JP6979508B2 - Tarpaulin and how to use it - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a waterproof sheet that can be used as a waterproof sheet (for example, under-roofing material) for covering the base of a building or a structure, and a method of using the same.

Traditionally, roofs in Japanese houses usually have a structure in which asphalt roofing is interposed as a roofing material for waterproofing purposes between roof base materials such as plywood and field boards and roofing materials such as roof tiles. There is. This asphalt roofing is usually carried out by unwinding a roll body wound with a long roofing on the roof and laying it in a state where the longitudinal ends of adjacent long roofings are overlapped with each other. .. In such asphalt roofing, in order to enhance waterproofness, it may be required to firmly adhere to each other at the overlapping end portions (joint portions) to ensure waterproofness. In addition, since the work is performed on the roof and is dangerous, the workability is easy, and the asphalt roofing itself is required to be lightweight. In particular, in recent years, with the declining population, Japan is facing an aging society, and the working age of workers at construction sites is also rising. Therefore, it has been pointed out that there is a danger of working with heavy objects at the construction site of roofing materials that are required to work at high places, and there is a tendency that lighter asphalt roofing is required. Further, it is required that the asphalt on the upper surface of the under-roofing material is softened during work at a high temperature such as in summer, and that it adheres to the sole of the shoe during the work, so that problems such as stickiness do not occur.

According to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-3525 (Patent Document 1), either rubber asphalt or butyl rubber is coated on both sides of a non-woven sheet to form a rubber-based substance layer, and either rubber asphalt or butyl rubber is applied to the non-woven sheet. Is impregnated into a rubber-based material impregnated non-woven sheet, and a non-woven sheet, plastic film and non-woven sheet are laminated and joined on the upper surface of the upper rubber-based material layer, and adhered to at least a part of the lower surface of the lower rubber-based material layer. A rectangular roof underlaying material to which release paper is joined via an agent layer, and the plastic film surface is exposed at the overlapping joint portion at one end in the longitudinal direction to form a surface layer. The underlaying material is disclosed.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-206600 (Patent Document 2) describes an acrylic resin layer, a mineral or vegetable powder layer, a base material layer made of a fiber sheet impregnated with modified asphalt, a modified asphalt layer, and self. A roofing material with a self-adhesive layer in which an adhesive layer and a release sheet layer are sequentially laminated is disclosed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-3525 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-206600

However, since the surface of the under-roofing material of Patent Document 1 is smooth, it is slippery, it is dangerous to work at a high place, and the workability is low.

On the other hand, in the under-roof roofing material of Patent Document 2, since the ore-vegetable powder grain layer is laminated near the surface, an appropriate uneven shape is formed, and although it is excellent in workability, it adheres at the overlapped end portion. Due to its low property, it is not sufficiently waterproof.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a waterproof sheet having both waterproofness and workability and a method of using the same.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight, safe and easy-to-install waterproof sheet and a method of using the same.

As a result of diligent studies to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors sequentially laminated an adhesive layer, a fiber layer and a waterproof layer on the release layer, and laminated a smooth layer on the end portion of the waterproof layer. Further, a waterproof sheet is produced by laminating an uneven layer on a region other than the end portion of the waterproof layer, the peeling layer of the waterproof sheet is peeled off, and the end portion of the exposed adhesive layer is smoothed by an adjacent waterproof sheet. We have found that both waterproofness and workability can be achieved by laying them on top of each other, and completed the present invention.

That is, the waterproof sheet of the present invention is
With the peeling layer,
The adhesive layer laminated on one surface of this release layer and
A fiber layer laminated on this adhesive layer and formed of a fiber structure containing asphalt,
The first waterproof layer laminated on this fiber layer and
A smooth layer laminated on the end of this first waterproof layer,
The first waterproof layer includes an uneven layer laminated on a region other than the end portion.

The fiber structure may be a non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 90 g / m ² or more (particularly, a polyester-based long fiber non-woven fabric). The smooth layer may be a synthetic resin film having a smooth surface. The uneven layer may contain particles. The first waterproof layer may contain asphalt. A second waterproof layer containing asphalt may be further interposed between the adhesive layer and the fiber layer. The smooth layer may be formed at one end in the direction in which the waterproof sheets are arranged. The waterproof sheet may be long and the smooth layer may be formed only at one end extending in the longitudinal direction. The outer end face of the smooth layer may be located inside the end face of the first waterproof layer. A resin layer may be further laminated on the uneven layer. In particular, the resin layer may be laminated on the entire surface of the first waterproof layer via the smooth layer and the uneven layer. The waterproof sheet may be a waterproof sheet (particularly, under-roofing material) for covering the base of a building or a structure.

The present invention is a method of using a waterproof sheet in which a plurality of the waterproof sheets are laid side by side. The peeling layer of the waterproof sheet is peeled off, and the exposed adhesive layer is laid on the smooth layer of the adjacent waterproof sheet. It also includes how to use the tarpaulin.

In the present invention, the adhesive layer, the fiber layer and the waterproof layer are sequentially laminated on the release layer, the smooth layer is laminated on the end portion of the fiber layer, and the region other than the end portion in the waterproof layer is overlaid. Since the waterproof sheet is manufactured by laminating the uneven layer on the surface, it is only necessary to peel off the peeling layer of the waterproof sheet and lay the exposed end of the adhesive layer on the smooth layer of the adjacent waterproof sheet. Since the ends can be easily and firmly adhered to each other and fixed, both waterproofness and workability can be achieved. In addition, since the layer structure is simple and thin, it is lightweight, and the surface of the waterproof sheet has an appropriate catch due to the uneven layer, so that slipping during work is suppressed, and the work can be carried out safely and easily. Therefore, even if it is used as a roofing material, it can be safely installed even in a dangerous place on the roof.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the waterproof sheet obtained in Comparative Example 2.

[Waterproof sheet]
Hereinafter, the waterproof sheet of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention.

