JPH03294764A - Co-generation device for cold water production and subway air cooling device used the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce cold water efficiently using waste heat and prevent environmental pollution by operating adsorption type freezer with the use of the hot water coming from a waste heat recovery hot water system via the waste heat recoverer of a internal combustion engine and the condenser of a compression type freezer, as a regenerative heat source. CONSTITUTION:The waste heat generated by the operation of an internal combustion engine 1 is recovered in the hot water in a waste heat recovery hot water system H by way of the path in a waste heat recoverer 6 consisting of a jacket heat exchanger 3 and an exhaust gas heating exchanger 5. Also by the operation of a compression type freezer C, the heat generated in a condenser 8 is collected by the hot water in the waste heat recovery hot water system H by way of the path in the heat exchanger part 15 in the condenser 8 and is supplied to an adsorption type freezer A. If the heat generated in the condenser 8 cannot be removed only by the water in the heat exchanger 15, the heat supplied to a cooling tower 17a. The hot water in the waste heat recovery hot water system H flows to the adsorption type freezer A and in a regeneration pot to regenerate the adsorbent. The cool water in a cool water path Wb flows to a heat exchanger 34 in a cool water system W together with the cool water produced in the evaporator 10 in the compression type freezer C, and is utilized for air conditioning.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a cogeneration system for generating cold water and a subway cooling system using the same.

(Conventional technology) Conventionally, cooling in subway station buildings and tunnels has been done by installing cold water generators that use motor-driven compression refrigerators, or by receiving cold water from nearby heat supply plants. The installed capacity corresponds to the maximum load from the beginning of the plum season to the summer season.

Furthermore, recently, as an example of a so-called cogeneration device, a device that generates cold water by using waste heat from an internal combustion engine for driving a generator as a heat source for regeneration of an absorption refrigerator is being used.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) As mentioned above, in conventional subway cooling systems, the equipment capacity is simply set to correspond to the maximum load from the beginning of the plum season to the summer period, and therefore the equipment capacity is The number of operating days per year is small, and the equipment is not used effectively. Furthermore, efficiency is almost ignored, the system is not designed to utilize heat effectively, and it cannot cope with long-term increases in cooling load.

It is conceivable to use the above-mentioned cogeneration system to generate cold water for such subway cooling systems, but the absorption refrigeration cycle requires a relatively high temperature of 80°C or higher in the regenerator. In general, it is not possible to maintain a high coefficient of performance unless a stable and continuous temperature of around 85°C is obtained, and if the temperature drops below 70°C, absorbent crystals may precipitate or the efficiency may become extremely low. It is not possible to fully demonstrate the function of generating cold water, and it is not possible to effectively utilize the surplus heat generated when the cold water load is small.

The present invention aims to solve the above conventional problems by rationally combining a cogeneration device, a compression refrigerator, and an adsorption refrigerator.

(Means for solving the problem) To explain the means for solving the above problem, first,
The cogeneration device for cold water generation of the present invention includes a generator driven by an internal combustion engine, a compression refrigerator, and an adsorption refrigerator as components, and includes a waste heat recovery section of the internal combustion engine and the compression refrigerator. The adsorption refrigerator is configured to operate using hot water from a waste heat recovery hot water system that passes through the condenser of the refrigerator as a heat source for regeneration.

In the above configuration, the compressor has a configuration in which its drive shaft is driven by an internal combustion engine for driving a generator, and the drive shaft and the internal combustion engine can be configured to be intermittent with each other. Further, a configuration may be provided in which a plurality of adsorption refrigerators are provided.

Further, in the present invention, in the above configuration, the adsorption refrigerator is installed in a space under the platform of a subway station building or in a dead space of a subway tunnel to configure a subway cooling system.

