JPH0416806A - Optical fiber and production thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber and production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0416806A JPH0416806A JP2120788A JP12078890A JPH0416806A JP H0416806 A JPH0416806 A JP H0416806A JP 2120788 A JP2120788 A JP 2120788A JP 12078890 A JP12078890 A JP 12078890A JP H0416806 A JPH0416806 A JP H0416806A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- ions
- polymer
- coating layer
- cladding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 101150110330 CRAT gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 organoborinoxane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SHXHPUAKLCCLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)C(F)(F)F SHXHPUAKLCCLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHUDAMLDXFJHJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C(F)(F)F FHUDAMLDXFJHJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 101000606535 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039665 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical class CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は、光ファイバ及びその製法に関し、より詳しく
は、高強度、高開口数（ＮＡ）、低損失のプラスチック
クラツド光ファイバ及びその製法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an optical fiber and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, a plastic-clad optical fiber with high strength, high numerical aperture (NA), and low loss and a method for manufacturing the same. Regarding.
［従来の技術と問題点］
従来、プラスチッククラット光ファイバにおいて、クラ
ツド材として種々の材料、例えば、オルガノ゛ボリンロ
キサン、ポリテトラフルオコエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）／ポ
リビニリデンフルオライド（ＰＶｄＦ）、ポリフルオロ
アルキル（メタ）アクリレート、ＵＶ硬化フッ化アクリ
レートが使用されている。しかし、従来の材料から形成
され１ニクラツドを有する光ファイバは、満足できる性
質を有するものではなかった。[Prior Art and Problems] Conventionally, various materials have been used as cladding materials in plastic clad optical fibers, such as organoborinoxane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyfluoroalkyl ( meth)acrylates, UV-cured fluorinated acrylates are used. However, optical fibers made from conventional materials and having 1 nickrad have not had satisfactory properties.
例えば、オルガノボリンロキサンをクラツド材として使
用する場合に、クラッドの屈折率の下限に限界があり、
クラッドのヤング率か低い。しｆニた、（バンドルファ
イバのため細径化か必要である力りクラッド薄膜化に限
界があり、光コアイノく強度が低く、圧着式コネクタ付
けにより光ファイバに大きな光損失増加が生じる。For example, when using organoborinoxane as a cladding material, there is a limit to the lower limit of the refractive index of the cladding.
Young's modulus of cladding is low. On the other hand, since it is a bundled fiber, there is a limit to the thinning of the strain cladding, which is necessary to reduce the diameter, the strength of the optical core is low, and the attachment of a crimp-type connector causes a large increase in optical loss in the optical fiber.
ＰＴＰＥ／ＰＶｄＦをクラツド材として（費用する場合
に、クラッドに結晶性が残っておりクラ・ノドが不透明
であり、光ファイバの低損失化に限界がある。If PTPE/PVdF is used as the cladding material, the cladding remains crystalline and the cladding node is opaque, which limits the ability to reduce the loss of the optical fiber.
ポリフルオロアルキル（メタ）アクリレートをクラツド
材として使用する場合に、クラットの熱変形温度が低い
。したがって、光ファイバは、高温において強度が不足
し、高温における圧着コネクタによるファイバ保持力が
低い。When polyfluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate is used as a cladding material, the thermal distortion temperature of the cladding is low. Therefore, the optical fiber lacks strength at high temperatures, and the fiber retention force by the crimp connector at high temperatures is low.
Ｕｖ硬化フッ化アクリレートをクラツド材として使用す
る場合に、クラッドのフッ素含有量に限界があるので、
光ファイバの高ＮＡ化に限界かある。When using UV-cured fluorinated acrylate as a cladding material, there is a limit to the fluorine content of the cladding.
Is there a limit to increasing the NA of optical fiber?
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
本発明の目的は、高ＮＡ、高強度かつ高耐熱性であり、
細径にてきるプラスチッククラット光ファイバを提供す
ることにある。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The objects of the present invention are high NA, high strength and high heat resistance,
The object of the present invention is to provide a plastic clad optical fiber having a small diameter.
