JPH0390670A - Dyeing of polyester yarn - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain high-quality dyed material having a feeling of swelling and flexible handle by dyeing a polyester fiber cloth having a specific shrinkage percentage in boiling water and initial modulus while transporting the cloth by a gas flow or mixed flow of gas and liquid. CONSTITUTION:A cloth comprising low-shrinkage, low-modulus type polyester yarn having >=5% shrinkage percentage in boiling water and <=100g/d initial modulus prepared by >=6,000m/minute ultra-high speed spinning is fed to a liquid flow dyeing machine and dyed while being recycled and transported by a gas flow or mixed flow of gas and liquid without causing warp stripe, wrinkles, cracks, glitter, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an improved method for dyeing fabrics made of polyester fibers.

[Conventional technology]

Polyester fibers are widely used for clothing and industrial purposes because of their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, on the other hand, it also has disadvantages such as its hard texture and the fact that it cannot be dyed industrially unless it exceeds 130"C.One way to overcome these disadvantages is to increase the spinning speed. There is a method in which polyester fibers are produced by omitting the drawing step.That is, conventional polyester fibers are produced at a take-up speed of 2000 m/min or less when spinning polyester molten polymer.

The fibers obtained by this melt spinning process have excessive elongation and low strength, and are not suitable for practical use.

Normally, high strength and low elongation are obtained by further stretching, but instead of this, if the yarn is spun at a take-up speed of 6,000 m/min or more, there will be no practical problem in passing it through the stretching process, and it will be soft. Moreover, it is generally known that industrial dyeing can be carried out at lower temperatures than usual. However, the polyester fiber obtained in this way has an initial modulus of 10
Since the shrinkage rate is low at 0 g/d or less and the fresh water shrinkage rate is low at 5% or less, it is easy to cause dot marks in woven fabrics and needles in knitted fabrics, which cannot be corrected. Furthermore, it has the disadvantage that wrinkles, streaks, cracks, and glare occur during the dyeing process, resulting in a decline in quality.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The present inventors have corrected defects such as lead marks and needles in a fabric made of low shrinkage polyester fibers with a low initial modulus of 100 g/d or less and a fresh water shrinkage rate of 5% or less, and As a result of extensive research into a method for dyeing fibers without causing streaks, wrinkles, cracks, glare, etc., and without impairing the inherent softness of this fiber, the present invention was completed.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a polyester fabric that is characterized in that a fabric made of polyester fibers having a fresh water shrinkage rate of 5% or less and an initial modulus of 100 g/d or less is dyed using an airflow dyeing machine. This is a method of dyeing fibers.

In the present invention, it is necessary for the initial modulus to be 100 g/d or less in order to provide a soft texture, and it is preferably 70 g/d or more and 100 g/d or less. One method for obtaining such low modulus polyester fibers is a high-speed spinning method. That is, by spinning at a spinning speed of 6000 ta/min or more and omitting the drawing step, a soft fiber with low modulus can be obtained.

The spinning speed referred to in the present invention can be expressed as the linear speed at which the yarn is taken off by the take-off roller 7 in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, for example.

There is also a method of using a copolymer or a method of using a low molecular weight polymer to obtain fibers with low modulus and low boiling water shrinkage. Even if the modulus is low, if the fresh water shrinkage rate is high, it is relatively easy to dye using a conventional jet dyeing machine to obtain a dyed fabric with a soft texture.

Here, conventional jet dyeing machines include, for example, a loco-type dyeing machine (manufactured by Hokuriku Kakoki), a Koni Ace dyeing machine (manufactured by Nippon Sensei Kikai), and a circular dyeing machine (manufactured by Nippon Seisakusho). It is not limited to.

However, in the case of a polyester fiber fabric with a low boiling water shrinkage rate, which is the object of the present invention, it is extremely difficult to dye it using a conventional jet dyeing machine, and the importance of the present invention lies in this point. be. In other words, the present inventors succeeded in dyeing a polyester fiber fabric with a low boiling water shrinkage rate with almost no defects and with a soft texture by using an airflow dyeing machine instead of a conventional liquid jet dyeing machine. He invented a method to do so.

The present inventors have solved the defects that occurred during weaving of a fabric made of polyester fibers with a fresh water shrinkage rate of 5% or less and an initial modulus of 100 g/d or less, and dyed with a conventional jet dyeing machine. wrinkles, lines, cracks,
As a result of research on how to eliminate glare and the like and how to transport the fabric during dyeing, we found that if the transport is performed by a gas flow or a mixed flow of gas and liquid, the above drawbacks can be eliminated or significantly corrected. It has also been found that this method does not impair the inherent softness of the fibers, and also imparts a tsukurami feeling to the fabric. That is, it was considered that one of the reasons why the above-mentioned defects occur or cannot be eliminated is the longitudinal tension applied to the fabric during dyeing. We focused on the fact that due to the structure of the airflow dyeing machine, the tension applied to the fabric in the longitudinal direction is small, and when we actually dyed the fabric, we were surprised to find that the above-mentioned defects were corrected or almost never occurred, and the fabric was evenly dyed. We were able to obtain a dyed product with a soft texture.

