JPH04144613A - Culture of grifola frondosa and bin used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently culture dense Grifola frondosa having a good shape free from cavity by using a bin by culturing Grifola frondosa by the use of a bin having a cap comprising an outer cover and an inner cover with an inner cover opening part at the central part and fast sticking the inner cover to the top of a culture medium. CONSTITUTION:A culture medium 15 consisting essentially of sawdust is packed into a bin 14 and the mouth of the bin is covered with a cap 1 to culture Grifola frondosa. In the operation, the cap 1 consisting of an outer cover 2 and an inner cover 3 separated at an interval enough to form a primordium 16 is used. Namely, the cap 1 wherein an inner cover opening part 7 is bored through the bottom of the inner cover 3 and an air-permeable various shielding film is stretched and attached to an outer cover opening part 4 bored through the top of the outer cover 2 is fixed to the bin by fast sticking the bottom of the inner cover 3 to the culture medium 15 and the outer cover 2 of the cat is removed at a stage when the primordium 16 is grown in space between the inner cover 3 and the outer cover 2. Consequently, dense Grifola frondosa having a good shape free from cavity is effectively cultured, readily collected and the whole developed fruit body can be eaten.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention provides an efficient method for cultivating Maitake mushrooms that uses mainly sawdust as a culture medium and a bottle as a container to prevent hollowing in the center of the fruiting body. Regarding the bottle used for this.

[Conventional technology]

Maitake mushrooms are susceptible to bacteria, and the culture and cultivation temperature is 18 to 20 degrees Celsius.
This mushroom is difficult to cultivate as it is easily attacked by various bacteria due to its relatively high price. Recently, the technology for cultivating Maitake mushrooms has been improved, and the amount on the market is gradually increasing.

The main methods for cultivating Maitake mushrooms are bag cultivation using a germ-blocking film and bottle cultivation in which bottles are used repeatedly. Since the mushrooms produced in bottle cultivation are generally small, they can be shipped to retail markets such as supermarkets in their original form, and have the advantage that buyers who buy in small quantities can buy one mushroom in its original form. As a bottle cultivation method, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-34573 discloses a cultivation method in which the space between the surface of the culture medium and the cap is partitioned into two chambers.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Furthermore, bottle cultivation has the disadvantage that the center of the grown fruit body becomes hollow, as shown in FIGS. 4(B) and 4(C), due to the shape of the bottle. The hollowed fruiting body has a bad shape, has a poor taste, and not only is the stem inedible and wasted, but also its commercial value is significantly reduced. Said Special Publication No. 2-34
Although Publication No. 573 has a description regarding productivity improvement,
There is no mention of the issue of hollowing.

Therefore, even though it is grown in bottles, we ensure that it does not become hollow.
There is a need for a method for producing Maitake mushrooms with high commercial value.

[Means of problem solving]

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its structure is to provide a method for cultivating Maitake mushrooms by filling a bottle with a culture medium mainly composed of sawdust and covering the bottle opening with a cap. Using a cap consisting of an outer lid and an inner lid separated by a sufficient distance, an inner lid opening is bored in the bottom of the inner lid, and a breathable germ-blocking film is placed in the outer lid opening bored in the top of the outer lid. The attached cap is attached with the bottom surface of the inner lid in close contact with the culture medium, and the outer lid of the cap is removed when the primordium has grown in the space between the inner lid and the outer lid.

The bottle used in the present invention may be a normal wide-mouth bottle made of ordinary glass or plastic, and the diameter of the bottle opening is slightly narrower than that of the main body, and the bottle opening has a cylindrical shape that can be airtightly sealed with the cap of the present invention. If so, you can use it.

The culture medium generally uses sawdust and contains nutrients such as bran, rice bran, and corn bran. Depending on the case, other culture promoters, plant hormones, etc. may be added, but in that case, the material must be able to withstand steam sterilization for a relatively long period of time. If a substance that cannot be tolerated is used, it will be added later.

In the present invention, the cap that seals the bottle opening consists of an outer lid and an inner lid. The outer lid consists of a top surface and a side wall extending downward from around the top surface, and has a shape that seals the bottle mouth from the outside.
In reality, it can be used with the outer lid attached as long as germs do not invade from the outside. An outer lid opening is made on the top surface, and a breathable germ-blocking film is attached to this outer lid opening, so that when the bottle is attached to the bottle, there is a sufficient supply of air from the outside and prevents germs from entering. It is something that will be done. Furthermore, an engaging means for detachably attaching the inner cover is provided inside.

