JPH0341191A - Oil-containing polyacetal resin composition - Google Patents
Oil-containing polyacetal resin compositionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0341191A JPH0341191A JP17634189A JP17634189A JPH0341191A JP H0341191 A JPH0341191 A JP H0341191A JP 17634189 A JP17634189 A JP 17634189A JP 17634189 A JP17634189 A JP 17634189A JP H0341191 A JPH0341191 A JP H0341191A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- resin
- polyacetal resin
- pom
- tetrafluoroethylene resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005177 Duracon® POM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920009382 Polyoxymethylene Homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005704 oxymethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])O[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001907 polarising light microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野]
この発明は摺動部材料用の潤滑性に優れた含油ポリアセ
タール樹脂組成物に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an oil-impregnated polyacetal resin composition with excellent lubricity for use as a material for sliding parts.
ポリアセタール4M脂(以下POMと略記す)ば熱可塑
性樹脂として安価で大量生産が可能な上、機械強度にす
ぐれるため、従来の金属に代わって軸受、歯車など多く
の機構部品に使用されるようになった。しかし、Po1
1の耐摩耗性は比較的おだやかな摺動条件下では充分そ
の用をなすが、高速、高荷重といった過酷な条件下では
溶融焼付による急激な摩擦係数の増大、摩耗の進行が起
こり使用に耐えなくなる。Polyacetal 4M resin (hereinafter abbreviated as POM) is a thermoplastic resin that can be mass-produced at low cost and has excellent mechanical strength, so it is being used in many mechanical parts such as bearings and gears instead of conventional metals. Became. However, Po1
The wear resistance of No. 1 is sufficient under relatively gentle sliding conditions, but under harsh conditions such as high speeds and high loads, the friction coefficient rapidly increases due to melting and seizure, and wear progresses, making it difficult to use. It disappears.
そこで、潤滑油をPOMに添加分散させて、POMの耐
摩耗性を向上させるという方法が、たとえば軸受、ギア
、カム、スライダーなど摺動部品に使われている。これ
らに使われる含油POM 4よ、一般に油の保持体とし
てカーボン、活性炭等が配合されており、混練または成
形加工などの際の潤滑油の分離を防止するとともに潤滑
特性の向上を図っている。しかし、これらの材料におい
ては耐摩耗性は改良されているものの、摩擦係数はすべ
て運転時間の経過にともなって増加する傾向が見られる
。また保持体として硬質の材料を配合した含油POMを
軟質の相手材と摺動させた場合、相手材を損傷する等数
多くの問題があった。Therefore, a method of adding and dispersing lubricating oil to POM to improve the wear resistance of POM is used for sliding parts such as bearings, gears, cams, and sliders. The oil-containing POM 4 used in these products generally contains carbon, activated carbon, etc. as an oil retainer to prevent separation of lubricating oil during kneading or molding, and to improve lubricating properties. However, although the wear resistance of these materials has been improved, the friction coefficients of all these materials tend to increase over time. Furthermore, when an oil-impregnated POM containing a hard material as a holder is allowed to slide against a soft mating material, there are many problems such as damage to the mating material.
そこで、軟質の相手材を傷つけない油の保持体として四
フフ化エチレン樹脂が用いられることがあったが、従来
使用する四フフ化エチレン樹脂がモールド成形用粉末で
あったり、放射線により低分子量化して粉化した、いわ
ゆるルブリカントであり、組成物の潤滑性は良好であっ
たものの、組成物を射出成形する場合に金型に四フッ化
エチレン樹脂が堆積(モールドデポジット)シ、成形品
の表面に付着し外観を損ったり、寸法精度が悪化するな
ど、依然として多くの欠点があった。Therefore, tetrafluoroethylene resin was sometimes used as an oil retainer that would not damage the soft mating material. Although the lubricity of the composition was good, when injection molding the composition, tetrafluoroethylene resin was deposited on the mold (mold deposit) and the surface of the molded product. There were still many drawbacks, such as adhesion to the surface, damaging the appearance, and deteriorating dimensional accuracy.
このように、従来の技術においては、高速、高荷重とい
った過酷な条件の下でも、優れた潤滑性を有し、成形性
にも難点のないPOM 4よ得られていないという問題
点があり、これを解決することが課題となっていた。As described above, the conventional technology has the problem that it has not been possible to obtain POM 4, which has excellent lubricity even under harsh conditions such as high speed and high load, and has no problems in formability. The challenge was to solve this problem.