The airflow dyeing machine referred to in the present invention means that the transportation of textile products within the dyeing apparatus is not substantially by a liquid flow as in conventional liquid jet dyeing machines, but by a gas flow or a mixture of gas and liquid. Any type of method may be used as long as it is carried out by flow. Of course, it may be partially propelled by an accessory device such as an auxiliary reel.

For example, during dyeing, the textile material to be treated with a gaseous and/or liquid dye liquor is introduced into a tank that can be closed airtight, circulated there endlessly and is kept in this state for at least the duration of the treatment operation. This is a jet dyeing apparatus in which the treatment agent is circulated in the same direction to act on the textile product, and the textile material is propelled substantially by the propulsion energy of the fluidized gas. Preferably, Tokuko Sho 6
An example is the jet dyeing apparatus used in the treatment method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-29030, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-36385, or European Patent Application Publication No. 0078022.

The polyester fiber used in the method of the present invention is preferably a fiber consisting essentially of polyethylene terephthalate. As the polyester, those obtained by known polymerization methods can be used.Additives usually used for polyester,
For example, it may contain a matting agent, a stabilizer, an antistatic agent, etc., and the degree of polymerization is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range for normal fiber formation. The spinning speed is preferably 6000 m/min or higher.

More preferably, 7000n+/min or more 1000n+/min
0 ts/min or less. In addition, in the case of fabrics made of polyester fibers with low thermal stress, defects are likely to occur especially during dyeing when dyeing with conventional jet dyeing machines, but the present invention It is possible to dye even polyester fibers with very low thermal stress, such as polyester fibers, with almost no defects. However, the thermal stress is 0.1 g/
It is preferable that it is above d/.

Examples of fabrics made of polyester fibers include woven fabrics such as tuck, twill, satin, dechine, and georgette; and woven fabrics such as tricot and cotton sheeting, which are usually industrially produced. When the above-mentioned fabric is normally dyed using a liquid jet dyeing machine that has been used industrially, during the dyeing process, in the case of textiles, warp streaks,
Defects such as wrinkles, ground cracks, and glare are likely to occur, and in the case of knitted fabrics, it is difficult to eliminate defects such as needle portions that occur during knitting. Further, these woven or knitted fabrics are woven or knitted fabrics made of 100% polyethylene terephthalate fibers, or woven or knitted fabrics in which other fibers are mixed. Of course,
Fabrics made of polyethylene terephthalate fibers may have already been subjected to so-called alkali weight loss processing or other processing, and in some cases, scouring or presetting may be omitted before dyeing.

When dyeing polyester fibers using an airflow dyeing machine, the usual dyeing temperature is used, generally 95℃.
~135°C is preferred.

In the method of the present invention, usual polyester fiber dyeing conditions are used for the type of dyeing aid, its concentration, dyeing PH1 dyeing time, post-treatment after dyeing, etc. These are appropriately set in consideration of the type of object to be dyed and the dyeing density.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples.

However, the present invention is not limited to these Examples. The methods for measuring fresh water shrinkage, initial modulus, and thermal stress shown in the Examples are as follows.

Fresh water shrinkage rate: According to JIS L 1013 method
.

Initial modulus: According to JIS L 1013 method,
This is the slope at 1% elongation when taking the S-S curve.

This is the maximum value when heating to 200″C with dry heat and taking a thermal stress curve.

The evaluation criteria are as follows.

(i) Stroke ○: Almost no streaks after finishing set.

Δ: There are some streaks even after finishing setting.

×: There are considerable streaks even after finishing setting.

(ii) Wrinkles ○: Almost no wrinkles after finishing set.

Δ: There are some wrinkles even after finishing setting.

×: There are considerable wrinkles even after finishing setting.

(iii) Glare ○: Almost no glare.

△: Slight glare.

×: Considerable glare.

(iv) Earth cracks ○: No cracks in the ground after finishing set.

Δ: After finishing set, there are some weak cracks in the ground.

×: After finishing setting, there are cracks in the ground all over.

(v) Needle part O: There is almost no needle part.

Δ: There are some needle points.

×: Many needle parts are present.

Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, polyethylene terephthalate was spun at 75 denier (hereinafter referred to as d) by changing the spinning speed.
36 filament (hereinafter referred to as r) semidal and 50
d/36f semidull yarns were obtained. 15 for comparison
After spinning at a speed of 00 m/min, it was stretched to 75 d/3.
Yarns of 6f semidal and 50d/36f semidal were obtained. The water conduction shrinkage rate, initial modulus, and thermal stress of each yarn are as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The obtained yarn was prepared using the same yarn type at the same spinning speed, and the warp was 5.
(0d/36f, weft 75d/36f), weaved into plain fabrics with a density of 102 threads/1 nch and 82 threads/1 nch, respectively.Next, the woven fabrics were scoured, dried, and set using a conventional method. Ta. Subsequently, it was dyed using an airflow dyeing machine under the following conditions, followed by reduction washing, washing with water, drying, and finishing. It was also dyed in the same way using a jet dyeing machine and finished in the same way.

