JP3057388B2 - Pellet feed - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed suitable for livestock such as dairy cows, and more particularly to a pellet feed containing whole cottonseed.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Feeding dairy cows with cottonseed has been known for several decades, and it has been reported that feeding cows with cottonseed improves the milk fat percentage in dairy cows (see, for example, "Central Research Institute of All-Agri-Feed and Livestock"). Test Report, "1986 No. 15, 49-61
page).

[0003] However, feeding whole grain cotton seeds, especially with lint (fluff), is poor in palatability (preference) for some dairy cows and low in the amount of cottonseed, thus improving the milk fat ratio. Could not be obtained.

The inventor of the present invention has conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, has found that when cotton seeds are formed into pellets by using a bran or the like, the palatability is improved. No. 2-30735). The present invention relates to this improvement.

[0005]

The pellet feed containing whole cottonseed has a problem that it is fragile in its own nature and easily breaks in a drying step after molding. On the other hand, if it is too hard to be crushed, there is a problem that it is not cut to an appropriate length in a subsequent drying step. Further, since it is convenient to use the pelletizer (granulator) without heating from the viewpoint of reducing the manufacturing cost and saving energy, a binder that exhibits binding properties at room temperature is desired. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a pellet feed having appropriate viscosity, that is, mechanical self-sustainability even at normal temperature.

[0006]

According to the present invention, in order to make the mechanical independence of the pellets proper, a binder comprising rye bran or sake rice bran (also called Nakashira) is contained in an amount of 15 to 50% by weight. Features. When these binders are used, sufficient viscosity or tackiness is exhibited even at room temperature, and the strand-like or string-like pellets extruded from the pelletizer are cut into appropriate lengths and cut in a drying step while maintaining the shape.

[0007] The whole grain cotton seed used in the present invention is a cotton seed whose fluff has been mechanically removed, that is, ginned, or a cotton seed whose fluff has been completely removed by chemical treatment such as acid treatment or burning with a flame. It includes everything. In other words, the cottonseed itself is not crushed but maintains its overall shape. In addition, lint (fluff) having a length of about 2 to 3 mm (millimeter) usually remains in the ginned cottonseed. Since whole lint-free cottonseed requires processing, it is more convenient to use as-ginned cottonseed.

[0008] Except for the whole-grain cotton seed without lint, the whole-grain cotton seed is inferior in mixability with other feeds due to its fluff. However, the handling is improved by pelletization, and this is eliminated. You.

In the present invention, whole grain cottonseed is used because when crushed, oils and fats leach out from inside, which adversely affects rumen such as dairy cows in the rumen flora. is there. Therefore, when the raw material of the present invention is pelletized, sufficient care must be taken not to crush the whole grain. For example, when a die having a through-hole is used for the pelletizer, the through-hole should have a diameter of 8 to 15 mm (mm).
It is important that the seeds be of sufficient size so that the whole cottonseed can easily pass through.

[0010] As the binder used in the present invention, rye bran and / or sake rice bran (also called Nakashira) is suitable.
The reason why they are suitable as binders is that they exhibit tackiness when kneaded with water even at normal temperature. The use ratio of these binders is 15 to 60 to 60% by weight of whole cottonseed.
It is preferably from 50 to 50% by weight (the remainder is a nutritional control material), and more preferably from 20 to 40% by weight (the remainder is a nutritional control material) with respect to 40 to 60% by weight. If it is less than 15% by weight, the bonding action is small, and if it is forcibly bonded, cotton seeds will be broken due to excessive pressure. On the other hand, if the amount of the binder exceeds 50% by weight, the bonding strength becomes so strong that it cannot be cut to an appropriate length (about 10 to 30 mm) in the drying step. When the binder is 70% by weight or more, the cottonseed and the binder are not mixed well, and the amount of the cottonseed is partially increased or decreased, or becomes non-uniform, and granulation becomes difficult. Particularly when fluff remains on the cottonseed, this blocking is likely to occur. In addition, since the binder absorbs water, as the amount of binder increases, the overall moisture content increases during humidification, making drying after granulation difficult.

In the whole grain cotton seed used in the present invention, it is better to increase the mixing ratio as much as possible in order to improve the milk fat ratio, but in order to maintain the milk protein content, it is necessary to provide protein. The above mixing ratio is preferable.

[0012] In addition to the whole grain cotton seeds and the binder, TDN (total digestible nutrient) and DC
For the preparation of P (digestible crude protein) and micronutrients, okara as a nutrient adjuster, industrial by-products such as brewer's yeast, sake lees, starch husk, soy sauce lees, defatted soybeans, bagasse, cereals such as corn, alfalfa, etc. Dried grasses, and calcium carbonate, propionic acid, lysine, methionine, and the like as trace nutrient adjusters.

[0013] In the present specification, when the weight% is used as a unit, it is expressed without adding water. Therefore, the water content of the material itself is not included in water as part of the material itself.

The through-holes provided in the extrusion die of the pelletizer (in the present invention, an extruder is used) preferably have a diameter of 8 to 15 mm (millimeter).
0 mm (millimeter) is more preferable. The stroke of the die through-hole, that is, the length of the through-hole is preferably 15 to 20 mm (millimeter).

