JP3181608B2 - Surgical microscope - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surgical microscope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the development of surgical techniques and surgical tools, fine surgeries, so-called microsurgery, have been frequently performed. As in microsurgery, as in the case of ophthalmology and neurosurgery, an operating microscope for enlarging and observing an operation site is used. Generally, an operating microscope is
The microscope section includes a microscope section for observation, and a gantry section for moving and holding the microscope section at a desired position and angle. These microscope sections and gantry sections are various in accordance with the contents of surgery. For example, in neurosurgery, it is necessary to frequently change the observation direction.
There is a gantry as shown in JP 23168.

The mechanism for changing the angle of the microscope section described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-23168 will be described below with reference to FIG. 1, 2 and 3 are single-axis brake bearings having a built-in electromagnetic lock and an unlockable brake disk, which are operated when a switch 6 arranged on an adjustment handle 5 of the microscope 4 is operated. The shaft is free to rotate, and is configured to lock these rotational movements when the switch 6 is inactive. The single-axis braking bearing 1 is fixed to a gantry base (not shown) arranged on the floor of an operating room or the like, and the gantry base can move the horizontal and vertical positions. Reference numeral 7 denotes an arm serving as a rotating shaft to which the single-axis braking bearing 1 belongs, which can rotate around a shaft 8. The single-shaft braking bearing 2 has a rotating shaft
The arm 10 is fixed to the arm 7 in a direction perpendicular to the drawing (in FIG. 4, the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 4).
0 is an angle α about an axis 11 perpendicular to the paper surface together with the other arms 12, 13, 14, 15 of the parallelogram link mechanism 9.
Can be turned so as to change. Arms 10, 12 and 13 are always parallel to each other, and arms 14 and 15 are always parallel to arm 7. The plane of the parallelogram linkage 9 rotates about the axis 8 with the arm 7 so that the angle γ about the axis 8 can be changed accordingly. The single-shaft braking bearing 3 is mounted on the arm 13 such that the rotation axis of the
, And a microscope 4 is fixed to a rotation axis thereof, and the microscope 4 can rotate so as to change an angle β about an axis 16. Therefore,
By operating the switch 6 of the adjustment handle 5 by hand, three independent angles α, β, γ of the microscope 4 can be freely adjusted with a small force, and the microscope 4 can be adjusted by deactivating the switch 6. The desired angle can be set by locking at the adjusted angle.

[0004] By the way, although not disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-23168, when the operative site is deep as in the case of neurosurgery, a more accurate operation is performed so that the visual field is not obstructed by the operative opening. Since the angle adjustment is required, the microscope 4 has a built-in fine movement adjustment mechanism for the angle α.

FIG. 5 shows the details of the fine movement adjusting mechanism inside the microscope 4. Reference numeral 17 denotes a support arm fixed to the rotation shaft belonging to the single-axis braking bearing 3, reference numeral 18 denotes a housing of a fine adjustment mechanism rotatable around a shaft 26, reference numeral 19 denotes a housing within the housing 18, and a shaft portion is provided by the support arm 17. , A rotary handle for fine adjustment, 21 a first worm gear fixed to the shaft of the rotary handle 20 and rotatable around a shaft 22, and 23 a first worm gear. Shaft 2 meshing with worm gear 21
A first worm wheel 25 rotatable around 4 is a second worm gear fixed to the shaft portion of the first worm wheel 23 and meshing with the second worm wheel 19, and has a bearing portion for the shafts 22 and 24 (not shown). The gearbox is fixed to the housing 18. Note that a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown) is also built in the housing 18. Reference numeral 27 denotes a mirror body fixed to the housing 18 and having a built-in observation optical system.

According to the above configuration, when the rotary handle 20 is rotated, the rotational motion is transmitted to the first worm gear 21, the first worm wheel 23, and the second worm gear 25 in this order, and is integrated with the second worm wheel 19. The housing 18 is fixed to the supporting arm 17
6, the angle of the mirror portion 27 can be adjusted. Therefore, when the operator adjusts the angle α during the operation, first, the single-axis brake bearings 1, 2, and 3 are unlocked by holding the adjustment handle 5 and operating the switch 6 to set the approximate angle. After adjustment, the switch 6 is deactivated and locked at the adjusted angle, and the rotating handle 20 can be further rotated to finely adjust the final angle.