上記の?IMを解決するために、この発明はPOMに、
成形用粉末を予め300’C以上に熱処理し再び粉砕し
て粉末状とした四フン化エチレン樹脂を全樹脂&!i威
物に対して3〜25重量%、エステル油を2〜10重量
%配合したことを特徴とする含油POM&[l放物とす
る手段を採用したものである。以下その詳細を述べる。above? In order to solve IM, this invention applies to POM,
The molding powder is heat-treated to 300'C or higher and re-pulverized to form a powder, made of polytetrafluoroethylene resin, which is a total resin &! The oil-containing POM is characterized by blending 3 to 25% by weight of POM and 2 to 10% by weight of ester oil. The details will be described below.
まず、この発明に使用するPOMとはポリオキシメチレ
ンホモポリマーまたは主鎖の大部分がオキシメチレン連
鎖よりなるポリアセタールコポリマーであり、広く市販
のPOMの中から選定して用いることが出来る。また、
POMに公知の酸化防止剤、抗酸剤、補強剤、固体潤滑
剤等を添加することも出来る。First, the POM used in this invention is a polyoxymethylene homopolymer or a polyacetal copolymer whose main chain is mostly composed of oxymethylene chains, and can be selected from a wide range of commercially available POMs. Also,
It is also possible to add known antioxidants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, solid lubricants, etc. to POM.
つぎに、この発明に使用する四フッ化エチレン樹脂は、
四フフ化エチレンの重合体であり、底形用の粉末として
市販されているものを300″C以上に熱処理し、固化
したものを砕いて再度粉末状にしたものがよい、なお、
熱処理は、四フフ化エチレン樹脂の成形中または焼結中
に行なわれるものであってもよい、この発明で使用可能
な市販四フフ化エチレン樹脂粉末としては喜多村社製K
T−400等が挙げられる。Next, the tetrafluoroethylene resin used in this invention is
It is a polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, which is commercially available as a powder for bottom shapes, and is preferably heat-treated to 300"C or higher, solidified, and then crushed and re-pulverized.
The heat treatment may be carried out during molding or sintering of the tetrafluoroethylene resin. Commercially available tetrafluoroethylene resin powder that can be used in this invention is K manufactured by Kitamura Co., Ltd.
Examples include T-400.
さらに、この発明に使用するエステル油としては、脂肪
酸のグリセリンエステルである天然油脂、二塩基性酸の
アルコールエステルであるジエステル、ネオペンチルポ
リオールの脂肪酸エステルであるポリオールエステル、
芳香族エステル等広く市販のエステル油の中から選定し
て用いることが出来るが、熱、酸化安定性および潤滑性
にすぐれたポリオールエステル等のヒンダードエステル
が望ましい。Furthermore, the ester oils used in this invention include natural oils and fats that are glycerin esters of fatty acids, diesters that are alcohol esters of dibasic acids, polyol esters that are fatty acid esters of neopentyl polyol,
The ester oil can be selected from a wide variety of commercially available ester oils such as aromatic esters, but hindered esters such as polyol esters, which have excellent thermal and oxidative stability and lubricity, are preferred.
なお、この発明において、全樹脂組成物に対して四フフ
化エチレン樹脂を3〜25重量%配合する理由は、3重
量%未満の少量では油を充分に保持できずに油が分離す
るからであり、25重量%を越える多量では機械的特性
が著しく低下するとともに射出成形性が損われるからで
ある。さらに、エステル油°を2〜1ofi1%配合す
る理由は、2重量%未満では充分な潤滑効果が得られず
、IO重量%を越えると成形加工時の油分離により成形
加工時の安定性が損われるからである。In addition, in this invention, the reason why 3 to 25% by weight of the tetrafluoroethylene resin is blended with respect to the total resin composition is that if the amount is less than 3% by weight, the oil cannot be retained sufficiently and the oil will separate. This is because if the amount exceeds 25% by weight, the mechanical properties will be significantly reduced and injection moldability will be impaired. Furthermore, the reason why ester oil ° is blended at 2 to 1% by weight is that if it is less than 2% by weight, a sufficient lubricating effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds IO weight%, the stability during molding will be impaired due to oil separation during molding. This is because you will be exposed.
以上述べたこの発明の各原材料を混合するには、従来か
らよく知られた方法を利用することができる。たとえば
合成樹脂と前期の配合成分を個別に、ヘンシェルミキサ
ー、ボールミル、タンブラ−ミキサー等の混合機によっ
て混合した後、溶融混合性のよい射出成形機もしくは溶
融押出機に供給するか、または予め熱ローラ、ニーダ、
バンバリーミキサ−1溶融押出機などを使用して溶融混
合してもよい。Conventionally well-known methods can be used to mix the raw materials of the present invention described above. For example, the synthetic resin and the previous compounding components may be mixed individually using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, a ball mill, or a tumbler mixer, and then fed to an injection molding machine or melt extruder with good melt-mixing properties, or they may be pre-mixed using a heated roller. , Needa,
Melt mixing may be performed using a Banbury Mixer 1 melt extruder or the like.
