JPH0369684A - Rope and net - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject rope having excellent softness and slimy feeling of the surface layer, effective in preventing the adhesion of algae and shellfish and essentially free from the problem of secondary environmental pollution by interlocking ultrafine short fibers with other fibers, thereby imparting oscillating freedom to the fiber. CONSTITUTION:The objective rope can be produced by interlocking (A) ultrafine fibers made of a polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate and having a length of preferably 0.5-45mm and a fineness of <=1 denier with (B) fibers having a diameter of >=0.01mm and made of a polymer having water-resistance and weather resistance, etc., in such a manner as to divide the component B into plural parts with the component A. The ratio of A/B is preferably 50-2,000wt.%.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to ropes and net-like materials with excellent anti-algae properties.

[Conventional technology]

A large amount of algae and shellfish adhere to the surface of ropes and nets used for fish and shellfish farming and cultivation fisheries in a short period of time, resulting in a reduction in the number of meshes and the lack of oxygen caused by the closure of the nets, resulting in the growth of fish and shellfish. Delinquency, disease and death, and even trends.

It is well known that problems such as loss and damage of ropes and M4s due to wave resistance have occurred. On the other hand, organic tin-based antifouling agents, which were commonly used as ``marine herbicides,'' have been completely banned due to voluntary regulations, and non-polluting antifouling measures are now required.

Several proposals have been made to solve these problems. For example, JP-A-59-147385 discloses a method of applying copper plating to the surface of marine materials. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 1983
- In Publication No. 201862.

Mix water-absorbing elastomer and copper (alloy) powder.

Method for coating the surface of marine materials, JP-A-52-1790
No. 24 discloses a method of coating the surface of marine materials with a jetanolamine derivative.

JP-A-54-157824 proposes a method of coating marine materials with organic tin compounds, zinc oxide, etc.

In these conventional techniques, algae,
From the viewpoint of preventing adhesion of shellfish, it is expected that it will have a certain effect in improving the above-mentioned problem. However, the chemicals used in these conventional techniques contain some elements that cause secondary pollution and are toxic to the human body. Furthermore, once the drug on the second surface is eluted, it is no longer possible to exhibit an antifouling effect, and the antifouling effect is lacking over a long period of time.

The inventors of the present invention have published Japanese Patent Application No. 107434/1982, Japanese Patent Application No. 235080/1982, and Japanese Patent Application No. 26202/1982.
In Publication No. 6, etc., we proposed means to solve these problems.

However, different biological systems inhabit different ocean areas, and there were still issues to be solved.

[Problems to be solved by the present invention]

In view of these problems, the present invention has the effect of effectively preventing the adhesion of algae, shellfish, etc.

It is an object of the present invention to provide ropes and nets that are substantially free from secondary pollution problems.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present inventors have finally arrived at the present invention as a result of intensive research to solve the above problems.

That is, the rope and net-like article of the present invention are ropes and net-like articles composed of at least two types of fiber groups A and B having different thicknesses, wherein the fiber group A is mainly composed of a large number of ultra-fine fibers of less than 1 denier. Fiber group B is composed of fibers with a diameter of 0.01 m or more, and is divided into a plurality of fiber groups by fiber group A, and the surface layer of fiber group B is composed of fibers with a diameter of 0.01 m or more.

A rope and a net-like material characterized by having a structure substantially surrounded by fiber group A.

And further, the rope and net-like material of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition ratio of fiber group A and fiber group B is A/B=50 to 20 per unit length.
00% by weight, and the fiber group B is divided into four or more small fiber groups by the fiber group A, and/or the fiber group A is composed of a large number of short fibers, and the short fibers are has a structure in which mainly the central part thereof is sandwiched between small fiber groups, and/or most of both ends of the short fibers constituting fiber group A are open, and/or the fibers constituting fiber group A , made of polymers having at least two different shrinkage differences.

[Effect] The following two aspects of the present invention will be explained in detail.

It is said that algae and shellfish have difficulty adhering to relatively soft objects, smooth objects with little surface roughness, or moving objects. We studied the structure of ropes and nettings in algae.

In the process of examining the attachment status with shellfish larvae.

It consists of at least two types of fiber groups A and B with different thicknesses, fiber group A uses a large number of ultrafine fibers of less than 1 denier, fiber group B is divided into a plurality of fiber groups by fiber group A, and fiber group A is divided into a plurality of fiber groups by fiber group A. It has been discovered that by creating a structure in which the surface layer of group B is substantially surrounded by fiber group A, excellent anti-algae and protective effects can be obtained.

