JPH0345240B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention is designed to discharge moisture generated in an airtight chamber to the outside while maintaining airtightness, or to supply moisture required within the airtight chamber to the inside while maintaining airtightness. This invention relates to improvements to water sealing devices that have been developed, and is suitable for maintaining airtightness in high-speed railway vehicles.

[Background of the invention]

The present applicant previously obtained patent No. 976658 for the conventional water sealing device.
This will be explained using a water sealing device filed as a patent application. FIG. 1 shows a state in which stored water 4 is supplied from an inflow pipe 2 into water storage chambers 5 and 6 partitioned by partition walls.
The water storage chamber 5 was provided with an inflow pipe 2 leading to the airtight chamber 1, and the water storage chamber 6 was provided with an outflow pipe 3, and the water storage chambers 5 and 6 were connected by a siphon pipe 9 having ventilation holes 7, 8 near the tips. structure, and the volumes of the water storage chambers 5 and 6 are made almost equal. Further, the intervals between the tips of the inflow pipe 2 and the outflow pipe 3 and the top of the siphon pipe 9 are set so that the volumes of the water storage chambers 5 and 6 are equal to or larger than the internal volume of the siphon pipe 9. In such a device, when the stored water 4 is supplied from the inflow pipe 2 as shown in FIG. 4 overflows and is supplied to the water storage chamber 6 side. Furthermore, the supply of stored water 4 continues, and the stored water 4
When it reaches the upper position of the vent hole 8, the siphon tube 9
An intermediate air layer 11 is formed within. Furthermore, when the supply of stored water 4 is continued from the inflow pipe 2, water storage chambers 5 and 6
The water levels both rise to the state shown in FIG. 2, and even if the stored water 4 is supplied any more, it will only be discharged from the outflow pipe 3 and the water level will not change.

In the initial state where the pressure inside and outside the airtight chamber 1 is equal, the intermediate air layer 11 has a head difference of H 1 from the water surface of the outflow pipe 3 in the water storage chamber 6, and also has a head difference of H ₁ from the water surface of the outflow pipe 3 in the water storage chamber 5. Since there is a water head difference between the intermediate air layer 11 which is lower on the siphon tube 9 side by H ₁ , the intermediate air layer 11 is compressed and generates a positive pressure corresponding to the water head H ₁ . This pressure acts as a resistance to the flow inside the siphon tube 9, resulting in a problem of lowering the drainage capacity of the water sealing device.

Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, in the structure shown in FIG. 2, the distance _H2 between the upper tip of the outflow pipe 3 and the upper surface of the outflow side water storage chamber 6 is shortened. That is, the area of the inflow portion of the stored water 4 into the outflow pipe 3 formed in a cylindrical shape between the upper tip of the outflow pipe 3 and the upper surface of the outflow side water storage chamber 6, specifically, the upper part of the outflow pipe 3. The distance _H2 is shortened so that the area obtained by multiplying the circumferential length of the tip by the distance _H2 is equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the siphon tube 9.

With this configuration, the flow rate of the inflow portion to the outflow pipe 3 is always faster than the flow rate of the stored water 4 in the siphon pipe 9, so that the flow rate of the water stored in the outflow side water storage chamber 6
It becomes possible to discharge the air accumulated inside from the outflow pipe 3 to the outside. That is, as the flow rate at the inflow portion to the outflow pipe 3 increases, the force acting on the bubbles due to the flowing water, that is, the drag force acting on the bubbles, more frequently exceeds the buoyancy of the bubbles in the water, and the outflow side water storage chamber It becomes relatively easy to discharge the air accumulated in the exhaust pipe 6 to the outside from the outflow pipe 3. As a result, in the state shown in FIG. 2, if the amount of water flowing into the inflow pipe 2 reaches a flow rate at which the drag force of the air exceeds the buoyancy force, or if the amount of water flowing into the inflow pipe 2 becomes such that a flow rate can be obtained where the drag force of the air exceeds the buoyancy force, or if the amount of water flowing into the inflow pipe 2 becomes such that a flow rate is achieved, or the airtight chamber where the movement of the stored water that causes the above-mentioned flow rate is carried out. The air in the water storage chamber 6 is discharged when external pressure fluctuations occur. The pressure balance when the air in the water storage chamber 6 is almost completely exhausted and the state shown in FIG. 3 is reached is as follows. That is, the outflow pipe 3
The lower end of H 3 and the intermediate air layer 11 become a head difference in the negative direction of H ₃ . This is in the same direction as the water head difference H ₁ that occurs between the water storage chamber 5 and the intermediate air layer 11, and the water head added to the entire water sealing device becomes H ₁ + H ₃ , and the flow velocity in the siphon tube 9 increases and the intermediate air layer 11 increases. is discharged into the water storage chamber 6 and outside from the outflow pipe 3, and the siphon pipe 9 becomes in a communicating state as shown in FIG.

