscope is used to observe the surgical site under magnification, as seen in ophthalmology and neurosurgery. Generally, surgical microscopes are
It consists of a microscope section for observation and a pedestal section for moving and holding the microscope section at a desired position and angle, and these microscope sections and pedestal sections are of various types depending on the content of the surgery. For example, in neurosurgery, it is required to change the observation direction frequently, so
There is a pedestal as shown in Japanese Patent No. 3168.

The microscope section angle changing mechanism described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-23168 will be explained below with reference to FIG. 1, 2 and 3 are single-shaft brake bearings with built-in electromagnetic locking and unlockable brake discs, which rotate when operating the switch 6 located on the adjustment handle 5 of the microscope 4. The shafts are arranged to rotate freely, and all these rotational movements are locked when the switch 6 is inactive. The single-axis brake bearing 1 is fixed to a pedestal base (not shown) placed on the floor of an operating room or the like, and is movable in horizontal and vertical directions by the pedestal base. Reference numeral 7 denotes an arm serving as a rotating shaft to which the single-shaft brake bearing 1 belongs, and is capable of rotating around a shaft 8. The single-shaft brake bearing 2 has an associated rotating shaft that is the shaft 8.
(in FIG. 4, the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper) is fixed to the arm 7, and an arm 10 constituting a parallelogram linkage mechanism 9 is fixed to its rotation axis.
0 is an angle α around the axis 11 perpendicular to the plane of the paper together with the other arms 12, 13, 14, 15 of the parallelogram linkage 9.
It is designed so that it can be rotated to change the Arms 10, 12 and 13 are always parallel to each other and arms 14 and 15 are always parallel to arm 7. The plane of the parallelogram linkage 9 rotates together with the arm 7 about an axis 8, such that the angle γ about the axis 8 is varied accordingly. The single-shaft brake bearing 3 is mounted on the arm 13 such that the associated rotation axis coincides with the direction of extension of the arm 13.
Further, a microscope 4 is fixed to the rotation axis of the microscope 4, and the microscope 4 is rotatable about the axis 16 so as to change an angle β. Therefore,
By manually operating the switch 6 of the adjustment handle 5, the three independent angles α, β, and γ of the microscope 4 can be freely adjusted with a slight force, and by putting the switch 6 in the inactive state, the microscope 4 can be adjusted. You can lock it at the adjusted angle and set it to the desired angle.

By the way, although it is not disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-23168, when the surgical site is deep, such as in neurosurgery, more accurate methods are required to prevent the field of view from being obstructed by the opening of the surgical site. Since angle adjustment is necessary, the microscope 4 has a built-in mechanism for finely adjusting the angle α.

FIG. 5 shows details of the fine adjustment mechanism inside the microscope 4 and will be described. 17 is a support arm fixed to the rotating shaft to which the single-shaft brake bearing 3 belongs; 18 is a housing of a fine adjustment mechanism rotatable around the shaft 26; 19 is inside the housing 18, and the shaft portion is the support arm 17; 20 is a rotary handle for fine adjustment; 21 is a first worm gear fixed to the shaft of the rotary handle 20 and rotatable around a shaft 22; 23 is a first worm wheel; meshing with the worm gear 21 and the shaft 2
25 is a second worm gear that is fixed to the shaft of the first worm wheel 23 and meshes with the second worm wheel 19, and has bearing parts for the shafts 22 and 24 (not shown). The gearbox is fixed to the housing 18. Furthermore, housing 1
8 also includes a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown). Further, 27 is a mirror unit fixed to the housing 18 and containing an observation optical system.

According to the above configuration, when the rotary handle 20 is rotated, its rotational motion is sequentially transmitted to the first worm gear 21, the first worm wheel 23, and the second worm gear 25, and integrally with the second worm wheel 19. The housing 18 is mounted on the axis 2 relative to the fixed support arm 17.
6, the angle of the mirror section 27 can be adjusted. Therefore, when the operator wants to adjust the angle α during surgery, he first holds the adjustment handle 5 and operates the switch 6 to unlock the single shaft brake bearings 1, 2, and 3, and then adjusts the approximate angle. The final angle can be fine-tuned by adjusting and then locking the adjusted angle by deactivating the switch 6 and further rotating the rotary handle 20.

