JPH04209239A - Sheet waterproofing work - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise workability by a method in which one end of a waterproof sheet formed by laminating asphalt on nonwoven fabric is fixed to base through a presser part by couplers, and one end of the adjacent sheet is placed to cover the couplers. CONSTITUTION:A polyester fiber nonwoven fabric of a unit weight of 50-400kg/m<2> is impregnated and laminated with a given polymer-reformed asphalt. No.5 quartz sand is bonded to the upside of the asphalt layer and a polyethylene film is laminated on the downside to form a waterproof sheet 1. The ends of each of the sheets 4 are lapped in line and metal or plastic round presser parts 3 of a diameter of 20-60mm are placed piercingly on the holes of a waterproof base by turning downwards the left-side lap and also by turning upwards the right-side lap for fixing them. Operating efficiency can thus be greatly raised.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a waterproofing method for rooftops, roofs, balconies, bathrooms, basements, etc. of buildings such as concrete buildings. For details, use an asphalt-based tarpaulin sheet for waterproofing in areas that require waterproofing (referred to as "waterproof base").
This relates to a waterproofing method in which the sheets are fixed to each other with a locking member and the sheets are joined together by fusing or gluing.

[Prior art] A waterproofing method (referred to as "sheet waterproofing method") in which a waterproof sheet made by laminating polymer-modified asphalt on a reinforcing cloth is laid on a waterproof base as a waterproof layer (referred to as "sheet waterproofing method") includes a method of adhesion to the waterproof base. (1) Thermal construction method using hot-melted polymer-modified asphalt; ■ Adhesion method using adhesive; G3) Torch method in which waterproof sheets are melted and bonded by heating with a torch; and (2) Adhesive bonding using a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Construction methods are known.

All of these methods involve adhesion of the waterproof sheet to the entire surface of the waterproof base, and the work is complicated and requires many manual labor, requiring a considerable amount of experience and skill, and the work efficiency is extremely low. In addition, in this construction method, if the waterproof base is wet, sufficient adhesion will not occur, and gases such as water vapor generated from the base will cause the waterproof sheet to bulge, accelerating deterioration of the area and shortening the waterproof life. There is a problem that becomes shorter. For this reason, it is necessary to adhere the waterproof sheet to the waterproof base when it is completely dry, which often results in a significant disruption to the waterproofing construction plan, prolonging the construction period, and increasing costs.

In order to improve the shortcomings of these close-contact construction methods, insulation construction methods have recently been used in which the waterproof sheet is partially fixed to the waterproof base without being in close contact with it. For example, a waterproof sheet made by laminating sheets mainly composed of chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene on polyester woven fabric or canvas cloth, or a waterproof sheet made of polyvinyl chloride resin and fixed to a waterproof base with nails. It is being done.

In this construction method, the parts fixed with nails are easily torn, and the waterproof sheet used in this construction method needs to have sufficient tensile strength and tear strength to withstand the tearing force.

``Since the main component of waterproof sheets such as chlorinated polyethylene has high tensile strength and tear strength, they can be fixed with nails either as a single sheet or as an auxiliary sheet with a laminated sheet of coarse mesh polyester woven fabric. is possible.

However, waterproof sheets made of sheets mainly composed of chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene laminated onto polyester woven fabric or canvas cloth, or made of polyvinyl chloride resin, are expensive, and due to their high cost, they are not very thick. It has drawbacks such as being easily blown away by the wind because it cannot be made thicker, and the heat fusing temperature is high.

On the other hand, asphalt-based waterproof sheets have asphalt as their main component, and even though they are modified with polymers, their tensile strength and tear strength are much lower than those of the resins mentioned above, so if they are not supported by reinforcing fabric, the sheet will not work properly. It can't even keep its shape. For this reason, the sheet is usually reinforced by laminating polyester-based or glass-based non-woven or woven fabric as a reinforcing fabric, but the effect is only to maintain the shape of the waterproof sheet, and it cannot be fixed with nails. Conventionally, it was thought that it could not be implemented because it still lacks strength.

The reason for this is that the method of fixing with nails is not suitable for asphalt-based sheets, and the tensile strength of the above-mentioned reinforcing fabric can be increased by increasing its area weight, but the tear strength cannot be increased too much. This is because non-woven fabrics have a strong tendency to do so. - As an example, the relationship between the basis weight and tear strength of a polyester nonwoven fabric is shown in the table below, and the tear strength does not increase by increasing only the basis weight.