[0007]

By the way, it is desired that the angle adjustment of the mirror body portion can be performed promptly so as to be applied to a sudden coping during the operation, and at the same time, the operator holds an operating tool and the like. Therefore, it is hoped that it can be performed with one hand. For example, hemostatic work in neurosurgery has a major effect on the quality of surgery, so it is necessary to quickly operate the mirror with one hand to find the hemostatic site and operate the bipolar etc. with the other hand to stop the blood. .

However, in the configuration as in the conventional example, when performing the angle adjustment with one hand, after roughly adjusting the angle with the adjustment handle 5, once release the hand from the adjustment handle 5, fine adjustment with the rotary handle 20 must be performed. Of course, it takes time and effort,
If the angle is adjusted frequently, the operator's fatigue will be very large. In addition, the operator has to take his / her eyes off the eyepiece 28 of the microscope to confirm the handle position during the switching operation of the rotating handle 20, so that the operator loses sight of the operation field, which also requires time. Eye fatigue to change the focus of the eyes. Also, the handles that are operated during surgery are usually covered with a disinfected cap, while the other parts are not covered with the cap and are dirty, so it is essential to confirm the handle position to prevent touching the dirty parts. It is.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention can accurately and promptly adjust a mirror body to a desired angle with only one hand without keeping an eye on an eyepiece, thereby reducing operator fatigue. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surgical microscope with improved operability.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An operating microscope according to the present invention comprises a mirror for optical observation and a mirror mounted on the mirror.
The operating handle and the operating body
The angle of the mirror body by moving it integrally with the
A first angle changing unit for coarsely changing the operation hand, and the operation hand
Moving the tool relative to the mirror
Second angle changing unit for finely changing the angle of the mirror unit
And further comprising:
Operating force of the operating handle to the operating handle;
Selectively adding to the angle changing unit or the second angle changing unit
It is more preferable to provide a selecting means for
It becomes something.

[0011]

According to the above configuration, the coarse operation,
Since both fine movement operations can be performed, the angle of the mirror body can be accurately and promptly adjusted with only one hand without keeping an eye on the eyepiece.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

[0013]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION shows a first embodiment of the present invention in a first embodiment Figure 1. This embodiment has the same configuration and operation as those of the conventional example shown in FIG. Reference numeral 29 denotes a support arm fixed to the rotation shaft to which the single-axis braking bearing 3 belongs, reference numeral 30 denotes a housing of a fine movement adjustment mechanism rotatable around a shaft 31, reference numeral 32 denotes a support arm 29 in the housing 30 and a shaft portion. A worm wheel 33 fixed to the first worm gear 33 for performing fine adjustment and coarse adjustment, and a first worm gear 35 fixed to a shaft portion of the adjustment handle 33 and rotatable around a shaft 35. Is a first worm wheel that meshes with the first worm gear 34 and is rotatable about a shaft 36; 37 is a second worm gear that is fixed to the shaft of the first worm wheel 35 and meshes with the second worm wheel 32; , 36
The gear box (not shown) having the bearing portion of the housing 3
It is fixed to 0. Reference numeral 38 denotes a single-axis braking bearing similar to the conventional example, which is fixed to the housing 30, and the associated rotating shaft is the shaft of the first worm gear 34 (the shaft of the adjustment handle 33). When the switch 39 disposed on the handle 33 is operated, the shaft of the first worm gear 34 is locked with respect to the housing 30, and can be freely rotated when the switch 39 is not operated. Further, the switch 39 also has the function of the switch 6 of the conventional example. The housing 30 also incorporates a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown). Reference numeral 40 denotes a mirror unit fixed to the housing 30 and having a built-in observation optical system.

In this embodiment, when the adjustment handle 33 is held and the switch 39 is operated by a finger, the single-axis braking bearings 1, 2, and 3 are unlocked. Since the shaft braking bearing 38 is locked and the first worm gear 34 is fixed, and thus the second worm gear 37 is also fixed via the first worm wheel 35, the mirror body 40, the housing 30, and the adjustment handle 33 are integrated. As a result, by swinging the adjustment handle 33, it is possible to roughly adjust the angle α of the mirror unit 40 as in the conventional example. Next, when the switch 39 is deactivated, the single-axis control bearings 1, 2, and 3 are locked at the adjusted angle, but the single-axis brake bearing 38 is unlocked. Around the first worm gear 34, the first worm wheel 3
5, which is sequentially transmitted to the second worm gear 37,
Support arm 29 to which worm wheel 32 is fixed
The housing 30 is rotated about the shaft 31 with respect to, so that fine adjustment of the angle α of the mirror body 40 can be performed.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, both coarse and fine operations can be performed from the same operation unit, so that the angle of the mirror unit 40 can be quickly and accurately adjusted with only one hand.
As a result, fatigue caused by the operator's raising operation can be reduced and operability is improved. Further, as is apparent from the above-described configuration, this embodiment can be realized only by making small-scale improvements to the above-described conventional example, and thus has the advantage of being economical.