The waterproof sheet 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a peeling layer 2, an adhesive layer 3 laminated on the peeling layer 2, a fiber layer 4 laminated on the adhesive layer 3, and a top of the fiber layer 4. On the first waterproof layer 5 laminated on the surface, the smooth layer 6 laminated on the end portion of the first waterproof layer 5, and the region other than the end portion in the first waterproof layer 5. It is formed of a laminated uneven layer 7 (an uneven layer formed of particles), and although it has a relatively simple layer structure, it is excellent in waterproofness, and the adhesive layer 3 and the fiber layer 4 are excellent. By adjusting the material of the first waterproof layer 5, the waterproof property can be further improved. Further, in order to improve the waterproof property, a second waterproof layer may be further interposed between the adhesive layer 3 and the fiber layer 4. Further, in order to protect the waterproof sheet, suppress the desorption of particles from the uneven layer 7 formed by the particles, and suppress the exudation of adhesive components such as asphalt, a resin layer is provided on the uneven layer 7. Further may be laminated. The shape of the waterproof sheet may be a square shape such as a square or a rectangle, but a long shape is preferable from the viewpoint of workability and the like.

The waterproof sheet of the present invention is used side by side with the release layer peeled off on the surface to be waterproofed, and in order to improve waterproofness, the ends are laid on top of each other between adjacent sheets. Will be done. In the waterproof sheet 1 of the present invention, the smooth layer 6 forms a superposed end portion (superimposed portion or joint portion) for superimposing and fixing the end portions of adjacent waterproof sheets, and is on the joint portion. In addition, by peeling off the peeling layer 2 of the adjacent waterproof sheet and superimposing the exposed ends of the adhesive layer 3, the ends can be easily fixed to each other, so that waterproofness can be improved and laying can be done safely and easily. It can be done and workability can be improved.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the waterproof sheet of the present invention. The waterproof sheet 11 shown in FIG. 2 has a structure in which an adhesive layer 13, a second waterproof layer 18, a fiber layer 14, and a first waterproof layer 15 are sequentially laminated on a release layer 12. The structure is the same as that of the waterproof sheet 1 of FIG. 1 except that the second waterproof layer 18 is interposed between the adhesive layer 13 and the fiber layer 14. In the waterproof sheet 21, the waterproof property is further improved by the second waterproof layer 18.

Also in the waterproof sheet 11 of FIG. 2, the smooth layer 16 is laminated on the end portion of the first waterproof layer 15, but in FIG. 2, the side edge portion 15b of the waterproof layer 15 is left behind. The smooth layer 16 is laminated inside the smooth layer of FIG. 1, and the outer end surface 16a of the smooth layer 16 is located inside the end surface 15a of the first waterproof layer. Further, also in FIG. 2, the uneven layer 17 formed of particles is laminated on the region other than the end portion in FIG. 1 and the first waterproof layer 15, but in FIG. 2, the first waterproof layer 15 is laminated. At the end of the layer 15, the uneven layer 17a formed of particles is also laminated on the end region (side edge portion 15b) on which the smooth layer 16 is not laminated. Further, in FIG. 2, the resin layer 18 is laminated on the uneven layer 17a, the smooth layer 16, and the uneven layer 17, and the end surface 16a of the smooth layer 16 is located inside the end surface 19a of the resin layer 19. ing. That is, the end surface 16a of the smooth layer 16 has a form in which the first waterproof layer 15, the uneven layer 17, and the resin layer 19 are sealed.

The resin layer 19 forms a shape that follows the uneven shape of the uneven layer 17 in the uneven layer 17a and the region on the uneven layer 17, but has a smooth surface shape in the region on the smooth layer 16 like the smooth layer 16. To form. Therefore, even in the waterproof sheet of FIG. 2, the resin layer laminated on the smooth layer 16 forms a joint portion, and like the waterproof sheet of FIG. 1, the ends can be easily fixed to each other and the waterproof property can be improved. At the same time, it can be laid safely and easily, and workability can be improved.

In the waterproof sheet 11 of FIG. 2, since the outer end surface 16a of the smooth layer 16 is formed inside the end surface 15a of the first waterproof layer, it is possible to suppress the exposure of the outer end surface 16a of the smooth layer 16. .. Therefore, in the waterproof sheet 11, it is possible to prevent the smooth layer 16 from peeling off between the smooth layer 16 and the first waterproof layer 15 starting from the smooth layer 16.

In the waterproof sheet 11 of FIG. 2, at the end portion on the end side where the smooth layer 16 is laminated, the uneven layer 17a formed of particles is laminated on the end region where the smooth layer 16 is not laminated. However, the uneven layer 17a is not essential, and may be a waterproof sheet on which the uneven layer 17a is not laminated. The waterproof sheet 11 in which the uneven layer 17a is not laminated on the end region is the smooth layer 16 laminated on a part of the end region of the first waterproof layer 15 and the first waterproof layer. The resin layer 19 may be laminated on the uneven layer 17 laminated on the region other than the end portion of the layer 15, but the end region (side edge portion) on which the concave-convex layer 17a is not laminated may also be laminated. It is preferable to laminate the resin layer 19 on the included region (that is, the entire surface of the first waterproof layer). By laminating the entire surface of the first waterproof layer with the resin layer via the smooth layer and the uneven layer, the outer end face of the smooth layer can be arranged inside the end face of the resin layer, so that the end face of the smooth layer can be arranged. The exposure is suppressed and the adhesion between the smooth layer and the first waterproof layer can be improved. Further, when the uneven layer is not laminated on the side edge portion, the end face of the resin layer may be arranged outside the outer end face of the smooth layer, and the end face of the smooth layer may be covered with the resin layer. .. By covering, the adhesion between the smooth layer and the first waterproof layer can be further improved.

The smooth layer (or the smooth resin layer laminated on the smooth layer) for forming the overlapped end portion is formed at one end portion in the direction in which the waterproof sheets are arranged. That is, it is formed at one end of the opposing ends, and no smooth layer is formed at the other end. When a plurality of tarpaulins are laid, the peeling layer of the tarpaulin is peeled off, and when one of the adjacent tarpaulins is the first tarpaulin and the other is the second tarpaulin, the first tarpaulin is used. A state in which the end of the exposed adhesive layer of the second tarpaulin is laminated on the smooth layer of the tarpaulin (or the smooth resin layer laminated on the tarpaulin) (smoothness of the first tarpaulin). The layer or the resin layer is in contact with the adhesive layer of the second waterproof sheet).

The shape of the smooth layer can be selected according to the method of laying the waterproof sheet of the present invention, and when laying a plurality of long waterproof sheets side by side in the width direction of the sheet, one of the long end portions (longitudinal direction) is used. The overlapping end may be formed only on one end extending in the vertical direction or one end in the width direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction), and when laying a plurality of waterproof sheets side by side in the vertical and horizontal directions, adjacent 2 Overlapping ends may be formed on only one end.