(Function) During the cooling period, the internal combustion engine drives the generator to generate electricity to meet the required electricity demand, and at the same time, the compressor is driven to operate the compression refrigerator, which cools the evaporator. Cold water is generated and used for air conditioning. The waste heat generated in the internal combustion engine and the waste heat generated in the condenser of the compression refrigerator due to the above operation are recovered as hot water by the waste heat recovery hot water system that passes through the condenser and the waste heat recovery section of the internal combustion engine. Then, this hot water is led to the regenerator of the adsorption refrigerator to regenerate the adsorbent.

The adsorbent thus regenerated is then used to adsorb refrigerant vapor and used to generate cold water in the evaporator of an adsorption refrigerator. The cold water generated in the evaporator can be used for cooling together with the cold water generated in the evaporator of the compression type refrigerator, and thus the waste heat generated in the internal combustion engine and the condenser of the compression type refrigerator can be The waste heat generated can be used to generate cold water.

If the chilled water load is small and the necessary amount of chilled water can be supplied only by the compression chiller, the adsorption chiller does not operate to generate chilled water;
The above-mentioned adsorbent is regenerated using the waste heat generated exclusively from the internal combustion engine and the waste heat generated from the condenser of the compression refrigerator, and after regeneration, it is kept on standby until the next operation. When the chilled water load increases and the necessary amount of chilled water cannot be obtained using only the compression chiller, the refrigerant vapor is adsorbed by the previously regenerated adsorbent as described above, and the evaporator is By generating chilled water using the same system, the overall chilled water generation capacity can be increased, and an increase in the chilled water load can be coped with. The cold water generation capacity of the adsorption chiller can be selected by taking into account conditions such as the required cold water load and future increase in the cold water load. For example, the capacity can be increased by installing a plurality of adsorption chillers.

Adsorption chillers do not have the disadvantage of absorbent precipitation that occurs in absorption chillers, and the temperature of the heat source required to regenerate the adsorbent in the regenerator is relatively low, at 50°C or higher. , the capacity fluctuates little in response to fluctuations in the heat amount of the heat source, and the heat can be stored in the form of regenerating the adsorbent in the adsorption regenerator of the adsorption refrigerator, so there is no time lag. Also, the heat can be effectively used to generate cold water, and thus the waste heat generated in the internal combustion engine and the condenser of the compression refrigerator can be effectively used.

In addition, the adsorbents used in adsorption refrigerators, such as silica gel and zealite, do not change in volume even during adsorption reactions, are non-toxic, and are
It is odorless and non-corrosive, and is easy to maintain and manage even after long-term use. Adsorption chillers can be easily installed in spaces under the platforms of subway station buildings and in dead spaces on subway tracks. Therefore, a cooling system for subways can be constructed.

(Example) Next, an example in which the cogeneration system of the present invention is applied to a subway cooling system will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an internal combustion engine 1 such as a gas engine, and a generator 2 is driven by this internal combustion engine 1. This internal combustion engine 1 includes a jacket cooler 3,
A waste heat recovery section 6 consisting of an exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 provided in the exhaust gas path 4 is provided.

The symbol C indicates a compression type refrigerator, and this compression type refrigerator C has a compressor 7, a condenser 8, an expansion valve 9, and an evaporator 10 as components. This compressor 7 is connected to the drive shaft 1
1 is driven by the internal combustion engine l, and the drive shaft 11 and the output shaft 12 of the internal combustion engine l are connected to a clutch 13.
The configuration is such that the connection can be made intermittently via the . In the illustrated example, the drive shaft 11 is connected to the output shaft 12 via the rotating shaft 14 of the generator 2, but it can also be connected directly. Also, this compressor 7
The drive shaft 11 is configured to be driven by the output shaft 12 of the internal combustion engine l, or may be configured to be driven by an electric motor depending on the case. The condenser 8 includes a heat exchange section 15 connected to a waste heat recovery hot water system H described later, and a cooling tower 1.
A heat exchange section 16 is provided for the cooling water path Ra that is continuous with the cooling water path 7a.

Further, the waste heat recovery section 6 has a hot water path that passes through the jacket cooler 3 and the exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 in sequence, and this path forms a waste heat recovery hot water system H.

