JPH0353851A - Solid formula feed for calf - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject feed, containing a milk raw material and grains as principal ingredients, excellent in palatability for calves and capable of advancing the weaning period. CONSTITUTION:The objective feed obtained by solidifying 40-80wt.% milk raw material, such as skim milk powder, and 10-50wt.% grains as principal ingredients preferably according to a low-temperature granulating means.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solid compound feed for calves suitable for early weaning of calves.

It is desirable for first-born calves to be accustomed to solid feed (artificial milk) as early as possible from the viewpoint of establishing the rumen and subsequent growth and development. In a rearing program for Holstein cows, the cows are weaned as early as possible by feeding palatable solid feed at the same time as milk replacer after ingesting colostrum. There are two ways to determine the weaning period: one based on the age of the child after birth, one based on the amount of solid feed absorbed, and one based on a combination of these two methods.In general, weaning should be done at around 5 to 6 weeks of age. intake of 600~
The standard is to consume 700g/day or more.

As an approach from the feed perspective regarding this early weaning,
Research is underway to promote solid feed intake from an earlier stage, and one example of this is the development of so-called pre-starter feed, which is made from solidified milk ingredients and has recently been attracting attention overseas.

The contents of this prestarter feed include milk raw materials such as skim milk powder, animal fats and oils, and other feed additives such as vitamins and minerals, and are solidified so-called milk substitutes.

By feeding a highly nutritious solid feed of the same size as the milk replacer, they can be introduced to the solid feed at an earlier stage, and then weaned at an extremely early stage (2 to
3 weeks of age) is possible.

However, the problems with the pre-starter feed mentioned above include: (1) the feeding period is limited to a very certain period and it must be used in combination with conventional starter feed; (2) it is difficult to solidify the feed because it is mainly composed of dairy ingredients; However, the current situation is that it is not becoming more popular in Japan due to problems in feeding management and manufacturing.

In view of the above circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have studied feed for promoting early weaning of calves, and have developed a diet that uses milk raw materials such as skim milk powder and grains as main ingredients in a specific ratio. By solidifying the blended material without undergoing thermal denaturation,
The present invention was made based on the knowledge that a feed with good feeding and ingestibility can be obtained.

Therefore, the present invention provides a solid compound feed for calves with extremely good palatability, which allows calves to start eating solid feed from an early stage, and further increases the intake amount in the early stages, thereby making it possible to hasten the weaning period. The challenge is to provide the following.

The compound feed for calves according to the present invention, which is intended to increase It is a solidified mixture of fish soluble adsorption feed commonly used in calf feed, animal feed such as fish meal, vegetable oil meal such as soybean meal, and vitamins and minerals. be.

Incidentally, the current general-purpose solid compound feed for calves (so-called artificial milk) is mainly pelletized feed mainly made of grains and vegetable oil cakes.

In the present invention, as mentioned above, milk raw materials are contained in an amount of 40 to 80% by weight.
It is necessary to mix 10 to 50% by weight of dairy ingredients and grains, and if the amount of milk ingredients is less than the above range, the feed intake and growth performance of calves will be poor, while if it is more than the above range, the feed intake and growth performance will be poor. It becomes difficult to solidify the liquid, and it is not economically advisable. The milk raw materials used here include skim milk powder, whole milk powder, and dried whey.

Furthermore, if the amount of grains added is less than the above ratio range, the next stage of switching to normal artificial milk mainly composed of grains will not be carried out smoothly, and solidification will be difficult. On the other hand, if the above-mentioned amount is too large, the proportion of milk ingredients will be relatively reduced, resulting in poor palatability for calves, which will result in early feeding, which is the objective of the present invention.
The effect of early weaning due to wedging is reduced.

Examples of cereals used here include corn and barley.

In addition to the above-mentioned milk raw materials and grains, the present invention uses fish soluble adsorbent feed, animal feed such as high quality fish meal, and vegetable oil meal such as soybean oil meal as feed materials containing high quality protein that can be digested by calves. In addition, it contains animal fats and oils as an energy source, vitamins,
Minerals etc. may be added.

By the way, in calves that begin to take to artificial milk early, their intake increases later on, promoting the development of the rumen and resulting in superior growth. Therefore, artificial milk has good palatability for calves. It is important that

Therefore, in a compound feed containing a large amount of milk raw materials as in the present invention, it is necessary to avoid as much as possible the crystallization temperature rising to 70 to 80'C during solidification, which causes thermal denaturation of milk proteins. .

