JPH04197840A - Seat - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To considerably reduce the displacement of the head and chest portions of a passenger relative to each other even when acceleration of the passenger exceeds a predetermined value so as to support the passenger on a seat by moving at least the passenger support face of a seat back and at least the head support face of a head rest. CONSTITUTION:Should a vehicle collide with something coming from behind, a collision detection sensor 13 detects the collision and an exhaust system 9 and a moving device 11 are actuated; i.e., in the exhaust system 9, when an exhaust solenoid device 23 is excited, a movable iron core 23a is retreated to unlock a shutter 21. At the same time the shutter 21 is pulled in downward by a tension spring 25 and the exhaust opening 19 of an exhaust frame 17 is opened and gas is exhausted from an air cushion 7. In the moving device 11, when an electric signal is input to a movable solenoid device 33 and a movable iron core 33a is retreated, a stopper flange 27a is unlocked and a moving stay 27 is protrusively moved along a moving guide 31 by a compression spring 35 and a head rest 5 is moved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Purpose of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a seat that can support an occupant so as to suppress relative displacement between the head and the chest in the event of a rear-end collision of a vehicle or the like.

(Prior art) As a conventional sheet of this kind, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 48-62
There is an automobile seat shown in FIG. 10 described in Japanese Patent No. 129. That is, this automobile seat includes a seat cushion 1o1, a seat back 103, and a headrest 1.
05, the seat cushion 101 and the seat back 10B are connected by a slide rail 107, and the slide rail 107 is attached to a guide rail 111 supported on the vehicle body floor 109. These slide rails 1o7 and guide rails 111 are curved so that point Q is the center of curvature. In addition, crew member P1
The center of gravity of the seat cushion 101 and the seat back 1'03 is at a position G below the rotation center Q.

Therefore, in the event of a rear-end collision due to a rear-end collision, etc., acceleration occurs toward the front of the vehicle, and the occupant P and the seat cushion 10
1. The seat back 103 rotates rearward and upward with Q as the center of rotation, and enters the state shown by the broken line in the figure. As a result, the headrest 105 moves forward and upward, and while being cushioned by the shock absorber 113, the headrest 105 restricts the movement of the head H of the occupant P. Such movement of the headrest 105 makes it possible to reduce the rearward rotation angle α of the head H of the occupant P around the neck.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the case where the seat cushion 101 and the seat back 103 are rotated around the point Q and the headrest 105 is moved forward, the rotation angle α decreases, in other words, the passenger There was a limit to the reduction in the amount of relative movement of P's head H with respect to his chest B. That is, in order to decrease the rotation angle α, the headrest 105 may be moved further forward than shown by the broken line in FIG.
05, the radius of curvature of the slide rail 107 and guide rail 111 must be made smaller.

However, the slide rail 107 is
11, there is a limit to how much the radius of curvature can be reduced.

Further, when the seat back 103 moves as described above, the seat back 103 moves as shown by the broken line in FIG.
The upper part of the headrest will move slightly forward, as in 05. As a result, the chest B of the occupant P also moves forward, and the headrest 105 cannot move forward relative to the seat back 103 as the rotation angle α is significantly reduced.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a seat that can further reduce the relative displacement between the head and the chest.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above problems, the present invention comprises a seat cushion, a seat back, and a headrest, and at least the passenger support surface of the seat back is located at the rear of the vehicle with respect to the seat cushion. at least the head support surface of the headrest is configured to be movable by a predetermined amount toward the front of the vehicle with respect to the seat back, and a releasable device is configured to limit the movement of the occupant support surface of the seat back. a first restricting means; a releasable second restricting means for restricting the movement of at least the head support surface of the headrest; and when the first restricting means is released, at least the occupant on the seat back A first method for instantaneously making the movement of the support surface.
and a second urging means for instantaneously causing the movement of at least the head support surface of the headrest when the second restricting means is released, and the vehicle acceleration exceeds a predetermined value. When the first. The configuration is such that a release means for releasing the second restriction means is provided.

(Function) According to the above configuration, when the acceleration of a vehicle such as an automobile exceeds a predetermined value, the first release means is activated. The second restriction means is released. Therefore, by releasing the first restricting means, the first biasing means or at least the passenger support surface of the seat back is instantly movable. Further, by releasing the second restricting means, the second biasing means or at least the head support surface of the headrest is made movable instantly.

