JPH03284797A - Automatic playing instrliment - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an automatic playing instrument capable of smoothly changing tempos by providing the instrument with a tempo signal generating means, an automatic musical tone generating means and a tempo changing means. CONSTITUTION:A tempo setting value is applied an analog or digital value by means of a volume or a data input method. The tempo generating means generates a tempo signal with a speed corresponding to the set value. In the case of changing the tempo setting value, the tempo change control means controls the speed of the tempo signal generated from the tempo generating means so as to gradually change it from the tempo setting value obtained before the change up to a speed corresponding to the changed tempo setting value. Since the tempo of automatic playing is gradually changed without being quickly changed to the changed tempo and smooth tempo change can be automatically attained, unrefined ad interrupted sense due to a sudden change in the tempo can be removed from automatic playing.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to automatic performance devices such as sequencers, automatic accompaniment devices, and automatic rhythm performance devices for electronic musical instruments, and in particular, when changing the tempo of an automatic performance, This relates to something that allows smooth changes from one tempo to a new tempo.

[Prior art]

Sequencer-type automatic performance devices that store performance information input from the keyboard of an electronic musical instrument, a computer, etc., and reproduce performance sounds based on the stored performance information are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 58-211191 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-1931
There is one shown in Publication No. 92. In this type of automatic performance device, performance information is read from memory in accordance with a tempo clock, and musical tone signals are generated based on the performance information. In this case, the tempo clock frequency can be variably controlled in accordance with the tempo setting value, and by variably controlling the tempo clock frequency in this way, the tempo of the reproduced performance can be freely changed to a desired value. The tempo setting value can be changed continuously by operating a tempo setting knob, or discontinuously by operating an appropriate switch.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

With conventional automatic performance devices, if you change the tempo during performance using a tempo setting operator such as a knob or switch, the automatic performance tempo immediately shifts to the new tempo after the change, resulting in a sudden change in tempo. However, there is a problem in that it gives a jerky disconnected line. If the tempo can be changed continuously by operating the knob, if you want to change the tempo smoothly, you can gradually operate the tempo setting knob. , This is not preferable because it becomes an obstacle when manual performances are performed in parallel.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides an automatic performance device that is capable of gradually and smoothly changing the tempo from before the change to the new tempo when the tempo of the automatic performance is changed. The purpose is to provide.

[Means to solve the problem]

The automatic performance device according to the present invention includes a tempo signal generating means for generating a tempo signal at a speed according to a tempo setting value, and an automatic musical tone generating means for automatically generating a musical tone according to the tempo established by the tempo signal. , when the tempo setting value is changed.

tempo change control means for gradually changing the speed of the tempo signal generated by the tempo signal generation means from a speed corresponding to the tempo setting value before the change to a speed corresponding to the tempo setting value after the change. It is something. This is illustrated in FIG. 1.

[For production]

The tempo signal generating means generates a tempo signal at a speed corresponding to the tempo setting value. This tempo setting value is.

As is well known, the information may be provided either in analog form or as digital numerical values, by the operation of controls such as knobs or switches, or by data input or other techniques.

When this tempo setting value is changed, the tempo change control means changes the speed of the tempo signal generated by the tempo signal generation means from the speed corresponding to the tempo setting value before the change to the speed corresponding to the tempo setting value after the change. control to gradually change the speed. thus.

When changing the tempo setting value, the tempo of automatic performance does not change immediately to the new tempo, but gradually changes from the old tempo to the new tempo, automatically realizing a smooth tempo change. I can do it.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a sequencer type automatic performance device. Microprocessor unit (CPU
) 10 controls the overall operation of this automatic performance device. A program and data memory 11 and a working register 1 are connected to this CPU10 via a bus 19.
2. Sequencer memory 13, operation panel 14. An input/output device [15] and a tempo clock generator 18 are connected.

In this embodiment, the parts indicated by numbers 10 to 15, 18, and 19 are sequencer modules, and the input/output devices v! The keyboard circuit 16 and sound source 17 modules are connected via 115, respectively.

Data is exchanged between each module using the well-known MIDI standard.