Conventionally, the ordinary ring-type pellets used for solidifying artificial milk are not suitable because the quality increases to 70 to 80°C, but in the present invention, the compound feed can be heated without undergoing heat denaturation. It employs a low-temperature granulation means that can be shaped. As such a granulating means, an extrusion type granulator using a disc pelleter, a briquetting machine, a counterbore type Berendt mill, etc. can be used.

In other words, the solid compound feed (artificial milk) of the present invention obtained by these granulation methods has a lower heat content of milk raw materials and other protein raw materials than that obtained by using a conventional ring pelletizing method. It undergoes very little degeneration, has an appropriate hardness that is easy for calves to eat, and does not impair its taste and aroma, making it very easy to eat for calves immediately after being fed. Therefore, the artificial milk according to the present invention increases the ingestibility after feeding, improves the growth of the calf, and allows a smooth transition to normal artificial milk.

The solid compound feed according to the present invention is fed from around 3 to 5 days after colostrum feeding, and it is possible to wean the baby until around 3 weeks of age when the daily intake is 600 to 700 g. It will be improved.

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples.

Example 1 2 pcs H+ tag 1l Feed having the following blending ratio was solidified according to the following procedure.

h makeup cup Father Kaneda Nen (weight%) skimmed milk powder
80 Corn 10 Soybean oil cake 3 Vitamins/minerals 1 10% by weight of water is uniformly mixed with the feed consisting of the above combination, and this mixture (product temperature 20°C) is poured into a die with a diameter of 5. O
A mold was formed using a disc pelleter with a thickness of 25 mm and a thickness of 25 mm.

On the other hand, for comparison, 10% by weight of water was uniformly mixed with the same compounded feed as above, and this mixture (product temperature 20°C) was mixed with a die hole diameter of 5. It was molded using a ring type pellet mill with a die thickness of 40 mm and a die thickness of 40 mm.

Next, Table 1 shows the results of examining changes in product temperature during solidification and properties of pre-shaped products for the above-mentioned compounded feed according to the present invention and the compounded feed as a comparative example.

table 1 Note) Hardness is based on Kiya type 20kg hardness tester.

The L value is determined by Wara Norta Color Pigment Meter CR-100.

As shown in Table 1, the solid compound feed formed by the low-temperature granulation method of the present invention is less likely to be denatured by temperature and has softer hardness than the comparative example.

Test Example ■Next, a comparative test on growth was conducted by feeding 20 Holstein male calves the solid compound feed of the present invention according to Example 1 and the conventional artificial milk (solid feed) made from the formulation shown below. went. Each test group consisted of 10 animals, and both groups were fed a fixed amount of milk replacer and allowed to take solid feed ad libitum, and were weaned when the intake amount reached 700 g per day. The results are shown in Table 2, and the mice of the present invention were able to wean 12 days earlier and had better growth.

Conventional artificial milk (mixture ratio of solid feed) Feed 1 button frog Ratio [0] Corn (%) Corn 50 Bran 7 Skimmed bran 4 Soybean oil cake 34.5 Molasses 2 Salt 0.5 Calcium carbonate 1 Bitter bulk ξneral agent 1 10 1 1 Test Example ■ The solid compound feed of the present invention according to Example 1 and the solid compound feed as a comparative example (formed in a certain form using a ring type pellet mill) were as described in Test Example ■. The test was conducted following a similar procedure. The results are shown in Table 3, showing that the pigs of the present invention were weaned 7 days earlier than the comparative example, and had better growth.

That is, it can be seen that the solid compound feed formed by a low-temperature granulation method according to the present invention is superior.

1 2 13 Example 2 Nochijin + 2 long ago. +l Feed with the following blending ratio is granulated using a counterbore pellet mill, and the size is 6. A solid compound feed of OI was obtained.

Feed u1 frog Feeding 14T wound (leaf weight %) Skimmed milk powder 40 Corn 50 Soybean meal 3 Animal oil 2 Vitamins/Germons 1 Test example A growth comparison test was conducted using 20 Holstein male calves on conventional artificial milk.

In addition, 10 animals were each tested in each test area, and milk replacer was administered to 28 animals in both groups.
A fixed amount of feed was provided daily, and solid compound feed was available ad libitum in both groups. As shown in Table 4, the results showed that the feed of the present invention had better bite at the beginning of feeding and clearly had better growth.

As detailed above, the solid compound feed of the present invention is highly palatable to calves and increases the amount of bites from an early stage.
You can wean earlier. Therefore, it is highly effective in reducing cost and labor by shortening the weaning period and improving the growth performance of calves.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A solid compound feed for calves containing 40 to 80% by weight of milk raw materials and 10 to 50% by weight of grains. (2) The solid compound feed for calves according to claim (1), which is solidified by low-temperature granulation means.