JPH0345252Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Field of industrial application] The present invention relates to a model used in teaching the laws of inheritance in schools and the like.

[Conventional technology]

For example, if a gene involved in a certain dominant trait is represented by A, a gene involved in a recessive trait is represented by a, a gene involved in another dominant trait is represented by B, and a gene involved in a recessive trait is represented by b. , if the parent's genotype is AaBb, the child's genotype is AA,
Four combinations of Ab, aB, and ab are created, and the number of each set is approximately equal.

It is known that cards are used as teaching materials in schools and the like to teach how the genotypes of gametes and the genotypes of hybrids (offspring) appear.

That is, 4 corresponding to genes A, a, B and b
Prepare two types of cards and two boxes, put multiple cards of gene A and cards of gene a in one box, and put multiple cards of gene B and genes b in the other box. Explain that you can make combinations by manually taking out one card from both boxes at random, and by repeating this action many times, you can create the same number of combinations AB, Ab, aB, ab. Was.

[Problem that the invention attempts to solve]

However, in the case of using the above-mentioned cards, the cards had to be divided into two types in advance, and the cards were taken out directly by hand, so as a result of coincidence, the same number of combinations of AB, Ab, aB, ab It was difficult to convince them that they could do it individually.
Another problem was that the cards were flat and did not attract much interest from students.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a model for teaching the laws of inheritance that can solve the above problems.

[Means and actions for solving problems]

In the present invention, a first spherical body has a first permanent magnet embedded in the outer circumference of the first spherical holder, which is magnetized in the radial direction of the spherical holder, and a second spherical holder. a second spherical body in which a second permanent magnet magnetized in a direction opposite to that of the first permanent magnet is embedded in the outer peripheral portion; and a second spherical body having the same configuration as the first spherical body and the first spherical body. A third spherical body with a color or letters, etc. that is visually distinguishable from the body, and a color, letters, etc. that have the same configuration as the second spherical body and are visually distinguishable from the second spherical body. A model for teaching the laws of inheritance is constructed from the combination with the fourth spherical body labeled with.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 A, B, C and D are front views of the spherical body of the model for teaching the laws of inheritance according to the present invention, and Figure 2 A,
B, C and D are the same lines and - lines in Figure 1.
3 is a sectional view showing how the model according to the present invention is used, FIG. 4 is a side view showing how each spherical body is connected, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view of another model according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the state of use.

In the figure, 1A, 1B, 1a and 1b are the first, second and third models of the genetic law teaching model according to the present invention.
and a fourth spherical body (hereinafter collectively referred to as spherical body 1), and these spherical bodies 1 are spherical holding bodies 2A, 2B, 2 made of foamed resin such as expanded polystyrene.
a and 2b (hereinafter collectively referred to as spherical holder 2),
It is composed of cylindrical permanent magnets 3A, 3B, 3a, and 3b (hereinafter collectively referred to as permanent magnets 3) embedded in the outer periphery of these spherical holders 2.

Each permanent magnet 3 is magnetized in the radial direction of the spherical holder 2, and furthermore, the permanent magnets 3A, 3a and the permanent magnets 3B, 3b are magnetized in opposite directions. That is, the permanent magnets 3A, 3a of the first and third spherical bodies 1A, 1a are arranged so that their N poles face outward and their S poles face inward, and
The permanent magnets 3B and 3b of B and 2b have their S poles on the outside,
It is arranged so that the north pole faces inward.

Therefore, the first spherical body 1A can only be combined with the second or fourth spherical body 1B, 1b, and the third spherical body 1a can also be combined with the second or fourth spherical body 1.
It becomes possible to combine only with B and 1b. Further, the first spherical body 1A is never combined with the third spherical body 1a, and the second spherical body 1B is never combined with the fourth spherical body 1b. That is, each spherical body 1 can be coupled by magnetic force within the range of combinations shown by broken lines in FIG.