In the present invention, since the adhesive layer of the waterproof sheet having a specific layer structure and the smooth layer having a smooth surface (or the resin layer laminated on the smooth layer) are adhered and fixed, the width of the smooth layer is widened. Even if it is small, it can be sufficiently fixed, the weight can be improved, and the intrusion of water from the joint portion can be suppressed, so that the waterproof property can be improved. Therefore, the average width of the smooth layer may be 25 cm or less (particularly 15 cm or less), for example, 1 to 25 cm (for example, 1 to 13 cm), preferably 2 to 20 cm, more preferably 3 to 15 cm, and more preferably 4 to 4. It is 13 cm, most preferably 5 to 10 cm. If the width of the overlapped end portion becomes large, the workability may decrease.

The smooth layer may have a length of 50% or more of the total length (total length) of the end in the longitudinal direction, but the smooth layer is formed in the entire length of the end from the viewpoint of improving waterproofness. It is preferable to have it.

When the outer end face of the smooth layer is positioned inside the end face of the first waterproof layer, the distance (shortest distance) from the end face of the first waterproof layer to the outer end face of the smooth layer is 0.1 mm or more (shortest distance). For example, 0.1 to 30 mm), for example, 0.5 to 25 mm, preferably 0.8 to 20 mm, more preferably 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 8 mm, and most preferably 3 to 7 mm. If the distance is too small, the effect of suppressing peeling between the smooth layer and the first waterproof layer may be reduced.

Since the waterproof sheet contains asphalt, if the asphalt exudes or is exposed from the side surface of the film, the productivity of the waterproof sheet decreases. Even if the end faces of the layers are combined, the asphalt may exude, and the layer containing the asphalt may slightly protrude due to the meandering in manufacturing, and the adhesiveness of the asphalt reduces the productivity. In particular, when the first waterproof layer contains asphalt, the productivity is likely to decrease due to the exposure of the first waterproof layer or the exudation of asphalt. In order to improve productivity, there is a method of projecting the smooth layer from the end face, but when the smooth layer is projected from the end face, the smooth layer and the first waterproof layer are easily peeled off. On the other hand, in the present invention, the adhesion can be improved by locating the smooth layer inside, and asphalt exudation can be achieved by laminating an uneven layer formed of particles on the side edge portion. It can be suppressed and the decrease in productivity can be suppressed.

(Release layer)
The release layer is attached to the surface of the adhesive layer in order to improve handleability and workability.

The release layer contains a release agent so that it can be easily removed from the adhesive layer when the waterproof sheet is applied. Examples of the release agent include silicone-based compounds (eg, silicone oil, silicone wax, silicone resin, polyorganosiloxane having a polyoxyalkylene unit, etc.), higher fatty acids or salts thereof, higher fatty acid esters, waxes (eg, carna). Examples thereof include vegetable wax such as Uva wax, animal wax such as wool wax, paraffins such as paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, etc., fluorine-containing compounds (for example, fluorine oil, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), mineral oil, and the like. These release agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these release agents, silicone compounds are preferable.

The release layer may be a single layer containing a release agent, but is usually a laminate containing a base material layer and a release agent layer formed of the release agent. Examples of the base material layer include papers (high-quality paper, glassin paper, kraft paper, etc.), plastic films (polyethylene film such as polyethylene film and polypropylene film, polyester film such as polyethylene terephthalate film, etc.) and the like. The laminate may further include a sealing layer between the base material layer and the release agent layer in order to prevent the release agent from permeating into the base material layer. The sealing layer may be formed of a polyolefin such as polyethylene or a vinyl alcohol-based resin such as polyvinyl alcohol. When the release layer is a laminated body, the release agent layer can be brought into contact with the adhesive layer to prepare the waterproof sheet of the present invention.

As the release layer, a release sheet commercially available as a laminate containing a base material layer and a release agent layer can be used.

The average thickness of the release layer is, for example, 0.01 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.15 mm, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mm.

(Adhesive layer)
At the construction site, the adhesive layer is peeled off and exposed to be exposed, fixed to the waterproofed surface to be waterproofed, and overlapped with an adjacent waterproof sheet to be connected.

The adhesive layer may be formed of a conventional adhesive. Examples of the conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive include rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives such as butyl rubber, isoprene rubber, and silicone rubber, asphalt-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, and olefin-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. These adhesives can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, rubber-based adhesives such as butyl rubber and asphalt-based adhesives such as rubber asphalt are widely used, and asphalt-based adhesives are preferable because they can improve waterproofness, and adhesives containing asphalt as a main component are particularly preferable. ..

Examples of asphalt include natural asphalt (lake asphalt, rock asphalt, oil sands, asphalt tight, etc.), petroleum asphalt (straight asphalt, blown asphalt, etc.) and the like. These asphalts can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, petroleum asphalt such as straight asphalt is widely used.

The degree of needle insertion (1/10 mm) of asphalt can be selected from a range of about 0 to 300 in a method based on JIS K2207-1996, for example, 50 to 280, preferably 100 to 250, and more preferably 130 to 230. More preferably, it is about 150 to 200. If the degree of needle insertion is too small, it may be difficult to form a uniform layer, and conversely, if it is too large, the adhesiveness may be deteriorated.

The asphalt may be used as a modified asphalt (asphalt-based adhesive) by combining with a modifier. The modifier includes an organic modifier and an inorganic modifier.

Examples of the organic modifier include a polyolefin and a vinyl polymer (for example, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and ethylene-acrylic acid). Polymers, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, etc.), polyamides, polyesters, synthetic rubbers or elastomers (eg, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene copolymers, etc.), natural Examples thereof include rubber, tackifiers (for example, terpene resin, rosin resins such as natural rosin and modified rosin, petroleum resins, modified olefin polymers, etc.), oils and fats (for example, naphthenic raw material oil, etc.). These organic modifiers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these organic modifiers, thermoplastic elastomers, tackifiers, oils and fats are preferable, and styrene-diene copolymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers are particularly preferable.

Examples of the inorganic modifier include metal particles (powder) such as iron, copper, tin, zinc, nickel, and stainless steel; iron oxide, iron sesquioxide, iron tetraoxide, ferrite, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and the like. Metal oxide particles such as zinc flower, copper oxide and aluminum oxide; metal salt particles such as barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfite, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, barium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide; steelmaking slag and slate Mineral particles such as chips, mica, clay, talc, wollastonite, citrus soil, silica sand, light stone powder, silica balloons, glass balloons, silus balloons; and inorganic fibers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers. These inorganic modifiers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these inorganic modifiers, particulate modifiers such as iron particles, various iron oxide particles, steelmaking slag particles, talc, and (heavy) calcium carbonate particles are preferable. The average particle size of the particulate modifier is 0.01 to 0.5 mm (particularly 0.05 to 0.2 mm).