［課題を解決する１こめの手段〕
本発明の要旨は、コアか石英又は光学ガラスからなり、
クラッドがコアよりも低屈折率の有機高分子材料からな
る光ファイバにおいて、電圧加速されたｐｅイオンが有
機高分子材料に打ち込まれていることを特徴とする光フ
ァイバに存する。[First Means to Solve the Problem] The gist of the present invention is that the core is made of quartz or optical glass,
The present invention is an optical fiber in which the cladding is made of an organic polymeric material having a lower refractive index than the core, and the optical fiber is characterized in that voltage-accelerated PE ions are implanted into the organic polymeric material.
本発明の光ファイバの製造は、プリフォームを溶融線引
し、有機高分子材料をコーティングしてコーティング層
を形成した後、コーチインク層にＦ０イオンを注入する
ことによって行える。The optical fiber of the present invention can be manufactured by melt-drawing a preform, coating it with an organic polymer material to form a coating layer, and then implanting F0 ions into the coach ink layer.
本発明において光ファイバのコアは、石英又は光学ガラ
スからなる。In the present invention, the core of the optical fiber is made of quartz or optical glass.
クラッドを形成する有機高分子材料の例（ま、フッ素を
含有することもあるスチレン系重合体、アクリル系重合
体及びエチレン系重合体、例えば、ポリスチレン、ポリ
−２，２，２−）リフルオロエチルメタクリレート、Ｐ
ＴＦＥ、ＰＴＦＥ／ＰＶｄＰ、
Ｒ，Ｒｔ
［式中、Ｒ３及びＲ２は水素又はメチル基、Ｒｆはフル
オロアルキル基、ＲＸはアルキル基を表す。］などであ
る。有機高分子材料は、ｐｅイオン注入後も透明であり
、Ｆｅイオン注入により分解しない有機高分子材料であ
る。有機高分子材料は、フッ素を含有しなくてもよいが
、好ましくはフッ素含有高分子材料である。Examples of organic polymeric materials forming the cladding (styrenic polymers, acrylic polymers, and ethylene polymers that may contain fluorine, such as polystyrene, poly-2,2,2-), refluorinated Ethyl methacrylate, P
TFE, PTFE/PVdP, R, Rt [wherein R3 and R2 represent hydrogen or a methyl group, Rf represents a fluoroalkyl group, and RX represents an alkyl group. ] etc. The organic polymer material is transparent even after PE ion implantation and does not decompose due to Fe ion implantation. The organic polymeric material does not need to contain fluorine, but is preferably a fluorine-containing polymeric material.
有機高分子材料を溶融押出することによって、有機高分
子材料の溶液を塗布した後に乾燥することによって、あ
るいは有機高分子材料を塗布し１こ後Ｕｖ放射線硬化に
よってコーチインク層を形成する。次いでコーティング
層にＦ６イオンを打ち込むことによってクラッドを形成
する。クラットの厚さは、通常、１〜１００μｍ、好ま
しくは５〜２０μ仄である。本発明のクラット材には種
々の添加剤、例えば、コアとクラフトの密着性向上のた
めンランカップリング剤、消泡剤、レベリング剤、界面
活性剤、着色剤、耐光安定剤等を加えることかできる。The coach ink layer is formed by melt-extruding the organic polymeric material, by applying a solution of the organic polymeric material and then drying it, or by applying the organic polymeric material and then curing it with UV radiation. A cladding is then formed by implanting F6 ions into the coating layer. The thickness of the crat is usually 1 to 100 μm, preferably 5 to 20 μm. Various additives may be added to the krat material of the present invention, such as a run coupling agent, an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent, a surfactant, a coloring agent, a light stabilizer, etc. to improve the adhesion between the core and the kraft. can.