In this way, the pressure may be balanced in a state where the siphon pipes 9 are in communication, but in such a state in which the siphon pipes 9 are in communication, the water head in the outflow pipe 3 will prevail, and the water level in the water storage chamber 5 will fall. When the water level of the stored water 4 in the water storage chamber 5 reaches the ventilation hole 7 of the siphon tube 9, the air in the airtight chamber 1 is sucked in as bubbles 10 through the ventilation hole 7, and an intermediate air layer 1 is formed in the siphon tube 9.
Reshape 1. Furthermore, when comparing the siphon pipe 9 and the outflow pipe 3 in the above state, the outflow pipe 3 has a water head difference H ₃ at its lower end, so the stored water 4 in the water storage chamber 6 does not flow out. Continue to expand the intermediate air layer 11. Then, the intermediate air layer 11 expands and reaches the position of the ventilation hole 8, and the air bubbles 10 are discharged from the ventilation hole 8. This state is the state shown in FIG.

In the state shown in FIG. 5, an air layer is formed between the upper surface of the water storage chamber 6 and the upper end of the outflow pipe 3 by the air bubbles 10 from the ventilation hole 8, so that only the water in the outflow pipe 3 is Only by being discharged, the outflow of the stored water 4 is stopped. This state is shown in FIG. In the state shown in FIG. 6, the upper part of the outflow pipe 3 is at atmospheric pressure, so H 1 is at the siphon pipe 9 section on the water storage chamber 6 side, and H ₁ is on the water storage chamber 5 side.
The head pressure of H ₄ is applied in the same direction, pushing a part of the intermediate air layer 11 toward the water storage chamber 5 side, resulting in the state shown in FIG. Furthermore, since there is a difference in the water heads in the water storage chambers 5 and 6, the flow of the stored water ₄ continues, and as shown in FIG. The flow stops leaving the intermediate air layer 11, and the intermediate air layer 11 cannot be completely eliminated.

In this way, an intermediate air layer 11 is formed in the siphon tube 9.
remains, the intermediate air layer 11 is in a compressed state because the head pressure of H ₅ in the water storage chambers 5 and 6 is acting on it. Therefore, when waste water is supplied from the inflow pipe 2 in this state, there is a problem that the intermediate air layer 11 acts as a resistance and the stored water 4 does not flow smoothly. That is, when the siphon tube 9 is filled with water and is in a communicating state, the water heads of the stored water 4 in the siphon tube 9 are balanced with each other on the water storage chambers 5 and 6 side, so there is no particular resistance. That's not going to happen. However, when the intermediate air layer 11 exists, the intermediate air layer 11 moves toward the water storage chamber 5 side and the water storage chamber 6 side within the siphon tube 9, or because the intermediate air layer 11 is compressed. As a result, both water heads change slightly, causing a problem that the stored water 4 does not flow smoothly.

[Purpose of the invention]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a water sealing device in which the drainage capacity is not reduced by preventing the formation of an intermediate air layer within the siphon tube.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention divides the water storage chamber into two chambers with approximately equal volumes, connects an inflow pipe to the upper part of the inflow side water storage chamber,
An outflow pipe is provided in the outflow side water storage chamber so that its upper end is located above the upper end of the siphon pipe described later, and its lower end extends below the outflow side water storage chamber,
The two chambers were communicated by a siphon pipe, and the intervals were set so that each volume of the water storage chamber at the interval between the lower end of the inflow pipe, the upper end of the outflow pipe, and the upper end of the siphon pipe was greater than the internal volume of the siphon pipe. In a water sealing device for an airtight room, the inflow area of the stored water into the outflow pipe is determined by the distance between the top end of the outflow pipe and the top surface of the outflow side water storage chamber and the circumference of the top end of the outflow pipe. The cross-sectional area of the siphon tube is set to be equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the pipe, and the cross-sectional area of the siphon pipe is made large in diameter at the top, and the pipe sections extending downward from the large diameter part are subjected to a drag force that exceeds the buoyancy of the air bubbles. It is characterized in that the cross section is gradually reduced from the vicinity of the large diameter portion to the cross sectional area that corresponds to the flow velocity that occurs, and the small diameter portion is extended downward.