In the present specification and claims, the average particle size means the central particle size (D50) measured on a volume basis using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution meter.

The organic modifier and the inorganic modifier may be used in combination in order to improve the adhesiveness and the water-impervious property. In the present invention, it is preferable to contain at least an organic modifier from the viewpoint of improving the adhesiveness.

The mass ratio of the asphalt and the modifier can be selected from the range of, for example, asphalt / modifier = 100/0 to 20/80, for example, 90/10 to 30/70, preferably 80/20 to 40/70. It can be selected from the range of 60, more preferably 70/30 to 50/50. If the proportion of the modifier is too small, the reforming effect will not be exhibited, and if it is too large, the viscosity will increase, making processing difficult, and there is a risk that economic efficiency will decrease.

Of these, as the modifier for modifying the asphalt of the adhesive layer, an organic modifier is particularly preferable, and a combination of a thermoplastic elastomer, a tackifier and oils and fats is particularly preferable. The proportion of the thermoplastic elastomer is, for example, 10 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 25 to 35 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of asphalt. The ratio of the tackifier is, for example, 5 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of asphalt. The ratio of fats and oils is, for example, 3 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 8 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of asphalt.

The adhesive layer may further contain additives. Examples of additives include stabilizers (light-resistant stabilizers, heat-resistant stabilizers, etc.), colorants, fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, thickeners, leveling agents, defoamers, flame retardants, antistatic agents, and surfactants. Examples thereof include activators, dispersants, insect repellents (antistatic agents, etc.), preservatives (antifungal agents, etc.). These additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The ratio of the additive may be 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pressure-sensitive adhesive, preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass.

The average thickness of the adhesive layer is, for example, 0.05 to 1 mm, preferably 0.08 to 0.8 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

(Fiber layer)
The fiber layer is formed of a fiber structure and can impart waterproofness and mechanical strength to the waterproof sheet.

The fibers constituting the fiber structure include, for example, natural fibers (cellulose fibers such as cotton and linen), regenerated fibers (rayon, etc.), semi-synthetic fibers (cellulose ester fibers, etc.), synthetic fibers [polyform fiber (polyethylene). Poly of fiber such as fiber, polypropylene fiber, styrene fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene fiber, acrylic fiber, vinyl alcohol fiber (ethylene vinyl alcohol fiber, etc.), polyester fiber (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, etc.) C _2-4 alkylene-allylate fiber, total aromatic polyester fiber such as liquid crystal polyester fiber, etc.), polyamide fiber (aliphatic polyamide fiber such as polyamide 6, polyamide 66, etc., total aromatic polyamide fiber such as aramid fiber) Fibers, etc.), polyurethane fibers, etc.], inorganic fibers (carbon fibers, glass fibers, etc.), etc. can be exemplified. The synthetic fiber may be a composite fiber in which different kinds of resin components are combined. These fibers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these fibers, synthetic fibers such as polyolefin fibers and polyester fibers and inorganic fibers are widely used, but from the viewpoint of light resistance to ultraviolet rays, poly C _2-4 alkylene-allylate fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fibers are used. Fiber is preferred.

Fiber structures include woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, nets, paper and the like. The fiber structure may be a composite (laminated body) of these. Of these, non-woven fabric is preferable from the viewpoint of mechanical properties and the like.

The cross-sectional shape of the fibers constituting the fiber structure (cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the length direction of the fibers) is a general solid cross-sectional shape such as a round cross section or an irregular cross section [flat, elliptical, polygonal, It is not limited to 3 to 14 leaf-shaped, T-shaped, H-shaped, V-shaped, dogbone (I-shaped), etc.], and may have a hollow cross section, but is usually a round cross section.

The average fineness of the fiber may be, for example, 0.1 to 20 dtex, preferably 0.3 to 10 dtex, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 dtex. If the fineness is too small, the mechanical properties may deteriorate, and if it is too large, the flexibility may decrease.

The fiber may be a short fiber, but a long fiber is preferable because it can improve the mechanical properties of the fiber layer.

The average fiber length of the long fibers may exceed 150 mm, for example, 200 mm or more, preferably 500 mm or more, more preferably 1000 mm or more, and may be infinite length. The long fiber nonwoven fabric can be produced by a conventional method, for example, a direct spinning method such as a spunbond method, a melt blow method, or a flash spinning method. Of these, the non-woven fabric obtained by the spunbond method is widely used from the viewpoint of economy and the like.

The apparent density of the fiber structure (particularly, a non-woven fabric such as a long fiber non-woven fabric) is, for example, 0.05 to 0.2 g / cm ³ , preferably 0.07 to 0.18 g / cm ³ , and more preferably 0.1. It is ~ 0.15 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.11 to 0.14 g / cm ³ . If the density is too high, the flexibility may decrease, and if the density is too low, the waterproof property and mechanical properties may decrease.

Fiber structure (particularly a nonwoven fabric, such as long-fiber nonwoven fabric), but the basis weight of the can be selected from the range of about ^{10~1000g / m 2, 50g / m} 2 or more, more preferably 60~300g / ^{m 2,} more preferably Is 65 to 200 g / m ² , most preferably 70 to 170 g / m ² . If the basis weight is too large, the weight may be reduced, and if it is too small, the waterproofness and mechanical properties may be reduced.

The fiber structure contains asphalt in the voids (between fibers) of the fiber structure in order to improve waterproofness. The asphalt is preferably uniformly permeated or impregnated into the fiber structure. The asphalt is the same as the asphalt of the adhesive layer, including a preferred embodiment.

The asphalt may be modified asphalt, and as the modifier, the modifier exemplified in the section of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be used. Among the modifiers, organic modifiers are preferable, and thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene-diene copolymers are particularly preferable. The ratio of the thermoplastic elastomer is, for example, 1 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of asphalt.

The ratio of asphalt is, for example, 100 to 2000 parts by mass, preferably 300 to 1000 parts by mass, and more preferably 400 to 800 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fiber structure. If the proportion of asphalt is too small, the waterproof property may be deteriorated, and conversely, if the proportion of asphalt is too large, it may be difficult to uniformly penetrate the fiber structure.