(Example) This invention will be described in detail below.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a seat according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied as an automobile seat, for example. In other words, this seat has seat cushion 1,
It consists of a seat back 3 and a headrest 5.

The seat back 3 has at least its passenger support surface 3a.
is configured to be movable by a predetermined amount relative to the seat cushion 1 in the backward direction (to the rear of the vehicle) of a vehicle, for example, an automobile. That is, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
An air action 7 is built into the inner upper part, and the air action 7 is configured to be movable so as to recess the passenger support surface 3a in the backward direction at a position corresponding to the chest B of the passenger P by exhausting the air from the air action 7. For this purpose, the air suction 7 is provided with an exhaust device 9 as shown in FIG.

Further, the headrest 5 includes at least a head support surface 5a.
is configured to be movable by a predetermined amount in the vehicle forward direction (vehicle forward direction) with respect to the seat back 3. That is, in this embodiment, the headrest 5 is supported by the seat back 3 by the curved moving device 1.

The exhaust device 9 and the moving device 11 are connected to a power source 15 via a collision detection sensor 13 as a release means.

Therefore, when the vehicle receives a rear-end collision, the collision detection sensor 10 detects the collision and issues a signal when the forward acceleration exceeds a predetermined value. This signal is sent to the exhaust device 9 and the moving device 11, and the air suction 7 is exhausted, and the headrest 5 is moved forward and upward as shown in FIG. - On the other hand, iP tries to move backward due to inertia. Therefore, the upper body of the occupant P is seat hack 3
3), the seat back 3 does not support the upper body of the occupant P, as shown by the broken line in FIG. As shown in the figure, it is pressed against the occupant support surface 3a of the seat back 3 and moves slightly rearward. Therefore, this implementation'
In the example, the movable configuration of the occupant support surface 3a is as follows:
It is not a device that actively moves a with an actuator, but a passive device that moves with the weight of the occupant P when the weight of the passenger P increases. (BL, as described later, may be actively moved.

On the other hand, the head H tries to move backward due to inertia, but since the headrest 5 is moving forward and upward, the head H moves backward by approximately the same amount as the upper body of the occupant P, as shown by the solid line in the figure. From this point on, the head H is supported by the head support surface 5a of the headrest 5.

Therefore, the relative displacement between the head H and the chest B of the occupant P can be almost eliminated.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show the exhaust device 9. FIG. This exhaust device 9 has an exhaust frame 17 supported by a seat back frame or the like, and this exhaust frame 17 is attached to the rear side of the air action 7 and includes an exhaust port 19. A shutter 21 is provided at one of the exhaust ports to open and close the exhaust port 19.

An exhaust solenoid device 23 is located in the middle of the exhaust frame 17.
is provided, and the movable iron core 23a protrudes in a non-energized state and engages with the lower end of the shutter 21 to lock the shutter 21 in the closed state. Therefore, the shutter 21 and the exhaust solenoid device 23 constitute releasable first restriction means for restricting the movement of the occupant support surface 3a of the seat back 3.

Further, a tension spring 25 is attached to the lower part of the exhaust frame 17, and this tension spring 25 is connected to the shutter 2.
It is connected to the lower end of 1. Therefore, when the shutter 21 is locked or released by the exhaust solenoid device 23,
The shutter 21 is pulled below the exhaust frame 17 by the tension spring 25, and one exhaust port is opened. Therefore, the tension spring 25 constitutes a first biasing means that instantaneously moves at least the occupant support surface 3a of the seat back 3 when the first restricting means is released.

Therefore, according to this exhaust device 9, the exhaust solenoid device 2
When an electric signal is sent to 3 and excited, the movable iron core 23a
evacuate and unlock the shutter 21. At the same time, the shutter 21 is pulled downward by the biasing force of the tension spring 25, the exhaust port 19 of the exhaust frame 17 is opened as shown in FIG. 5(b), and the air is exhausted from the air suction 7. Therefore, the effect shown in FIG. 3 can be achieved.

FIG. 6 shows a moving device 11 for the headrest 5. As shown in FIG.

This moving device 11 supports two moving stays 27 of the headrest 5 on a seat back frame 29. A pair of moving guides 31 curved in the front-rear direction as described above are attached to the seat back frame 29, and the moving stay 27 is guided in movement by the moving guides 31. Further, a stopper flange 27a is provided at the lower end of the movable stay 27, and this stopper flange 27a is locked to the movable iron core 33a of the movable solenoid device 133. And moving solenoid device 3
When the locking of the stopper flange 27a by the movable iron core 33a is released by the excitation of the seat back 3
The stopper flange 27a and the moving solenoid device 33 constitute a releasable second restriction means that restricts the movement of at least the head support surface 5a of the headrest 5. .

Further, a compression spring 35 is interposed between the movable stay 27 and the movable guide 31, and the stopper flange 27
When the lock of a is released, the movable stay 27 is moved to the position shown in FIG. 6 (
It is designed to instantly project from the state shown in a) to the state shown in FIG. 6(b). Therefore, the compression spring 35
The second urging means is configured to cause at least the head support surface 5a of the headrest 5 to move instantaneously when the restriction means is released.

Therefore, according to this moving device 11, when an electric signal is manually applied to the moving solenoid device 33 and the movable iron core 33a is retracted, the stopper flange 27a is released from the stopper flange 27a, and the moving stay 27 is moved toward the moving guide 31 by the biasing force of the compression spring 35. The headrest 5 protrudes and moves while being guided by the curvature of the headrest 5.
Alternatively, the action 7 in FIG. 3 can be performed by moving from FIG. 6(a) to FIG. 6(b).

FIG. 7 shows the effect of the present invention in comparison with the conventional example (the solid line represents the present invention, and the dashed line represents the conventional example).

First, to explain the prerequisite conditions, it is assumed that the clearance between the headrest 5 and the head H of the occupant P is 100 mm as shown in FIG. 7(A).

In addition, as shown in (B) and (C) in the same figure, the collision detection sensor 1
3 turned on 10m5 after the collision, and then 27m5
After that, seat back 3 will move 50mm backwards.
m), the headrest 5 moves forward by 30 mm. In addition, as shown in Fig. 7(a), the G generated by the vehicle body at the initial stage of the collision is a rectangular wave that rises 5 ms after the start of the collision.
b).

The vehicle speed and vehicle body displacement due to the collision are determined as shown in Cc).

Based on this premise, the headrest 5 moves forward by 30mm as described above, so the head H and the headrest 5
The collision occurred 37m5 after the collision, when the vehicle body moved forward by 7m.
It becomes when 0rr+4+moves, and from that time the same figure (
d) As shown by the solid line, the head displacement is almost the same as the vehicle body displacement.

On the other hand, the occupant support surface 3a of the seat back 3 is moved 50m rearward.
m, and the chest B is slightly moved forward by about 20 mm due to the initial acceleration applied from the time when the vehicle body G is generated due to the collision until the seat back starts moving (5 to 10 m5). ), so the upper body of the occupant P comes into contact with the seat back 3 only when the vehicle body moves forward by 70 mm. Therefore, the head H and the chest B are supported almost simultaneously, and the relative displacement between them is about 20 mm, which is the amount of the slight forward movement caused by the initial acceleration, as shown in FIG. 7(f).

In the case of a seat without any countermeasures, the head H will come into contact with the headrest when the vehicle body moves forward by 100 mm, as shown by the dotted chain line in Figure 7(d), and the chest B will come into contact with the headrest. The displacement is almost the same as the vehicle body displacement, as indicated by the dashed line in FIG. Therefore, the relative displacement between the chest and the head becomes as large as 100 mm, as indicated by the dashed line in FIG.

Furthermore, even if the headrest 105 moves forward, for example, by 30 mm in the conventional example shown in FIG.
The relative displacement between the head and the chest is 70 mm.

Therefore, it can be seen that in this embodiment of the invention, the relative displacement between the head and the chest is significantly reduced, and the safety of the occupant is significantly improved.

