JPH0334989B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention Technical Field The present invention relates to a gravity separator for separating and sorting objects such as grains, nuts, granular products, etc. a diaphragm that is set substantially horizontally with an inclination of 200 m and is vibrated in a fixed direction; and a pressurized air chamber that is set below the diaphragm and supplies pressurized air through the ventilation holes of the diaphragm. The material to be sorted containing particulate matter having different specific gravity is supplied onto the diaphragm, and the material to be sorted having a lower specific gravity is floated by the pressurized air and flows downward according to the inclination of the diaphragm. The object to be sorted is discharged from the first gate set at the lower position of the diaphragm, and the material to be sorted with a large specific gravity is transferred in a predetermined direction on the diaphragm as the diaphragm vibrates, causing vibration. The second set at a predetermined position on the board
This invention relates to a specific gravity separator that is discharged from a gate.

Prior Art and its Problems The above type of gravity separator and its problems will be explained by taking as an example a specific sorting operation, that is, an operation of separating a mixture of good quality beans and bad beans.

When performing separation work, the material to be sorted, i.e.
A mixture of good quality beans and poor quality beans is fed onto the diaphragm at a constant speed from a hopper provided above the diaphragm. Since defective beans have a lower specific gravity than good quality beans, they are floated by pressurized air supplied through the diaphragm, flow downwards along the slope attached to the diaphragm, and pass through the gate located below the diaphragm. is discharged from. On the other hand, high-quality beans have a high specific gravity, so they are not floated by pressurized air and are affected by the vibration of the diaphragm. In general work, the vibration is caused along the inclination direction of the diaphragm, and when the diaphragm moves up the inclination, its speed is increased,
The high-quality beans placed on the diaphragm are displaced upward relative to the diaphragm, so that they are discharged from a gate set above the diaphragm. .

The above relationship between specific gravity and quality is not limited to beans.
The same applies to other granular foods such as grains, and the sorting operation is performed in the same manner as described above.

However, such a gravity separator has the following problems.

That is, at the beginning of the separation work, the amount of material to be sorted that is supplied onto the diaphragm is small, and the separation of good quality beans and bad beans on the diaphragm is not so clear. Therefore, there is a possibility that defective beans may be mixed with good quality beans and discharged from the good quality bean discharge gate, albeit in a small amount. Therefore, at this time of year, a weir-like member is installed on the floor of the gate for discharging high-quality beans. It is preferable that the liquid be discharged through the weir-like member. On the other hand, at the gate for discharging defective beans, if the defective beans are discharged from the beginning of the work, the proportion of good quality beans on the diaphragm will increase, and it is not convenient to separate and discharge the good quality beans. Therefore, there is no need to provide a weir-like member as described above.

On the other hand, after a certain period of time has passed after the separation operation has started, the layer of good quality beans becomes thicker overall, forming a lower layer of the defective beans that are collected towards the gate for discharging defective beans. There is a possibility that it will reach. Therefore, at this point, it is preferable to provide the above-mentioned weir-like member on the defective bean discharge gate so as to discharge only the defective beans forming the upper layer. On the other hand, substantially only high-quality beans gather at the high-quality bean discharge gate, so there is no need for the above-mentioned weir-like member.

However, in conventional gravity separators, there was no device for adjusting the gate in response to such changing conditions of the objects to be sorted.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION In view of the above points, an object of the present invention is to provide a specific gravity separator equipped with a device that adjusts a gate depending on the state of objects to be sorted on a diaphragm.

Structure of the Invention That is, the specific gravity separator according to the present invention has a large number of ventilation holes over the entire surface, is set almost horizontally with a slight inclination, and has a diaphragm that vibrates in a certain direction, and a diaphragm that vibrates in a certain direction. a pressurized air chamber that is set under the plate and supplies pressurized air through the ventilation hole of the diaphragm, and supplies a material to be sorted containing particulate matter with different specific gravity onto the diaphragm; The objects to be sorted with low specific gravity are floated by the pressurized air and flow downward according to the inclination of the diaphragm, and are discharged from the first gate set at the lower position of the diaphragm. Large objects to be sorted are transported in a predetermined direction on the diaphragm as the diaphragm vibrates,
In a specific gravity separator configured to be discharged from a second gate set at a predetermined position on a diaphragm, a material is disposed at at least one of the first and second gates and is discharged from the at least one gate. A weir-like member set in a gate passage through which the material to be sorted passes, and a gate adjustment mechanism that communicates with the pressurized air chamber and adjusts the height of the weir-like member according to the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber. It is characterized by having the following.