The fiber structure may contain additives inside the fiber or on the surface of the fiber. As the additive, the additive exemplified in the section of the adhesive layer can be used. The additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The ratio of the additive is 50% by mass or less, preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the fiber structure.

The average thickness of the fiber layer is, for example, 0.3 to 3 mm, preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mm, more preferably 0.7 to 2 mm, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mm.

(First waterproof layer)
The first waterproof layer can improve the waterproof property and also can improve the adhesion between the fiber layer and the smooth layer and the uneven layer described later.

The first waterproof layer preferably contains asphalt. The asphalt is the same as the asphalt of the adhesive layer, including a preferred embodiment.

The asphalt may be modified asphalt, and as the modifier, the modifier exemplified in the section of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be used. Among the modifiers, a combination of an organic modifier and an inorganic modifier is preferable, and a combination of a thermoplastic elastomer such as a styrene-diene copolymer and a particulate modifier such as talc is particularly preferable. preferable.

When the organic modifier and the inorganic modifier are combined, the mass ratio of the two can be selected from, for example, the range of organic modifier / inorganic modifier = 99/1 to 1/99. For example, 90/10 to 10/90, preferably 80/20 to 20/80, and more preferably 70/30 to 30/70.

When the thermoplastic elastomer and the particulate modifier are combined, the ratio of the thermoplastic elastomer is, for example, 5 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 15 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the asphalt. It is a mass part. The ratio of the particulate modifier is, for example, 5 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 15 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of asphalt.

The first waterproof layer may contain the additive exemplified as the additive of the adhesive layer as long as the waterproof property is not impaired. The ratio of the additive is 30% by mass or less, preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the first waterproof layer.

The average thickness of the first waterproof layer is, for example, 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mm.

(Smooth layer)
Since the surface of the smooth layer is smooth, the adhesion to the adhesive layer of the adjacent waterproof sheet can be improved at the joint portion.

The smooth layer may be formed of either an organic material or an inorganic material as long as the surface is smooth, but it is preferable to form the smooth layer with a material containing a synthetic resin because it is lightweight and has excellent surface smoothness. preferable.

Examples of the synthetic resin include a polyolefin resin (polyamide resin, polypropylene resin, etc.), a styrene resin, an acrylic resin, a vinyl alcohol fiber resin (ethylene vinyl alcohol resin, etc.), and a polyester resin (polyethylene terephthalate, etc.). _{Poly C 2-4} alkylene-allylate resin such as polyethylene naphthalate, all aromatic polyester resin such as liquid crystal polyester resin), polyamide resin (polyamide 6 and aliphatic polyamide resin such as polyamide 66, aramid resin, etc.) All aromatic polyamide resin etc.), polyurethane and the like. These synthetic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

_{Of these, polyethylene-based resins, polypropylene-based resins, and polyester-based resins are preferable, and poly C 2-4} such as polyethylene terephthalate is excellent in that it has an excellent balance of adhesion to the first waterproof layer, waterproofness, and mechanical properties. An alkylene-allylate resin is preferable.

The proportion of the synthetic resin in the smooth layer may be 50% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, further preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and 100% by mass. You may.

The smooth layer containing the synthetic resin may further contain additives. As the additive, the additive exemplified as the additive of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be used. The additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The ratio of the additive may be 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the synthetic resin, preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass.

The surface of the smooth layer (the surface on the side not in contact with the first waterproof layer) is smooth, and the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is 20 μm or less, for example, 1 to 20 μm, preferably 3 to 18 μm, and more preferably 5 to 5. It is 15 μm. If Ra is too large, the adhesion of the joint portion may decrease.

The maximum height Rz of the surface of the smooth layer (the surface on the side not in contact with the first waterproof layer) is 100 μm or less, for example, 5 to 100 μm, preferably 10 to 80 μm, and more preferably 30 to 70 μm. If Rz is too large, the adhesion of the joint portion may decrease.

In addition, within the scope of this specification and claims, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra and the maximum height Rz can be measured by a method according to JIS B 0601, and in detail, can be measured by the method described in Examples described later.

The average thickness of the smooth layer may be 100 μm or less, for example, 1 to 100 μm, preferably 3 to 50 μm, more preferably 5 to 30 μm, more preferably 6 to 20 μm, and most preferably 8 to 15 μm.

(Concave and convex layer)
The uneven layer imparts an uneven shape to the surface of the waterproof sheet to reduce slipperiness on the surface, thereby improving safety and workability during construction. In addition, the uneven layer also serves as a weight (weight stone) for the waterproof sheet, and the waterproof sheet can be easily fixed to the construction site.

The uneven layer is laminated on the region other than the end portion where the smooth layer in the first waterproof layer is laminated, but when the first waterproof layer has a side edge portion, only the region other than the end portion is laminated. Instead, it is preferable to laminate the uneven layer on the side edge portion as well. By forming an uneven layer on the side edge portion, asphalt exudation can be suppressed and the productivity of the waterproof sheet can be improved.

The concavo-convex layer may be formed of an organic material having an concavo-convex shape on the surface as long as the surface is concavo-convex, but it is preferable to contain particles from the viewpoint of durability and workability.

The material of the particles is not particularly limited and may be an organic material such as plastic, but an inorganic material such as metal, ceramics or mineral is preferable from the viewpoint of high durability and specific gravity.

Examples of the particles formed of the inorganic material include metal particles, metal oxide particles, metal salt particles, mineral particles, etc., which are exemplified as the inorganic modifiers exemplified in the section of the adhesive layer. These particles can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, mineral particles such as silica sand and pumice powder are preferable.

Further, in order to achieve both lightness and waterproofness, low specific density particles having a small specific density such as light stone powder (for example, a bulk specific density of ^{less than 2 g / cm 3} , preferably a bulk specific density of 1 to 1.8 g / cm ³ , is more preferable. the 1.3~1.7g / cm ³ order of particles), specific gravity greater high specific gravity particles, such as silica sand (e.g., bulk specific gravity 2 g / cm ³ or more, preferably bulk density 2-5 g / cm ^3, further It may be ^{combined with particles (preferably about 2.2 to 3} g / cm 3), and for example, a combination of silica sand and light stone powder is preferable. The mass ratio of the low-density particles to the high-density particles is the former / the latter = 99/1 to 1/99, preferably 90/10 to 10/90, and more preferably about 70/30 to 30/70.