In ropes and net-like materials, fiber group B essentially refers to a state in which single fibers used to maintain the strength, tension, etc. of ropes and net-like materials are converged, and fiber group A refers to the state in which the single fibers used to maintain the strength, tension, etc. of ropes and net-like materials are converged. This suggests a state in which ultrafine fibers are tightly gathered together to provide protective effects.

The denier of the ultrafine fibers constituting the fiber group A is preferably less than 1 denier. Fiber denier.

If the denier exceeds 1 denier, the stiffness of the fibers will become stronger, and the ability to swing in water and the softness of the surface layer formed by fiber groups will be impaired.
Furthermore, since the surface becomes uneven, algae and shellfish tend to adhere to it, which is undesirable. Furthermore, in order to enhance the effects of the present invention, it is preferable to further improve the rocking properties, smoothness, softness, or sliminess.

Preferably 0.75 denier or less, more preferably 0.75 denier or less.
It is preferably 5 denier or less, most preferably 0.2 denier or less. Moreover, within the range that does not deviate from the effects of the present invention, some thicker fibers exceeding 1 denier may be mixed in the fiber group A.

The diameter of the fibers constituting fiber group B is preferably Q, Qlf1 or more. When the fiber diameter is less than 0.0 In+, the fiber group B becomes soft, increasing the flexibility of ropes and net-like materials, causing wiping in water due to tides and waves, and reducing shape retention. In the case of aquaculture cages, the fish bodies are easily damaged. Moreover, various disadvantages arise, such as poor abrasion resistance on rocks, ship hulls, etc., reduced bending strength in water, and increased cost, which are undesirable.

Therefore, taking such inconveniences into consideration, it is preferable that 0
．． The length is preferably 0.02w or more, more preferably 0.03m or more.

Although it is possible to reduce the adhesion of algae and shellfish simply by substantially covering the surface layer of fiber group B with fiber group A of such ultra-fine fibers, in order to exert the effect of the present invention more strongly, it is necessary to The composition ratio of group A and fiber group B is important, and the range is A/B = 50 to 50 per unit length.
2000% by weight is better; if A/B is less than 50% by weight, fiber group A will have difficulty surrounding fiber group B, fiber group B will be exposed, and surface irregularities will easily occur, allowing algae and shellfish to adhere. This is not preferable because it makes it easier. On the other hand, A/B is 200
If it exceeds 0% by weight, the difficulty of the hair formation technique will increase, the weight of ropes and nets will become very heavy, and they will be more likely to be blown away by waves and currents1. This is undesirable because it causes various disadvantages such as a decrease in shape retention. Therefore, considering these various disadvantages, economic efficiency, workability, magnitude of effects, etc.
It is more preferable that A/B=100 to 1500% by weight, still more preferably A/B=300 to 1000% by weight.

The composition ratio of fiber group B varies depending on the practical strength, which is appropriately set depending on the intended use, location, etc. of the rope or net-like material.

An important point of the rope and net-like article of the present invention is that the fiber group B is divided into a plurality of fiber groups A. Furthermore, it is preferable that the fiber group B is divided into four or more small fiber groups by the fiber group A. When ropes and net-like objects are formed of twisted yarns consisting only of fiber group B or small fiber groups, the twisted portions of the small fiber groups have the following properties:
This tendency becomes more pronounced as uneven portions are formed and the fibrils become thicker, making it easier for algae and shellfish to adhere. Therefore.

In order to eliminate such uneven areas where fibers tend to adhere, it is important that the fiber group A be present in the gaps between the plurality of small fiber groups. Also.

The presence of fiber group A makes it possible to keep the twist coefficient low when twisting small fiber groups to form fiber group B, and as a result, it also prevents a decrease in strength due to twisting of fiber group B. It becomes convenient.

Furthermore, the presence of the fiber group A has the effect of preventing mutual untwisting of the small fiber groups forming the fiber group B.

For example, when forming a knotless network, if the number of ridges between the two legs is small, misalignment of the interlaced parts will occur. To prevent this, the twist coefficient is
This is generally done at the expense of some reduction in strength due to the twisting of fiber group B. In contrast, the ropes and meshes of the present invention.

Since the fiber group A is interposed between the small fiber groups with at least the number of threads between the legs, misalignment of the intertwined portions is less likely to occur.