Functions and Effects of the Invention As described above, in the initial state of separation and sorting work, the amount of material to be sorted on the diaphragm is small, and the pressurized air supplied from below the diaphragm can be relatively easily covered. The air pressure in the pressurized air chamber is relatively low. In addition, after a certain period of time has passed after the start of separation work, the amount of material to be sorted on the diaphragm increases, and the material with a high specific gravity becomes thicker, so the pressurized air passing through the material increases. It becomes difficult for the air to pass through, and the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber also increases.

The specific gravity separator according to the present invention utilizes changes in the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber that changes depending on the state of the object covered on the diaphragm, and as can be seen from the above configuration, The height of the weir-like member at each gate can be adjusted according to changes in the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber, so that the sorted materials can be properly discharged through the gate. .

Embodiments Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a specific gravity separator 10 according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the same device.

First, the outline of this specific gravity separator 10 will be described as follows. That is, this specific gravity separator, like a general-purpose one, has a base 14 equipped with a blower 12.
and a diaphragm 16 tilted and set on the base.
, a pressurized air chamber 18 made of cloth-like material between the diaphragm and the base, and an object supply device 20 for supplying objects to be sorted onto the diaphragm.

The diaphragm 16 has a substantially trapezoidal planar shape as shown in FIG. 2, and a wall material 22 of a certain height is provided around the diaphragm 22 at the lower left position as seen in FIG. The first discharge gate 24 having a constant width also includes:
A second discharge gate 26 is provided at the upper position. In addition, this diaphragm has
A minute ventilation hole (not shown) is provided. Furthermore, this diaphragm is operated by a vibration device (not shown).
Vibrations are applied in the directions indicated by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2.

During the separation work, the blower 12 is operated to send pressurized air into the pressurized air chamber 20 through a ventilation path (not shown) provided in the base, and the air is vibrated. The air blows upward through the ventilation holes in the board. At the same time, the diaphragm is vibrated and the objects to be sorted are supplied onto the diaphragm from the object supply device 20. In this case, the vibration of the diaphragm is such that when viewed in the drawing, the movement to the right is fast and the movement to the left is slow, so that the object to be sorted placed on the diaphragm is affected by the vibration. The object is moved only in the right direction relative to the diaphragm.

When the specific gravity separator according to the present invention is operated in this manner, items with low specific gravity among the objects to be sorted are floated by the pressurized air, and are hardly floated by the vibration of the diaphragm. The liquid flows downward, that is, to the left in the drawing, and is discharged from the first gate 24. On the other hand, those with high specific gravity are
The wall material 2 is not lifted up by the pressurized air, but is transported upward (to the right) of the slope by the vibration of the diaphragm.
The second inclined part 22' is reached, and the second inclined part 22' is reached along the same inclined part.
It is collected at the gate 26 and discharged from the same gate. In addition, for example, stones, which have a higher specific gravity than the material to be sorted that is to be discharged from the second gate,
It is gathered at the upper right corner of the diaphragm as seen in Figure 2.

The structure and operation of the above-described gravity separator are the same as those conventionally known. The present invention is characterized in that such a separator is provided with the following gate adjustment mechanism.

That is, this gate adjustment mechanism
provided on an extending plate 16' fixed to extend in substantially the same plane as the diaphragm;
An air bag 30 that communicates with a pressurized air chamber and expands and contracts according to the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber; and elongated weir-like members 32 and 33 that are rotatably set on the floor portions of the first and second gates. , a motion transmission mechanism 34 is provided on the extending plate to connect the weir-like member and the airbag, and rotates the weir-like member based on the expansion/contraction/expansion movement of the airbag.

The motion transmission mechanism includes a pivot 3 set horizontally on a bearing 35 (FIG. 2) fixed on the extending plate 16'.
6, a connecting member 38 that connects the top 30' of the air bag and the pivot 36, and connecting members 40, 42, 43 that connect one end of the pivot 36 and the pivot 33' of the second weir-like member 33. , a connecting member 44 connecting the other end of the pivot and the weir-like member 32 of the first gate;
46, 48, and 50. Connecting member 50
is a rotating shaft that rotates around its central axis, and has a worm 52 (FIG. 1) cut at one end, which is provided at one end of the pivot shaft 32' of the weir-like member of the first gate. The worm gear 54 is engaged with the worm gear 54 . An adjusting weight arm 58 is fixed to one end of the pivot 36 adjacent to the connecting member 40, and an adjusting weight 60 is slidably set on the arm, and the arm is fixed with a fixing screw 62. It can be fixed at any position on the air bag, allowing the required pressure to be applied to the air bag.