The shape of the particles is not particularly limited, and is, for example, substantially isotropic granules (substantially spherical, substantially rectangular parallelepiped, etc.), substantially anisotropic granules (ellipoid, substantially rectangular parallelepiped, irregular shape, etc.), and the like. May be.

The average particle size of the particles (in the case of an irregular shape, the average diameter of the major axis and the minor axis) may be 10 mm or less, for example, 0.01 to 5 mm, preferably 0.02 to 1 mm, and more preferably 0. It is 03 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.04 to 0.3 mm, and most preferably 0.05 to 0.1 mm. If the particle size is too large, the handleability may be deteriorated, and if it is too small, the uneven shape may be small and the workability may be deteriorated.

In addition to the particles, the uneven layer containing the particles may further contain the organic modifier exemplified in the section of the adhesive layer. The organic modifier can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Among the organic modifiers, vinyl polymers are preferable, and (meth) acrylic polymers are preferable.

Examples of the (meth) acrylic polymer include poly (meth) acrylic acid or a salt thereof, methyl methacrylate- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, acrylic acid-polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, and styrene- (meth) acrylic. Acid copolymer, styrene- (meth) acrylic acid C _1-10 alkyl ester copolymer, vinyl acetate- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, vinyl acetate- (meth) acrylic acid C _1-10 alkyl ester copolymer weight Coalescence etc. can be mentioned. Since these (meth) acrylic polymers can be used in the form of emulsions, they are excellent in handleability. These (meth) acrylic polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, a copolymer with styrene such as a styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer is preferable because it is also excellent in mechanical properties.

The ratio of the organic modifier (particularly, the (meth) acrylic polymer) may be 30 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the particles, preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 3 to 3 parts by mass. It is 25 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass.

The uneven layer may further contain the additives exemplified in the section of adhesive layer. The ratio of the additive is 10 parts by mass or less (for example, 0.01 to 5 parts by mass) with respect to the entire uneven layer.

The proportion of the particles is 50% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and 100% by mass in the entire uneven layer (the uneven layer is formed by the particles alone). May be good).

The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the uneven layer (the surface on the side not in contact with the first waterproof layer) exceeds 20 μm, for example, 21 to 100 μm, preferably 22 to 50 μm, and more preferably 23 to 30 μm. If Ra is too small, it may become slippery.

The maximum height Rz of the surface of the uneven layer (the surface on the side not in contact with the first waterproof layer) exceeds 100 μm, for example, 110 to 500 μm, preferably 130 to 300 μm, and more preferably 150 to 200 μm. If Rz is too small, it may become slippery.

The average thickness of the uneven layer may be 10 mm or less, for example, 0.05 to 5 mm, preferably 0.08 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.5 mm, and most. It is preferably 0.2 to 0.4 mm. If the thickness of the uneven layer is too thin, the slip suppressing effect and the weighting effect may be lowered, and if it is too thick, the handleability may be lowered. In the present invention, the average thickness of the uneven layer is obtained by a method of measuring and calculating the thickness of any 10 points.

(Second waterproof layer)
A second waterproof layer containing asphalt may be interposed between the adhesive layer and the fiber layer in order to improve waterproofness. The second waterproof layer is the same as the first waterproof layer, including the preferred embodiment.

(Resin layer)
The resin layer is laminated on at least the uneven layer in order to protect the waterproof sheet, prevent the particles from detaching from the uneven layer formed by the particles, and also suppress the exudation of adhesive components such as asphalt. The resin layer may be laminated not only on the surface of the uneven layer but also on the surface of the smooth layer and the uneven layer from the viewpoint that the productivity of the waterproof sheet can be improved. The resin layer preferably has a surface shape that follows the surface shapes of the smooth layer and the uneven layer from the viewpoint of not impairing the functions of the smooth layer and the uneven layer. When the resin layer follows the surface shapes of the smooth layer and the uneven layer, the surface of the resin layer is also smooth in the region above the smooth layer, the adhesion to the adhesive layer can be improved, and the region above the uneven layer can be improved. The uneven shape is also formed on the surface of the resin layer, and slipperiness can be suppressed.

When the resin layer is laminated on the uneven layer and the smooth layer, it is preferable to laminate the resin layer on the entire surface of the first waterproof layer via the smooth layer and the uneven layer. By laminating the resin layer on the entire surface of the first waterproof layer, when the end portion of the first waterproof layer has a side edge portion, the outer end surface of the smooth layer can be arranged inside the end surface of the resin layer. Therefore, the exposure of the end face of the smooth layer is suppressed, and the adhesion between the smooth layer and the first waterproof layer can be improved. Further, by covering the outer end face of the smooth layer with the resin layer, the adhesion can be further improved.

The resin component is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin that can follow the surface shape of the smooth layer and the uneven layer, and various thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins can be used, but from the viewpoint of excellent handleability and workability. , (Meta) acrylic polymers are preferred.

The (meth) acrylic polymer is the same as the (meth) acrylic polymer exemplified in the section of the concavo-convex layer, including preferred embodiments.

The resin layer may further contain the additives exemplified in the section of adhesive layer. The ratio of the additive is 10% by mass or less (for example, 0.01 to 5% by mass) with respect to the entire resin layer.

The average thickness of the resin layer is, for example, 0.001 to 1 mm, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 mm, and more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 mm. If the average thickness of the resin layer is too thin, particles may fall off or asphalt may seep out, and if it is too thick, the shape of the uneven layer may not be followed.

In the resin layer, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface in the region above the smooth layer is the same as the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the smooth layer, including a preferable range, from the viewpoint of improving smoothness. If Ra of the resin layer in this region is too large, the adhesion of the joint portion may decrease.

The maximum height Rz of the surface in the region above the smooth layer is the same as the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the smooth layer, including a preferable range, from the viewpoint of improving smoothness. If the Rz of the resin layer in this region is too large, the adhesion of the joint portion may decrease.

The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface in the region above the uneven layer is the same as the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the uneven layer, including a preferable range. If Ra of the uneven layer in this region is too small, it may become slippery.

The maximum height Rz of the surface in the region above the uneven layer is the same as the arithmetic average roughness Rz of the uneven layer, including a preferable range. If the Rz of the uneven layer in this region is too small, it may become slippery.

[Manufacturing method and usage of waterproof sheet]
The waterproof sheet of the present invention can be produced by laminating each layer on both sides of the fiber layer. For example, after infiltrating the asphalt into the fiber structure forming the fiber layer in a state where the viscosity is lowered, the asphalt is heated and then permeated into the fiber structure. It may be produced by laminating a first waterproof layer, a smooth layer and an uneven layer on a fiber structure impregnated with asphalt.