[0007]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Incidentally, it is desired that the angle adjustment of the mirror body can be performed quickly in order to apply it to sudden measures during surgery, and at the same time, it is desirable for the surgeon to be able to adjust the angle of the mirror body while holding the surgical tools, etc. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to do it with one hand. For example, hemostasis in neurosurgery has a major impact on the success or failure of the surgery, so one must quickly manipulate the scope with one hand to find the area to stop the bleeding, and use the other hand to operate a bipolar device to stop the bleeding. .

However, in the conventional configuration, when adjusting the angle with one hand, it is necessary to roughly adjust the angle with the adjustment handle 5, then release the adjustment handle 5, and then make fine adjustments with the rotary handle 20. Needless to say, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive,
If the angle is adjusted frequently, the fatigue of the operator becomes very large. Furthermore, when changing the grip of the rotary handle 20, the operator must take his eyes off the eyepiece 28 of the microscope and check the position of the handle, which causes him to lose sight of the surgical field, which also takes time. Or, the eyes may experience a lot of fatigue due to changing the focus of the eyes. In addition, the handles that are operated during surgery are usually covered with sterilized caps, while other parts are not covered with caps and are unclean, so checking the handle position is essential to avoid touching unclean parts. It is.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention allows the mirror body to be accurately and quickly adjusted to a desired angle with only one hand without taking the eye off the eyepiece, thereby reducing fatigue of the operator. The objective is to provide a surgical microscope with improved operability.

0010

[Means for Solving the Problems] The surgical microscope according to the present invention is provided with at least two types of angle changing sections for coarse movement and fine movement for changing the angle of the mirror body, and these are operated from the same operation section. In order to do this, the operating section should be provided with a selection means for selecting the driving force from the operating section to be transmitted to one of the angle changing sections, or there should be only one type of angle changing section and the driving force from the operating section to the angle changing section should be transmitted to one of the angle changing sections. The present invention is characterized in that at least two types of transmission systems are provided, one for coarse movement and one for fine movement, and that the operating section is provided with a selection means for selecting one of the drive force transmission systems in order to operate them from the same operating section.

[0011]

[Operation] According to the above configuration, coarse movement and
Since both fine movements can be performed, the angle of the mirror body can be adjusted accurately and quickly with just one hand without taking your eyes off the eyepiece.

The present invention will be explained in detail below based on the illustrated embodiments.

[0013]

[Embodiments] First Embodiment A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 and will be described. This embodiment has the same structure and operation as the conventional example shown in FIG. 4 except for the vicinity of the mirror body, so a description thereof will be omitted. 29 is a support arm fixed to the rotating shaft to which the single-shaft brake bearing 3 belongs; 30 is a housing of a fine adjustment mechanism rotatable around the shaft 31; 32 is inside the housing 30, and the shaft portion is the support arm 29; 33 is an adjustment handle for fine and coarse adjustment; 34 is a second worm wheel fixed to the shaft of the adjustment handle 33;
The first worm gear rotatable around 5, 35 is the first worm gear
A first worm wheel 37 that meshes with the worm gear 34 and is rotatable around the shaft 36 is fixed to the shaft portion of the first worm wheel 35 and is connected to the second worm wheel 3
A gearbox (not shown) having bearing parts for shafts 35 and 36 is a second worm gear that meshes with the housing 30.
is fixed. Further, 38 is a single-shaft brake bearing similar to the conventional example, which is fixed to the housing 30, and whose rotating shaft is the shaft of the first worm gear 34 (shaft of the adjustment handle 33). When a switch 39 disposed on the handle 33 is operated, the shaft portion of the first worm gear 34 is locked to the housing 30, and can freely rotate when the switch 39 is not operated. Further, the switch 39 also has the functions of the switch 6 of the conventional example. It should be noted that a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown) is also built into the housing 30. Further, 40 is a mirror unit which is fixed to the housing 30 and has an observation optical system built therein.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, when the adjustment handle 33 is held and the switch 39 is operated with fingers, the single-shaft brake bearings 1, 2, and 3 are brought into the unlocked state; Since the shaft braking bearing 38 is locked and the first worm gear 34 is fixed, the second worm gear 37 is also fixed via the first worm wheel 35, so the mirror body 40, housing 30, and adjustment handle 33 are integrated. As a result, by swinging the adjustment handle 33, the angle α of the mirror body 40 can be roughly adjusted as in the conventional example. Next, when the switch 39 is set to the inoperable state, the single-shaft control bearings 1, 2, and 3 are locked at the adjusted angles, while the single-shaft brake bearing 38 is unlocked, so the adjustment handle 33 is moved to the shaft 35. , the rotational movement causes the first worm gear 34 and the first worm wheel 3 to rotate.
5. Since the information is transmitted to the second worm gear 37 in order, the second
Support arm 29 to which the worm wheel 32 is fixed
In contrast, the housing 30 is rotated around the shaft 31, thereby making it possible to finely adjust the angle α of the mirror body 40.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, since both coarse and fine movements can be performed from the same operation section, the angle of the mirror body 40 can be adjusted quickly and accurately with only one hand.
As a result, the operator's fatigue due to the upward and downward movements can be reduced and the operability is improved. Further, as is clear from the above-described configuration, this embodiment can be realized by only making small-scale improvements to the above-mentioned conventional example, so it also has the advantage of being economical.