The gate adjustment mechanism according to the present invention is constructed as described above, and operates as follows.

FIG. 3, FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3B show the state in which the above-mentioned separation and sorting work has just started. That is, in this state, the amount of material to be sorted that is being supplied onto the diaphragm is relatively small, and therefore the layer of material to be sorted that is formed on the diaphragm is thin, and the amount of material to be sorted that is being supplied onto the diaphragm is thin. The supplied pressurized air can pass through the layer of the material to be sorted relatively easily. Therefore, the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber is low and the air bag 30 is hardly expanded. In this state, the gate adjustment mechanism moves the first weir-like member 32 to
It is set in a substantially horizontal position, and light objects to be sorted, such as defective beans in the above example, that are sent to the gate are discharged to the outside through the gate as they are. on the other hand,
The weir-like member 33 of the second gate is almost vertical, and the heavy material to be sorted sent to the gate, in the above example, high-quality beans, cannot pass through it, and is placed in front of the weir-like member. This prevents light objects to be sorted (defective beans) from being mixed with heavy objects (good quality beans) to be discharged from the second gate.

FIG. 4, FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4B show a state in which a predetermined time has elapsed after the separation operation was started. In other words, in this state, the separation work of the objects to be sorted progresses, the proportion of the amount of light objects that have been discharged from the beginning of the separation operation decreases, and only the heavy objects are near the second gate. A relatively thick layer is formed. Therefore, the weir-like member of the second gate is in an almost horizontal state, so that heavy objects to be sorted can be discharged without restriction. On the other hand, the weir-like member 32 of the first gate 24 is in an almost vertical state. This is to prevent the layer of heavy objects to be sorted from becoming thick, forming a layer below the layer of light objects to be sorted, extending to the first gate, and being discharged from the gate.

As mentioned above, in the specific gravity separator according to the present invention, the weir-like member of the gate can be automatically adjusted according to the state of the objects to be sorted on the diaphragm, and therefore the objects to be sorted can be properly discharged. This makes it possible to achieve the above-mentioned intended purpose. In the above-described embodiment, the gate adjustment mechanism was configured to detect and adjust the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber using the air bag 30, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, The gate may be adjusted by electrically detecting the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a specific gravity separator according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the separator, Figure 3 is a diagram showing part of the gate adjustment mechanism immediately after the separation work has started, and Figures 3A and 3B are the same as Figure 3. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the state of the first gate and the second gate at the time, FIG. 4 are diagrams showing the states of the first and second gates at the same time point as FIG. 4, respectively. 16... Vibration plate, 18... Pressurized air chamber, 24...
...First gate, 26...Second gate, 32, 33
... Weir-like member, 34 ... Gate adjustment mechanism.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A diaphragm that has a large number of ventilation holes over its entire surface, is set substantially horizontally with a slight inclination, and is vibrated in a fixed direction; , and a pressurized air chamber that supplies pressurized air through the ventilation holes of the diaphragm, and the material to be sorted containing particulate matter with different specific gravity is supplied onto the diaphragm, and the material to be sorted with a small specific gravity is The objects to be sorted are floated by the pressurized air, flow downward according to the inclination of the diaphragm, and are discharged from the first gate set at the lower position of the diaphragm. In a specific gravity separator, the first and second gates are transported in a predetermined direction on the same diaphragm and discharged from a second gate set at a predetermined position on the diaphragm. A weir-like member is provided in at least one of the gates and is set in a gate passage through which the material to be sorted discharged from the at least one gate passes; A specific gravity separator comprising a gate adjustment mechanism for adjusting the height of the weir-like member accordingly. 2. In the specific gravity separator according to claim 1, the gate adjustment mechanism includes an air bag that expands and contracts according to the air pressure in the pressurized air chamber, and an air bag that transmits the expansion and contraction movement of the air bag to a weir-like member. and a motion transmission mechanism for adjusting the height of the weir-like member. 3. In the specific gravity separator according to claim 1 or 2, the weir-like member is a plate-like member pivotally attached to the floor portion of the gate passage,
The gate adjustment mechanism is a specific gravity separator in which the height of the weir-like member is adjusted by rotating it.