JPH034300B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH034300B2 JPH034300B2 JP61505695A JP50569586A JPH034300B2 JP H034300 B2 JPH034300 B2 JP H034300B2 JP 61505695 A JP61505695 A JP 61505695A JP 50569586 A JP50569586 A JP 50569586A JP H034300 B2 JPH034300 B2 JP H034300B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- sleeve
- cooling
- copper sleeve
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
Description
請求の範囲
１ 拡大上部２および成形下部３を有する銅スリ
ーブ１と、該銅スリーブ１と同軸に配置されかつ
該スリーブ１と一緒に冷却用空〓５を形成する鋼
シエル４とを含んで成る鋳型において、該拡大上
部２の両端面が鋼フランジ６，７として作られて
おり、該鋼フランジ６，７は、該拡大上部２と一
緒にバイメタル接合部を形成し、かつ該銅スリー
ブ１の該拡大上部２と同軸に配置された該鋼シエ
ル４と剛性接合されており、それによつて形成さ
れた該冷却用空〓５が該銅スリーブ１の該成形下
部３に設けられたダクト冷却系に連絡しているこ
とを特徴とする鋳型。Claim 1: Comprising a copper sleeve 1 with an enlarged upper part 2 and a shaped lower part 3, and a steel shell 4 arranged coaxially with the copper sleeve 1 and forming a cooling cavity 5 together with the sleeve 1. In the mold, both end faces of the enlarged upper part 2 are made as steel flanges 6, 7, which together with the enlarged upper part 2 form a bimetallic joint and which are connected to the copper sleeve 1. A duct cooling system is provided in the molded lower part 3 of the copper sleeve 1, which is rigidly connected to the steel shell 4, which is arranged coaxially with the enlarged upper part 2, and the cooling cavity 5 thereby formed. A mold characterized by being in contact with.
技術分野
本発明は、治金技術に関し、更に詳しくは鋳型
に関する
背景技術
鋳造物の再溶解用の鋳型として公知のもの
（B.I.Medovarら、“Electroslag Furnaces”、
Naukova、Dumka Publishers、Kiev、1976、
p.91を参照）は、銅または銅合金製スリーブと、
このスリーブと同軸に配置されスリーブと一緒に
冷却のための閉じた空〓を形成する鋼製シエルと
を含んで成る。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to metallurgical technology, and more particularly to molds. Background technology regarding molds: Known molds for remelting castings (BIMedovar et al.
Naukova, Dumka Publishers, Kiev, 1976,
(see p.91) with copper or copper alloy sleeves,
It comprises a steel shell which is arranged coaxially with the sleeve and which together with the sleeve forms a closed cavity for cooling.
このような鋳型の構造では、銅スリーブの剛性
が不十分なため実用的な強度が低く、その結果、
運転中に銅スリーブの壁に負荷される大きな熱的
負荷によつて鋳型が急速に破損する。銅スリーブ
の壁の厚さ方向には約５〜10℃／mmの大きな温度
勾配が生ずる。そのため、壁には大きな熱応力と
それによる歪が発生する。そこで、金属のエレク
トロスラグ再溶解のための鋳型の構造の改良に対
して強い要請がある。 In this type of mold structure, the practical strength is low due to insufficient rigidity of the copper sleeve, and as a result,
The large thermal loads imposed on the walls of the copper sleeve during operation lead to rapid mold failure. A large temperature gradient of about 5-10° C./mm occurs through the thickness of the wall of the copper sleeve. Therefore, large thermal stress and resulting distortion occur in the wall. Therefore, there is a strong demand for improvements in the structure of molds for electroslag remelting of metals.
もう１つの公知の鋳型（B.I.Medovarら、
“Electroslag Furnaces”、Naukova、Dumka
Publishers、Kiev、1976、p.91を参照）は、拡大
した上部および成形する下部を有する銅スリーブ
と、このスリーブと同軸に配置されスリーブと一
緒に冷却のための閉じた空〓を形成する鋼シエル
とを含んで成る。 Another known template (BIMedovar et al.
