JPH0344038B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for automatically controlling the ground pressure of a rampway connecting a ship and a quay.

Rampways for loading and unloading cargo and vehicles from ships such as cargo ships have become considerably larger in recent years as ships have become larger and cargo handling operations have become more efficient. Ground contact pressure is often applied.

For this reason, conventionally, a lift device such as a winch that erects and stores the rampway is used to carry part of the weight of the rampway after it is erected, thereby reducing the ramp load on the quay side.

For example, a hydraulic winch is used for this elevating device, and after the rampway is erected, the winch is driven with a predetermined driving force to maintain a constant tension on the wire hanging on the rampway as long as the rampway is not pulled up. It is controlled to add.

This supports the rampway, reduces the weight on the quay, and maintains the ground pressure against the quay within a predetermined value.

However, in cases where the rampway is supported by a constant force using a winch, etc., it is difficult to follow up when the load balance in each part is lost due to mechanical torque loss from the winch or the pulleys that engage the wire. For example, if the relative height between the quay and the ship's hull suddenly changes due to tides or changes in cargo, and the ship's hull becomes higher, unwinding of the wire may be delayed, or in some cases, the wire may not be unwound at all. If it cannot be unrolled, the rampway may float off the quay. In addition, when the hull is lowered, there is a problem that the winding of the wire is likely to be delayed, and the load from vehicles and the ramp will not only increase ground contact pressure on the quay, damaging the quay or violating port regulations. .

This invention improves the followability of the rampway even when the relative height of the ship changes suddenly, keeps the rampway in a stable state, and prevents the ground pressure against the quay from deviating from an appropriate value. It is an object.

To this end, the present invention provides a guide section that is connected to the tip of the rampway via a hinge, a support cylinder that supports the guide section around the hinge, and an understep that is grounded at the front end of the guide section. While installing the rampway, the lifting device that erects and stores the rampway will carry part of the weight of the rampway after it is erected.
In a rampway designed to reduce ground pressure against a quay, etc., means for detecting the internal pressure of the support cylinder generated after the rampway is constructed, and control for increasing or decreasing the driving force of the lifting device in response to the detected value. means is provided to control the supporting force of the rampway by the lifting device to be strengthened when the internal pressure of the support cylinder is greater than a predetermined value, and to weaken the supporting force when the internal pressure is smaller than the predetermined value.

The grounding state and erection state of the rampway with respect to the quay are judged from the internal pressure of the support cylinder. When the internal pressure increases, the driving force of the lifting device is increased to quickly lift the rampway, while when the internal pressure decreases, the rampway is raised quickly. Reduce the driving force to quickly lower the rampway.

As a result, the rampway is able to follow sudden changes in the position of the ship, and the rampway is always maintained in the best condition while keeping the ground pressure against the quay at an appropriate level. be.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

1 and 2 are a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention and a block diagram of its control circuit (control means) 1, in which 2 is a hull and 3 is a rampway.

In the rampway 3, a base end of a ramp body 4 is rotatably supported by the hull 2 via a root hinge 5, and a guide section (guideway) 7 is attached to the tip of the ramp body 4 via a hinge 6. It is arranged so that it can rotate freely and connect to each floor surface.

A support cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) 9 that rotates and supports the guide section 7 around the hinge 6 is installed between the guide section 7 and a bracket arm 8 protruding from the tip of the lamp body 4. The support cylinder 9 is driven when hydraulic pressure is supplied from the hydraulic pump.

By raising and lowering the guide section 7 with respect to the lamp body 4 using this support cylinder 9, the inclination angle of the guide section 7 can be set, and the slope and height of the ramp way 3 during construction can be adjusted. There is.

In addition, at the front end of the guide section 7, there is a quay 1.
An understep 11 that is grounded at 0 and smoothly connected to the quay 10 is attached via a hinge 12.

On the other hand, a suspension pulley 13 is attached to the upper surface of the tip side of the lamp body 4, and a wire 35 is connected between the winch 14 as a lifting device installed on the upper part of the hull 2 and the fixed pulley 15 arranged above the winch 14. Can be hung on.

The tip of the wire 35 is fixed below the pulley 15, and the winch 14 is a hydraulically driven winch in this case.

This winch 14 is connected to a hydraulic pump 1 that is supplied via a control valve (directional switching valve) 16.
The control valve 16 is operated in the hoisting direction to supply pressure oil to the winch 1.
When the hydraulic motor 4 (not shown) is supplied in the forward direction, the winch 14 rotates in the forward direction according to the hydraulic pressure.
The ramp way 3 is raised via the wire 35.

Furthermore, when the control valve 16 is operated in the lowering direction to supply pressure oil in the opposite direction of the hydraulic motor, resistance such as a restriction is applied to the return side of the oil.
Due to this resistance, the winch 14 is gently reversed, and the rampway 3 is lowered.

In this way, the rampway 3 is lowered onto the quay 10 and is constructed at an appropriate height and slope by the support cylinders 9.