Dyeing conditions Dye used: Samaron Navy Blue HB150 (manufactured by Hoechst) 2.5 Xowf.

Auxiliary agent used: Niganal 3439-1 f, OXow
f.

Eganer JL/PS 1.0 Xowf.

(manufactured by Hoechst) P H4,5 Bath ratio (airflow dyeing machine) 1:4.5 (flow dyeing machine) 1:10 Dyeing temperature 120°C Dyeing time 30 minutes Dyeing machine Airflo dyeing machine AF40 manufactured by Then Liquid jet dyeing machine (Kyoku Seisakushu new product - Curler dyeing machine) Each of the dyed fabrics obtained was judged for streaks, wrinkles, glare, and cracks, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 1. From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that when fabrics made of polyester fibers with a water conduction shrinkage rate of 5% or less and an initial modulus of 100 g/d or less are dyed using a jet dyeing machine, the quality of the dyed product is extremely poor. On the other hand, it can be seen that when a fabric made of these fibers is dyed using an airflow dyeing machine, the defects are almost eliminated and a good texture can be obtained. In particular, regarding the texture, when a fabric made of polyester fibers spun at a spinning speed of 6000 m/min or more is dyed using an airflow dyeing machine, it has a very dull feeling.

Example 4, Comparative Example 5 Polyethylene terephthalate was spun at 7000 m/min in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain yarns of 75d/36f sedal and 50d/36f sedal, and woven fabrics were similarly prepared. did. Next, follow the usual method of scouring, dry setting, and continuous alkali reduction! (5%) and washed with water. Subsequently, it was dyed using an airflow dyeing machine under the same conditions as in Example 2, followed by reduction washing, washing with water, drying, and finishing. In addition, for comparison, a polyester fiber fabric obtained in the same manner as above was scoured, dry set, continuous alkali weight loss (5%), and washed with water in the same manner as above, and then a comparative example was prepared using an ordinary jet dyeing machine. It was stained under the same conditions as 3. The dyed products obtained were evaluated for streaks, wrinkles, glare, cracks in the ground, and texture, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 From the results shown in Table 3, the effects of the present invention are clear even when alkali weight loss is applied. Further, the fabric after dyeing had a very dull feeling as in Example 2.

Example 5, Comparative Example 6 Polyethylene terephthalate was spun at 7000 m/min in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain 75d/36f and 50
Each yarn of d/36f was obtained and made into a non-woven fabric in the same manner. The obtained woven fabric was directly dyed using an airflow dyeing machine under the same conditions as in Example 2 without performing scouring, setting, etc. Further, for comparison, dyeing was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 using a normal jet dyeing machine. After that, they were each subjected to reduction cleaning, washing with water, drying, and finishing. Table 4 shows the quality evaluation results of the dyed fabrics obtained.

Table 4 As is clear from Table 4, according to the method of the present invention, when using a jet dyeing machine even for gray fabric, the quality after dyeing is extremely poor, whereas it is better to use an air stream dyeing machine. It can be seen that a high-quality fabric can be obtained.

Example 6, Comparative Example 7 Polyethylene terephthalate was wound up at a speed of 7000 m/min using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 to obtain a yarn of 30 d/12 f sedal. The obtained yarn (boiling water shrinkage rate 2.9%
, initial modulus 92 g/d, thermal stress 0.19 g/d
) on a 36GG half tricot fabric. Next, this knitted fabric was refined and set using a conventional method, and then dyed in the same manner as in Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 using an air jet dyeing machine and, for comparison, a liquid jet dyeing machine. After that, it was subjected to reduction cleaning, washing with water, drying, and finishing. Table 5 shows a comparison of needle barrel defects before and after dyeing.

Table 5 From the results shown in Table 5, when half tricot fabric made of polyester fiber is dyed using an airflow dyeing machine, ritc
It is clear that the needle barrel defects that sometimes occur can be eliminated. In addition, the knitted fabric after dyeing had a very dull texture.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the method for dyeing polyester fibers of the present invention, even if the fabric is made of polyester fibers with a boiling water shrinkage rate of 5% or less and an initial modulus of 100 g/d or less, it can be used as a normal polyester fiber, that is, a boiling water shrinkage rate of 5% or less. A fabric made of larger polyester fibers with an initial modulus of more than 100 g/d can be dyed with a normal liquid jet dyeing machine, giving the same or better quality and a supple texture with a dull texture. be.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing schematically shows an example of a fiber spinning process used in the method of the present invention. 1.--yarn, 2--spinning head, 3.--tubular heating area, 4
-Fluid suction device, 5--Oil application device, 6--Focusing device, 7-Take-off roller

Claims (1)

[Claims] Boiling water shrinkage rate 5% or less and initial modulus 100g/d
A polyester fiber dyeing method characterized by dyeing a fabric made of the following polyester fibers using an airflow dyeing machine