電子加速されたｐ６イオンを打ち込むには、例えば、質
量分離型イオン注入装置を使用する。この装置は、原料
ガスあるいは固体及び液体原料を気化したものをアーク
放電等の気中放電により電離させて生じるイオンを電場
により加速し、電磁石を利用した質量分析器により必要
とするイオンを取り出した後、さらに必要な速度となる
様にこのイオンを加速あるいは減速し、これを収束させ
てターゲットに打ち込むものである。イオノ加速エネル
ギーは、打ち込む深さにより異なり、１０ＫｅＶ〜ＩＯ
ＭｅＶである。Ｆ”イオン源は、フッ素ガス、金属フッ
化物、例えば、フッ化マクネノウム、フッ化アルミニウ
ム、有機フッ化物、例えよ、トリフルオロアセチルアセ
トン、トリフルオロアセトンである。For example, a mass separation type ion implantation device is used to implant electron-accelerated p6 ions. This device uses an electric field to accelerate the ions produced by ionizing the vaporized raw material gas or solid or liquid raw materials using an air discharge such as an arc discharge, and extracts the necessary ions using a mass spectrometer using an electromagnet. After that, the ions are further accelerated or decelerated to the required speed, and the ions are focused and driven into the target. The ion acceleration energy varies depending on the implantation depth, and ranges from 10 KeV to IO.
MeV. F'' ion sources are fluorine gas, metal fluorides such as macanium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, organic fluorides such as trifluoroacetylacetone, trifluoroacetone.
ｐｅイオン注入後のクラットは、透明であり、コアガラ
スよりも低屈折率である。クラット中に打ち込まれたＰ
”は１ｘ１０” 〜ＩＸＩ ０１７ｃｍ−’である。ク
ラッドは、−２０〜１２５℃、好ましくは一４０〜１５
０°Ｃの範囲内に相転移点を持ｆニないことが好ましい
。The crat after PE ion implantation is transparent and has a lower refractive index than the core glass. P driven into the crut
" is 1x10" ~ IXI 017 cm-'. The cladding temperature is -20 to 125°C, preferably -40 to 15°C.
It is preferable that the phase transition point is not within the range of 0°C.
有機高分子材料の種類を選択することによって、高強度
、高ヤング率、高耐熱性のクラッドを作成できる。また
、すでにフッ素を含有している有機高分子材料にｐｅイ
オンを注入することによって、有機高分子材料をさらに
低屈折率化できる。By selecting the type of organic polymer material, a cladding with high strength, high Young's modulus, and high heat resistance can be created. Further, by implanting PE ions into an organic polymer material that already contains fluorine, the refractive index of the organic polymer material can be further lowered.
［発明の好ましい態様］
以下、実施例及び比較例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明
する。[Preferred Embodiments of the Invention] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
実施例１
多成分ガラスロッドを直径２００μｍに線引後、メチル
エチルケトンに溶解したポリスチレンをデイツプコーテ
ィングし、加熱乾燥して１０μこ厚のコーティング層を
形成した。Ｆ、ガスを原料として加速電圧］ＭｅＶにて
Ｉ ＸＩ ０１５ｃｍ ’のＦ２イオンをコーティング
層に注入し、クラットを影成し、光ファイバを作成した
。光ファイバの開口数は０゜３５、クラッドの熱変形温
度は１５０’ｃ、光ファイバの破断強度は２５に９であ
った。Example 1 A multi-component glass rod was drawn to a diameter of 200 μm, then dip coated with polystyrene dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone and dried by heating to form a coating layer with a thickness of 10 μm. F2 ions of I XI 015 cm' were injected into the coating layer at an accelerating voltage of [MeV] using F gas as a raw material to form a crat, thereby producing an optical fiber. The numerical aperture of the optical fiber was 0°35, the thermal deformation temperature of the cladding was 150'c, and the breaking strength of the optical fiber was 9 in 25.
実施例２
実施例１と同様の多成分ガラスロッドを直径２００μｌ
に線引後、メチルエチルケトンに溶解したポリ−２，２
，２−トリフルオロエチルメタクリレートをデイツプコ
ーティングし、加熱乾燥してｌＯμ！厚のコーティング
層を形成した。実施例１と同様の条件で、Ｆ、ガスを原
料として加速電圧Ｉ ＭｅＶにてｐｅイオンをコーティ
ング層に注入し、クラッドを形成し、光ファイバを作成
した。Example 2 Multi-component glass rod similar to Example 1 with a diameter of 200 μl
After drawing, poly-2,2 dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone
, 2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate was dip-coated and heated and dried to obtain lOμ! A thick coating layer was formed. Under the same conditions as in Example 1, pe ions were implanted into the coating layer using F and gas as raw materials at an accelerating voltage of I MeV to form a cladding, and an optical fiber was produced.