[Embodiments of the invention]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13.
This will be explained using figures. In the figure, water storage chamber 5,
6. The basic structure of the inflow pipe 2, outflow pipe 3, etc. is almost the same as that of the conventional example. In this embodiment, the structure of the siphon tube 9 is different from that of the conventional example. That is, the cross-sectional area of the top of the siphon tube 9 is formed to have a large diameter in consideration of the maximum flow rate of water discharged from the airtight chamber 1. However, the internal volume of the siphon tube 9 cannot be made too large because it must be less than or equal to the volume between the upper end of the siphon tube of each water storage chamber 5, 6 and the lower end of the inflow pipe 2 or the upper end of the outflow pipe 3. In addition, the siphon tube 9
The portion extending downward from the top has a structure in which the cross section gradually decreases from the portion near the top, and the smallest cross section extends to the lower tip. An experimental result has been obtained that it is best to set the cross-sectional area ratio of the large diameter portion of the top portion to the small diameter portion of the minimum cross section portion to be approximately 1:1.32.

The above structure and its operation will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 10. FIG. 10 shows an enlarged view of the siphon tube 9 portion on the water storage chamber 5 side in FIG. 1st
In FIG. 0, reference numerals 12 and 13 are thin tubes that are virtually expressed to represent the state of flow in the upper and lower portions of the siphon tube 9. Reference numeral 14 denotes a reference plane representing the state of the flow, and 15 denotes a dynamic hydraulic line in which a piezo head, which is a total head of a pressure head and a position head, is connected. Further, when Bernoulli's equation is applied to the flow in the siphon tube 9 at the attachment point of the thin tube 12 and the thin tube 13, the velocity head Hv ₁ , Hv ₂ , the pressure head Hp ₁ , Hp ₂ ,
The position head is expressed as Hz ₁ , Hz ₂ , and the loss head between the two points is expressed as H _L .

In order to increase the flow rate of the flow at the attachment point of the thin tube 12, the cross section of this part of the siphon tube 9 is made small in diameter,
In addition, the cross section is gradually reduced in order to suppress the resistance to the flow to the small diameter portion and guide it smoothly. With such a configuration, the velocity head Hv ₂
Pressure head Hp ₂ and position head Hz ₂ decrease as . On the other hand, the volume relationship of water storage chambers 5 and 6 is the pressure head
The configuration is such that the difference between Hp ₁ , that is, H ₆ and the pressure head Hp ₂ is sufficiently large with respect to the total value of the buoyancy and surface tension acting on the intermediate air layer 11, and
The volume relationship is set so that the flow continues long enough for the liquid to be expelled and dissipated. Further, the small diameter portion of the siphon tube 9 is configured to have a diameter that allows a flow velocity such that the drag force is greater than the buoyancy of the bubbles existing inside.

In the water seal device configured in this way, the ninth
The intermediate air layer 11 in the state shown in the figure is caused by the water head H ₆ acting on the siphon tube 9 itself and the specifications of the water storage chambers 5 and 6, so that the stored water 4 flows at the predetermined flow velocity. The water is drawn in, becomes bubbles 10, and is discharged into the water storage chamber 5. and,
Eventually, as shown in FIG. 11, the water heads of the stored water 4 in the water storage chambers 5 and 6 become equal, and the flow stops. Through the process described above, the siphon state is established. After this state is reached, when the stored water 4 is supplied from the inflow pipe 2, the water head in each water storage chamber 5, 6 will rise, and the water level in the water storage chamber 6 will reach the upper end of the discharge pipe 3, and the water will rise further. Only the stored water 4 will be discharged. At this time, the water heads in the water storage chambers 5 and 6 are kept equal.