The program and data memory 11 stores various programs and data of the CPU10, and is composed of a read-only memory (ROM).

The working register 12 temporarily stores various data generated when the CPU 10 executes a program, and is assigned a predetermined address area of a random access memory (RAM), respectively.

The sequencer memory 13 is a random access memory (R
AM) and stores performance information.

The operation panel 14 allows you to select and select tone, volume, pitch, effect, etc.
It includes various operators for setting and controlling, and includes, for example, a tempo setting operator 14a, a tempo change coefficient setting operator 14b, and a tempo followability setting operator 14c as tempo setting operators as shown in the figure. The desired tempo is set using the tempo setting operator 14a.

The input/output device 15 inputs and outputs performance information expressed in the MIDI standard, and can be connected to a keyboard circuit 16 for inputting arbitrary performance information to the sequencer module. A sound source 17 that receives and receives performance information can be connected. Of course,
It is also possible to connect a computer or the like in place of the keyboard circuit 16 and input desired performance information.

The keyboard circuit 16 is configured to include a circuit consisting of a plurality of key switches provided corresponding to each key of the keyboard that specifies the pitch of a musical tone to be generated, and when a new key is pressed. outputs key-on event information, and outputs key-off event information when the key is newly released. It also performs processing to generate touch data by determining the key press speed or force when pressing down the key, and outputs the generated touch data as velocity data.

In this way, the key-on and key-off event information and velocity information are expressed in accordance with the MIDI standard, and also include data indicating the key code and assigned channel, as will be described later.

The sound source 17 is capable of simultaneously generating musical sound signals on multiple channels, inputs performance information (data compliant with the MID I standard) given via the input/output device 1i15, and performs musical tone signals based on this data. Generates musical tone signals.

Any system may be used for generating musical tone signals in the sound source 17. For example, there is a memory readout method in which musical waveform sample value data stored in a waveform memory is sequentially read out in accordance with address data that changes in accordance with the pitch of the musical tone to be generated, or the address data is used as phase angle parameter data at a predetermined frequency. FM method for performing a modulation calculation to obtain musical waveform sample value data, or A for calculating musical waveform sample value data by performing a predetermined amplitude modulation calculation using the above address data as phase angle parameter data.
A known method such as the M method may be adopted as appropriate.

A digital musical tone signal generated from the sound source 17 is converted into an analog musical tone signal by a D/A converter (not shown), and then produced through a sound system (not shown).

The tempo clock generator 18 generates tempo clock pulses for counting time intervals and setting the tempo of automatic performance, and the frequency of this tempo clock pulse is determined by the tempo setting operator on the operation panel 14. 14
0 which can be set and adjusted by a, 14b and 14C
The generated tempo clock pulse is given to the CPU 10 as an interwoven command, and automatic performance processing is executed by the interwoven processing.

The automatic performance information stored in the sequencer memory 13 is information indicating a performance sequence, and in the recording mode, the performance information is stored sequentially according to the performer's actual performance procedure, and in the play mode, the stored contents are stored according to the tempo clock. Read sequentially. The performance information to be stored is various information based on information events on the keyboard circuit 16 and the operation panel 14. That is, when a key is pressed.

Key-off event information is stored, key-off event information is stored at the time of key release, and time information indicating a time interval between the events is stored between each event. The procedure for recording automatic performance information is well known, so detailed explanation will be omitted.

The performance information stored in the sequencer memory 13 is, for example, M
Consists of IDI standard data format. Examples are "key on", "key off" and "time interval".
Type information is shown in Figure 3.

The first byte of each data is a status byte that indicates the type of message (a byte used as an identification code to determine the type of message), and the second and third bytes that follow are data bytes. .

The first byte of "key-on" data, that is, key-on event information, is Ir9Jl, which indicates that the data is "key-on" data, and FX, which indicates the MIDI channel number to which this key-on event is assigned.
J, and is represented by the identification code "9x". The first byte of the "key-off" data, that is, the key-off event information, consists of "81" indicating that the data is "key-off" data, and fXJl indicating the MIDI channel number to which this key-off event is assigned. It is represented by the identification code "8X".