The air-permeable germ-blocking film to be attached to the outer lid opening is preferably one of various commercially available microporous membranes or porous films, but even non-woven fabric, Japanese paper, special western paper, etc. can actually block out germs. Any material that is both flexible and breathable can be used.

The inner cover, which is detachably attached to the outer cover, has a side wall extending upward from the periphery of the bottom surface of the inner cover, and is housed within the outer cover. When attached to the outer lid, sufficient space for primordium formation can be secured between the outer lid and the inner lid, and the side wall must be deep enough to be in close contact with the surface of the culture medium. An inner cover opening is bored in the center of the lower surface of the inner cover. The size of the opening of the inner lid is large enough to generate a primordium suitable for the growth of large, dense mushrooms without cavities. The means for engaging the inner and outer lids is particularly limited, such as the bayonet method, fitting method, or screw method, as long as the outer lid can be easily removed leaving only the inner lid when the primordium has grown sufficiently. There isn't.

To cultivate Maitake mushrooms, mix sawdust with sugar and other ingredients as necessary, fill the bottle with an amount that will make the inner lid fit tightly when the inner lid is placed on top, and sterilize the bottle and culture medium by steam sterilization. do. At this time, the cap may be sterilized at the same time or separately. Inoculum is inoculated into the sterilized culture medium after it has been left to cool, and culture is continued by sealing the bottle mouth with the outer lid attached to the inner lid.

At this time, the inner lid must be in close contact with the culture medium.

When the culture progresses and the hyphae are sufficiently spread on the culture medium, primordia are formed from the top surface of the culture medium, but in the present invention, since the inner lid is in close contact with the culture medium leaving the center part, it is possible to form primordia from the inner lid opening. Only primordia occur.

When the primordium has grown sufficiently, and before it comes into contact with the outer cap, only the outer cap is removed and the culture is continued, so that well-shaped maitake mushrooms as shown in FIG. 3 can be collected.

When collecting Maitake mushrooms, cut the fruiting body at the opening of the inner cap, just close to the opening of the inner cap. You can use a knife to cut it, but you can also just pinch it with your hands and twist the base.

No culture medium was attached to the collected fruiting bodies.

[Effect]

The present invention is characterized in that culture is performed using a bottle having a cap consisting of an outer lid and an inner lid having an inner lid opening in the center, and the inner lid is in close contact with the top surface of the culture medium. As a result, when hyphae have sufficiently spread, primordia cannot be generated from any site other than the inner lid opening. therefore,
The area where the primordium is generated can be adjusted, and the site of generation can be limited to the center. Since the area where the primordium is generated is limited, sufficient nutrients are supplied to the primordium that has been generated, as shown in Figure 4 (A).
, (D) and (E), there are no cavities and large, well-shaped mushrooms can be harvested.

Furthermore, when collecting mushrooms, if the fruiting body is cut from the root just close to the opening of the inner cap, the entire fruiting body can be collected, and excellent Maitake mushrooms with no inedible culture medium attached can be obtained.

〔Example〕

(A) and (B) of FIG. 1 are plan views of a cap according to an embodiment of the present invention disassembled into an upper lid and an inner lid, and (C) is a cross-sectional view showing a state of engagement between the cap and a bottle. It is.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a cap, which consists of an outer cover 2 and an inner cover 3. The outer lid 2 had an outer lid opening 4 in the center, and a microporous membrane 5 was adhered to cover the outer lid opening 4. The outer cover 2 includes a circular upper surface 9 and a side wall 8 extending perpendicularly from the upper surface 9. An engagement member 6 consisting of three thick parts is made to protrude with a slight gap left between the upper part of the side wall 8 on the inner surface of the outer lid 2 and the upper surface 9.

The inner lid 3 has a bottom surface 10 having an inner lid opening 7 formed in the center thereof, and an inner lid side wall 11 extending upward from the bottom surface 10.
An engaging member 6° that engages with the engaging member 6 projected from the side wall 8 of the outer lid 2 is projected from the upper end. Inside the outer lid 2,
Insert the inner lid side wall 11 of the inner lid 3 leaving a space 12 between the outer lid top surface 9 and the inner lid bottom surface 10, and then connect the engaging member 6 of the inner lid 2 and the engaging member 6'' of the inner lid 3. When engaged, a cap 1 is formed between the outer cover 2 and the inner cover 3, leaving a gap in which the bottle opening can be inserted.This is placed over the bottle opening 13 of the bottle 14 as shown in FIG. 1(C). .15 is a culture medium.Or bottle mouth 1
It is also possible to attach the outer cover 2 to the bottle opening 13 while engaging the inner cover 3 with the inner cover 3 attached to the bottle.

