JPH0334435B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a laser processing machine that processes a workpiece material by focusing laser light with a lens and irradiating it onto a workpiece material.
In particular, it relates to a laser processing machine that supports a workpiece material and jets fluid to cool the workpiece material and suck gas and dross.

[Conventional technology]

Laser processing machines are well known. Laser processing is characterized by a method in which the material to be processed is processed by melting or evaporation by irradiating light energy and converting it into thermal energy, so that the material to be processed is affected by effects peculiar to thermal processing. Specifically, the first problem is that the dimensional accuracy of processing deteriorates due to thermal deformation, the second problem is that a lot of burnt color appears on the back side of the workpiece material, the third problem is that the workpiece material is burned, and the fourth problem is that the workpiece material The disadvantages of the laser processing method are that dross adheres to the back surface of the material to be processed, and fifthly, gas is generated from the material to be processed.

On the other hand, in conventional laser processing machines, countermeasures against the back side of the workpiece material include a dust suction method using a straight hole or a gas blowing method using a simple pipe.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, the dust suction method using the straight hole mentioned above,
Of course, it is impossible to supply gas from the back side of the workpiece material, but since the amount of gas that can be sucked is small, the suction force is weak, and the processing debris that flies out from the back side of the workpiece material is scattered in all directions. This method is unable to prevent this from occurring and tends to adhere to the sides of the straight hole. Therefore, this method only collected the gas and processing residue floating in the atmosphere.

In addition, the gas blowing method using a simple pipe has no dust collection ability at all, and only disperses processing debris and gas generated on the back side of the workpiece material into the atmosphere, which not only worsens the working environment but also damages the mechanical equipment. It often adheres to sliding parts and rotating parts, shortening their lifespans, and obstructs the progress of the auxiliary gas ejected from the processing nozzle, weakening the function of the auxiliary gas. As a result, this method has the problem that it is only slightly effective in preventing burnt color and combustion on the back side of the workpiece material. There is also a method of spraying an inert gas to prevent oxidation from the top or bottom of the workpiece, but these methods spray the gas far away from the laser irradiation position, so they are suitable for machining with the highest heat rise. This is an ineffective method because it cannot cool the parts and it is not possible to deal with different materials.

This invention was made to solve the above problems, and it improves the cooling effect and dust collection ability depending on the type of material to be processed and the content of processing, and also removes processing heat and prevents processing debris from adhering. The purpose is to provide laser processing machines.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The laser processing machine according to the present invention is assembled into the guide hole of the table, with the upper end of the frustum-shaped outer periphery facing the lower surface of the workpiece material, and having a through hole for suction at the position where the laser beam advances. an upper part forming an inclined injection port for directing pressurized fluid to the lower surface of the workpiece material between a lower base to be formed and an inner diameter disposed opposite to the inclined surface of the outer periphery of the lower base with a space therebetween; a base; an injection suction mouthpiece comprising the lower base and the upper base that can move up and down in the guide hole; and the jetting and suction mouthpiece is moved up and down with respect to the immovable base to touch the lower surface of the workpiece. A drive device that changes the distance of the inclined injection port; a fluid passage that supplies pressure fluid to the inclined injection port; and a suction device that has a passage that sucks liquid and metal debris present in the through hole. It is.

[Effect]

In this invention, the pressurized fluid supplied from the fluid passage is injected obliquely from the inclined injection port to hit the back surface of the workpiece material, cools the workpiece material, and at the same time exits downward from the through hole of the lower base body, and is further applied to the workpiece material. By adjusting the distance between the back side of the processed material and the processed material receptacle, the position where the pressure fluid hits the back side of the processed material is changed, and by adjusting the flow rate of the pressure fluid to an appropriate value, it is possible to suction processing debris and gas generated from processing. It cools the workpiece material to remove it efficiently and prevents thermal deformation.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are a side view showing a cross-sectional view of a main part showing an embodiment of the present invention, and a plan view of a workpiece material holder device.

In this figure, a laser beam 11 is sent from a laser oscillator (not shown). 12 is a lens, 13
is a head case in which the lens 12 is incorporated. 14 is an auxiliary gas inlet, and 15 is a nozzle, which mainly constitute the laser head 10. W is the material to be processed. Reference numeral 20 denotes a workpiece material holder device, which is roughly composed of a pedestal 30 and an injection suction nozzle 40. Further, 50 is a suction duct.

The stand 30 is placed on the suction duct 50, has a guide hole 31 formed in the center, and has a plurality of swivel bearings 32 along the circumference that slightly protrude from the top surface, and is placed on top of the holder 30. The workpiece material W is supported so as to be fixed in the vertical direction and to be easily movable in any horizontal direction. The table 30 is provided with a fluid passage 33 for supplying pressure fluid.