FIG. 12 shows a state immediately before the pressure outside the airtight chamber 1 becomes low and the airtightness is broken. That is, the pressure applied to the surface of the stored water 4 through the inflow pipe 2 becomes higher, and the stored water 4 in the water storage chamber 5 is pushed down and finally reaches the position of the ventilation hole 7 of the siphon pipe 9. Furthermore, when the pressure difference is large,
Air bubbles 10 are supplied into the siphon tube 9 through the ventilation hole 7, and an intermediate air layer 11 is formed to break the siphon state. When the pressure difference is greater than that, more air bubbles 10 are supplied, and the intermediate air layer 11
The pressure increases, and the water head in the water storage chamber 6 side of the siphon tube 9 decreases and reaches the position of the ventilation hole 8. Considering the pressure difference inside and outside the airtight chamber 1 in this state, first, the pressure in the intermediate air layer 11 is higher than the external pressure by H ₁ ,
The pressure in the hermetic chamber 1 communicated by the inlet pipe 2 is higher than the pressure in the intermediate air layer 11 by H ₄ .
Therefore, the airtight maintenance ability at this time is H ₁ +H ₄ .

FIG. 13 shows a state immediately before the external pressure inside the airtight chamber 1 increases and the airtightness is broken. In this case, the pressure will be balanced in the opposite direction to that shown in FIG. 12, and the airtightness will be H ₄ +H ₈ . In both cases of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, when the pressure difference between the inside and outside disappears, the water head in the higher one of the water storage chambers 5 or 6 falls to the top of the siphon tube 9. is discharged into the water storage chamber on the opposite side, and the siphon state is regenerated.

As explained above, according to the above structure, even if an intermediate air layer is generated within the siphon tube, it can be easily discharged, and the inside of the siphon tube can be kept in a communicating state at all times. Therefore, since the stored water flows without an intermediate air layer inside the siphon pipe, it is possible to prevent problems that would otherwise occur due to the presence of the air layer, and the stored water, that is, the airtight chamber, can be smoothly transferred to the outside. wastewater can be discharged.
Further, with the above configuration, it is possible to ensure the initial airtightness maintenance ability when a change in air pressure occurs between the outside and the outside of the airtight room. Incidentally, in the embodiment described above, a case has been described in which the waste water is discharged to the outside of the airtight chamber, but it goes without saying that the same effect can be achieved when liquid is supplied into the airtight chamber according to the above structure.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, the intermediate air layer in the siphon tube can be discharged by the flow of stored water, so the existence of the intermediate air layer in the siphon tube can be significantly reduced, and the intermediate air layer It is possible to prevent a decrease in drainage capacity due to

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a conventional water sealing device, Figs. 2 to 8 are longitudinal sectional views explaining the structure and operation of an improved water sealing device of Fig. 1, and Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of a conventional water sealing device. A vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the water sealing device according to the present invention, FIG. 10 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view showing the behavior inside the siphon tube of FIG. 9, and FIGS. 11 to 13 are the water sealing device of FIG. 9. FIG. 1...airtight chamber, 2...inflow pipe, 3...outflow pipe,
4...Reserved water, 5, 6...Water storage chamber, 7, 8...Vent hole, 9...Siphon tube, 10...Bubble, 11
...Intermediate air layer, 12,13...Virtual capillary, 1
4...Reference plane, 15...Hydraulic wiring, 16...
Energy wiring.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Divide the water storage chamber into two rooms with approximately equal volumes,
An inflow pipe is connected to the upper part of the inflow side water storage chamber, and an outflow pipe is connected to the outflow side water storage chamber, the upper end of which is located above the upper end of the siphon pipe described later, and the lower end thereof extends below the outflow side water storage chamber. The two chambers are connected by a siphon pipe, and the intervals are set such that each volume of the water storage chamber at the interval between the lower end of the inflow pipe, the upper end of the outflow pipe, and the upper end of the siphon pipe is equal to or larger than the internal volume of the siphon pipe. In a water sealing device for an airtight room, the distance between the upper tip of the outflow pipe and the top surface of the outflow side water storage chamber is determined by the distance and the circumference of the upper end of the outflow pipe at the inflow part of the stored water into the outflow pipe. The cross-sectional area of the siphon tube is set to be equal to or less than the cross-sectional area of the siphon tube, and the cross-sectional area of the siphon tube is made large in diameter at the top, and the pipe portions extending downward from the large diameter portion are controlled by the buoyancy of air bubbles. A water seal device characterized in that the cross section is gradually reduced from the vicinity of the large diameter portion to a cross sectional area at which the flow velocity generates an exceeding drag force, and the small diameter portion is extended downward.