JPH0334905A - Composition for plants - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a composition for plants which selectively act on plant pathogenic germs without killing useful microorganisms in an extremely short period to improve soil contamination and promotes the plant growth by combining a microorganism producing chitinase with colloidal chitin. CONSTITUTION:The subject composition for soil improvement contains a microorganism producing chitinase, preferably Streptomyces sp. WAK-83 line (FERM No. 7714) and colloidal chitin. The colloidal chitin is prepared by dissolving chitin or its derivatives in an acidic solution, dispersing the solution in water to collect and wash the precipitate, and dispersing the precipitate in an appropriate concentration. The amounts of individual components are about 0.01 to about 10%, when the composition is prepared by adding an arbitrary organic or inorganic compounds.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Background of the Invention] Technical Field The present invention relates to a composition for plants containing chitinase-producing bacteria. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plant composition containing a chitinase-producing bacterium and colloidal chitin for the purpose of promoting plant growth and controlling diseases.

This plant composition can also be selected as a soil treatment composition in terms of its usage.

Although the causes of continuous cropping failure in plants depend on the chemical and physical properties of the soil, the main cause is biological entrapment. In particular, infectious diseases caused by fungi are difficult to eradicate, and this has become a serious problem as a result of reduced yields.

Therefore, soil disinfection is being attempted because soil disinfection kills not only pathogenic bacteria but also useful bacteria (bacteria that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria), making the soil temporarily sterile. As a result, the buffering effect between microorganisms disappears. As a result, the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria becomes more active, and in some cases, the disease may even develop. Also, frequent disinfection may reduce the fertility of the soil, making it impossible to grow crops.

Under these circumstances, the use of useful microorganisms for the purpose of disease control is attracting attention.

For example, microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas that decompose fusaric acid, which is the cause of the infection, are used to treat infections caused by Fusarium fungi (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6232269).

In addition, as a method for immobilizing these useful bacteria, an immobilization method using carrageenan has also been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-3
(See Publication No. 5561).

On the other hand, fungi, which are particularly problematic among plant pathogens, have cell walls made of chitin and β-1,3-glucan.
Recently, attention has been focused on this, and research has been conducted to control these fungi using chitinase or β-1,3-glucanase, which are degrading enzymes.

One way to do this is to activate chitinase-producing bacteria in the soil by injecting crab shells, krill, etc., but it takes 4 to 5 years for the effect to appear, so soil improvement takes a long time. It's a must for the period.

[Summary of the invention]

Summary> As a result of extensive research aimed at solving the above problems, the present inventors have found that a composition combining colloidal chitin and chitinase-producing bacteria can be effective in controlling plant diseases in an extremely short period of time. The present invention was completed by confirming that the present invention showed a growth-promoting effect on Japanese oak plants.

Therefore, the plant composition according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a combination of chitinase-producing bacteria and colloidal chitin.

Effects> Since the plant composition of the present invention selectively acts on plant pathogenic bacteria, it can improve soil contamination without killing beneficial bacteria.

It also promotes the growth of the plants themselves, making a great contribution to the cultivation of plants.

[Detailed description of the invention]

Colloidal chitin> Colloidal chitin as used in the present invention refers to colloidal chitin in which chitin or a derivative thereof is dispersed in water.

Colloidal chitin can be prepared by any suitable method, but in general, chitin or its derivatives are dissolved in acidic acid, then dispersed in water, and the resulting precipitate is collected. , washing, and dispersing the resulting precipitate in water to an appropriate concentration (K, Sh
imahara, Y, Takiguchi: Prep
Aration of' Crustacean Ch.
Itin, in “Meth.

ds in Enzymology, Vol. 161”
(eds, Wood, W, A,, S, TKellog
g), Academic Press, New York
k, in pressJeuniaux, Ch.:Ch.
Hinase, in 'Methods in Er
vtynlogy, Vol, 8” (eds, Ne
ufeld, E, l',, V, Gjnsburg) Ac
Academic Press, New York, P. 6
44 (19e[i) and substitute author "Recent biomass chitin, chitosan" p13, complete research on chitin and chitosan,
(See Gihodo Publishing Co., Ltd. (1988)).