Reference numeral A indicates an adsorption refrigerator, and an appropriate number of adsorption refrigerators A are installed in the space below the platform PL of the subway station building. This adsorption refrigerator A is, for example, a second
As shown in the figure, it consists of an adsorption regenerator 18 consisting of a pair of adsorbent filling parts a and b that operate alternately as an adsorber and a regenerator, a condenser 19, and an evaporator 20. A refrigerant liquid tank 22 connected by a siphon pipe 21 is provided between the evaporator 20 and the evaporator 20, and the refrigerant liquid in the refrigerant liquid tank 22 is transferred to a pump 23, a flow rate adjustment valve 24, and a refrigerant injection unit 25.
It is configured to be introduced into the evaporator 20 through the. Further, the pair of adsorbent filling parts a and b each have a pair of on-off valves 26a,
a refrigerant vapor path 27 leading to the condenser 19 via 26b;
The refrigerant vapor path 28 from the evaporator 20 is selectively connected to the refrigerant vapor path 28 . The condenser 19, evaporator 20 and adsorbent filling parts a and b have heat exchange parts 29 and 30.31a, respectively.
31b, the heat exchange part 29 is connected to the cooling water path R1, the heat exchange part 30 is connected to the cold water path wb connected to the cold water system W, and the heat exchange parts 31a, 31b are provided with two pairs of on-off valves 32a, 32b. It is configured to selectively connect to the cooling water path R and the path constituting the waste heat recovery hot water system H via the cooling water path R.

The cold water path wb is connected in parallel with the cold water path Wa passing through the heat exchange section 33 of the evaporator 10 of the compression refrigerator C to constitute a cold water system W, and this cold water system W includes an appropriate number of air conditioners. A heat exchange section 34 is provided.

On the other hand, the cooling water route R includes a route Rb that uses leakage water at a proper location on the subway route T as a cooling water source, and a cooling tower 1 installed at a proper location.
It is configured to be connected to a route Re connected to 7b. In the figure, p indicates a pump, f indicates a fan, ■ indicates an on-off valve, 35 indicates a subway car, and 36 indicates a damper.

In the above configuration, during the cooling period, the clutch 13 is engaged to operate the internal combustion engine 1, drive the generator 2, and drive the compressor 7 to operate the compression refrigerator C. The electricity generated by generator 2 is used for ventilation fans in the station building and Yodo T,
Used as a power source for auxiliary equipment such as drainage pumps. Further, the cold water generated in the evaporator 10 by the operation of the compression refrigerator C passes through the cold water path Wa to the heat exchanger 34 of the cold water system W, and is used for cooling. On the other hand, waste heat generated by the operation of the internal combustion engine 1 is recovered into hot water of a waste heat recovery hot water system H via a path passing through a waste heat recovery section 6 consisting of a jacket heat exchanger 3 and an exhaust gas heat exchanger 5, Furthermore, the heat generated in the condenser 8 by the operation of the compression refrigerator C is also recovered into hot water of the waste heat recovery hot water system H via a path passing through the heat exchange section 15 of the condenser 8. The hot water from the waste heat recovery hot water system H is then supplied to the adsorption refrigerator A. Note that if the heat generated in the condenser 8 cannot be removed sufficiently by the hot water flowing through the heat exchanger 15, the cooling water path Ra to the cooling tower 17a may be operated as necessary to remove the The heat of condensation that inhibits the operation of C can be removed.

As described above, the hot water from the waste heat recovery hot water system H reaches the adsorption refrigerator A, flows through the regenerator, and is used to regenerate the adsorbent. As shown in Figure 2, when the adsorption refrigerator A is operated with the on-off valves and on-off valve pairs marked with hatching in the figure open, and the on-off valves and on-off valve pairs that are not hatched closed. The hot water of the waste heat recovery hot water system H is transferred to the adsorbent filling section a.
The adsorbent is heated by flowing through the heat exchanger 31a, and the adsorbed refrigerant vapor is released and regenerated. The released refrigerant vapor is introduced into the condenser 19 from the refrigerant vapor path 27 via the on-off valve 26a, is cooled and liquefied by the cooling water flowing through the heat exchange section 29, and is sent to the refrigerant liquid tank via the siphon pipe 21. It reaches 22.