“Electroslag Furnaces”, Naukova, Dumka
Publishers, Kiev, 1976, p. 91) consists of a copper sleeve with an enlarged upper part and a forming lower part, and a steel sleeve arranged coaxially with this sleeve and forming with it a closed air space for cooling. It consists of Ciel.
この従来の鋳型は、拡大したスリーブ上部の壁
厚が薄いためこの部分の剛性が不十分である。壁
に発生する熱応力によつて銅スリーブが歪み、寿
命が短くなる。更に、この構造の鋳型は溶湯レベ
ルの検知装置を鋳型内に設置することが繁雑であ
る。すなわち、冷却用空〓の中へ水平管を溶接す
るため、溶接部がかなりの熱流の影響を受ける領
域内になるので、冷却用空〓の密封の信頼性がか
なり低下する。そのため、鋳型操作の信頼性が低
下し、冷却液がスラグや金属浴中に侵入して爆発
を起こす原因となる。 This conventional mold has a thin wall thickness in the upper part of the enlarged sleeve, resulting in insufficient rigidity in this area. Thermal stress generated in the wall causes the copper sleeve to warp, reducing its lifespan. Furthermore, in a mold having this structure, it is complicated to install a molten metal level detection device in the mold. That is, the welding of horizontal pipes into the cooling cavity places the weld in an area subject to significant heat flow, thereby significantly reducing the reliability of the sealing of the cooling cavity. This reduces the reliability of mold operation and causes the coolant to enter the slag or metal bath, causing an explosion.
発明の開示
本発明は、銅スリーブを改良して信頼性と構造
的剛性とを高めた鋳型を提供することを目的とす
る。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a mold with improved copper sleeves for increased reliability and structural rigidity.
上記の目的は、拡大された上部（以下、「拡大
上部」）および成形する下部（以下、「成形下部」）
を有する銅スリーブと、銅スリーブと同軸に配置
されかつこのスリーブと一緒に冷却用空〓を形成
する鋼シエルとを含んで成る鋳型において、拡大
上部の両端面が鋼フランジとして作られており、
鋼フランジは、拡大上部と一緒にバイメタル接合
部を形成し、かつ銅スリーブの該拡大上部と同軸
に配置された鋼シエルと剛性接合されており、そ
れによつて形成された冷却用空〓が銅スリーブの
成形下部に設けられたダクト冷却系に連絡してい
ることを特徴とする鋳型によつて達成される。 The purpose of the above is to form an enlarged upper part (hereinafter referred to as "enlarged upper part") and a molded lower part (hereinafter referred to as "formed lower part").
in a mold comprising a copper sleeve having a diameter and a steel shell arranged coaxially with the copper sleeve and forming a cooling cavity together with the sleeve, both end faces of the enlarged upper part being made as steel flanges,
The steel flange forms a bimetallic joint with the enlarged upper part and is rigidly joined to a steel shell arranged coaxially with the enlarged upper part of the copper sleeve, so that the cooling cavity formed thereby is connected to the copper sleeve. This is achieved by means of a mold which is characterized in that it is connected to a ducted cooling system located in the lower part of the molded sleeve.
これによつて鋳型の剛性および信頼性が向上
し、操業時の構造の歪みや変位が低減され、鋳型
の寿命が長くなる。更に、この構造によつて、鋳
型の銅スリーブの拡大上部が薄壁構造であるた
め、入手困難な非鉄金属（銅、クロム青銅）を節
約することができ、従来公知のタイプのスリーブ
の構造のすべてに固有であつたゴム製密封手段を
用いないため、鋳型の寿命が大幅に向上し、鋳型
の操作条件が単純化し、構造的信頼性が向上す
る。 This increases mold rigidity and reliability, reduces structural distortion and displacement during operation, and extends mold life. Furthermore, this construction allows the saving of hard-to-obtain non-ferrous metals (copper, chrome bronze) due to the thin-walled upper part of the enlarged copper sleeve of the mold, which is superior to the construction of previously known types of sleeves. By eliminating the rubber sealing means inherent in all, mold life is significantly increased, mold operating conditions are simplified, and structural reliability is improved.