Note that the term "chitin derivative" as used herein refers to a compound in which a chitin molecule has been chemically modified by an arbitrary chemical addition or elimination reaction. Specifically, N deacetylation reaction (J,
Appl, Polym, Sci, 28.1909 (1
983)), Complex Formation Reaction (Area of Chemistry, 35,9
29 (1981)), Salt Formation Reaction (Agric, Bi
ol, Chem, 424297 (1978)),
Phosphate esterification reaction (Carbohy-dr, Res
, 21, 219 (1972)), Alcolade reaction (Polym, J., 15, 597 (1983))
, nitration reaction (Ber, 67.1712 (19
34), J, Org, Chcm, 23.1990
(195g)), Schiff base formation reaction (Zh, P+・
i k I, K old 1j1゜53.2143 (198
0)), Carbohydr, Rea,, 107,
199 (1982)) Alkyl or allylation reactions (J
, Macr.

mol, sci, A, 20,877 (1983),
Polym, J., 11.391 (1978)),
Zh, 0bsbcb, Khim, 45.1145 (1
975) ), acylation reaction (Carbohydr, R
es, 83, 389 (1980), Agrjc, B.
iol, Chem, 177 (1977), C
arbohydr, Re565.166 (197
8)), Polymerization reaction ((Polym, Bull, 1.
4511 (1985)) and other chemically modified chitin derivatives.

Chitinase-Producing Bacteria> The chitinase-producing bacterium in the present invention refers to a bacterium that inductively produces chitinase extracellularly using chitin, a derivative thereof, or a colloidal substance thereof (colloidal chitin) as a carbon source.

A specific example is 5erraLia marce.
sccnsQMB 14BB (ATCC990) (C
an, J. Microbiol, 15,889 (1
989)), Vibrio Sp (Enzyme and Industry,
57.13 (1979)), Vibrio angu
llararum E-383a (stratified, 59.253 (
1985)), Aeromonas hydroph
jla 5ubsp.

anaerogenes A52 (J, Gen, A
ppl, Microbiol, 3225 (198[i
)) ,, Streptomyccs grisco
s(Bjochim.

Biophys, Acta, 29, 522 (
1958) ), Strcptomyces sp.
, (Bulletin of Hiroshima Women's University, 2.15 (1987)), St.
reptomyces sp, 2B (Enzy-mol
ogia.

39.353 (1970) and Streptomyc
cs sp, WAK 83 (JP-A-61-37099
No. 61-40790). Preferred are chitinase-producing bacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces.

A particularly preferred chitinase-producing bacterium is a species to which the WAK83 strain of the genus Streptomyces used in the Examples described below belongs.

A representative example of this species of microorganism is Streptomyces strain 5p-WAK-83. This bacterium was isolated from the soil of Hiroshima Prefectural High School in December 1983, in the area where B-gun Ko 111-machi was located, and was submitted to the Microbial Industrial Technology Research Institute of the 22nd Engineering Research Institute in 1987-J131. It has been entrusted to ``FERM1''7714 as ``FERM1''7714, and its mycological properties are as follows.
Please refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 6137099 and 61-40790.

Composition for plants> The composition for plants of the present invention is a combination of the colloidal chitin and chitinase-producing bacteria.

Here, the fact that the composition for propagation according to the present invention is "composed of a combination of colloidal chitin and chitinase-producing bacteria" means that, in addition to the case where this composition consists only of both essential components, This indicates that the presence of a third component is not excluded, and is this both an essential component or the use of this composition? In other words, it is sufficient that they coexist at the time of application to the soil; in other words, it is not necessary that the two coexist before application to the soil;
The composition is prepared by applying both essential components to the soil separately over time, optionally with a third component, to form an "in situ" (i.e.
n 5itu) J may be formed;
This shows that.