Second Embodiment FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Like the first embodiment, this embodiment has the same configuration and operation as those of the conventional example shown in FIG. 4 except for the mirror portion, and thus the description thereof is omitted. Reference numeral 41 denotes a support arm fixed to the rotation shaft to which the single-axis braking bearing 3 belongs, reference numeral 45 denotes a support shaft fixed to the support arm 41, and reference numeral 42 denotes a support shaft 45 rotatably supported around the shaft 43. A housing 44 of the rotatable fine adjustment mechanism is fixed to the housing 42 and is rotatably supported on a shaft 45 so that the worm wheel, which is rotatable about the shaft 43 similarly to the housing 42, is further mounted on the support shaft 45. A fixed bearing member 47 is a worm gear meshing with the worm wheel 44 and rotatably supported by the bearing member 46 about a shaft 48, and 49 is a shaft portion of the worm gear 47 in the extension direction of the rotation shaft 48 of the worm gear 44. The adjustment handle 50 for performing fine movement and coarse movement fixed to the switch has the same function as that of the switch 6 of the above-described conventional example. Arranged touch sensor type switch around, 51 is a mirror section with a built-in and observation optical system fixed to the housing 42. Note that a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown) and the like are also built in the housing 42.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, when the switch 50 of the adjustment handle 49 is manually operated, the single-axis braking bearings 1, 2, and 3 are unlocked. By moving, the angle α of the mirror portion 51 can be roughly adjusted as in the conventional example. At this time, the adjustment handle 49 is not rotated around the axis 48. Next, when the switch 50 is turned off,
Since the single-axis braking bearings 1, 2, and 3 are locked at the adjusted angles, if the adjustment handle 49 is rotated around the axis 48, the worm wheel 44 and the worm wheel 44 are integrally fixed to the support arm 41. The housing 42 is rotated about a shaft 43, so that fine adjustment of the angle α of the lens body 51 can be performed. Thus, coarse movement and fine movement can be adjusted with only one hand.

In this embodiment, as described above, the worm gear 4
7, the angle change portion is selected by changing the movement direction of operating the adjustment handle 49, so that it can be realized only by adding simple mechanical parts to the conventional example. It has the advantage of being targeted.

Third Embodiment FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 52 denotes a support arm fixed to a gantry base (not shown) installed on the floor of an operating room or the like so that the position in the horizontal and vertical directions can be changed by the gantry base. A housing 55 is an annular gear fixed to the housing 53 and having a tooth surface on the inner surface rotatable about a shaft 54 similarly to the housing 53, and 56 is fixed to the support arm 52 and a rotating support shaft of the housing 53. The gear support 57 also serves as a housing rotatable around the shaft 54 with respect to the support arm 52 and the housing 57 and incorporates means for selecting a power transmission system. Gears rotatably mounted about a shaft 53 and having tooth surfaces 58a and 58b in the two housings 53 and 57, respectively, and their rotation shafts are gears. Intermediate gear for the power from being pivotally connected to the support 56 while the tooth surface 58a of the gear 58 is transmitted to the ring gear 55, 61 to the rotation support shaft housing 57,
A gear rotatably mounted about a shaft 62 and having tooth surfaces 61a and 61b in both housings 53 and 57 and having one tooth surface 61a meshed with the gear 55, 63 is the other surface of the gear 58 on the inner surface. Tooth surface 63 that can mesh with tooth surface 58b
a and the tooth surface 6 that can mesh with the other tooth surface 61b of the gear 61
3b and the shaft 54 with respect to the housing 57
Is movable in a direction parallel to a line connecting the shaft 54 and the shaft 62 in a plane perpendicular to the shaft 62 and the tooth surface 63a meshes with the tooth surface 58b of the gear 58 at one of its moving ends and the other moving end. A frame body 64 formed so that the tooth surface 63b meshes with the tooth surface 61b of the gear 61. A frame 64 is stretched between the housing 57 and the frame body 63 so as to give the frame body 63 a movement habit to one moving end side. The spring 65 is a wire whose one end is fixedly connected to the frame 63 so as to apply a force in a direction opposite to the biasing direction of the spring 64, and 66 is an adjustment for performing fine movement and coarse movement fixed to the housing 57. The handle 67 is disposed on the adjustment handle 66 and is connected to the other end of the wire 65 so as to push the wire to pull the wire to move the fixed frame 63 in the direction opposite to the biasing direction of the spring 64. Switch There, the tooth surface 5 of the tooth surface 63a or 63b of the frame 63 by the operation of the switch 67 is a gear 58
8b or the tooth surface 61b of the gear 61 is determined. Reference numeral 68 denotes a mirror body fixed to the housing 53 and having a built-in observation optical system. Note that a microscope focusing mechanism (not shown) and the like are also built in the housing 53.