Second Embodiment A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Similar to the first embodiment, this embodiment also has the same configuration and operation as the conventional example shown in FIG. 4 except for the mirror body, so a description thereof will be omitted. 41 is a support arm fixed to the rotating shaft to which the single-shaft brake bearing 3 belongs, 45 is a support shaft fixed to the support arm 41, and 42 is rotatably supported by the support shaft 45 and rotates around the shaft 43. A rotatable fine adjustment mechanism housing; 44 is a worm wheel fixed to the housing 42 and rotatably supported on a shaft 45, and rotatable around a shaft 43 in the same way as the housing 42; 46 is a support shaft 4;
5, a worm gear 47 meshes with the worm wheel 44 and is rotatably supported by the bearing member 46 around a shaft 48; An adjustment handle fixed to the shaft for fine and coarse movements; 50 a touch sensor type switch having the same function as the conventional switch 6 and disposed around the adjustment handle 49; 51 a housing. 42 and has a built-in observation optical system. Note that a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown) and the like are also built into the housing 42.

Since this embodiment is constructed as described above, when the switch 50 of the adjustment handle 49 is manually operated,
Since the single-axis brake bearings 1, 2, and 3 are in the unlocked state, by swinging the adjustment handle 49, the angle α of the mirror body portion 51 can be roughly adjusted as in the conventional example. At this time, the adjustment handle 49 is not rotated around the shaft 48. Next, when the switch 50 is deactivated, the single-shaft brake bearings 1, 2, 3 are locked at the adjusted angle, so that when the adjustment handle 49 is rotated about the axis 48,
A worm wheel 44 and a housing 42 integrally fixed thereto are rotated about a shaft 43 with respect to the support arm 41, thereby making it possible to finely adjust the angle α of the mirror body portion 51. In this way, coarse and fine adjustments can be made with just one hand.

In this embodiment, as mentioned above, the worm gear 4
In addition to making use of the anti-reversal property of 7, the angle change section is selected by changing the direction of motion of operating the adjustment handle 49, so it can be realized by simply adding simple mechanical parts to the conventional example, making it economical. It has the advantage of being targeted.

Third Embodiment A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Reference numeral 52 indicates a support arm which is fixed to a pedestal base (not shown) installed on the floor of an operating room or the like, and whose position in the horizontal and vertical directions can be changed by the cradle base, and 53 which is rotatable around an axis 54. A housing 55 is fixed to the housing 53 and is rotatable around a shaft 54 like the housing 53. An annular gear 56 has a toothed surface on the inner surface. A housing 56 is fixed to the support arm 52 and rotates around the shaft 54. A gear support 57 is rotatable around the shaft 54 with respect to the support arm 52 and the housing 57 and has a built-in means for selecting a power transmission system; Gears 59 and 60 are rotatably mounted around a shaft 53 and have tooth surfaces 58a and 58b in both housings 53 and 57, respectively, and their rotation shafts are pivotally mounted on a gear support 56. An intermediate gear 61 for transmitting power from one tooth surface 58a of the gear 58 to the annular gear 55 has its rotational support shaft connected to the housing 57,
A gear is rotatably mounted around a shaft 62, and has tooth surfaces 61a and 61b in both housings 53 and 57, respectively, and one tooth surface 61a meshes with the gear 55, and 63 has the other side of the gear 58 on the inner surface. A tooth surface 63 that can mesh with the tooth surface 58b of
a and the tooth surface 6 that can mesh with the other tooth surface 61b of the gear 61
3b independently and movable with respect to the housing 57 in a direction parallel to the line connecting the shafts 54 and 62 in a plane perpendicular to the shafts 54 and 62, and at one end of the movement, the tooth surface 6
3a is a frame formed to mesh with the tooth surface 58b of the gear 58, and the tooth surface 63b is formed to mesh with the tooth surface 61b of the gear 61 at the other moving end; 64 is a frame formed so that the frame 63 has a tendency to move toward one moving end 65 is a wire fixedly connected to the frame 63 at one end to apply force in a direction opposite to the biasing direction of the spring 64; An adjustment handle for fine and coarse movements fixed to the housing 57; 67 is the adjustment handle 6;
6 and is connected to the other end of the wire 65, and is configured to pull the wire in order to move the fixed frame 63 in the direction opposite to the biasing direction by the spring 64 by pushing it. By operating the switch 67, the tooth surface 63a or 63b of the frame body 63 becomes the tooth surface 58b of the gear 58.
Alternatively, it is determined whether the gear 61 meshes with the tooth surface 61b of the gear 61. Further, 68 is a mirror unit fixed to the housing 53 and incorporating an observation optical system. Note that the housing 53 also includes a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown).