The injection suction mouthpiece 40 is mainly composed of a lower base body 41 and an upper base body 45.

The lower base 41 has a truncated conical shape, and the suction duct 5
0, its outer periphery forms an inclined surface 42, and a through hole 43 is formed in the center. Through hole 43
is configured to form a truncated cone-shaped space that gradually expands as it goes downwards. 44 is a stepped portion.

The upper base body 45 has an annular shape and is fixed integrally with the lower base body 41, and its inner surface forms an annular inclined surface 46 that faces the inclined surface 42 of the lower base body 41 at a distance, and has both inclined surfaces. 42 and 46 form an inclined injection port 47. An enlarged portion 48 is formed in an annular shape below the inclined injection port 47 , and a fluid passage 49 is formed in this enlarged portion 48 to match the fluid passage 33 of the table 30 . Further, l is the distance between the workpiece material W and the injection suction nozzle 40.

The suction duct 50 is provided below the table 30 and is suctioned by a suction machine (not shown).

Reference numeral 60 denotes a driving device for an injection suction nozzle of a processing material receptacle of a laser processing machine, which represents a main part of the present invention.
Reference numeral 61 denotes a long hole formed on the side of the table 30, into which a rotating shaft 62 is inserted. Reference numeral 63 is a rotation knob of the rotation shaft 62, which is equipped with a scale and has an indicator 6.
4 indicates the rotation angle. 65 is a pinion formed on the rotating shaft 62, 66 is a bearing that supports the rotating shaft 62, 67 is a ring that fixes the bearing 66, and 68 is a rack that is formed on the upper base 45 and meshes with the pinion 65. be.

Next, the operation will be explained.

During processing, a laser beam 11 is guided to the laser head 10 and irradiated onto the workpiece W from the nozzle 15 to perform processing. At this time, auxiliary gas is introduced from the auxiliary gas inlet 14 and sprayed onto the material W to be processed.
On the other hand, the workpiece W on the table 30 is positioned by a positioning mechanism (not shown). And 30 units
Pressure fluid is supplied from the fluid passage 33 of the wafer, and this pressure fluid passes through the fluid passage 49 and is stored in the enlarged portion 48, from which it is ejected from the upper part through the inclined injection port 47 and sprayed onto the workpiece W from below. . As a result, dross, auxiliary gas, generated gas, etc. generated by processing the workpiece material W are discharged downward from the through hole 43 by the pressure fluid.

In this way, the back surface of the workpiece material W at the processing position is covered with the injected fluid, which has an effect of preventing combustion, and also produces a cooling effect as heat is carried away by the flow of the fluid.

Furthermore, when the pressure of the pressure fluid is increased, the velocity of the fluid flowing along the back surface of the workpiece material W increases,
There is also the effect of removing dross adhering to the back surface of the processed part of the workpiece W. This effect becomes more effective as the processed material or laminated material undergoes surface treatment.

As described above, when the pressurized fluid injected from the bottom is applied to the back surface of the processed part of the workpiece W, the flow direction of the pressure fluid on the back surface of the processed part, the laser beam 11 and the Since the gas traveling direction is perpendicular to the gas direction and suction is performed by a suction device (not shown) from below the center of the processing section, dross, processing residue, etc. are almost completely removed.

However, if the material or plate thickness of the workpiece W is different, the output of the laser beam is changed, or the processing speed is changed, the combustion state of the workpiece W changes, resulting in the adhesion of dross, the generation of gas, and the The thermal deformation of processed materials changes significantly.

To do this, turn the rotation knob 63 of the jet suction cap drive device 60 to move the suction cap 40 up and down.
It is necessary to set the distance between the back surface of the workpiece material W and the inclined injection port 47 to an optimum distance, and to use the injection fluid effectively without escaping to the outside.

Therefore, a structure is adopted in which the outer periphery of the fluid injection suction port 47 is surrounded by a hole in the immovable base 30 to prevent the fluid from escaping.

In addition, since the position at which the pressure fluid hits the back surface of the workpiece material W can be changed, the position at which the pressure fluid jetted from the inclined injection port 47 hits the workpiece material W can be changed to a location close to the position where the workpiece material W is being processed by the laser beam 11. Whether the purpose of the injection onto the workpiece material W is to remove dross, depending on whether it is located at a remote location or not.
Alternatively, the selection can be made depending on whether the deformation of the material W to be processed is to be prevented.

Furthermore, since the angle of the machining debris flying out to the back surface of the workpiece material W during processing with the laser beam 11 changes depending on the material of the workpiece material W, the through hole 43 should be aligned at a position that matches the flying-out angle of the machining debris. The suction of machining scraps is improved, and it is possible to prevent machining scraps from adhering to the side surfaces of the injection suction nozzle 40 and the suction duct 50.