Since the present embodiment is constructed as described above, when the adjustment handle 66 is rotated about the shaft 54 while the tooth surface 63b of the frame 63 is engaged with the tooth surface 61b of the gear 61, the gear Since the lock 61 is in the locked state, the rotational movement of the adjustment handle 66 is transmitted to the housing 53 as it is, so that the angle α of the mirror section 68 can be roughly adjusted. Next, when the switch 67 is operated to rotate the adjustment handle 66 around the shaft 54 in a state where the tooth surface 63a of the frame 63 is meshed with the tooth surface 58b of the gear 58, the rotational motion is changed to the gears 58 and 60. , 59,5
5, the housing 53 is finally decelerated by the ratio of the number of teeth of the gear 58 and the gear 55, and the housing 53 is rotated around the shaft 54, whereby fine adjustment of the angle α of the lens body 68 is performed. Can be. Thus, coarse movement and fine movement can be adjusted with only one hand. In this embodiment, it is necessary to add a balancer mechanism or a friction mechanism in order to prevent the rotational moment due to its own weight around the shaft 54 such as the housing 53 and the mirror body 68 from being transmitted to the adjustment handle 66.

In this embodiment, as described above, a common angle changing unit is used for coarse movement and fine movement, and the driving force transmission characteristic from the adjustment handle 66 to the angle changing unit is selected. The moving state can be made the same in both adjustments, and the adjustment handle 66 can be moved in the same way. As a result, there is an advantage that the operability is further improved.

Each of the above embodiments relates to the angle adjustment in the α direction in the conventional example, but it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to the angle adjustment in other directions.

[0023]

As described above, according to the surgical microscope of the present invention, it is possible to precisely adjust the mirror body to a desired angle with only one hand without taking an eye from the eyepiece, and as a result, the operation during the operation during the operation In addition to reducing the operator's fatigue due to the above, the operability is improved, and the burden on the patient himself can be reduced by shortening the operation time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a main part of a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a main part of a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part of a third embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a related art.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a main part of a conventional example.

[Description of Signs] 29, 41, 52 Support arm 30, 42, 53, 57 Housing 31, 36, 43, 48, 54, 62 Shaft 32 Second worm wheel 33, 49, 66 Adjustment handle 34 First worm gear 35 First 1 worm wheel 37 second worm gear 38 single shaft braking bearing 39, 50, 67 switch 40, 51, 68 mirror unit 44 worm wheel 45 support shaft 46 bearing member 47 worm gear 55 annular gear 56 gear support 58, 61 gear 59, 60 Intermediate gear 63 Frame 64 Spring 65 Wire

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-104349 (JP, A) JP-A 61-123297 (JP, U) JP-A 58-24004 (JP, U) JP-A 59-123 145907 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A61B 19/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A mirror for optical observation, and said mirror
The operation handle attached to the
The mirror body is moved integrally with the mirror body section.
A first angle changing section for coarsely changing the angle of the section;
Operation handle relative to the mirror
A second angle for slightly changing the angle of the mirror body by
A surgical microscope comprising a degree changing unit . 2. The operation handle according to claim 2, wherein
The driving force is changed by the first angle changing unit or the second angle changing unit.
A selection means for selectively adding
The surgical microscope according to claim 1, wherein: