JPH04111799A - Ultrasonic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To transmit ultrasonic vibration stably by gripping an ultrasonic attachment, which is capable of relative displacement respectively in the X, Y and Z axial directions against a work and is provided with an ultrasonic vibrator and a corn to amplify and transmit vibration and amplitude generated from this ultrasonic vibrator, on a main shaft. CONSTITUTION:Fastening means 96 and 103 are formed in a mutual space between a corn 93 and a horn 101, and the corn 93 is arranged in an ultrasonic attachment, and at the same time a machine tool 102 is fixed onto the tip of the horn 101. Thereby, the ultrasonic attachment is moved to a machine tool replacing means by means of NC control, and the horn 101 is removed from the corn 93 on the same attachment side, and a horn of a necessary machine tool unit is fastened newly to the corn so that an ultrasonic machine tool 102 can be replaced automatically. Furthermore, since the fastening means 96 and 103 are arranged between the corn 93 and the horn 101 having comparatively high rigidity respectively, propagation of ultrasonic vibration can be stabilized.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an ultrasonic processing machine in which tools used for ultrasonic processing can be automatically replaced.

[Conventional technology] In recent years, it has become possible to process difficult-to-cut materials such as non-conductive materials such as ceramics and glass, especially when machining small diameter holes and irregularly shaped holes, with fewer cracks and highly accurate machining of irregularly shaped holes. Processing using ultrasonic waves is attracting attention.

Conventionally, ultrasonic machining has been performed using a dedicated ultrasonic processing machine, or because ultrasonic machining causes severe tool wear, it is necessary to measure tool length and replace tools frequently. In addition, since a tool with a negative or negative can only be used for drilling one type of hole, when drilling holes of different diameters, it was necessary to change the tool for each diameter.

[Invention or problem to be solved] For this reason, in current ultrasonic machining, the operator frequently checks the wear status of the tool and performs position correction, and when the amount of tool wear exceeds a certain value, The work was complicated because tools had to be replaced and centering work was performed.

In addition, when machining holes of different diameters, it is necessary to prepare special machines with tools corresponding to the hole diameters for each diameter type, resulting in high equipment costs. Since tool positioning correction is required, there is a problem that layer work becomes complicated.

In view of the above circumstances, in recent years, automation of ultrasonic tool exchange and tool position correction has been desired.In the case of ultrasonic tools, when automatically exchanging tools, it is also necessary to automate the connection and disconnection of the power supply. First, if a vibration generator is included as an attachment, the attachment will be large and there will be a problem of having to prepare several large attachments according to the type of hole diameter to be machined. Therefore, it has not yet been put into practical use.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an ultrasonic processing machine that enables automatic exchange of ultrasonic tools and stably transmits ultrasonic vibrations.

Furthermore, it is an object of the invention of claim 3 to provide an ultrasonic processing machine in which the position of the ultrasonic tool is detected so that the tool position can be automatically corrected. shall be.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.

■ Main body table with a workpiece storage section ■ It is gripped by the main shaft of the processing machine and can be moved relative to the workpiece in the X, Y, and Z axis directions. An ultrasonic attachment equipped with a cone that expands and transmits amplitude■ A tool unit with a tool fixed to the tip of a horn for vibration transmission■ A fastening means formed between the cone and the horn■ Various types of the above tool units are stocked The fastening means may have a male thread formed on either the tip of the cone or the proximal end of the horn, and a female thread threadedly engaged with the male thread on the other. , it is also possible to have a configuration including a means for rotating the stocked tool unit.

Furthermore, the ultrasonic tool may be mounted in the X, Y, and Z axis directions with a configuration that includes means for detecting the position.

[Function] The present invention forms a fastening means between the cone and the horn, installs the cone on the ultrasonic attachment, and
After fixing the tool to the tip of the horn, move the ultrasonic attachment to the tool changing means under NC control, remove the horn from the cone on the same attachment side, and newly fasten the horn of the required tool unit to the cone. The ultrasonic tool can be replaced automatically.

In addition, since a fastening means is provided between the relatively rigid cone and horn, the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations is stable, and there is no need to connect the ultrasonic vibrator to the power source when changing tools. became.

Furthermore, the installation of the ultrasonic tool in the
It becomes possible to automatically correct the tool position during C control.

[Example] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing the overall configuration of an ultrasonic processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the top surface of the table body of the same machine, and FIG. Figure 4 is a configuration diagram showing the principle of ultrasonic machining of the same machine, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional front view showing the cone-to-horn fastening means and tool changing means in the same machine, and Figure 6 (a) is a line taken from A-A in Figure 5. Line sectional view, 6th
Figure (b) is a sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 5, Figure 6 (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in Figure 5, and Figures 7 (a) to (d) show that tool installation is in operation. FIG.

First, the overall configuration of the ultrasonic processing machine according to this embodiment will be explained based on FIGS. 1 to 3.