In addition, in the above embodiment, the lower base body 41 and the upper base body 45 may be integrated from the beginning, but
After they are created separately, they may be integrated by appropriate means. The lower base 41 may have a truncated conical shape. Further, although the inclined injection port 47 is formed in a planar shape, it can also be formed of a large number of tubular bodies. In addition, the driving device 60 of the injection suction nozzle uses a pinion 65 and a rack 68, but in addition to this, a ring-shaped spacer may be inserted into the stepped portion 44 to a desired thickness, or the injection suction nozzle 40 may be connected to the suction duct 5.
0, and may be moved up and down by rotating the injection suction cap 40. However, in this case, the fluid passage 49 is formed long enough to coincide with the fluid passage 33 even when rotated.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the present invention includes a base that supports a workpiece material at a processing position and has a guide hole formed at a position through which the laser beam passes; It consists of an upper base that is disposed opposite to an inclined surface on the outer periphery of the lower base at a distance and forms an inclined injection port between the lower substrate and the inclined surface, and also has a fluid passage for supplying pressurized fluid to the inclined injection port. The jet suction cap is formed and installed in the guide hole of the base; and the drive device for the jet suction cap that moves the jet suction cap upward and downward is attached to the base 30, so that the following effects are achieved. can get.

The processed portion of the heated workpiece material is sufficiently cooled by the flow of pressure fluid.

Since a cooled pressure fluid can be used, the cooling effect can be increased.

The above prevents processing deformation of the material to be processed.

By using an inert gas as the pressure fluid, it is possible to prevent burning of the lower surface of the machined surface, and even workpiece materials that are easily combustible can be machined.

By increasing the pressure of the pressurized fluid and raising the fluid, it is possible to reduce the adhesion of dross to the workpiece material.

The optimum flow rate can be obtained depending on the material and thickness of the workpiece material.

Depending on whether the purpose of spraying onto the workpiece material is to remove dross or to prevent deformation of the workpiece material, the position at which the pressure fluid hits the back surface of the workpiece material can be selected by the drive device of the jet suction nozzle.

Since the fluid can be jetted to a position very close to the laser beam irradiation position, blowing away dross and cooling the processed area can be concentrated and effective.

Since the through hole can be aligned at a position that matches the flying angle of machining debris that flies out during processing of the workpiece material, it is possible to prevent machining debris from adhering to the side of the injection suction nozzle or suction gutter.

The environment can be protected from dust such as gas and processing residue.

As described above, according to the present invention, the handling of the laser processing machine becomes easier, and it becomes possible to process workpiece materials with special characteristics that could not be processed conventionally, which has the advantage of further expanding the scope of its use. be.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the workpiece material receiving device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In the figure, 10 is a laser head, 11 is a laser beam,
12 is a lens, 13 is a head case, 14 is an auxiliary gas inlet, 15 is a nozzle, 20 is a workpiece receiving device, 30 is a stand, 31 is a guide hole, 32 is a swivel bearing, 33 and 49 are fluid passages, 40 41 is a lower base, 42 and 46 are inclined surfaces, 43 is a through hole, 44 is a stepped portion, 45 is an upper base, 47 is an inclined injection port, 48 is an enlarged portion, 50 is a suction duct, and 60 is a Driving device for injection suction cap, 61
is a long hole, 62 is a rotating shaft, 63 is a rotating knob, 64
is the indicator, 65 is the pinion, 66 is the bearing,
67 is a ring, 68 is a rack, and W is a workpiece material.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A laser irradiation means for irradiating a laser beam onto a workpiece material, and a table arranged below the workpiece material and having a guide hole having a center in the same direction as the traveling direction of the laser light. In the laser processing machine, a lower base is assembled into the guide hole of the table, and has a frustum-shaped outer peripheral upper end facing the lower surface of the workpiece material, and has a suction through hole formed at a position where the laser beam advances. an upper base forming an inclined injection port that directs pressurized fluid to the lower surface of the workpiece material between the base and an inner diameter disposed opposite to the inclined surface of the outer periphery of the lower base; an injection suction mouthpiece consisting of the lower base and the upper base that can be moved up and down in the guide hole; and the injection suction mouthpiece is moved up and down with respect to the immovable base so that the lower surface of the workpiece material and the inclined jet nozzle can be moved up and down with respect to the immovable base. The invention is characterized by comprising: a drive device that changes the distance between the two, a fluid passage that supplies pressurized fluid to the inclined injection port, and a suction device that has a passage that sucks liquid and metal debris present in the through hole. Laser processing machine. 2. The laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the drive device is composed of a pinion provided on the base side and a rack provided on the injection suction mouth side. 3. The laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the drive device is a screw provided between the base and the injection suction cap.