スリーブの成形下部のダクト冷却系と拡大上部
のジヤケツトタイプの冷却用空〓とを連絡したこ
とによつて、スリーブを高さ方向に沿つて最も合
理的に冷却することができるばかりでなく、溶湯
レベルの制御のための検知装置を鋳型内に容易に
配置することができる。 By connecting the duct cooling system at the bottom of the molded sleeve with the jacket-type cooling air at the enlarged top, it is possible not only to cool the sleeve most rationally along the height direction, but also to Sensing devices for controlling the molten metal level can be easily placed within the mold.
第１図は、本発明にしたがつた鋳型を組立てた
状態を示す鉛直正面図、および
第２図は、本発明にしたがつた第１図の鋳型の
線−における水平断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a vertical front view showing an assembled mold according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line - of the mold of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
上記添付図面を参照して、本発明の特定の実施
態様を以下に説明する。 Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
発明を実施するための最良の形態
第１図の鋳型は、拡大された上部（以下、「拡
大上部」）２および成形する下部（以下、「成形下
部」）３を有する銅スリーブ１と、この拡大上部
２と同軸に配置され上部２と一緒に閉じた冷却用
空〓５を形成する鋼シエル４とを含んで成る。鋼
シエル４は鋼フランジ６および７に溶接されてお
りかつ銅スリーブ１の拡大上部２の上端面および
下端面とバイメタル接合部を形成している。銅ス
リーブ１の拡大上部２に水平ダクト８が作られて
おり、冷却用空〓５を成形下部３に設けられた鉛
直ダクト９と連絡している。これによつて、鋳造
物のための閉じた水冷回路が第２図のように配置
される。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The mold of FIG. It comprises a steel shell 4 which is arranged coaxially with the enlarged upper part 2 and which together with the upper part 2 forms a closed cooling cavity 5. The steel shell 4 is welded to the steel flanges 6 and 7 and forms a bimetallic joint with the upper and lower end faces of the enlarged upper part 2 of the copper sleeve 1. A horizontal duct 8 is made in the enlarged upper part 2 of the copper sleeve 1, communicating the cooling air 5 with a vertical duct 9 provided in the molded lower part 3. This provides a closed water cooling circuit for the casting as shown in FIG.
銅スリーブ１の成形下部３（第１図）におい
て、鉛直ダクト９間に溶湯レベルの検知装置１０
が設けられている。 In the formed lower part 3 of the copper sleeve 1 (FIG. 1), a molten metal level detection device 10 is installed between the vertical ducts 9.
is provided.
鉛直ダクト９に冷却液を供給する流入管１１が
銅スリーブ１の成形下部３に溶接されており、一
方、冷却液を排出する流出管１２が鋼シエル４の
上部に溶接されている。消耗電極１３が鋳型の拡
大上部２に配置され、スラグ浴１４の中で溶融す
る。電極１３が溶融するのに伴つて、成形下部３
では鋳造物が凝固し、鋳造物中に液体金属部分１
５および凝固部分１６が存在する。 An inlet pipe 11 supplying the vertical duct 9 with cooling liquid is welded to the formed lower part 3 of the copper sleeve 1, while an outlet pipe 12 discharging the cooling liquid is welded to the upper part of the steel shell 4. A consumable electrode 13 is placed in the enlarged upper part 2 of the mold and melts in a slag bath 14. As the electrode 13 melts, the molded lower part 3
Then the casting solidifies and a liquid metal part 1 is formed in the casting.
5 and a solidified portion 16 are present.
鋳型は次のように操作される。鋳型を底板（図
示せず）の上に載せる。冷却液が流入管１１を通
して鋳型の成形下部３に供給され、鉛直ダクト９
を進行し、水平ダクト８を通り、鋼シエル４と銅
スリーブ１の拡大上部２とによつて形成された冷
却用空〓５に入る。冷却液は流出管１２を通して
鋳型から排出される。 The mold is operated as follows. Place the mold on a bottom plate (not shown). Cooling liquid is supplied to the forming lower part 3 of the mold through an inlet pipe 11 and is passed through a vertical duct 9
It passes through a horizontal duct 8 and enters the cooling cavity 5 formed by the steel shell 4 and the enlarged upper part 2 of the copper sleeve 1. Cooling fluid exits the mold through outlet tube 12.
