JPH036468Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial field of application] This invention relates to a ruler used when plotting a slope with a constant slope on a topographic map.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

When constructing various large structures on the edge of a mountain, etc., in order to secure a predetermined effective area for the site, foundation work such as cutting the surrounding ground or embanking is required. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the construction range for cutting, embankment, retaining walls, etc., and to plot the slopes on the topographic map.

In this case, conventionally, calculations were made each time they were written on the topographic map based on the scale factor of the topographic map and the design slope of the slope, but it goes without saying that such work is inefficient.

Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide a slope ruler that can easily draw a plan view of a slope on a topographic map.

[Means for solving the problem] In order to solve the above problem, the slope ruler of this invention multiplies the actual unit length into a scale unit length that is scaled at the same ratio as the scale of the topographic map. A scale is attached based on the scale slope unit length multiplied by the surface slope, a number is attached to each scale based on the scale slope unit length, and the scale ratio and slope slope are displayed at appropriate locations on the ruler surface. It has a structure with numbers attached.

Here, the actual unit length means a unit length in a normal length unit system, for example, 1 meter. Furthermore, the scale unit length refers to the length obtained by multiplying the actual unit length by the scale factor of the topographic map. Further, the scale slope unit length refers to the length obtained by multiplying the scale unit length by the slope slope.

The slope slope is defined by B/H in Figure 1B.

Next, the principle of the ruler of this invention will be explained. First, a method for plotting a predetermined slope on a topographic map by calculation will be explained based on FIG.

The topographic map shown in Figure A in Figure 1 is a plan view at a scale of 1/200. On this topographic map, l ₀ , l ₁ , l ₂ , l ₃ indicate contour lines, and the numbers 80, 81, 82,
83 indicates the altitude (unit [m]). Furthermore, the area surrounded by w ₁ to _{w 4} indicates the effective site area of the structure. In this case, the elevation of the site is 80m.

In order to create a desired site on the land shown in the topographical map above, cut out the area surrounded by w ₁ to w ₄ to make the entire elevation 80 m, and use sides w ₁ w ₂ , w ₁ w ₄ It is necessary to form a slope with the required slope on the outside of the slope.

Now, assuming that the slope slope is 0.5, in order to plot the point _a1 indicating the slope position on the contour line _l1 of the above topographic map, the scale height of the contour lines _l0 and _l1 is 1 m x
Since 1/200 = 5 mm, the side w ₁ w ₂ is 1 m x 1/200
It is sufficient to take a distance b ₁ of ×0.5=2.5mm. Similarly, to plot a ₂ on the contour line l ₂ , take the distance b ₁ × 2 = b ₂ , and to plot a ₃ , take the distance b ₁ × 3 = b ₃
It is sufficient to take the distance between the starting point a ₀ and each of the above points a ₁ to _{a 3}
By connecting them, we can obtain a plan view of a slope with a slope of 0.5.

Diagram B in Figure 1 is the side of the point that includes the above points a ₁ to a ₃ .
The cross-sectional views taken at lines X _{1 −X 1} , X ₂ −X ₂ , and X _{3 −X 3 perpendicular} to w 1 w 2 are superimposed, and points a ₀ to
a ₃ is aligned on the hypotenuse of right triangle XYZ, which has a hypotenuse with a slope of 0.5. This also confirms that the slope with the desired slope is drawn in Figure A.

Considering the above drawing method, the height of point a ₁ is higher than the elevation of the reference site by scale unit length h, and the distance b ₁ of point a ₁ from side w ₁ w ₂ is
It is at a distance equal to the above scale unit length h multiplied by slope 0.5.

Therefore, if the scale of the topographic map (1/200) and the slope slope (0.5) are known, then the elevation lines l ₁ , l drawn from the sides w ₁ w ₂ for each scale unit length h The distances _{b 1 ,} b ₂ , b 3 to ₂ , l ₃ are uniquely determined.

Therefore, as shown in Figure C of Figure 1, a scale 2 is placed on one side of the ruler 1 based on the above distance b ₁ (that is, the scale slope unit length obtained by multiplying the scale unit length h by the slope slope). At the same time, each scale 2 is given a number based on the scale gradient unit length h, that is, a positive integer starting from 1.

Incidentally, since the scale 2 and its numbers are basic, each scale 2 may be provided with equally divided scales and numbers corresponding thereto in order to increase accuracy.

〔Example〕

The gradient ruler of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 has a scale of 1/20.
This shows what is used to draw a slope with a slope of 0.3 on a topographic map of 0. In this case, scale 2 is 1m x 1/
It is carved every 200 x 0.3 = 1.5 mm, and each scale 2 is numbered sequentially starting from 1, and a right triangle indicating the scale S and slope B/H is also displayed.

The slope ruler of another embodiment shown in FIG. 3 has a scale of 1/200 and a slope of 0.5. In this case, the interval between each graduation of scale 2 is 1m x 1/200
×0.5=2.5mm, and a 1/2 scale is included to further increase accuracy.

Next, an example of a procedure for writing a predetermined slope on a topographic map using the above slope ruler will be explained based on FIGS. 4 to 7. The scale of the topographic map is 1/200, and the slope slope is 0.3. Therefore, the gradient ruler used is that shown in FIG.

Draw the lot lines w ₁ to _{w 4} on the topographic map shown in Figure 4. Assuming that the elevation of the site is 80 m, first align scale 2 of number 1 on slope ruler 1 with side w ₁ w ₂ , and then
Plot the intersection a ₁ of the 0 scale and the 81m elevation line.

Next, in FIG. 5, align the number 2 scale of ruler 1 with side w ₁ w ₂ and plot the intersection a ₂ of the 0 scale and the 82m elevation line. In FIG. 6, the intersection point _a3 is plotted in the same manner. After plotting each point, along with the starting point a ₀ , a ₀ to a ₃ are plotted as shown in Figure 7.
By connecting these, you can obtain a plan view of the desired slope.

In addition, although the case of cutting the ground has been described above, the same effect can be applied to slopes when embankments and retaining walls are constructed.

〔effect〕

As described above, the slope ruler of this invention uses the length of one scale as the scale slope unit length b ₁ according to the scale of the topographic map, and numbers based on the scale slope unit length are attached to the scale. Therefore, it is possible to plot points included in the ridge of the slope based on the site line etc. on the topographic map, and by drawing line segments connecting each plotted point, the slope can be easily plotted. I can draw.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a diagram explaining the principle of this ruler, Figure A is a plan view of the topographic map, and Figure B is X ₁ -X ₁ , X ₂ -X ₂ , X ₃ -
_Cross -sectional views at FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the drawing procedure. 1...Gradient ruler, 2...Scale.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] The actual unit length is scaled at the same ratio as the topographic map scale, and the scale unit length is multiplied by the slope slope, and the scale slope unit length is used as the standard. A slope ruler with reference numbers attached and numbers indicating the scale ratio and slope slope mentioned above at appropriate locations on the ruler surface.