Product name Area weight Tensile strength (Kgf) Tear strength (Kg
f) (g/m2) Vertical direction Horizontal direction Vertical direction Horizontal direction 4050P 62 15 10 2.5
3゜54080P 83 20 15
3.0 3.54124FB 120 30
20 9.0 7.57157P 15
5 50 40 1.5 1.54241
P 240 80 55 8.0 9.
0 [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] A sheet mainly composed of chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene used in an insulation construction method in which a waterproof sheet is partially fixed without adhering to a waterproof base is made of polyester woven fabric or Waterproof sheets made of sackcloth laminated or made of polyvinyl chloride resin are expensive, and because they are expensive, they cannot be made very thick, so they are easily blown away by the wind, and have high heat-fusion temperatures. There is.

On the other hand, asphalt-based waterproof sheets are inexpensive because they contain asphalt as their main component, but they do not have sufficient strength, and even if they are laminated with polyester or glass-based nonwoven or woven fabrics as reinforcing fabrics, they still lack strength. Yes, it had not been used.

The present invention aims to solve the above jIF problem and provide a sheet waterproofing method using an insulation construction method using an asphalt-based waterproof sheet.

[Means to solve the problem] Asphalt-based waterproof sorting does not require skill and is not efficient, but instead requires skill and is highly efficient, and does not blister even if the waterproof base is slightly wet. As a result of studying insulation construction methods that do not cause this problem, we found that even if a waterproof sheet made of non-woven fabric is laminated with asphalt, sufficient strength can be obtained by anchoring it to the waterproof base using a specific method using the anchoring member. The inventors discovered that even greater strength can be obtained by using polymer-modified asphalt and locking with a locking member via a holding member, and have completed the sheet waterproofing method of the present invention.

The first aspect of the present invention is to attach one end of a waterproof sheet made by laminating asphalt to a nonwoven fabric,
The waterproof sheet is fixed to the waterproof base using a locking member for fixing it to the waterproof base, one end of another adjacent waterproof sheet is laminated so as to cover the locking member, and the laminated surfaces of the sheets are This is a sheet waterproofing method characterized by the fact that it consists of joining.

The second invention of the present invention is.

The sheet waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the asphalt is made of polymer-modified asphalt.

The third aspect of the present invention is that the nonwoven fabric is made of polyester fiber and has a basis weight of 50 g/
r1! This is the 7-t waterproofing method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the water content is in the range of from 400 g/m2 to 400 g/m2.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is the sheet waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fixing method using the locking member is a method of locking via a pressing member.

The fifth aspect of the present invention is that the holding member is made of metal or plastic, and is circular or rectangular with a diameter or side length of 20 m to 60 m, or a short side length of 20 m to 60 m. The sheet waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sheet has a certain rectangular shape.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is the sheet waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the joining method is adhesion by heat fusion.

The main features of the present invention are that waterproofing can be carried out by an insulation method using an inexpensive asphalt-based waterproof sheet, that the workability of the construction is good, and that no blistering occurs. Fixing with a locking member may impede the workability of construction.Since it is insulated from the waterproof base without being in close contact with it, gases generated from the waterproof base will be dispersed throughout and may cause blistering. do not have. In addition, asphalt-based waterproof sheets,
The material is cheaper than the above-mentioned waterproof sheet made of chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene laminated on polyester woven fabric or canvas cloth, or the waterproof sheet made of polyvinyl chloride resin. Therefore, the thickness of the tarpaulin sheet can be increased, which increases the waterproofing effect, it is heavy and difficult to blow away in the wind, and people can walk on it. It also has the characteristics of being easy to bond to each other due to its low crimping load.

The asphalt used in the present invention may be petroleum-based or coal-based asphalt, but petroleum-based asphalt is preferred. As the petroleum-based asphalt, either straight asphalt or blown asphalt can be used, but straight asphalt is preferable.

Further, the asphalt used in the present invention is preferably asphalt modified with a polymer. Examples of polymer-modified asphalt include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-acrylic ester copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylic ester copolymer, and ethylene-propylene per 100 parts by weight of petroleum asphalt. copolymer, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-butene-diene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polychloroprene, 1 to 200 parts by weight of polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutyne, butyl rubber, natural rubber, petroleum resin, rosin, rosinester, atactic polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene, wax, etc. alone or in combination of two or more, preferably 1 to 200 parts by weight. Examples include those obtained by uniformly mixing and dissolving 4 to 150 parts by weight.

The waterproof sheet used in the present invention is a laminated sheet in which asphalt is laminated on a nonwoven fabric.