鋳型の拡大上部２に位置するスラグ浴１４に消
耗電極１３が導入され、スラグ浴１４に電圧が印
加されて再溶解工程が開始する。再溶解が開始し
た時点で液体金属部分１５が形成され、鉛直ダク
ト９を通して冷却用空〓５に供給される冷却液に
よる成形下部３の強力な冷却と底板からの冷却と
によつて液体金属部分１５が結晶化する。 A consumable electrode 13 is introduced into the slag bath 14 located in the enlarged upper part 2 of the mold, and a voltage is applied to the slag bath 14 to begin the remelting process. A liquid metal part 15 is formed when remelting starts, and the liquid metal part 15 is formed by strong cooling of the molded lower part 3 by the cooling liquid supplied to the cooling air 5 through the vertical duct 9 and by cooling from the bottom plate. 15 crystallizes.
鋳造物の凝固部分１６が増加するのに伴つて、
鋳造物を鋳型から引き抜く。溶湯レベル検知装置
１０を用いて、鋳造物の液体金属部分１５の上部
レベルを、鋳型の成形下部３の中で所定レベルに
維持する。エレクトロスラグ再溶解中に、鋳型の
各部材は液体のスラグおよび金属から0.5〜1.5×
106W／m2にも達する大きな熱的負荷を受ける。
その結果、銅スリーブの壁の厚さ方向に熱応力が
発生して、特に最も危険な領域すなわち銅スリー
ブ１の成形下部３と拡大上部２との接続部では不
可逆的な歪の原因となる。 As the solidified portion 16 of the casting increases,
Pull the casting out of the mold. A molten metal level sensing device 10 is used to maintain the upper level of the liquid metal portion 15 of the casting at a predetermined level within the forming lower part 3 of the mold. During electroslag remelting, each part of the mold is removed from the liquid slag and metal by 0.5 to 1.5
They are subjected to large thermal loads reaching up to 10 6 W/m 2 .
As a result, thermal stresses occur in the thickness direction of the wall of the copper sleeve, causing irreversible distortions, especially in the most critical area, namely the connection between the formed lower part 3 and the enlarged upper part 2 of the copper sleeve 1.
鋼フランジ６および７はスリーブ１の拡大上部
２の両端面とバイメタル接合されており、この領
域の構造的剛性をかなり高めて鋳型全体として必
要な信頼性および剛性を確保する。 Steel flanges 6 and 7 are bimetallicly connected to both end faces of the enlarged upper part 2 of the sleeve 1, increasing the structural rigidity of this area considerably and ensuring the necessary reliability and rigidity of the mold as a whole.
更に、銅スリーブ１の拡大上部２のジヤケツト
タイプの冷却が成形下部３のダクト冷却系と連絡
しているので、銅スリーブ１はより均一に冷却さ
れ、ダクト冷却タイプの鋳型に特有の局部的加熱
が避けられる。その結果、銅スリーブの変形およ
びエロージヨンが極力低減されて信頼性が高ま
る。 Furthermore, since the jacket-type cooling of the enlarged upper part 2 of the copper sleeve 1 is in communication with the duct cooling system of the molded lower part 3, the copper sleeve 1 is cooled more uniformly and avoids the localized cooling typical of duct-cooled molds. Heating is avoided. As a result, deformation and erosion of the copper sleeve are minimized and reliability is increased.
この構造では、シエルとスリーブを密封する最
も重要な部材としてゴム製の密封部材を用いな
い。更に、鋳型の拡大上部に剛性のある鋼フラン
ジを用いたことによつて、スリーブの拡大上部の
壁厚を減少させることができるため、銅の使用量
を低減できると共に壁温度が高い場合に起る鋳型
スリーブのエロージヨンを従来よりも低減するこ
とができる。以上のことによつて、エレクトロス
ラグ再溶解の設備の最重要部の一つである鋳型の
信頼性を大幅に向上させることができる。 This structure does not use a rubber sealing member as the most important member for sealing the shell and sleeve. Furthermore, by using a rigid steel flange at the enlarged top of the mold, the wall thickness of the enlarged top of the sleeve can be reduced, reducing copper usage and reducing the risk of high wall temperatures. Erosion of the mold sleeve can be reduced more than before. As a result of the above, the reliability of the mold, which is one of the most important parts of electroslag remelting equipment, can be greatly improved.