Next, the refrigerant is introduced into the evaporator 20 from the refrigerant jet section 25 through the pump 23 and the flow rate adjustment valve 24, and is evaporated. Cooling. The cold water cooled in this way in the cold water path wb is then transferred to the evaporator 10 of the compression refrigerator C.
The heat exchanger 34 of the cold water system W together with the cold water generated in
It is then placed in the air conditioner. On the other hand, the refrigerant vapor in the evaporator 20 passes through the on-off valve 26b from the refrigerant vapor path 28 and reaches another adsorbent filling section, where it is adsorbed by the adsorbent. The adsorption heat generated during such adsorption is removed by the cooling water flowing through the heat exchange section 31b, that is, the cooling water in the cooling water path R from the subway leakage or the cooling tower 17b. These cooling waters are appropriately selected depending on the operating conditions, or are used simultaneously. If the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent filling section on one side decreases below the specified level due to such operation, replace the on-off valve and the on-off valve pair with hatching in Fig. 2, contrary to the above. By opening the parts that have not been closed or being used, and by operating the adsorbent filling part a, which had been operating as a regenerator, as an adsorber, and the adsorbent filling part A, which had been operating as an adsorber, as a regenerator, cold water can be regenerated. can continue to occur.

Next, if the chilled water load is small and the necessary amount of chilled water can be supplied only by the compression chiller C, the adsorbent filling parts a and b of the adsorption chiller A will operate only as the regenerator described above. ,
After the predetermined regeneration, the on-off valves 26a, 26b and the on-off valve pair 32a, 32b are kept closed until the next operation.

When the cooling load increases and the necessary amount of chilled water cannot be obtained using compression chiller C alone, the chilled water generation capacity is increased by adsorbing refrigerant vapor using the previously regenerated adsorbent as described above. can be increased to cope with the increase in chilled water load, and at the same time, as mentioned above,
The hot water from the waste heat recovery hot water system H can regenerate other adsorbent filling parts. As mentioned above, multiple adsorption chillers A can be installed, taking into account conditions such as the required chilled water load and future chilled water load increase, and these operating methods can be switched sequentially. This may be done as appropriate, such as doing so or driving at the same time.

Next, when air conditioning is not required, such as during winter, mid-season, or at night during the cooling season, the internal combustion engine l is operated with the clutch 13 disengaged, and the compression refrigerator C is operated. It does not operate, and only the generator 2 is driven to generate electricity. The electric power generated by the generator 2 is used as a power source for auxiliary equipment such as ventilation fans and drainage pumps in the station building and underpass, as described above.

Further, the waste heat generated by such operation is exclusively used for regenerating the adsorbent of the adsorption refrigerator A as described above, or for cooling operation to the extent that heat accumulated in the soil is removed.

It goes without saying that in some cases, the adsorption refrigerator A can be controlled to perform cooling operation by itself.

As mentioned above, the adsorption refrigerator A does not have the disadvantages of absorption refrigerating machines such as precipitation of absorbent, and in addition to the fact that the temperature of the heat source required for regenerating the adsorbent in the regenerator is low, There is little variation in the capacity in response to changes in the heat amount of the heat source, and the heat can be stored in the form of regenerating the adsorbent in the adsorption regenerator 18 of the adsorption refrigerator A, so there is no time lag. However, the heat can be effectively used to generate cold water, and thus the waste heat generated in the internal combustion engine 1 and the condenser 8 of the compression refrigerator C can be effectively used.

