JPH03297327A - Artificial culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To culture mushrooms in higher quality and in high yield in artificial culture of fungus bed by a bottle including processes of a mycelium culture process and a fruit body forming process, by covering the surface of fungus bed with soil during the fruit body forming process. CONSTITUTION:In artificial culture of fungus bed [e.g. a mixture of a carbon source such as sawdust and a nitrogen source such as rice bran (in the weight ratio of preferably 1:1) is mixed with water (preferably 60-65% water content) and packed into a bottle under pressure] by a bottle of mushroom (e.g. Flammulina velutipes) including processes of mycelium culture process and fruit body forming process, the surface of fungus bed is covered with soil (e.g. leaf mold; preferably <=5cm thickness) during the fruit body forming process to culture mushrooms in high yield.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms that improves the process of fruiting body formation.

[Conventional technology]

Traditionally, most mushroom cultivation has been done by hydroponic cultivation using logs such as Quercus oak, sawtooth oak, and beech, and as a result, the harvest is often affected by weather conditions. It is becoming difficult to obtain raw wood due to factors such as a shortage of labor for logging. Furthermore, in naked hydroponics, the cultivation period is long, that is, it takes one and a half to two years from inoculation of the inoculum to harvesting of the mushrooms, resulting in considerably high production costs.

However, in recent years, enokitake, oyster mushroom, bunashimeji,
For Nameko, an artificial bed cultivation method has been established in which cultivation is carried out in bottles or boxes using a culture medium containing sawdust and rice bran.
Mushrooms can now be harvested consistently throughout the year, regardless of the four seasons. In other words, mushroom cultivation, which used to be a side job for farmers and relied on small-scale production, is now shifting to artificial cultivation methods that allow companies to grow large quantities on an industrial scale and where raw materials are easily available. be.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, even with the artificial bed cultivation method, the yield is still low and the cultivation period is quite long to continuously cultivate mushrooms in large quantities, so the production cost cannot be said to be low. Improvement is desperately needed. Furthermore, depending on the type of mushroom targeted, many are difficult to cultivate.

In view of the above-mentioned current situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating high-quality mushrooms with a high yield.

[Means to solve the problem]

To summarize the present invention, the present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, and the present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating a mushroom bed using a mushroom bottle, which includes a mycelium culturing step and a fruiting body forming step. The process is characterized by covering the fungal bed surface with soil.

In order to improve the shortcomings of conventional methods of artificially cultivating mushrooms, the present inventors conducted various cultivation experiments using a culture medium mainly composed of sawdust, etc., and as a result of intensive studies, the formation of fruiting bodies. The present invention was completed by discovering that conventionally cultivated mushrooms can be cultivated with higher quality and yield by applying soil to the fungal bed surface during the process. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it has become possible to cultivate mushrooms that have conventionally been considered difficult to cultivate.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

The artificial culture medium for mushrooms used in the present invention is usually prepared by adding an appropriate amount of water to a mixture of a carbon source such as sawdust, bran, or rice husks and a nitrogen source such as rice bran or soybean meal, and then compressing the mixture into a bottle. However, it is preferable to change the medium for each mushroom to be cultivated. For example, for Bunashimeji mushrooms, it is desirable to prepare a mixture of sawdust and rice bran at a weight ratio of 1:1, add water to adjust the moisture content to 60-65%, and then press the mixture into a wide-mouthed bottle.

Further, as the sawdust, hardwood sawdust or softwood sawdust may be used alone, or a mixture thereof may be used. Also, leaf mold can be used instead of sawdust.

Next is the covering with soil.First, the covering material may be natural materials such as humus, mountain soil, sand, Kanuma soil, etc., as well as vermiculite, porous glass, super absorbent resin, etc. These may be used alone or in combination.

Covering with soil can be effective any time from immediately after the mycelial culture process is finished and transferred to the fruiting body formation process until the fruiting body primordium is formed, but it is best to cover the soil immediately after the mycelial culturing process is finished. Best. Also, whether or not you remove the fungi will not affect the effectiveness of covering the soil.

The thickness of the soil cover does not affect the yield of fruiting bodies, but it does affect the number of days until fruiting occurs. For this reason, it is desirable to keep the distance to 5 cm or less.

The mushrooms used in the present invention include enokitake, oyster mushroom,
In addition to mushrooms that can be cultivated artificially, such as Bunashimeji and Nameko mushrooms, there are also mushrooms that have been thought to be difficult to cultivate artificially, such as Hatakeshimeji mushrooms.

〔Example〕

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the following examples.

Example 1 50 g of humus [manufactured by Kotohira], coniferous sawdust (cedar wood)
50 g of rice bran, 100 g of rice bran, and 350 g of water were mixed well and packed into a plastic 850-wide mouth bottle.