In the present invention, a bottle 14 having an internal capacity of 900 to 1000 cc was filled with a culture medium containing hardwood sawdust and bran in a ratio of 8:1, and sterilized by steaming at 121° C. for 1 to 1.5 hours. After cooling, inoculate the Maitake mushroom inoculum in a clean room.
The tube 1 with the inner lid engaged was attached and cultured for 20 to 30 days at a temperature of 24° C. and a humidity of 65±5%. After 20 to 30 days, hyphae spread throughout, and primordia were generated from the inner lid opening 7 as shown in FIG. Before the primordium 16 comes into contact with the upper surface 9 of the outer lid, the outer lid 2 is rotated about 60 degrees and removed from the inner lid 3, and the culture is continued in a growth chamber at a temperature of 13 ± 2°C and a humidity of 85 ± 5%. After 10 to 15 days after moving to the growth room, well-shaped Maitake mushrooms 17 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (A) were obtained.

To collect the mushrooms, all one had to do was twist them off from the root just near the opening of the inner lid, and about 100 g of Maitake mushrooms were obtained from each bottle. The entire amount of fruiting bodies that had developed, that is, everything except the culture medium, could be harvested, and no impurities such as the culture medium were attached.

As shown in Figure 4 (D), which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, and Figure 4 (E), which is a perspective view from the bottom, this mushroom was dense and well-shaped inside. .

For comparison, the inner lid bottom surface 1 having the inner lid opening 7 in the center
Maitake mushrooms grown in the same manner as in the example except that 0 was not brought into close contact with the culture medium were as shown in FIG. 4(B), which is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, and FIG. 4(C), which is a perspective view from the bottom. A large cavity 18 was formed in the center of the shaft, the texture was poor, and the rate of food waste was high.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, Maitake mushrooms with no cavities, dense fruit, and good shape can be efficiently cultivated using a bottle, and they are also easy to collect, and all of the fruiting bodies produced can be eaten. , Maitake mushrooms with high commercial value that are free from impurities such as culture media can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1(A) is a plan view of the outer cover of the cap, FIG. 1(B) is a plan view of the upper cover of the cap, and
C) is a cross-sectional view showing the engaged state of the cap and the bottle;
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the grown primordium with the outer cover removed, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the grown fruiting body, Figure 4 (A) is a perspective view of the grown fruiting body, and Figure 4 (B) is a cross-sectional view of the grown fruiting body. ) is a cross-sectional view of the fruiting body grown by the conventional method, (C) is a perspective view of the fruiting body grown by the conventional method, and (D) is a cross-sectional view of the fruiting body grown by the present invention. , (E) are perspective views of fruiting bodies grown according to the present invention, viewed from the bottom. In the drawings, 1 is a cap, 2 is an outer lid, 3 is an inner lid, 4 is an outer lid opening, 5 is a microporous membrane, 6.6' is an engaging member, 7 is an inner lid opening, and 8 is a side wall. , 9 is the top surface, 10 is the bottom surface, 11 is the inner lid side wall, 13 is the bottle mouth, 1
4 is a bottle, 15 is a culture medium, 16 is an primordium, 17 is a mushroom, 1
8 is hollow. Patent applicant Humpex Co., Ltd. Agent Patent attorney Sada Suzuki Children Figure 1 (A) Figure 2 Figure 3

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In a method of cultivating Maitake mushrooms by filling a bottle with a culture medium mainly consisting of sawdust and covering the bottle opening with a cap,
A cap consisting of an outer lid and an inner lid separated by a sufficient distance for primordium formation is used, with an inner lid opening drilled in the bottom of the inner lid and an outer lid opening drilled in the top surface of the outer lid to provide ventilation. A cap with a germ-blocking film attached is attached with the bottom of the inner lid in close contact with the culture medium, and the outer lid of the cap is removed when primordia have grown in the space between the inner and outer lids. How to cultivate Maitake mushrooms. (2) A claim characterized in that after removing the outer lid of the cap, when collecting the grown fruiting body, the part exposed from the inner lid of the fruiting body is cut from the base with the inner lid attached. The method for cultivating Maitake mushrooms according to Section 1. (3) A cap consisting of an outer lid and an inner lid, with an outer lid opening bored in the center, and a breathable germ-blocking film pasted on the outer lid opening at the upper side of the outer lid. A means for engaging with the inner lid is provided, and the inner lid has a side wall deep enough so that the bottom surface of the inner lid comes into contact with the culture medium when the outer lid is attached to the bottle opening, an inner lid opening is bored in the center, and the inner lid side wall A bottle with a cap used for cultivating Maitake mushrooms, characterized in that a removable cap is provided at the bottle mouth and has means for engaging with an outer lid at the upper end.