[0015]

EXAMPLES Examples and comparative examples will be described below in order to explain the present invention in more detail, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 100 parts by weight of whole grained cottonseed with lint, 50 parts by weight of rye bran, 5 parts by weight of dried okara, 3 parts by weight of molasses,
5 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 15 parts by weight of corn and 30 parts by weight of water are mixed, and the diameter is 8 mm (mm) ×
A pellet in the form of a strand is obtained by a pelletizer having a die having a large number of through holes with a stroke of 17 mm, and the pellet is dried by a drum type drier to reduce the water content to about 12 to 1.
It was adjusted to 4% by weight. The size of the obtained pellets was a mesh of 8 × 8 mm, and when sieved, 0.6% by weight passed through the mesh.

1 kg (kilogram) of the thus obtained pelleted feed was fed to 5 dairy cows (castrated Holstein, 15 months old), and the time until eating was measured. Then, the average value of the five animals was calculated. As a result, the first day took 15 minutes, the second day became 8 minutes, and the third day became 5 minutes faster. The fourth and fifth days were both 6 minutes. From this, it was found that the pellets of this example were ingested generally within 10 minutes. The composition and results of this example are as shown in Table 1. In addition, the judgment of the paratability is indicated by a cross if the food is not eaten even after the time limit of 180 minutes is reached, a triangle if the food is consumed within 180 minutes,
The symbol ◎ indicates that you will eat within 30 minutes.

The pellets produced in Example 1 were given to six lactating dairy cows (Holstein breed) at a rate of 2 kg / day / head for 2 weeks, and the milk fat percentage was measured. The pellet feed of the present invention is a self-mixed feed (TDN = 70.3%; DCP
= 14.7%) was fed mixed with 5 kg / day / head, and hay was given on average 7.1 kg / day / head. The results are as shown in Table 1. Milk fat ratio is 3.
At 53% by weight, which exceeded the target value of 3.5% by weight, it was judged to be acceptable. Generally, as for the milk fat ratio, it is determined that 3.5% by weight or more is acceptable and less than 3.5% by weight is unacceptable.

The average daily amount of milk expressed is 26.
kg, which is almost the same as the case where the feed of the present invention is not fed, and has a non-fat solid content of 8.57% by weight, which is much higher than that without the feed of the present invention.

[0020]

[Table 1]

Example 2 A mixture of 100 parts by weight of whole grained cottonseed with lint, 100 parts by weight of rye bran, 5 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and 40 parts by weight of water was mixed into a large number of pieces having a diameter of 10 mm (millimeter) and a stroke of 19 mm. Strand-shaped pellets were obtained with a pelletizer having a die provided with through holes, and the pellets were dried with a drum drier so that the water content was about 12 to 14% by weight. The size of the obtained pellet is 8
When sieved with a × 8 mm mesh, 0.5% by weight passed through the mesh.

1 kg (kilogram) of the pelleted feed thus obtained was fed to 5 dairy cows (castrated Holstein breed, 15 months old), and the time until eating was measured. Then, the average value of the five animals was calculated. As a result, the first day took 15 minutes, the second day became 8 minutes, and the third day became 5 minutes faster. From this, it was found that the pellets of this example were ingested generally within 10 minutes.

Also in this embodiment, the feed of the present invention was fed to lactating cows of Holstein breeding group consisting of six cows for 2 weeks in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the milk fat ratio, nonfat solid content and milk The production was measured. Table 1 shows the composition and results of this example.
As shown in FIG.

Comparative Example 1 On the other hand, when lint-free cotton seeds with lint were fed to 5 dairy cows (Holstein, 15 months old) without pelleting, they were all eaten in the 180-minute time limit. Did not. The average amount of cottonseed left is 300
g (gram). In the same manner as in Example 1, the milk fat ratio, the non-fat solid content, and the milk production amount were measured. The composition and the measurement results are as shown in Table 1.

From the above, it was found that the pelleting improved the cotton seeds' palatability and thus the milk fat percentage.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 100 parts by weight of ginned whole grain cotton seed with lint, 150 parts by weight of rye bran, 120 parts by weight of sake rice bran, 10 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, and 60 parts by weight of water were introduced into an extruder. And the binder were not mixed and remained separated, so that strand-like pellets could not be obtained. Therefore, no further experiments were possible.

Examples 3 to 6 Pellets were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the formulations shown in Table 1, and their mesh permeability, paratability,
The fat percentage, non-fat solids and milk production per cow per day were examined. The results are as shown in Table 1.

[0029]

(1) The pellet-shaped feed of the present invention has good palatability as described above, and has a size of about 8 to 10 mm in diameter and about 8 to 20 mm in length, and can be easily blended with other feeds. Is also advantageous. In addition, there is an advantage that the cottonseed itself is not crushed and exerts a bad influence in the lumen, which is useful for improving the milk fat ratio. (2) The rye bran used in the present invention, particularly rye bran, has a high digestibility of 70% or more and a good amino acid composition of the protein, and is not only preferable as a binder but also nutritionally. (3) Even when the feed of the present invention is given, there is an advantage that the amount of milk per day hardly changes and the non-fat solid content tends to increase.

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A pellet feed comprising 30 to 60% by weight of whole cottonseed and 15 to 50% by weight of a binder comprising rye bran and / or rice bran. 2. The pelletized feed according to claim 1, which has a diameter of 8 to 15 mm (millimeter). 3. The pelletized feed according to claim 1, wherein the whole grain cotton seed is ginned whole grain cotton seed. 4. A palladium improving agent comprising one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of molasses, sugars such as glucose, dried whey powder, and grass extract.
The pellet-shaped feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pellet-type feed contains 1% by weight.