In addition, the outer peripheral surface of the first spherical body 1A is colored blue, and "A" representing gene A is printed on the surface.
The outer circumferential surface of the second spherical body 1B is colored red, and the letter "B" representing gene B is written on its surface, and the outer circumferential surface of the third spherical body 1a is colored light blue. The fourth spherical body 1b is colored pink, and the letter "a" representing gene a is written on its surface, and the outer peripheral surface of the fourth spherical body 1b is colored pink,
The letter "b" representing gene b is written on its surface.

Next, a method of using the model according to the present invention will be explained.

First, the same number of spherical bodies 1A, 1B, 1a, and 1b are placed in the box 4, and if necessary, the box 4 is shaken well after being covered with the lid 5. Thereafter, one pair of each pair of connected spherical bodies 1 is taken out from the box 4.
The spherical bodies 1 in the box 4 are mixed randomly, but each spherical body 1A, 1B, 1a and 1b has permanent magnets 3A, 3 magnetized in a predetermined direction as described above.
B, 3a and 3b are buried, the first and third spherical bodies 1A, 1a are combined only with the second or fourth spherical bodies 1B, 1b, and the first spherical body 1
A never combines with the third spherical body 1a, and the second spherical body 1B never combines with the fourth spherical body 1b.

Therefore, after shaking the box 4, each spherical body 1A, 1B,
As shown in FIG. 4, combinations of 1a and 1b include a combination of a first spherical body 1A and a second spherical body 1B, and a combination of a first spherical body 1A and a fourth spherical body 1b.
A combination of the third spherical body 1a and the second spherical body 1B, and a combination of the third spherical body 1a and the fourth spherical body 1B.
There are four types of combinations of spherical bodies 1b.
In other words, it corresponds to four combinations of genotypes: AB, Ab, aB, and ab. Furthermore, since the probabilities of creating these combinations are equal, the number of sets for each combination is equal.

Therefore, according to the model of this invention, the genotype of the parents is
In the case of AaBb, the genotypes of the offspring are AA, Ab, aB,
It can be explained that combinations of ab can be taken and that the number of offspring genotypes will be the same.

Further, as shown in Fig. 5, four spherical bodies 1A, 1B, 1a and 1b are placed in two boxes 4F and 4M, each corresponding to a male and a female, and after stirring, the genes of the offspring are taken out one set at a time. You can also check how it appears.

[Effect of idea]

As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) Since the spherical bodies representing each genetic type are connected using magnets to form pairs, there is no need to directly touch each spherical body, making it easier to convince that each combination occurs as a result of chance. .

(2) By selecting the polarity of the permanent magnet of the spherical bodies representing each genotype, spherical bodies representing genotypes of the same trait will not combine with each other. There is no need to separate genotypes.

(3) Since the model is three-dimensional and visually appealing, it can attract students' interest.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 A, B, C and D are front views of the spherical body of the model for teaching the laws of inheritance according to the present invention, and Figure 2 A,
B, C and D are the same lines and - lines in Figure 1.
3 is a sectional view showing how the model according to the present invention is used, FIG. 4 is a side view showing how each spherical body is connected, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view of another model according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the state of use. 1: Spherical body, 2A, 2B, 2a, 2b: Spherical holding body, 3A, 3B, 3a, 3b: Permanent magnet, 4,
4F, 4M: Box, 5: Lid.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A first spherical body in which a first permanent magnet magnetized in the radial direction of the first spherical holder is embedded in the outer periphery of the first spherical holder, and a second spherical holder in the outer periphery thereof.
A second permanent magnet magnetized in the opposite direction to the first permanent magnet.
a second spherical body in which a permanent magnet is embedded;
a third spherical body having the same configuration as the spherical body and having a color or letters, etc. that are visually distinguishable from the first spherical body, and a third spherical body having the same configuration as the second spherical body and A model for teaching the laws of inheritance, which is made of a combination of the second spherical body and a fourth spherical body, which has a color or a letter or the like that is visually distinguishable from the second spherical body.