Since this embodiment is constructed as described above, when the adjustment handle 66 is rotated around the shaft 54 with the tooth surface 63b of the frame 63 meshing with the tooth surface 61b of the gear 61, the gear 61 is in the locked state, the rotational movement of the adjustment handle 66 is directly transmitted to the housing 53, thereby making it possible to roughly adjust the angle α of the mirror body 68. Next, when the switch 67 is operated and the adjustment handle 66 is rotated around the shaft 54 with the tooth surface 63a of the frame 63 meshed with the tooth surface 58b of the gear 58, the rotational movement is caused by the rotation of the gears 58, 60. ,59,55
The housing 53 is rotated around the shaft 54 by being finally decelerated by the ratio of the number of teeth between the gear 58 and the gear 55, so that the angle α of the mirror body 68 can be finely adjusted. can. In this way, coarse and fine adjustments can be made with just one hand. In this embodiment, it is necessary to add a balancer mechanism or a friction mechanism to prevent the rotational moment due to the weight of the housing 53, mirror body 68, etc. around the shaft 54 from being transmitted to the adjustment handle 66.

As described above, this embodiment uses a common angle changing section for coarse movement and fine movement, and the driving force transmission characteristics from the adjustment handle 66 to the angle changing section are selected, so that the field of view can be adjusted. There is an advantage that the manner of movement can be made the same in both adjustments, and the manner in which the adjustment handle 66 is moved can also be made the same, resulting in further improved operability.

It should be noted that each of the embodiments described above relates to the angle adjustment in the α direction in the conventional example, but it goes without saying that it can also be applied to angle adjustment in other directions.

[0023]

Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the surgical microscope of the present invention, the mirror body can be accurately adjusted to a desired angle with only one hand without taking your eyes off the eyepiece, and as a result, the tilting and raising operations during surgery can be performed easily. It has important practical advantages in that it can reduce the fatigue of the operator and improve operability, and it can also reduce the burden on the patient by shortening the surgical time.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of essential parts of a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of essential parts of a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of essential parts of a third embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a conventional schematic diagram.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of essential parts of a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

29, 41, 52 Support arm 30, 42, 53, 57 Housing 31, 36
, 43, 48, 54, 62 Axis 32 2nd
Worm wheel 33, 49, 66 Adjustment handle 34 First worm gear 35 First worm wheel 37 Second worm gear 38 Single shaft braking bearing 39, 50, 67 Switch 40, 51, 68 Mirror body 44 Worm wheel 45 Support shaft 46 Bearing member 47 Worm gear 55 Annular gear 56 Gear supports 58, 61 Gears 59, 60 Intermediate gear 63 Frame 64 Spring 65 Wire

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A surgical microscope having an angle changing section for changing the angle of a mirror body section and an operating section, wherein the angle changing section is provided in at least two types for coarse movement and fine movement,
A surgical microscope characterized in that the operating section is provided with a selection means for selecting whether to transmit the driving force from the operating section to either the coarse movement angle changing section or the fine movement angle changing section. 2. A surgical microscope comprising: an angle changing section for changing the angle of a mirror body; an operating section; and a transmission section transmitting a driving force from the operating section to the angle changing section. The transmission section is provided with at least two types of transmission systems, one for coarse movement and one for fine movement, and the driving force from the operation section is transmitted to the operation section through either the transmission system for coarse movement or fine movement, and the angle changing section A surgical microscope characterized in that it is provided with a selection means for selecting whether to transmit information to the patient.