光ファイバの開口数は０．４５、クラッドの熱変形温度
は７０℃、先ファイバの破断強度は６５ｋｇであった。The numerical aperture of the optical fiber was 0.45, the thermal deformation temperature of the cladding was 70° C., and the breaking strength of the tip fiber was 65 kg.
比較例１
実施例２と同様の多成分ガラスロッドを直径２００μ旧
こ線引後、メチルエチルケトンに溶解したポリ−２，２
，２−トリフルオロエチルメタクリレートをデイツプコ
ーティングし、加熱乾燥して１０μ次厚のクラッド層を
形成し、光ファイバを作成した。光ファイバの開口数は
０．４０、クラブトの熱変形温度は７０℃、光ファイバ
の破断強度は７に９であった。Comparative Example 1 A multi-component glass rod similar to Example 2 was drawn with a diameter of 200 μm, and then poly-2,2 dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone was drawn.
, 2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate was dip-coated and heated and dried to form a cladding layer having a thickness of 10 μm to prepare an optical fiber. The numerical aperture of the optical fiber was 0.40, the Crabt thermal deformation temperature was 70° C., and the breaking strength of the optical fiber was 7 to 9.
Ｕ発明の効果コ
本発明によれば、光ファイバのクラッドは、低屈折率、
高ヤング率、高強度かつ高耐熱性であり、薄肉にするこ
とができる。したがって、本発明の光ファイバは、高Ｎ
Ａ、高強度、高耐熱性であり、細径にできる。According to the present invention, the cladding of the optical fiber has a low refractive index,
It has high Young's modulus, high strength, and high heat resistance, and can be made thin. Therefore, the optical fiber of the present invention has a high N
A. It has high strength and high heat resistance, and can be made into a small diameter.
特許出願人住友電気工業株式会社 代理 人弁理士 青白 葆 はかＩ名Patent applicant Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Acting Patent Attorney Aohaku Ao Haka I
Claims (1)
アよりも低屈折率の有機高分子材料からなる光ファイバ
において、電圧加速されたＦ＾■イオンが有機高分子材
料に打ち込まれていることを特徴とする光ファイバ。 ２、Ｆ＾■イオンを打ち込む前の有機高分子材料がフッ
素含有高分子材料である請求項１記載の光ファイバ。 ３、Ｆ＾■イオンの原料がフッ素ガス、金属フッ化物又
は有機フッ化物である請求項１記載の光ファイバ。 ４、プリフォームを溶融線引し、有機高分子材料をコー
ティングしてコーティング層を形成した後、コーティン
グ層にＦ＾■イオンを注入することを特徴とする請求項
１記載の光ファイバの製法。[Claims] 1. In an optical fiber in which the core is made of quartz or optical glass and the cladding is made of an organic polymer material with a lower refractive index than the core, voltage-accelerated F^■ ions are transferred to the organic polymer material. An optical fiber characterized by being driven into the fiber. 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the organic polymer material before implanting the F^ ions is a fluorine-containing polymer material. 3. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the raw material for the F^ ions is fluorine gas, a metal fluoride, or an organic fluoride. 4. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the preform is melt-drawn and coated with an organic polymer material to form a coating layer, and then F^ ions are implanted into the coating layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2120788A JPH0416806A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | Optical fiber and production thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2120788A JPH0416806A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | Optical fiber and production thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0416806A true JPH0416806A (en) | 1992-01-21 |
Family
ID=14795016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2120788A Pending JPH0416806A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | Optical fiber and production thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0416806A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62139951A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-23 | Mazda Motor Corp | Cylinder structure for engine |
| JPS62265085A (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-11-17 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Frame for car such as motorcycle |
| JPS635839A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-11 | Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd | Die forging integral type crank shaft |
| JPH01299358A (en) * | 1988-05-24 | 1989-12-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Device for loading cam |
-
1990
- 1990-05-10 JP JP2120788A patent/JPH0416806A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62139951A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-23 | Mazda Motor Corp | Cylinder structure for engine |
| JPS62265085A (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-11-17 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Frame for car such as motorcycle |
| JPS635839A (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-11 | Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd | Die forging integral type crank shaft |
| JPH01299358A (en) * | 1988-05-24 | 1989-12-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Device for loading cam |
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