The twist coefficient can also be kept low, and the rate of decrease in strength of the fiber group B can be suppressed, making it possible to form good ropes and net-like products.

Polymers forming fiber group A used in the present invention include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and copolymers thereof, polybutylene terephthalate and copolymers thereof, nylon 6.1). Polyamides such as 12, 66, 610, copolymers thereof, and acrylic polymers.

All fibers such as polyurethane, polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene and its copolymers, polystyrene and its copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohols with high water absorption and high swelling properties, rayon, etc. Formable polymers may be applied. Ultrafine fibers made of these polymers can be used alone, mixed, or composited. Also.

In addition to these synthetic fibers, there are natural fibers such as cotton and wool.

They may be mixed to some extent without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

The cross-sectional shape of the ultrafine fibers is not particularly limited.
A circular shape, a hollow shape, a core-sheath shape, a polygonal shape such as a triangle, a gourd shape, etc. are used as appropriate.

On the other hand, as a polymer forming fiber group B.

Water resistance and weather resistance, although not particularly limited.

It may be selected appropriately in consideration of bending resistance, strength, etc. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above characteristics.

In order to achieve the effects of the present invention, it is preferable that most of both ends of the short fibers constituting the fiber group A have an open structure. By leaving the microfibers in an open state, the short fibers of the ultra-fine fibers have increased swayability in water.1 The surface becomes more unstable, making it difficult for algae and shellfish larvae to attach to it, and even if they do, it is difficult to attach to them due to currents and waves. This is because the resistance makes it easier to fall off.

Furthermore, in order to exhibit the effects of the present invention, it is preferable to increase the length of the short fibers constituting the fiber group A in the surface layer portion.

The length referred to here is the length of the short fibers constituting the fiber group A from the surface of the fiber group B.

The length of the short fibers is preferably about 0.5 to 45 m.

If the length is less than 0.5 m, the short fibers will not be able to exert sufficient rocking action due to resistance from currents and waves, resulting in algae.

This is undesirable as it tends to attract shellfish. On the other hand, making the short fibers too long causes disadvantages such as difficulty in processing technology and increased weight. Therefore, in order to further enhance the effect of the present invention by shortening the short fibers, it is preferable that the fiber group constituting the fiber group A is formed from two or more types of polymers having different contractility. Due to the difference in the water retention properties of the surface layer, many gaps are generated in the inner layer of the fiber group A that substantially covers the surface layer of the fiber group B.

Water absorption is improved, the softness and sliminess of the surface are further enhanced, and algae-proofing and protective effects can be enhanced.

What is the density of the short fibers of the ultrafine fibers that make up fiber group A?

Although the appropriate range varies depending on the combination of the denier and length of the short fibers, the number of short fibers in one surface layer is approximately several thousand to several tens of hundreds per unit length of ropes and nets. It is preferable in consideration of relaxation of the rocking property 2 surface smoothness, etc., but when using ultra-fine fibers with a fiber denier of 0.1 denier or less in order to further impart sliminess, it is preferable to use 3 million to 6 million fibers. It is also fully possible to form a group of ultra-high density short fibers. In order to generate such an ultra-high-density short fiber group, composite fibers such as polymer mutually arrayed fibers, seabird blend fibers, two-split type fibers, etc. are used as the fibers forming the fiber group A.

It can be obtained by making the fibers ultra-fine using an appropriate ultra-fine technique depending on the type of fiber.

The rope and net-like material of the present invention may be colored in two colors, or the fiber group constituting the fiber group B may be coated with or kneaded with a substance having an effect of preventing biofouling. It is also effective to use a special group of fibers to enhance the intended effects of the present invention.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained in detail below using Examples.

The present invention is not restricted or limited by these examples. Rather, it brings about the next application development.

Examples 1, 2.3 Four filaments of 1000 (D)-96 (F) polyethylene terephthalate were prepared. Also, 108
(D)-144(F) 6 polyethylene terephthalate filaments are combined into a bundle of yarn (yarn bundle 1) with S twist of about 70 T/M and 60 (D)-144(F)
A bundle of yarn (yarn bundle 2) is made by doubling together 10 polyethylene terephthalate filaments and applying a sl of approximately 707/M.

123 (D
)-24(F) 6 filaments, approximately 70T
/M S-twisted yarn bundles (yarn bundle 3) were prepared.