A hole with a diameter of about ICm is made in the center of each, and after capping, 1
Autoclave sterilization was performed at 20°C for 60 minutes. After cooling, 5 strains of Hatakeshimeji (K-2979, 298
0,3230,3280,3281) and two Hatakeshimeji strains (JF0301) obtained from the Fermentation Research Institute.
61.30260) was inoculated with sawdust seed fungus, and kept in a dark place at a temperature of 2.
The cells were cultured under conditions of 5° C. and 55% humidity until the hyphae appeared to circulate around the culture medium (bacterial spinning step), and the culture was continued for an additional 30 days to ripen (ripening step). The steps up to this step constitute the mycelial culture step of the present invention.

Next, the stopper was removed and the mycelial layer was removed by leaving a trace of about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium, and then about 20 ml of tap water was added to allow sufficient water absorption. The water remaining at the top was removed, and the top of the bottle was covered with leaf mold [(5) manufactured by Kotohira] to cover the bacterial bed surface. In addition, as a control, a test plot in which no soil was applied was also set up for each strain. After absorbing water and covering with soil, the bottle is cultured for 15 to 30 days under conditions of a temperature of 15°C, humidity of 95%, and illuminance of 20 lux to form fruiting body primordia. Starting from the primordium, the illuminance is gradually increased to 500 lux. The culture was continued for another 15 to 30 days, and the covering soil increased the yield of fruiting bodies.
We examined the effects beyond the shape, etc. The process after the mycelium culturing process is the fruiting body forming process of the present invention, and the number of days required for the mycelial culturing process and the fruiting body forming process is the total number of cultivation days.

Table 1 In Table 1, "unacceptable" refers to cases in which fruiting bodies are not formed even after a total of 180 cultivation days.

In addition, the shapes in Table 1 are as follows: ◎ indicates that the shape of the fruiting body is excellent, ○ indicates that the shape of the fruiting body is good, and × indicates that the shape of the fruiting body is poor.

As is clear from Table 1, by covering with soil during the fruiting body formation process, Hatakeshimeji mushrooms were obtained with high yield and high quality.

Example 2 Mulch (manufactured by Kotohira) 50g, coniferous sawdust (cedar wood) 5
350 g of water was added to 100 g of rice bran, mixed well, and the mixture was compressed into a plastic 850 mm wide-mouthed bottle. Make a hole with a diameter of about 1 cm in the center of each, and after capping, 12
It was sterilized at 0°C for 60 minutes. After cooling, 3 strains of Hatakeshimeji collected and cultured from the wild (ni-2980, 3230, 328
0) Inoculate liquid seed culture in a dark place, temperature 25℃, humidity 55%
The cells were cultured under the following conditions until the appearance of filaments in the culture medium (bacterium spinning step), and then cultured for an additional 30 days to ripen (ripening step). Next, the stopper was removed, and approximately 20 μm of tap water was added to the container to allow sufficient water absorption without scraping the bacteria. The water remaining at the top was removed, and the top of the bottle was covered with vermiculite to cover the bacterial bed. As a control, for each strain,
A test plot without soil covering was also set up. After absorbing water and covering with soil, the bottle is cultured for 15 to 30 days under conditions of a temperature of 15°C, humidity of 95%, and illuminance of 20 lux to form fruiting body primordia.
Starting from the primordia, the illumination intensity was increased to 500 lux and cultivation was continued for an additional 15 to 30 days, and the effect of covering with soil on the yield and shape of fruit bodies was examined. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 As is clear from Table 2, Hatakeshimeji mushrooms with high yield and quality were obtained by covering with soil during the fruiting body formation process.

Example 3 50g of hardwood sawdust (beech wood), 50g of softwood sawdust (cedar wood)
350 g of water was added to 100 g of rice bran, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed and compressed into a plastic 850D wide-mouth bottle. A hole with a diameter of about 1 cm is made in the center of each, and after capping, 120
Sterilized at ℃ for 60 minutes. After cooling, 2 Bunashimeji plants [1-
2. M-8171 (FIERM BP-1415)] sawdust seed fungi were inoculated in the usual manner, and kept in the dark at a temperature of 25°C.
, the culture was continued under conditions of 55% humidity until the hyphae appeared to circulate around the culture medium (bacterium spinning step), and the culture was continued for an additional 30 days to ripen (ripening step). Next, remove the stopper and scrape about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium to remove the mycelial layer.
Tap Water 20- was added to sufficiently absorb water. The water remaining at the top was removed, and the top of the bottle was covered with leaf mold (manufactured by Kotohira) to cover the fungal bed surface. In addition, as a control, a test plot in which no soil was applied was also set up for each strain.

After absorbing water and de-soil, the bottle is cultured for 10 to 12 days under the conditions of temperature 15°C, humidity 95%, and illuminance 20 lux to form fruiting body primordia.
00 lux and continued culturing for another 9 to IO days.
The effects of soil covering on fruit body yield and shape were investigated. The results are shown in Table 3.

As is clear from Table 3, by covering with soil during the fruiting body formation process, a high yield of Bunashimeji was obtained, and the total number of cultivation days was shortened.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained in detail above, according to the cultivation method according to the present invention, it has become possible to obtain mushrooms with high yield and high quality.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for artificially cultivating mushroom beds using mushroom bottles, which includes the steps of mycelial cultivation and fruiting body formation, which method comprises covering the fungal bed surface with soil in the fruiting body forming step. .