In this embodiment, the hydraulic pressure supplied from the hydraulic pump 17 to the winch 14 is controlled while the control valve 16 is operated in the hoisting direction so as to carry part of the weight of the rampway 3 after construction. A pressure control valve 18 for increasing and decreasing the pressure is provided between the control valve 16 and the winch 14.

The pressure control valve 18 variably controls the supplied hydraulic pressure in a lower pressure range than a relief valve (not shown) that sets the maximum hydraulic pressure supplied to the winch 14, and is, for example, an electromagnetic proportional pilot relief valve. is used, and its control pressure is controlled by a signal from the control circuit 1 shown in FIG.

On the other hand, a pressure sensor 19 is provided as a means for detecting the internal pressure of the support cylinder 9. In this case, the pressure sensor 19 detects the internal pressure on the compression side of the support cylinder 9 after setting the slope of the ramp way 3 by the support cylinder 9. Detect.

Since the weight applied from the rampway 3 to the quay 10 is applied to the support cylinder 9, the ground pressure of the rampway 3 against the quay 10 is detected as the internal pressure of the support cylinder 9. This detection signal P is then sent to the differential amplifier 20 of the control circuit 1.

The differential amplifier 20 receives the detection signal P as well as the target surface pressure signal _S0 , which determines the target surface pressure, from the ground pressure setting device 21. From the dynamic amplifier 20, the comparator 22~
25 and a drive circuit 26.

The comparator 22 outputs a logic level " ₁ " when the amplified signal S is larger than the increased reference signal S1 from the increased surface pressure setter 27, and the comparator 23 outputs a logic level "1" when the amplified signal S is larger than the increased reference signal S1 from the increased surface pressure setter 27. Stop reference signal S ₂ from 28
If it is larger, a logic level "1" is output.

The output of the comparator 22 is passed through the OR circuit 29.
The output of the comparator 23 is input to the AND circuit 30 and the drive circuit 26, and the output of the comparator 23 is input to the OR circuit 29 via the AND circuit 30.

On the other hand, the comparator 24 outputs a logic level "1" when the amplified signal S is smaller than the stop reference signal _S3 from the stop surface pressure setting device 31, and the comparator 25 outputs the amplified signal S
Signal decreases Decrease reference signal S ₄ from surface pressure setting device 32
If it is smaller, a logic level "1" is output.

The output of the comparator 24 is passed through the AND circuit 33.
The output of the comparator 25 is input to the OR circuit 34, and the output of the comparator 25 is
AND circuit 33 and drive circuit 2 via OR circuit 34
6 is input.

Each of the reference signals S ₁ to _{S 4} is set so that S ₁ > S ₂ > S ₃ > S ₄ , and therefore, when the amplified signal S is larger than S ₁ , a logic level “1” is output from the OR circuit 29. When it becomes smaller than S ₂ , the output of the OR circuit 29 becomes logic level "0". Also, the amplified signal S
When S is smaller than S ₄ , logic level “1” is output from the OR circuit 34, and when S is larger than S ₃ , OR circuit 34 outputs logic level “1”.
The output of the circuit 34 becomes logic level "0".

Then, in accordance with the outputs of the OR circuits 29 and 34, the drive circuit 26 sets a lamp according to the target surface pressure signal S ₀ from the ground pressure setting device 21 when the outputs of the OR circuits 29 and 34 are "0". The pressure control valve 18 is operated so that the ground pressure of the way 3 reaches the target value.
Set the control pressure to the reference value.

When the output of the OR circuit 29 is "1", the control pressure of the pressure control valve 18 is increased according to the amplified signal S from the differential amplifier 20, and when the output of the OR circuit 29 becomes "0", the control pressure is also increased. to the reference value (corresponding to the reference surface pressure signal S ₀ ).

Furthermore, when the output of the OR circuit 34 is "1", the control pressure of the pressure control valve 18 is similarly lowered in accordance with the amplified signal S, and when the output of the OR circuit 34 becomes "0", the control pressure is returned to the original standard. Return to value.

That is, the control pressure of the pressure control valve 18 is set according to the internal pressure of the support cylinder 9, and if the internal pressure is within a predetermined range (S ₁ >S>S ₄ ), the winch 14
The ground pressure of the rampway 3 is maintained at the target value by maintaining the hydraulic pressure supplied to the ramp at the reference value. When the internal pressure is higher than a predetermined value (S>S ₁ ), the hydraulic pressure supplied to the winch 14 is increased by the pressure control valve 18, and when it is lower than the predetermined value (S ₄ >S), the supplied hydraulic pressure is lowered. This controls the ground pressure of the rampway 3 so that it does not always deviate from the target value.

The control circuit 1 is activated by turning on a main switch (not shown) after the rampway 3 is constructed.

With this configuration, the rampway 3 is lowered onto the quay 10 by the winch 14, and is erected at an appropriate slope and height by the support cylinder 9, and after this erecting, the control circuit 1 is activated and the control valve 16 is hoisted up. When operated in this direction, part of the weight of the rampway 3 is carried by the winch 14. At this time, the pressure control valve 1 is adjusted so that the internal pressure of the support cylinder 9 becomes a predetermined value.
A control pressure of 8 is set, and the oil pressure supplied from the hydraulic pump 17 to the winch 14 is maintained at a reference value.