The nonwoven fabric used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be one in which polyester fibers are fixed by needle punching, a polymer binder, or heat fusion. The basis weight of these nonwoven fabrics is 50g/m2 to 4
00g/TI, preferably 70g/TI.
m2 to 300 g/m2. Weight is 50g
If it is lower than /+/, the needle tear strength will be insufficient when the waterproof sheet is fixed with nails, which are one of the locking members. On the contrary, 400
If it exceeds g/m2, the tarpaulin becomes too stiff and difficult to install.

Here, the needle tear strength refers to the practical strength when the waterproof sheet is fixed with nails, and the waterproof sheet is cut into a rectangular shape and is fixed at a point 2.5cm from one end with a nail of diameter 5■■, and the other end is It is expressed as the strength when pulled at a speed of 100 cm - 7 minutes using a tensile tester, and mechanically indicates the tear strength with a nail.

The present invention was made based on the discovery that even an asphalt-based waterproof sheet can be used for practical purposes if an asphalt-based waterproof sheet with high needle tear strength is used. Needle tear strength is a strength that is independent of the tear strength that was conventionally used to evaluate strength, and this is due to the fact that we found a correlation that even if the normal tear strength is low, it becomes high depending on the area weight. For example, the basis weight of the heat fusion type is 9.
The longitudinal tear strength of 8g// polyester nonwoven fabric is 2
．． Although it is small at 0 kgf and is often thought to be insufficient for insulation construction methods, its needle tear strength is high at 14 kgf. Furthermore, when nails are driven through the holding member, the needle tear strength of the asphalt-based waterproof sheet is further improved, and it becomes strong enough to withstand the insulation construction method of fixing with nails. Moreover, when the asphalt-based waterproof sheet, which is made by impregnating the nonwoven fabric with polymer-modified asphalt, is fixed with nails through a circular holding member with a diameter of 40-n, the weight increases to 38 kgf and is sufficiently safe.

Although the laminated structure of the waterproof sheet formed by laminating asphalt on a nonwoven fabric used in the present invention is not particularly limited,
For example, the top layer is a layer of asphalt with silica sand or flat crushed stone adhered to it, the second layer is a layer made of polyester nonwoven fabric, the third layer is asphalt, and the fourth layer is the bottom layer. It may also have a polyolefin film for prevention. The second layer of polyester nonwoven fabric is impregnated with the top layer and the third layer of asphalt. The top layer and third layer of asphalt may be of the same quality or of different materials. The bottom polyolefin film may have slits, perforations of various shapes and sizes, or may be an untreated film. The total thickness of the waterproof sheet is 1.0M to 10.0mm, preferably 1.5mm.
1 to 8. It is OR. The unit weight of such a structured and thick tarpaulin sheet is from 1.2kg// to 12,000kg
/+/ has a relatively heavy feel, and has the characteristic of not being easily blown away by the wind.

The mooring member used in the present invention consists of a head with a certain area, a part that penetrates the waterproof sheet, and a part that anchors to the waterproof base, and specifically includes nails, bolts, screw bolts, bolts with plugs, or expander bolts. etc. (sometimes simply called a nail).

The holding member used in the present invention is a member that increases the head area of the locking member, protects it from impact when driving the locking member into the surface of the waterproof sheet, and also ensures secure fixation.

The holding member is usually made of metal or plastic and is a circular or square plate with a diameter or side length of 20 fl to 60 fl, or a rectangular plate with a short side length of 20 wm to 60 fl, and the locking member is penetrated in advance. It is preferable that the hole be made in such a manner that the If the diameter, negative side or short side length of the holding member is shorter than 20 mm, the needle tear strength will be insufficient and the impact prevention effect will also be insufficient. If the length exceeds the Box, the overlapping width of the waterproof sheets becomes large, which is uneconomical.

Although the method of fixing using the locking member is not particularly limited, it is preferable to penetrate the waterproof sheet through a hole in a holding member placed on the waterproof sheet and anchor it to the waterproof base.

In the construction method of the present invention, a heat insulating sheet made of polystyrene, polyethylene, polyurethane, etc. can be laid between the waterproof sheet and the waterproof base. The thickness of these insulation sheets is 5
Those within the range of 50 fins from a dragon are preferably used.

Further, in the construction method of the present invention, the waterproof base is not particularly limited, and can be applied to concrete, mortar, ALC, wood, etc.