The heating temperature for reducing the viscosity of asphalt is, for example, 80 to 250 ° C, preferably 120 to 240 ° C, more preferably 150 to 200 ° C, and most preferably 160 to 180 ° C.

As a method of infiltrating the asphalt into the fiber structure, a method of applying asphalt to the surface of the fiber structure may be used.

Examples of the method for applying the adhesive component include a conventional coating method, for example, a bar coating method, a spin coating method, a comma coating method, a die coating method, a spray coating method, and the like.

When the uneven layer contains particles, the method for forming the uneven layer may be, for example, a method of spreading (laying or spreading) the particles substantially uniformly on the fiber structure containing asphalt.

The amount of the particles spread is, for example, 30 to 300 g / m ² , preferably 50 to 250 g / m ² , and more preferably 60 to 200 g / m ² (particularly 70 to 150 g / m ² ).

As a method for laminating the smooth layer, a conventional method can be appropriately used depending on the material of the smooth layer. When a synthetic resin is contained, for example, a method of laminating a synthetic resin film or a method of coating a solution dissolved in a solvent is applied. Examples thereof include a method of heat laminating a molten synthetic resin and a method of heating a synthetic resin film and heat-pressing it.

As a method of laminating the adhesive layer (or the second waterproof layer and the adhesive layer) on the other surface of the fiber layer, a method of applying by heating can be used as in the method of applying the asphalt.

The method of laminating the release layer may be a method of adhering the release layer to the applied adhesive layer.

When laminating the resin layer on the surface of the concavo-convex layer (or the concavo-convex layer and the smooth layer), a conventional method can be appropriately used as the laminating method of the resin layer depending on the material of the resin layer, and the resin layer is (meth) acrylic. In the case of a system polymer, a method of applying a (meth) acrylic polymer in the form of an emulsion may be used. Examples of the coating method include the methods exemplified as the coating method of the adhesive component.

The coating amount of the resin layer (coating amount in a dry state) is, for example, 5 to 200 g / m ² , preferably 10 to 100 g / m ² , and more preferably 15 to 50 g / m ² (particularly 20 to 30 g / m ² ). be.

The obtained waterproof sheet can be selected in a form according to the purpose of use, and may be used as a roll body obtained by winding a long waterproof sheet into a roll shape. The obtained waterproof sheet is obtained by laminating each layer. You may use it as a sheet as it is without winding it.

The waterproof sheet of the present invention is used by laying a plurality of waterproof sheets side by side on the ground in a state where the ends are overlapped with each other. Specifically, the peeled layer of the waterproof sheet is peeled off and the exposed adhesive layer is laid in contact with the surface to be waterproofed, and the end of the adhesive layer is a smooth layer (or resin) of the adjacent waterproof sheet. Since the layer is laid so as to be overlapped with the area where the smooth layer is laminated), the smooth layer and the adhesive layer are in contact with each other (integrated) at the overlapped end portion. Therefore, the adjacent ends are firmly adhered to each other, and the waterproofness of the overlapped ends can be improved with simple workability. Further, if necessary, it may be fixed more firmly by using a conventional fixture.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. The details of the materials used in the examples are as follows, and the evaluation of the examples was measured by the method shown below.

[Material used]
Polyester long fiber non-woven fabric: Toyobo Co., Ltd. "5091P", grain 90 g / m ² , thickness 0.63 mm, density 0.14 x ^10-6 g / cm ³
Quartz sand: "S8 quartz sand" manufactured by Toyo-Materan Co., Ltd.
Smooth film: "12DL-07" manufactured by Oji F-Tex Co., Ltd., PET film, thickness 12 μm
Release film: "30RL-02" manufactured by Oji F-Tex Co., Ltd.
Modified asphalt: Modified asphalt asphalt-based adhesive prepared by uniformly mixing 20 parts by mass of a styrene-butadiene copolymer and 20 parts by mass of talc with 60 to 80 parts by mass of straight asphalt: 100 parts by mass of straight Adhesive prepared by uniformly mixing 30 parts by mass of styrene-butadiene copolymer, 30 parts by mass of tackifier, and 10 parts by mass of process oil with asphalt 150 to 200 Acrylic-styrene emulsion prepared by Showa Denko Co., Ltd. "AP609LN", 50% non-volatile content.

Example 1
A modified asphalt was impregnated into a polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric at a temperature of 180 to 200 ° C. to prepare a fiber layer. The ratio of the modified asphalt was 490 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric.

After impregnation, modified asphalt was applied to both sides of the fiber layer at a temperature of 180 ° C. using a coating roll so that the thickness of each of the waterproof layers was 0.3 mm, and the first and second waterproof layers were laminated.

A smooth film having a width of 110 mm is bonded to the end of the surface of the first waterproof layer having a width of 110 mm in the vertical direction to form a smooth layer. After sprinkling sand at an amount of 130 g / m ² to form an uneven layer, excess silica sand was removed.

When the surface shape of the obtained smooth layer and uneven layer was measured using a surface roughness meter (“Surfcom 1400D” manufactured by Tokyo Precision Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS B 0601, the smooth layer (smoothness) was measured. The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the film surface) was 11.08 μm, and the maximum height Rz was 61.37 μm. On the other hand, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the uneven layer (sprinkled surface of silica sand) was 23.77 μm, and the maximum height Rz was 169.03 μm.

Further, an acrylic / styrene emulsion is ^{applied on a smooth film and silica sand at a coating amount of 30 g / m 2} (a dry state coating amount) using a resin coating machine, and then dried to obtain a smooth layer and a smooth layer. A laminated sheet in which a resin layer was laminated on an uneven layer was obtained.

In the obtained laminated sheet, an asphalt-based adhesive having a thickness of 0.3 mm is applied onto the second waterproof layer (exposed surface) at a temperature of 160 to 180 ° C. using a coating machine, and then a release film is applied to the coated surface. Was bonded together to obtain a waterproof sheet in which an adhesive layer and a release layer were laminated on the second waterproof layer.

Comparative Example 1
A waterproof sheet was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silica sand was sprinkled on the entire surface of the first waterproof layer without laminating the smooth film.