Therefore, the rampway 3 is supported by the winch 14 with an appropriate supporting force, and the contact pressure of the rampway 3 with respect to the quay 10 is set to a target value.

From this state, depending on the tide etc., the quay 1
The relative height between 0 and hull 2 changes, for example,
increases, the support cylinder 9 increases accordingly.
The load applied to the winch 14 is weakened and its internal pressure is reduced, but when the internal pressure becomes lower than a predetermined value, the control pressure of the pressure control valve 18 is lowered and the hydraulic pressure supplied to the winch 14 is lowered.

For this reason, the driving force of the winch 14 is weakened,
Regardless of torque loss in the winch 14 or pulleys 13, 15, the ramp way 3 quickly descends, and when the internal pressure of the support cylinder 9 falls within a predetermined value range due to this descent, the pressure control valve 18 lowers the pressure to the winch 14. The hydraulic pressure supplied to the engine is raised to the standard value.

Therefore, the rampway 3 does not float up, and its ground pressure is maintained at the target value.

On the other hand, when the hull 2 becomes lower, the load applied to the support cylinder 9 becomes stronger and its internal pressure increases, but when the internal pressure becomes higher than a predetermined value, the control pressure of the pressure control valve 18 is increased, The oil pressure supplied to the winch 14 is increased.

Therefore, the driving force of the winch 14 is strengthened,
The rampway 3 can be quickly lifted within the range of the quay 10 without being affected by torque loss due to the winch 14 or the like. As a result, when the internal pressure of the support cylinder 9 falls within a predetermined value range, the pressure control valve 18 lowers the oil pressure supplied to the winch 14 to a reference value.

Therefore, the load of the rampway 3 is
The ground pressure is maintained at the target ground pressure instead of being easily lost.

In this way, the ability of the rampway 3 to follow sudden changes in the hull position (height) can be improved, and as a result, the contact pressure of the rampway 3 is always maintained at an appropriate value, and It becomes possible to maintain the rampway 3 in the best construction condition.

Moreover, according to this, even when a large vehicle or the like passes through the rampway 3, the contact surface pressure of the rampway 3 can be maintained at an appropriate value in accordance with changes in the internal pressure of the support cylinder 9.

In addition, in this embodiment, the supporting force of the rampway 3 by the winch 14 varies depending on the gradient etc. at the time of initial erection of the rampway 3, and the rampway 3
In this case, an angle detector is provided to detect the slope of the rampway 3, and the control pressure and surface pressure target value of the pressure control valve 18 are corrected according to this detected value. This allows for more accurate ground pressure control. Furthermore, the ground pressure may be corrected and controlled by detecting the inclination angle of the guide section 7, etc., and more accurate control can be performed.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the ground pressure is controlled by increasing or decreasing the hydraulic pressure supplied to the hydraulic motor of the winch 14. By providing a moving hydraulic cylinder and controlling the increase/decrease of the hydraulic pressure supplied to this cylinder, it is also possible to control the ground pressure in the same manner as in the above embodiment. In this case, a mechanical winch may be used as the winch.

As explained above, according to the present invention, the ground pressure of the rampway is detected from the internal pressure of the support cylinder, and when the internal pressure is greater than a predetermined value according to the detected value, the lifting device such as a winch is actuated. When the internal pressure is lower than a predetermined value, the driving force is lowered to weaken the rampway's supporting force, so the ground pressure of the rampway can be directly sensed. Even if the relative height of the ship's hull to the quay changes, it will not float off the quay due to poor follow-up of the ramp or the ground pressure will become excessive. This has the effect of being able to maintain the rampway's ground pressure at an optimal value at all times.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 are a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention and a block diagram of its control circuit. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Control circuit, 2... Hull, 3... Ramp way, 4... Lamp body, 7... Guide section, 9... Support cylinder, 11... Under step, 14... Winch, 16... Control valve, 17... Hydraulic pump, 18... Pressure control valve, 19... Pressure sensor, 35... Wire.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A guide section connected via a hinge is arranged at the tip of a rampway supported by the ship's hull and constructed on a quay, etc., and a support cylinder that supports this guide section around the hinge and a front end of the guide section. The rampway is equipped with an understep that touches the ground, while the rampway is erected and retracted by a lifting device that carries part of the weight of the rampway after it is erected, reducing the grounding pressure against the quay etc. A means for detecting the internal pressure of the support cylinder generated after the way is erected, and a control means for increasing/decreasing the driving force of the lifting device according to the detected value, and when the internal pressure of the support cylinder is greater than a predetermined value, the lifting/lowering device is started. An automatic ground pressure control device for a rampway, characterized in that the device increases the supporting force of the rampway, and controls the device to weaken the supporting force when the internal pressure is lower than a predetermined value.