産業上の利用可能性
本発明は、所定の組織を有する金属の高品質の
インゴツトを製造する金属のエレクトロスラグ再
溶解に有用である。現在、エレクトロスラグ技術
は、種々の鋼、非鉄金属、更には高融点金属の中
実および中空のインゴツトおよび成形鋳造物を製
造するためにも用いることができる。Industrial Applicability The present invention is useful for electroslag remelting of metals to produce high quality ingots of metals with predetermined textures. Electroslag technology can now be used to produce solid and hollow ingots and molded castings of various steels, nonferrous metals, and even refractory metals.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SU1986/000082 WO1988001653A1 (en) | 1986-08-25 | 1986-08-25 | Crystallizer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01500408A JPH01500408A (en) | 1989-02-16 |
| JPH034300B2 true JPH034300B2 (en) | 1991-01-22 |
Family
ID=21617027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61505695A Granted JPH01500408A (en) | 1986-08-25 | 1986-08-25 | template |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01500408A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3690772T1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2603371B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2202773B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE462640B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988001653A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2071979C1 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1997-01-20 | Владимир Васильевич Ларионов | Apparatus for electroslag casting of steel and alloys |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1711088A (en) * | 1925-05-19 | 1929-04-30 | Martha K Eldridge | Electric furnace |
| US2798107A (en) * | 1955-08-31 | 1957-07-02 | Mallory Sharon Titanium Corp | Consumable electrode arc furnace construction and operation |
| GB815697A (en) * | 1956-08-09 | 1959-07-01 | Union Carbide Corp | Electrodes for arc melting refractory metals |
| DE1127032B (en) * | 1957-06-11 | 1962-04-05 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Vacuum arc melting system with a magnetic coil housed inside the water jacket of the crucible |
| SE365549B (en) * | 1968-11-22 | 1974-03-25 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | |
| SU358940A1 (en) * | 1970-07-20 | 1980-06-05 | Институт Электросварки Им.Е.О. Патона | Crystallizer |
| US3804150A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1974-04-16 | B Paton | Apparatus for electroslag remelting |
| DE2232695A1 (en) * | 1972-07-04 | 1974-01-24 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | Electric arc vacuum furnace - with symmetric return lead |
| GB1421908A (en) * | 1972-08-25 | 1976-01-21 | Ass Elect Ind | Electroslag moulds |
| DE2724885C2 (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1989-09-21 | Inteco Internationale Technische Beratung GmbH, Bruck an der Mur | Liquid-cooled sliding mold, in particular for electroslag remelting plants |
| US4259539A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1981-03-31 | Korf-Stahl Ag | Melting furnace |
-
1986
- 1986-08-25 GB GB8807530A patent/GB2202773B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-08-25 DE DE19863690772 patent/DE3690772T1/de active Pending
- 1986-08-25 DE DE19863690772 patent/DE3690772C2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-08-25 WO PCT/SU1986/000082 patent/WO1988001653A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-08-25 JP JP61505695A patent/JPH01500408A/en active Granted
- 1986-08-26 FR FR8612084A patent/FR2603371B1/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-04-22 SE SE8801509A patent/SE462640B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2202773A (en) | 1988-10-05 |
| FR2603371B1 (en) | 1988-12-09 |
| GB8807530D0 (en) | 1988-05-25 |
| DE3690772C2 (en) | 1989-07-13 |
| WO1988001653A1 (en) | 1988-03-10 |
| DE3690772T1 (en) | 1988-08-25 |
| SE462640B (en) | 1990-08-06 |
| JPH01500408A (en) | 1989-02-16 |
| SE8801509D0 (en) | 1988-04-22 |
| SE8801509L (en) | 1988-04-22 |
| GB2202773B (en) | 1990-08-15 |
| FR2603371A1 (en) | 1988-03-04 |
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