また、この発明の組成物を成形するにあたっては、その
方法を特に限定するものではないが、圧縮成形、押出成
形、射出成形などが実用的である。Further, in molding the composition of the present invention, the method is not particularly limited, but compression molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, etc. are practical.
その他、この発明の組成物を溶融混合した後にジェット
ミル、冷凍粉砕機等を用いて粉砕し、そのまままたは所
望の粒径に分級した粉末を粉末塗料として流動浸漬塗装
、静電粉体塗装等に用いることもできる。In addition, after melt-mixing the composition of this invention, it is pulverized using a jet mill, frozen pulverizer, etc., and the powder is used as a powder coating, either as it is or after being classified into a desired particle size, for fluidized dip coating, electrostatic powder coating, etc. It can also be used.
なお、この発明の組成物には、一般に合成樹脂に広く配
合し得る添加剤を含油ポリアセタール樹脂組成物の特性
を低下させない範囲の量で適宜配合することもできる。The composition of the present invention may also contain additives that are generally widely compatible with synthetic resins in amounts that do not deteriorate the properties of the oil-containing polyacetal resin composition.
この発明の含油ポリアセタール樹脂組成物においては、
ポリアセタール樹脂中に分散された四フフ化エチレン樹
脂が固体潤滑剤として潤滑性を付与すると同時にエステ
ル油の保持体として働き、油の分散を均一にし分離を防
ぐことになる。エステル油は摺動面に供給されて潤滑剤
としての役割を果たし、低摩擦、低摩耗を実現する。し
かも、射出成形時に金型に四フフ化エチレン樹脂が堆積
することなく、成形面の外観を損なうこもなく、さらに
寸法精度も良好に保たれ、従来の含油POMの欠点がす
べて解消されるものと考えられる。In the oil-containing polyacetal resin composition of this invention,
The tetrafluoroethylene resin dispersed in the polyacetal resin provides lubricity as a solid lubricant and at the same time acts as a holder for the ester oil, making the oil uniformly dispersed and preventing separation. Ester oil is supplied to sliding surfaces and acts as a lubricant, achieving low friction and wear. Moreover, the tetrafluoroethylene resin does not accumulate on the mold during injection molding, the appearance of the molded surface is not impaired, and dimensional accuracy is maintained well, eliminating all the drawbacks of conventional oil-impregnated POM. Conceivable.
まず、以下に示す実施例および比較例に使用した原材料
はつぎのとおりである。First, the raw materials used in the Examples and Comparative Examples shown below are as follows.
■POM (ポリプラスチックス社製:ジュラコンM9
0−02 )、
■圧縮成形後に370″C16時間の熱処理した成形体
を粉砕し、平均粒径を20Jrmに調整した四フッ化エ
チレン樹脂籾末、
■放射線照射口フン化エチレン樹脂粉末(ダイキン工業
社製ニルブロンL−2)、
■エステル油(日本油脂社製:ユニスターH)、実施例
:
前記POM■81重量部に対し、熱処理後の四フッエチ
レン樹脂粉末■15重量部およびエステル油■4重量部
を配合し、室温にて万能型混合機を用いて予備混合を行
なった後、二軸混練押出機に投入して190℃で溶融混
練りし、造粒した。このベレットを190℃で射出成形
し、内径14 ws 、外径23Il111、長さ13
閤のリング状試験片を得た。■POM (manufactured by Polyplastics: Duracon M9
0-02), ■Tetrafluoroethylene resin rice powder whose average particle size was adjusted to 20Jrm by crushing the molded body heat-treated at 370"C for 16 hours after compression molding, ■Radiation irradiated fluorinated ethylene resin powder (Daikin Industries, Ltd.) (manufactured by Nilbron L-2), ■Ester oil (Unistar H, manufactured by NOF Corporation), Example: To 81 parts by weight of the above POM ■, 15 parts by weight of tetrafluoroethylene resin powder ■ after heat treatment and 4 parts by weight of ester oil ■ After preliminary mixing using a universal mixer at room temperature, the pellets were put into a twin-screw kneading extruder, melted and kneaded at 190°C, and granulated.The pellets were injected at 190°C. Molded, inner diameter 14ws, outer diameter 23Il111, length 13
A ring-shaped test piece was obtained.