The fixing interval by the locking member is determined by the following method. In other words, the wind pressure in Chapter 3, Article 87 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Act was determined for the vicinity of the parapet and on the flat ground by setting standard conditions, and this was divided by the lifting breaking strength of the waterproof sheet per locking member. The value is the maximum interval when fixing with the locking member. Pull-up breaking strength is the breaking strength when one end of a sheet is fixed and the other end is pulled up in a perpendicular direction, but in the initial stage of peeling, the force acts in the lateral direction, so
It is safer to use needle tear strength.

For example, wind pressure can be calculated using the following formula:

Wind pressure = Wind force coefficient For the attitude pressure, the building heights 3011 to 280 are used. Therefore, the wind pressure near the parabet =
1.5 x 280: 420kgf/MP flat wind pressure = 0.5 x 280 = 1
It becomes 40kgf/m2.

If the needle tear strength of the tarpaulin sheet is 140 kgf/piece, then 1
The number of locking members required to fix the waterproof sheet is: Near the parabet 420/140 = 3.0 pieces/m2 Flat field 140/140 = 1.0 pieces/rl. Therefore, if the waterproof sheet is 111 wide, , 33 cm spacing near parabets, and 100 cm spacing on flat ground.

For the first row of tarpaulins fixed in this way, the second row
Lay out the waterproof sheets in the rows so that one end of the long side has enough width to cover the locking member and holding member that fixed the waterproof sheets in the first row, and overlap the ends of both waterproof sheets with each other. That is, the overlapping portions are joined. Bonding methods include hot air fusion, which uses electrically heated hot air to melt and bond, torch heat fusion, which uses torch heating to rapidly melt and bond, and bonding using solvent, reactive, or hot melt adhesives. It will be done. Either method can be joined manually or automatically. In particular, since an automatic joining machine can be used, the joining work can be labor-saving and work efficiency can be improved.

[Example] Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.
The invention is not limited to these examples unless it departs from the gist of the invention.

[Example 1 Cost rate asphalt (penetration 50, manufactured by Nippon Oil Kan)
100 parts by weight, styrene fist butadiene copolymer (manufactured by Shell Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: Kaliflex TRI 1ie) 2
Polyester nonwoven fabric (manufactured by Toyobo ■,
Product name: Borance 4187P, area weight 180g/m2,
Impregnated and laminated to a longitudinal tear strength of 1.0 kgf), with No. 5 silica sand attached to the upper part and a 10μ-polyethylene film laminated to the lower part, the width is 1.0I111 and the thickness is 3.0■.
A waterproof sheet with a unit weight of 3.4 kg was obtained. The needle tear strength of this waterproof sheet was 12 kgf, and the same strength when fixed via a galvanized steel plate with a diameter of 50 kgf was 35 kgf.

This waterproof sheet 1 was used for repair work on the roof of a leaky concrete building. After removing the water puddles on the waterproof base after rain, and applying the above-mentioned waterproof sheet while it is still damp, as shown in Fig. Short side (width) of sheet 1
The ends (end laps) were laid out in 15cm stacks. Place the left side wrap down and the right side wrap up, and use a drill to drill a hole 5.3 cm in diameter and 35 mm deep at a position 2.5 cm from the left end of the left side wrap. The holes were drilled through the waterproof base.A holding member 3 made of galvanized steel plate with a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 111 mm was placed over these holes.
A bolt with a plug 2 (locking member) made of carbon steel and having a diameter of 5 cm and a length of 30 m was inserted and fixed through a pre-drilled hole in the steel plate. Similarly, the end laps were also fixed with nails as shown in Figure 2. The fixing interval with nails is 5 on the flat ground as mentioned above.
The spacing was 0 cm, and the spacing near the rose bed was 17 cm.

Return the right side wrap that had been turned up, overlap it, and apply it using an automatic hot air fusion machine (Karl Lelster).
The joints (joint part 4) were made as shown in FIG.

For the peripheral parts of the roof, the parts around the accessories, and the rising parts, the waterproof sheets were joined to each other and to the waterproof base using a manual welding machine (Leister Combitriac type manufactured by Karl Lefster). In addition, deaeration tape with small pipes inserted was partially installed at the rising part. After construction, a silver top coat was applied to the top of the tarpaulin. Six months after construction, there was no swelling or leakage, and the building maintained its beautiful appearance immediately after construction.