In these drawings, l is a bed, and a main body table 2 is installed on the upper surface of the bed so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction). 3 has a saddle, and the first one is on the cross rail 4.
It slides in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) in the figure. crossrail 4
is integrated with column 5 and fixed above bet l. In addition, the saddle 3 has a ram head 7 or a vertical direction (
The main shaft 8 is provided at the central shaft portion of the ram head 7. An ultrasonic attachment 9 is attached to the main shaft 8, and a tool unit 10 can be attached to the attachment 9.

On the other hand, the upper surface of the main body table 2 is provided with a workpiece mounting section 11 in the center, a tool changer (tool change means) 12 at one end, and a tool position detection sensor (tool position detection means) at the other end. There are 14 each. 15 is N
This is the operation panel for C control.

As shown in FIG. 4, the ultrasonic attachment 9 includes an ultrasonic transducer 91, an electrostrictive exchange element 92, and a cone 93. It vibrates at a unique frequency of 91.

The electrostrictive exchange element 92 is designed to resonate at half the wavelength of the oscillation frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator 94, and
1 is transmitted to the cone 93. The cone 93 magnifies the amplitude of the vibration transmitted from the electrostrictive conversion element 92.

As shown in FIG. 5, the tool unit IO has a horn 101 for transmitting vibrations, and an ultrasonic tool 102 is fixed to the tip of the horn 101.

A cone 9 provided on the ultrasonic attachment 9
3 and the horn 101 of the tool unit IO. In this embodiment, as the fastening means,
A female thread 96 is formed at the tip of the cone 93, and a male thread 1 screws the female thread 96 into the base end of the horn 101.
03 has been formed.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tool changer 12 includes a plurality of cylindrical storage bots 121 (eight in this embodiment) for storing tool units IO. Each storage bot 1
21, as shown in FIG. 5, is supported by a bearing 122 so as to be slidable and rotatable in the axial direction. In addition, it is constantly biased upward by a spring 123, and
A nut 124 is attached to the lower end to prevent it from coming off.

Furthermore, each storage bot 121 has a drive gear 125, an idle gear 126 . Pulley 127°128.129. It rotates by receiving rotational driving force from a drive motor 131 via a timing belt 130.

Chamfered portions 104 (two locations in this embodiment (see FIG. 6(c))) are formed on the circumferential surface of the horn 101 in the tool unit 10. On the other hand, a horn driver 132 corresponding to the outer shape of the horn 101 is provided at the upper end opening of the storage bot 121, and the horn driver 132 locks the chamfered portion 104 of the tool unit 10 stored in the storage bot 121. As a result, the tool unit 10 is rotated integrally with the storage bot 121.

Additionally, a chamfered portion 96 (in this embodiment, two locations (sixth
(See Figure (a))) is formed. On the other hand, slightly above the storage bot 121, there is a U as shown in FIG. 6(b).
A cone detent 133 in the shape of a letter is provided and is adapted to engage with a chamfered portion 96 of the cone 93.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the tool position detection sensor 14 includes a Y-axis position detection sensor 14a, an X-axis position detection sensor 14b, and a Z-axis position detection sensor 14c. Each sensor uses a non-contact sensor such as a photo sensor that receives reflected light from the ultrasonic tool 102 and detects the position of the emitted tool 102. That is, a reference inspection position is set in advance in the detection range of each sensor, and the ultrasonic tool 102 of the tool unit 10 attached to the ultrasonic attachment 9 is moved to the saddle 3. The ram head 7 and the main body table 2 are moved to the inspection position. Here, each of the above-mentioned sensors 14a, 14b,
14c, the ultrasonic tool 102 to be inspected
Find the amount of eccentricity or amount of wear.

Next, the operation of the above-mentioned ultrasonic processing machine will be explained.

First, an outline of ultrasonic processing will be explained using FIG. 4 as a reference. The oscillation signal output from the ultrasonic oscillator 94 causes the ultrasonic vibrator 91 to vibrate, and the vibration is transmitted to the cone 93 via the electrostrictive transducer 92, where the amplitude is expanded in the cone 93 and transmitted to the horn 101. , ultrasonic tool 1
Vibrate 02. On the other hand, free abrasive grains are supplied from an abrasive grain supply tank 111 to the upper surface of the workpiece W placed on the workpiece mounting portion 11 on the main body table 2 . Then, while pressing the vertically vibrating ultrasonic tool 102 against the work W, cutting is fed to proceed with machining.

Next, the exchange operation of the tool unit 10 is taxed based on FIG. The tool unit 10 is replaced, for example, when the tool becomes worn or when machining an irregularly shaped hole. First, the main body table 2, the saddle 3, and the ram head 7 are driven and controlled, and the ultrasonic attachment 9 is placed above the storage bot 121 in which a desired tool unit 10 is accommodated (FIG. 2(a)). The ultrasonic attachment 9 is lowered from this position to bring the female thread 96 formed at the tip of the cone 93 into contact with the male thread 103 formed at the base end of the horn 101 in the tool unit IO, and then Push in the storage bot 121 by a certain amount along with IO (FIG. 2(b)).