[Evaluation of joint strength]
Two sheets prepared by cutting the waterproof sheets obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 into 300 mm (longitudinal direction) × 125 mm (width direction) were prepared, and the release layer of the first waterproof sheet was peeled off only at the overlapped portion. , 50 mm wide and bonded to the end of the resin layer of the second waterproof sheet (in Example 1, the end of the resin layer corresponding to the smooth layer) and bonded (with the adhesive layer exposed by peeling the peeling layer). It was cured in a standard state (temperature 20 ° C., humidity 51%) for 24 hours in contact with the resin layer). After the curing was completed, a sheet of 300 mm (longitudinal direction) × 200 mm (width direction) was cut in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction as follows. That is, both ends 25 mm in the longitudinal direction were cut and removed, and the remaining longitudinal direction was cut into five equal parts to prepare five test pieces having a width of 50 mm.

The width of the test piece was measured at three points of the joint to the unit of 0.1 mm, and the average value was calculated. The test piece was attached to a tensile tester (“AG-X plus” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) so that the gripping interval was 100 mm, and the test piece was pulled at a speed of 100 mm / min until the test piece broke, and the maximum load was determined. The joint strength was calculated based on the following formula.

T (joint strength N / cm) = P (maximum load N) / W (width cm of test piece)

The waterproof sheet of Comparative Example 1 was 30.4 N / cm, whereas the waterproof sheet of Example 1 was 41.4 N / cm, showing a higher bonding strength than that of Comparative Example 1.

[Evaluation of waterproofness]
Two sheets of Example 1 are cut into 70 mm square pieces to form test pieces, and the ends of the two sheets are overlapped with a width of 30 mm on a plywood having a thickness of 12 mm, and a polyvinyl chloride pipe having an inner diameter of 30 mm is formed into a sheet. The end of the opening was placed on top of the sheet so that it was in contact with the surface of the sheet, and the gap between the pipe and the sheet was sealed so that water would not seep out. Specifically, the polyvinyl chloride pipe was erected so that the center of the opening of the polyvinyl chloride pipe was located at the end of the upper sheet to be overlapped. Further, at the overlapped end portion, only the overlapped portion was bonded by overlapping with the end portion of the resin layer on the smooth layer of the adjacent test piece on the peeled surface from which the peeling layer was peeled off. From the upper opening of the pipe erected in this way, water added with ink and stirred was poured up to a head of 30 mm, and the pipe was filled. After standing for 24 hours, the pipe and the test piece were removed, the surface of the plywood was checked, and the plywood that flowed 20 mm or more from the overlapped portion of the sheets and the plywood was greatly wet was evaluated as having water leakage. When such a test was performed 5 times and evaluated, there was no water leakage in any of them.

Further, as a result of performing the same test on the waterproof sheet of Example 1 by changing the width of the overlapped end portion to 100 mm and the height of the water head to 300 mm, there was no water leakage.

Example 2
A waterproof sheet having the structure shown in FIG. 2 is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a smooth film having a width of 110 mm is bonded so that the end face of the smooth film is located 1 mm inside from the end face of the first waterproof layer. did.

Reference example 1
A waterproof sheet having the structure shown in FIG. 3 is manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a smooth film having a width of 110 mm is bonded so that the end face of the smooth film is located 3 mm outside the end face of the first waterproof layer. did. That is, the waterproof sheet 21 of Comparative Example 2 includes a peeling layer 22, an adhesive layer 23 laminated on the peeling layer 22, and a second waterproof layer 28 laminated on the adhesive layer 23. The fiber layer 24 laminated on the second waterproof layer 28, the first waterproof layer 25 laminated on the fiber layer 24, and the end portion of the first waterproof layer 25 are laminated. The smooth layer 26, the uneven layer 27 laminated on the region other than the end portion of the first waterproof layer 25, and the resin layer 29 laminated on the region corresponding to the first waterproof layer 25. The end face of the smooth layer 26 protrudes 3 mm outward from the end faces of the first waterproof layer 25 and the resin layer 29.

[Evaluation of peelability]
The waterproof sheets obtained in Example 2 and Reference Example 1 were allowed to stand in a constant temperature bath at 60 ° C. for 3 hours. When the smooth layer was lightly pinched and pulled by hand, the waterproof sheet of Reference Example 1 could be easily peeled off by hand, whereas the waterproof sheet of Example 2 could not be peeled off. ..

Since the waterproof sheet of the present invention has high waterproofness, it can be suitably used for covering the base of a building or a structure. In particular, the waterproof sheet of the present invention is excellent in workability and light weight, and is therefore particularly suitable for under-roofing materials that are used for dangerous work in high places.

1,11,21 ... Waterproof sheet 2,12,22 ... Peeling layer 3,13,23 ... Adhesive layer 4,14,24 ... Fiber layer 5,15,15a, 15b, 25 ... First waterproof layer 6,16 , 16a, 26 ... Smooth layer 7,17,17a, 27 ... Concavo-convex layer 18,28 ... Second waterproof layer 19,19a, 29 ... Resin layer

Claims (13)

With the peeling layer,
The adhesive layer laminated on one surface of this release layer and
A fiber layer laminated on this adhesive layer and formed of a fiber structure containing asphalt,
The first waterproof layer laminated on this fiber layer and
A smooth layer laminated on the end of this first waterproof layer,
A method of using a waterproof sheet in which a plurality of waterproof sheets including a concavo-convex layer laminated on a region other than the end portion of the first waterproof layer are laid side by side.
A method of using a waterproof sheet in which the peeling layer of the waterproof sheet is peeled off and the exposed adhesive layer is superposed on the smooth layer of the adjacent waterproof sheet and laid . The method of use according to claim 1, wherein the fiber structure is a non-woven fabric having a basis weight of 90 g / m ² or more. The method of use according to claim 2, wherein the non-woven fabric is a polyester-based long fiber non-woven fabric. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the smooth layer is a synthetic resin film having a smooth surface. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the uneven layer contains particles. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first waterproof layer contains asphalt, and a second waterproof layer containing asphalt further intervenes between the adhesive layer and the fiber layer. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the smooth layer is formed at one end in the direction in which the waterproof sheets are arranged. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the waterproof sheet is long and the smooth layer is formed only at one end extending in the longitudinal direction. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the outer end face of the smooth layer is located inside the end face of the first waterproof layer. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the resin layer is further laminated on the uneven layer. The method of use according to claim 10, wherein a resin layer is laminated on the entire surface of the first waterproof layer via a smooth layer and an uneven layer. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the waterproof sheet is a waterproof sheet for covering the base of a building or a structure. The method of use according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the tarpaulin is a roofing material.

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