Therefore, the composition for plants according to the present invention may contain compost, park compost, cow manure, pig manure, compost, park manure, cow manure, pig manure, one or each of the two essential components, or a mixture of both.
Chicken manure, rice straw, leaves, coffee grounds, clover, green soybeans, green barley, sawdust, cruciferous plants, burdock lingering scent, shellfish shell, crab shell, krill, alpha alpha,
Sorghum, sod, sugars, yeast extract, peptone, phosphates, sulfates, black powder, or mineral soil improvement materials (for example, bentonite 3, zeolite 7 perlite 2, vermiculite R, and polymeric soil improvement materials, etc.) It can be blended with any organic or inorganic substance, such as A preferred example is one prepared by culturing chitinase-producing bacteria in a medium containing colloidal chitin, immobilizing it on the mineral soil improvement material, and then mixing it with any organic or inorganic fertilizer. .

It is sufficient that the chitinase-producing bacteria are present in the composition of the present invention to the extent that they can proliferate, and it goes without saying that the more chitinase-producing bacteria there are, the faster the effect will appear.

Furthermore, even if the amount is small, the composition of the present invention can be prepared and then stored in an apparatus or in an environment where chitinase-producing bacteria can proliferate, thereby creating conditions similar to when a large amount is inoculated.

On the other hand, the amount of colloidal chitin to be blended may be the amount necessary for the growth of the chitinase-producing bacteria, and can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the concentration of the chitinase-producing bacteria, the growth period (duration of effect), etc.

For example, as in the above-specific example, chitinase raw ++7';
When preparing a composition for plants by blending any organic or inorganic substances in addition to bacteria and colloidal chitin, chitinase-producing bacteria are inoculated at a concentration of 0.01 to 10%, and colloidal chitin is inoculated at a concentration of 0.01 to 10%. It can be prepared by blending so that the amount is about 0.01 to 10%.

[Example of practical experience]

Example 1 Commercially available chitin (1 kg) was immersed in 85% phosphoric acid (5 -] O liters), and after stirring I'P, it was soaked at room temperature for 1011. 】j
Leave it for 0 to 241 Ior. 4 to swollen chitin liquid
After adding 5 times the amount of water and stirring thoroughly, leave to stand for 2 to 3 hours to precipitate chitin, and discard the supernatant. This operation is performed at pH
The process was repeated until the value reached 6 to 7, and finally it was adjusted with NaOH so that the value was around I) H7. This was called colloidal chitin.

Yeast extract 600g, polypeptone 600g.

Put 200 liters of a pH 7.0 medium containing 4000 g of glucose, 100 g of caralin, and 700 g of colloidal chitin into a 500 liter jar fermenter, and add Streptomyces 5pWAK83 (FERM P-771).
4) was extracted to a concentration of 3% and cultured. The culture conditions were air 1fk (IV/v), rotation speed (10
0-200 rpm/min), culture time (24 fat intervals), and culture temperature (28°C). This culture lI&
(approximately 200 liters) and Barley 1 (400 liters) to prepare a composite composition.

Example 2 A complex obtained by the method of Example 2 (cultured for 7 nights, 1.5 liters, perlite 3 liters) was mixed with black (10 kg), park compost (10 kg), and crab. (200g) and add it to yo<? M was combined to prepare composite compost. Two tons of IIF fertilizer with this ratio was prepared and left in piles outdoors.

Reference Example-1 The effect of the composite compost produced in Example 2 on crop growth and pesticidal effects was evaluated using garlic mosaic virus (garlic mosaic virus).
The study was conducted using garlic bulbs infected with ic mosaic virus.

Table 1 shows Kito, which was surveyed on the first day of planting (= J Kego 251).

Table 1*: Composite compost with culture waves and perlite removed.

Reference example-2 For the growth of crops using the composite compost produced in Example 2] 2 The effects of this effect were investigated using twenty radish.

After the seeds were sown, observations were made and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 * Composite compost with culture solution and perlite removed.

Reference Example 3 The effect of the composite compost produced in Example 2 on the growth of crops was investigated using peonies and peonies.

The plants were then observed on the 30th day, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3 button Table 4 peonies

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plant composition comprising a combination of chitinase-producing bacteria and colloidal chitin.