By pushing the storage bot 121 in this way, the spring 12
3 urges the male thread 103 in the direction of the female thread 96, so that the positioning state at the time of fastening can be maintained. Further, in the lowered position, the chamfer 96 formed on the circumferential surface of the tip of the cone 93 engages with the cone rotation stopper 133 to prevent rotation.

Next, drive the drive motor 130 shown in FIG.
The storage bot 121 is rotated via the pulleys 127, 128, 129 and the drive gear 125. Through this rotational action, the male screw 103 is screwed into the female screw 96, and the ultrasonic attachment 9 and the tool unit 10 are brought into a fastened state (FIG. 7(C)). Since the fastened state using screws results in surface contact, it is strong and can transmit vibrations reliably. Subsequently, when the ram head 7 is raised and the ultrasonic attachment 9 is raised, the tool unit 1O also rises together and is pulled out from the storage bot 121 (FIG. 4(d)).

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a series of operations from the start to the end of machining.

As shown in the figure, after the start of the operation, the installation of the tool unit 10 described above is performed (So+), and the operation count is N.
is initialized to 1 (SO2), and the X, Y,
The amount of eccentricity in the Z-axis direction is detected by the tool position detection sensor 5o3), and based on the detection result, the coordinate shift value set in the NC#Jij device is automatically corrected (SO4)
- After automatically correcting the tool position in this way, start machining the first hole (5OS), after finishing machining (Soa), increase the operation count N by one (SO7), and then use the tool position detection sensor again. 14 detects the amount of wear of the ultrasonic tool 102 (Soa) - and if the amount of wear is within the reference value, automatically corrects the set value of the tool length by the amount of wear 509), Start machining the next hole (SO
5).

On the other hand, if the amount of wear exceeds the standard value, replace it with a spare tool stocked in the tool changer 12.
,. ), then try to detect the eccentricity of the installed tool.
off), automatically corrects the coordinate shift value set in the NC control device based on the detection result (SO4), and starts machining the next hole (Sn2) Repeat the above operations to machine the final hole. After that, the series of operations ends.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the one embodiment described above, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without changing the gist.

For example, the tool changing means may have an appropriate structure other than that shown in section 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 5, and the tool position detecting means may use various known position detecting sensors. I'll come.

Furthermore, the horn and cone fastening means may utilize known fastening means capable of firm fastening other than the above-mentioned screw type.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the ultrasonic processing machine of the present invention,
It enables the automatic exchange of ultrasonic tools and transmits ultrasonic vibrations stably, resulting in improved workability and the ability to easily handle machining of different holes.

Further, by setting the tool position detection means, it is possible to automatically correct the tool position and improve layer workability.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing the overall configuration of an ultrasonic processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the top surface of the chifur main body of the same machine, and FIG. Figure 4 is a configuration diagram showing the principle of ultrasonic machining of the same machine, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional front view showing the cone-to-horn fastening means and tool changing means in the same machine, and Figure 6 (a) is a line taken from A-A in Figure 5. Line sectional view, 6th
Figure (b) is a sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 5, Figure 6 (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in Figure 5, and Figures 7 (a) to (d) show that tool installation is in operation. FIG. 8 is a sectional front view showing a flowchart of a series of operations from the start to the end of machining. ■ = Bet 2: Main body Chiful 3: Satoru
4: Cross rail 5: Column 7: Ram head 8: Main shaft 9: Ultrasonic attachment 10:
Tool unit ll: Workpiece placement section 12: Tool exchange device 14: Tool position detection sensor 91: Ultrasonic vibrator 92
: Electrostrictive conversion element 93/cone 94: Ultrasonic oscillator 96: Female thread 101: Horn 102: Ultrasonic tool 103: Male thread 121: Storage bot 122: Bearing 123: Spring 124: Pin 125: Drive gear 126: Idle gear 127.1
28, 129: Pulley 130: Timing belt 131: Drive motor 13
2: Hauntriver

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A main body table having a workpiece placement part, which is gripped by the main shaft of the processing machine and can be moved relative to the workpiece in the X, Y, and Z axis directions, and an ultrasonic vibrator and this ultrasonic vibrator. an ultrasonic attachment equipped with a cone that magnifies and transmits the vibration amplitude generated by the vibration, a tool unit having a tool fixed to the tip of a horn for vibration transmission, and a fastening means formed between the cone and the horn; An ultrasonic processing machine characterized by comprising: a tool changing means in which various kinds of the tool units are stocked; (2) In the ultrasonic processing machine according to claim 1, the fastening means has a male thread formed at either the tip of the cone or the base end of the horn, and a female thread formed on the other side to be screwed with the male thread. An ultrasonic processing machine characterized in that the tool changing means includes a means for rotating a stocked tool unit. (3) In the ultrasonic processing machine according to claim 1 or 2,
An ultrasonic processing machine characterized by comprising means for detecting the mounting position of a tool in the X, Y, and Z axis directions.