Furthermore, since the movement of the seat back 3 and the movement of the headrest 5 are performed using different configurations, it is easy to set the respective movement amounts, and rapid movement is possible.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, the seat back 41 is formed in two stages and has a center-folding structure. With this center-folding structure, the seat hack 41 is folded in the middle from the state shown by the solid line in FIG. 8 to the state shown by the broken line in FIG. 8, thereby moving the seat hack 41 as a whole rearward. Note that the headrest 5 has the same configuration as in the above embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows the folding mechanism 43, which is connected to the seat cushion frame 45 at the lower end of the seat hack frame 47 at a first joint 49. Further, the seat back frame 47 is composed of an upper frame 47a and a lower frame 47b, and both frames 47a and 47b are
The joints 51 are connected. Each joint 49.degree. 5] is rotatable in response to an input of a predetermined torque or more, and constitutes the first limiting means in this embodiment. Both joints 49.51 are adjusted so that the first joint 49 rotates with a smaller torque, and both joints 49.51 are adjusted to rotate by the amount of rotation necessary to move the seat back 41 a predetermined distance backwards. It has a structure that stops at an angle. Furthermore, these four first joints and the second joint 51 are connected to the pulley 49.
a.

It is connected to an explosive piston 55 by a wire 53 at 51a. This explosive piston 55 constitutes the first biasing means in this embodiment.

As mentioned above, when the signal from the collision sensor 13 is input to the gunpowder piston 55, tension is generated in the wire 53, and the wire 53 is connected to both joints 49 via the pulleys 49a, 5], a.
．． 51, a torque of more than a predetermined value is generated, and the seat back frame 47 is deformed from the broken line shown in FIG. 9 to the solid line shown in FIG. Therefore, the same effects as in the above embodiment can be achieved. Also, in this embodiment, joint 4
By adjusting the rotation angle of 9.51, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the backward movement.

Note that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, moving the head support surface of the headrest is not limited to moving the entire headrest, but can also be accomplished by inflating an airbag built into the headrest. Further, the limiting means and the urging means may be integrally configured, and may function as an urging function at the same time as the restriction is released. Furthermore, the seat of the present invention can be applied not only to automobiles but also to other vehicles, ships, etc.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiments, only a collision from the rear was explained, but it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to a collision from the front.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above, according to the configuration of the present invention, when the vehicle acceleration exceeds a predetermined value due to movement of at least the occupant support surface of the seatback and movement of at least the head support surface of the headrest. However, it is possible to significantly reduce the relative displacement between the occupant's head and chest, allowing them to be supported by the seat.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of air suction, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the operation, Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the exhaust system, and Fig. 5 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the same, FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the moving device, FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the effect, FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a sheet according to another embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a diagram of the center-folding mechanism. The side view and FIG. 10 are schematic configuration diagrams of a conventional sheet. 1... Seat cushion 3... Seat back 5
...Headrest 3a...Occupant support surface 7...
- Air action 13...Collision detection sensor (release means) 21...Shutter (first restriction means) 23...Exhaust soinoid device (first restriction means) 25...Tension spring (first attachment means) (biasing means) 27a...Stopper flange (second limiting means) 33...Movement solenoid device (second limiting means) 35...Compression spring (second biasing means) 49.
...First joint (first limiting means) 51...Second joint (first limiting means) 55...Gunpowder piston (first o' biasing means) Agent Patent attorney Miyoshi Miyoshi
Hidekazu Figure 4 (a) (b) Figure 5 1... Seat cushion 3... Seat cushion 5... Headrest 3a... Occupant support surface 7
... Air actuator 13 ... Collision detection sensor (release means) 21 ... Shutter (first restriction means) 23 ... Exhaust soinoid device (first restriction means) 25 ... Tension spring (first (biasing means) 27 m... Stopper flange (second limiting means) 33... Moving solenoid equipment [(second limiting means) 35... Compression spring (second biasing means) 49...
...First joint (first limiting means) 51...Second joint (first limiting means) 55...Explosive piston (first urging means) Go to Fig. 1-1. Figure 8

Claims (1)

[Claims] Consisting of a seat cushion, a seat back, and a headrest, at least the passenger support surface of the seat back is configured to be movable by a predetermined amount toward the rear of the vehicle relative to the seat cushion, and at least the head support surface of the headrest is configured to move toward the rear of the vehicle relative to the seat back. Constructed to be able to move forward a predetermined amount,
a releasable first restriction means for restricting the movement of the occupant support surface of the seat back; a releasable second restriction means for restricting the movement of at least the head support surface of the headrest; A first biasing means is provided for instantaneously causing the movement of at least the occupant support surface of the seat back when the first restricting means is released; The present invention is characterized in that a second urging means is provided for instantaneously causing the movement of the support surface, and a releasing means is provided for releasing the first and second limiting means when the vehicle acceleration exceeds a predetermined value. sheet.