Next, the two sandwiched yarns are made into a pair, and a device that continuously feeds a fixed length of the sandwiched yarn between the sandwiched yarns and twists them in the Z direction to continuously process the fluffy yarn is used. (D)-96(F) filaments are arranged, yarn bundle 1 is arranged on the pinched yarn, the length of the pinched yarn is about 10+n, and the pinched yarn in the form of 2 bundles is about approx. Set so that 13 bundles/cm are sandwiched, and continuously about 3 bundles/cm.
The fluffy yarn was processed by applying Z twist of 50T/M.

Next, the two fluffy yarns are separately stretched and twisted by a twisting machine for about 30 minutes.
After applying Z twist of 00T/M.

The two pieces were combined and subjected to an S twist of approximately 260 T/M to create a rope-like article (Example 1).

Next, yarn bundle 2 was arranged on the sandwiched yarns, and a rope-like article was created under the same conditions as in Example 1 (Example 2).

Next, the yarn bundle 3 was placed on the pinched yarn, and a rope-like article was created under the same conditions as in Example 1 (Example 3).

Thereafter, the rope-shaped articles of Examples 1 and 2 were immersed in warm water to remove the attached oil, and the rope-shaped articles of Example 3 were immersed in a solution of trichlorethylene, and the dehydration operation was repeated. Drying was performed.

The cross section of the thus obtained rope-like object shows that the fiber group (fiber group B) formed by the four pinched threads (small fiber group) is substantially divided into the fiber group (fiber group A) formed by the sandwiched threads. The fiber group formed by the sandwiched yarns was present in the gap formed by the surrounding and sandwiched yarns, and the short fibers of the fiber groups in the second surface layer were in an open state. . In addition, in the rope-like article of Example 3, the short fibers of the ultrafine fibers were in a densely open state.

Various ropes obtained in Examples 1 and 2.3 and 400 (D
)-30 (F)
After 6 months, the state of adhesion of algae, shellfish, animals, etc. to the rope surface was observed. The rope for comparison has Fujibbo, mussels, and green algae all over the surface. ! The diameter of the rope had increased several times due to algae. In contrast, the surface of the rope of the nine products of the present invention turned brown, and the adhesion of small crustaceans such as side shrimp and cracklings was conspicuous, and no adhesion of seaweed or shellfish was observed.
It was an excellent piece of armor.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The ropes and nets according to the present invention are conventional.

It can suppress the occurrence of secondary pollution, which was a drawback of the chemical method used to prevent the adhesion of algae and shellfish, and is also sufficiently effective in preventing the adhesion of algae and shellfish. be.

Therefore, by using it in fixed nets or fish and shellfish aquaculture nets that are set up in the sea for a long period of time.

It is possible to prevent the occurrence of deformed fish, damage to fish bodies, accumulation and contamination of bait due to clogging of nets, and even death of fish due to lack of oxygen.

In addition, the rope and net-like material of the present invention can be used for seafood.

Stem ropes for algae cultivation, ship mooring ropes, and buoys.

By using it as a fixed rope for floating fish reefs, etc.

It is possible to prevent damage and washout caused by currents and waves, and improve work efficiency.

In addition, by using it as a jellyfish prevention net for cooling seawater intakes in nuclear and thermal power plants, it is possible to prevent algae and
It is possible to prevent shellfish from adhering to the surface for a long period of time, and the interval between repair work can be extended.

It is also economically superior be.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Ropes and net-like materials composed of at least two types of fiber groups A and B with different thicknesses, where fiber group A is mainly composed of a large number of ultrafine fibers of less than 1 denier, and fiber group B is composed of fibers with a diameter of 0.01 mm or more, is divided into a plurality of fiber groups A, and has a structure in which the surface layer of the fiber group B is substantially surrounded by the fiber group A. Features rope and netting. (2) The rope and mesh according to claim (1), wherein the composition ratio of fiber group A and fiber group B is A/B = 50 to 2000% by weight per unit length. thing. (3) The rope and net-like article according to claim (1) or (2), wherein the fiber group B is divided into four or more small fiber groups by the fiber group A. . (4) The fiber group A is composed of a large number of short fibers, and has a structure in which mainly the central portion of the short fibers is sandwiched between the small fiber groups.
Ropes and nettings described in paragraph (2) or (3) (5) Most of both ends of the short fibers constituting the fiber group A are open. 4) Ropes and nettings described in section 4). (6) Claims (1) and (2), characterized in that the fibers constituting fiber group A are made of at least two polymers with different shrinkage differences;
The rope and net-like material described in item (3), item (4), or item (5).