[Example 2] 100 parts by weight of straight asphalt (same as Example 1), 15 parts by weight of atactic polypropylene (softening point 162°C, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Kagaku Tsuki), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (contains vinyl acetate). Amount 25%, MFRM2, manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Chemical ■, product name: Evaflex EV3
60) 10 parts by weight of polymer-modified asphalt was mixed into a polyester nonwoven fabric (manufactured by Toyobo ■, trade name: Volance 4252P, basis weight 230 g/a?, longitudinal tear strength 3).
, 0 kgf), No. 5 silica sand is attached to the upper part, and a polyethylene film of 10 μm is laminated to the lower part to make a width of 1.5 kgf. Om, thickness 4.0wva, unit weight 4.4kg
/m2 water resistance 1 sheet. The needle tear strength of this sheet was 23 kgf, and the same strength when fixed through a galvanized steel plate with a diameter of 50 mm was 60 kgf. This waterproof sheet was applied to a newly built flat roof to make it waterproof in the same manner as in Example 1. Nine months after construction, there was no swelling or leakage, and the building maintained its beautiful appearance immediately after construction.

[Example 3] Polyester nonwoven fabric of Example 1 (basis weight 180g/+/
) instead of polyester non-woven fabric with a basis weight of 40g/flI' (manufactured by Toshi ■, product name Acstar B504-101)
Longitudinal tear strength 3. A waterproof sheet was created in the same manner as in Example 1 using the same method as in Example 1. This waterproof sheet had a needle tear strength of 2.2 kgf, and when fixed through galvanized steel plates with a diameter of 50 mm, the same strength was 4.6 kgf, and the strength decreased depending on the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric.

[Example 4] The waterproof sheet of Example 1 was fixed with the same bolts with plugs as in Example 1 through a holding plate having a diameter of 15 mm. The needle tear strength through the presser plate was 14 kgf, and the increase in strength was smaller than when the presser plate was not used.

[Example 5] Polyester nonwoven fabric of Example 1 (basis weight 180 g/l)
/) Instead of polyester non-woven fabric with a basis weight of E300g/+' (manufactured by Toyobo ■, trade name: Volance 4585P,
A waterproof sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using a longitudinal tear strength of 12.5 kgf). Although the obtained waterproof sheet had sufficient strength, it lacked flexibility and had poor workability.

[Comparative Example 1] A waterproof sheet was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, using a polyester woven fabric (cheesecloth ES-1400, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) instead of the nonwoven fabric in Example 1. Although a needle tear strength of 1.3 kgf was obtained for this tarpaulin sheet, the tarpaulin sheet moved easily and the nail holes became large, making it virtually impossible to fix it.

[Comparative Example 2] The polyester woven fabric of Comparative Example 1 was used as a closed cheesecloth (E
S-3000, manufactured by Toyobo ■), but similarly to Comparative Example 1, this waterproof sheet could not be substantially fixed.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the sheet waterproofing method of the present invention, waterproofing can now be carried out by an insulation method using an inexpensive asphalt-based waterproof sheet. For this reason, compared to the close-contact construction method, which is a common construction method for similar waterproof sheets, no skill is required, the drying time for the waterproof base is shortened, and work efficiency is greatly improved. The waterproof sheet made of non-woven fabric laminated with asphalt used in the present invention has a lower heat fusion temperature and a smaller compression load than the chlorinated polyethylene waterproof sheet used in conventional insulation construction methods, making it easier to join the waterproof sheets together. Therefore, the construction period can be shortened compared to insulation construction methods using chlorinated polyethylene waterproof sheets.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 shows a specific example of how the waterproof sheets are arranged. FIG. 2 shows a specific example of a method of fixing the waterproof sort using a locking member and a method of joining. 1 Niasfald waterproof sheet 2: Locking member 3: Holding member 4: Joint part

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) One end of a waterproof sheet made of non-woven fabric laminated with asphalt is fixed to the waterproof base using a locking member for fixing the waterproof sheet to the waterproof base, and one end of another adjacent waterproof sheet is fixed to the waterproof base using the locking member. A sheet waterproofing method comprising laminating sheets so as to cover the top and joining the laminated surfaces of the sheets. (2) The sheet waterproofing method according to claim 1, wherein the asphalt is made of polymer-modified asphalt. (3) The nonwoven fabric is made of polyester fiber and has a basis weight of 5
The sheet waterproofing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sheet waterproofing method is in the range of 0 g/m^2 to 400 g/m^2. (4) The sheet waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fixing method using the locking member is a method of locking via a pressing member. (5) The holding member is made of metal or plastic and is circular or square with a diameter or side length of 20 mm to 60 mm, or a short side length of 20 mm to 60 mm.
The sheet waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which has a rectangular shape. (6) The sheet waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the joining method is adhesion by heat fusion.