In addition, the adsorbents used in adsorption refrigerator A, such as silica gel and zealite, do not change in volume even during adsorption reactions, are non-toxic, odorless, and non-corrosive, and are easy to maintain and manage even after long-term use. Since it is easy to use, by installing the adsorption chiller A in the space under the platform PL of a subway station building or in the dead space of the subway tunnel T, it is possible to easily create a subway cooling system that is safe even in the event of damage. Can be configured. In addition to being applied to a subway cooling system as described above, the present invention can also be used as a cogeneration system for generating cold water in underground malls and general buildings, thereby saving energy.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention generates cold water by rationally combining a cogeneration device, a compression refrigerator, and an adsorption refrigerator. There is no inconvenience such as precipitation of water, and even waste heat whose amount of heat fluctuates at temperatures above 50°C can be effectively used to generate cold water. This has the effect of making it possible to efficiently generate cold water by effectively utilizing the waste heat generated. In particular, in the present invention, heat can be stored in the form of regenerating the adsorbent in the adsorption chiller. Even if there is a time difference between the amount of heat and the point of demand for chilled water, this amount of heat is not wasted and can be used effectively to generate chilled water when a large chilled water load is generated that cannot be handled by compression chillers alone. The effect is that it can be done. In this way, the present invention can be applied to cooling systems in subways, and can also be used as cogeneration systems for generating cold water in underground malls and general buildings, and can save energy. There is no vibration or noise, and adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite are non-toxic, odorless, non-polluting, and non-corrosive, so even in the event of a disaster, it is safe and does not cause environmental pollution, and is easy to maintain. This has the effect that it is very easy to manage and manage.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing an example of the overall configuration in which the present invention is applied to a subway cooling system, and 6 FIG. 2 is a system explanatory diagram showing an example of the configuration of an adsorption refrigerator A. . Code A: Adsorption refrigerator, C: Compression refrigerator, H
...Waste heat recovery hot water system, R (Ra, Rb, Rc)...
Cooling water route, W... Chilled water system, Wa, Wb... Chilled water route, 1... Internal combustion engine, 2... Generator, 3... Jacket cooler, 4... Exhaust gas route, 5... ... Exhaust gas heat exchanger, 6. Waste heat recovery section, 7. Compressor, 8.
19... Condenser, 9... Expansion valve, 10.20...
Evaporator, 11... Drive shaft, 12... Output shaft, 13.
...Clutch, 14... Rotating shaft, 15.16.29.
30, 31a, 31b, 33... heat exchange section, 17 a
, 17 b...Cooling tower, 18...Adsorption regenerator, 2
1... Siphon tube, 22... Refrigerant liquid tank, 23
...Pump, 24...Flow rate adjustment valve, 25...Refrigerant injection part, 26a, 26b-...Opening/closing valve, 27.28...
- Refrigerant vapor path, 32a, 32b...opening/closing valve pair, 34
...Heat exchange part for air conditioning, 35...Subway car, 36.
...Damper, PL...Platform, T...Subway route, p...Pump, f...Fan, ■...Opening/closing valve.

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) The components include a generator driven by an internal combustion engine, a compression refrigerator, and an adsorption refrigerator, and waste heat recovery hot water passes through the waste heat recovery section of the internal combustion engine and the condenser of the compression refrigerator. A cogeneration device for generating cold water, characterized in that the adsorption refrigerator is operated using hot water in the system as a heat source for regeneration. (2) The compressor according to claim 1 is a cogeneration system for generating cold water, characterized in that the drive shaft thereof is driven by an internal combustion engine for driving a generator, and the drive shaft and the internal combustion engine are configured to be disconnectable. sion device (3) The adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1 is a cogeneration device for generating cold water, characterized in that a plurality of adsorption refrigerators are provided. (4) A subway cooling device characterized in that the adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1 is installed in a space under a platform of a subway station building. (5) A subway cooling device characterized in that the adsorption refrigerator according to claim 1 is installed in a dead space of a subway tunnel.