得られたリング状試験片に対してFJ擦摩耗試験を行な
った。ここで、摩擦係数は滑り速度毎分10m1荷重1
0 kg / cdの条件下でスラスト型摩擦試験機を
用いて測定し、運転開始60分後の摩擦係数を求め、ま
た、摩耗係数は滑り速度毎分32m、荷重3.1kg/
cjの条件でスラスト型摩擦試験機を用いて求め、いず
れも相手材にはアルミニウムA 5056を用いた。ま
た、射出成形性として、モールドデポジットの有無を調
べ、無しを○印、有りを×印として二段階評価した。こ
れら得られた結果を表にまとめた。An FJ abrasion test was conducted on the obtained ring-shaped test piece. Here, the coefficient of friction is sliding speed 10 m/min 1 load 1
It was measured using a thrust type friction tester under the condition of 0 kg/cd, and the friction coefficient was determined 60 minutes after the start of operation.The wear coefficient was measured at a sliding speed of 32 m/min and a load of 3.1 kg/
It was determined using a thrust type friction tester under the conditions of cj, and aluminum A 5056 was used as the mating material in both cases. In addition, for injection moldability, the presence or absence of a mold deposit was examined and evaluated in two stages, with no mold deposit marked as ◯ and presence as marked ×. The results obtained are summarized in the table.
比較例:
四フフ化エチレン樹脂粉末を放射線照射四フッ化エチレ
ン樹脂粉末■とした以外は実施例と全く同し操作をして
試験片を作り、その試験片に対して同じように摩擦係数
、摩耗係数を求め、さらに射出成形時のモールドデポジ
ットの有無をも調べ、得られた結果を表に併記した。Comparative example: A test piece was prepared in exactly the same manner as in the example except that the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder was replaced with radiation-irradiated tetrafluoroethylene resin powder ■, and the coefficient of friction, The wear coefficient was determined, and the presence or absence of mold deposits during injection molding was also investigated, and the obtained results are also listed in the table.
表
この表から明らかなように、熱処理後粉砕して得られた
四フッ化エチレン樹脂粉末を用いた実施例においては、
熱処理を行なわない四フフ化エチレン樹脂粉末を用いた
比較例の場合に比較して、)2!擦係数、摩耗係数はい
ずれも小さく、またモールドデポジットも起こらず成形
性もよく、従来の含油ポリアセタール樹脂の欠点を現わ
すこともなくきわめて好ましいものであった。また摺動
時に軟質相手材を損傷させることもなかった。Table As is clear from this table, in the examples using tetrafluoroethylene resin powder obtained by crushing after heat treatment,
Compared to the case of a comparative example using tetrafluoroethylene resin powder without heat treatment, )2! Both the friction coefficient and the abrasion coefficient were small, mold deposits did not occur, the moldability was good, and the resin did not exhibit any of the drawbacks of conventional oil-impregnated polyacetal resins, making it extremely desirable. Furthermore, the soft mating material was not damaged during sliding.
このようにこの発明の含油ポリアセタール樹脂組成物は
射出成形加工時の成形安定性、成形表面肌、HW!摩耗
特性のいずれにも優れ、従来のPOM&l威物では摩耗
が激しく、または摩擦係数が高くて使用できなかった過
酷な条件下において使用される軸受、ギア、スライダー
などの摺動部品にも用いることが出来る。さらにこの発
明の含油ポリアセタール樹脂組成物は本来の色が白色で
あることから、顔料の添加により任意に着色出来るとい
う利点をも有している。したがって、この発明の意義は
きわめて大きい。As described above, the oil-containing polyacetal resin composition of the present invention has excellent molding stability during injection molding, molding surface texture, and HW! It has excellent wear characteristics and can be used for sliding parts such as bearings, gears, and sliders that are used under harsh conditions where conventional POM&L products could not be used due to severe wear or high coefficient of friction. I can do it. Furthermore, since the oil-containing polyacetal resin composition of the present invention is originally white in color, it also has the advantage that it can be colored arbitrarily by adding a pigment. Therefore, the significance of this invention is extremely large.
Claims (1)
℃以上に熱処理し再び粉砕して粉末状とした四フッ化エ
チレン樹脂を全樹脂組成物に対して3〜25重量%、エ
ステル油を2〜10重量%配合したことを特徴とする含
油ポリアセタール樹脂組成物。(1) Add 300 ml of molding powder to polyacetal resin in advance.
An oil-impregnated polyacetal resin characterized by blending 3 to 25% by weight of tetrafluoroethylene resin, which has been heat treated to a temperature above ℃ and repulverized into powder, and 2 to 10% by weight of ester oil, based on the total resin composition. Composition.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP17634189A JPH0341191A (en) | 1989-07-07 | 1989-07-07 | Oil-containing polyacetal resin composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP17634189A JPH0341191A (en) | 1989-07-07 | 1989-07-07 | Oil-containing polyacetal resin composition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0341191A true JPH0341191A (en) | 1991-02-21 |
Family
ID=16011892
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP17634189A Pending JPH0341191A (en) | 1989-07-07 | 1989-07-07 | Oil-containing polyacetal resin composition |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0341191A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6753056B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2004-06-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Decorative films for glass-paned window |
-
1989
- 1989-07-07 JP JP17634189A patent/JPH0341191A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6753056B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2004-06-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Decorative films for glass-paned window |
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