The second byte of the "key on" and "key off" data indicates the key code of that key, and the third byte indicates velocity data that is touch information of that key.

1 hour interval"data's first byte identification code FF4
'' is undefined in the MIDI standard, but in this embodiment it is used as an identification code for a time interval indicating the timing at which musical tones are produced. The time interval is expressed by the upper 7 bits of the second byte and the lower 7 bits of the third byte.

As described above, in the MIDI standard, one unit of event information or time information is composed of 3-byte data. In the sequencer memory 13.

The l address specified by the pointer is one byte, and one unit of event information or time information consisting of three bytes is stored in three consecutive pointer addresses.

In this embodiment, sequencer memory 13 has a size of 32 tracks. One track corresponds to one performance part. Furthermore, 16 channels of musical tones can be generated per one track. In other words, one performance part consists of 16 channel vocals. 1 of the above MIDI standards
The channel Ii')l of the byte is 16 in one track.
Shows one of the channels. The sequencer memory 13 stores sequential performance information for each track, and reads out the performance information of each track during playback.

In this embodiment, the tempo setting value is set by the tempo setting operator 14.
When the tempo clock frequency is changed by operation a, the tempo clock frequency is gradually shifted from the frequency corresponding to the tempo setting value before the change to the frequency corresponding to the tempo setting value after the change, over an appropriate period of time. . An example of the transition method, that is, the interpolation method in this case will be outlined with reference to FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b).

In FIGS. 4(a) and (b), the horizontal axis indicates time t, and the vertical axis indicates the tempo clock frequency output from the tempo clock generator 18. In this figure, the tempo clock frequency is changed from A to B. Increase the tempo clock frequency to B
This shows the case where the value is decreased from

First, change the tempo clock frequency in Fig. 4(a) from A to B.
In other words, when a tempo setting event occurs in which the tempo is increased by the tempo setting operator 14a, the tempo clock frequency increases by the tempo increment amount UO at time To, becoming (A+UO), and the value ( A+U0) is maintained during the unit time interval Ea (from time TO to time T1). Then, at time TI, the tempo clock frequency changes to the tempo increase amount U
Increase by 1 and become (A+UO+Ul).

The value (A+UO+U1) is similarly maintained only during the unit time interval Ea. After this, the tempo increases by 1tU2,
U3, U4, U5, and U6 are added to the tempo frequency as time passes, and the tempo clock frequency gradually increases accordingly, reaching the target tempo clock frequency B at time T6. In this case, tempo increase - 1ll
, U2.03, U4. U5 and U6 are set to gradually become smaller and increase in a logarithmic curve.

In this way, after the tempo up is finished, the tempo clock frequency B maintains a constant value from time T6 to time T7. Then, when a tempo setting event that decreases the tempo occurs at time T7, contrary to the case of tempo increase described above, the tempo clock frequency decreases by the tempo decrease jtDO at time T7, and becomes (B-Do). , its value (B-DO) during the unit time interval Eb (time T
7 to time T8). And time T
8, the tempo clock frequency is decreased by the tempo reduction amount D1 to become (B-Do-Di), and the value (B-DO-Di) is similarly maintained only for the unit time interval Eb. After this, the tempo decreases iD2, D3, D
4 and D5 are subtracted from the tempo frequency over time, and the tempo clock frequency gradually decreases as time passes, and at time T12, the target tempo clock frequency C is reached.
to move to. At this time, the tempo decreases; iDl, D2, D
3, D4 and D5 are set to gradually become smaller.

Since the unit time interval Eb when the tempo decreases is set smaller than the unit time interval Ea when the tempo increases, the tempo clock frequency decreases faster than when the tempo increases, so that the target tempo clock frequency is reached faster. It has become. In other words, the rate of change is greater when the tempo is made slower than when it is made faster.

On the other hand, in the case of FIG. 4(b), the tempo clock frequency shifts in the order of A, B, and C, as in FIG. 4(a).
In this example, the unit time interval when the tempo increases is equal to the unit time interval Eb when the tempo decreases. Therefore, even if the tempo setting event occurs at the same time TO, the target tempo frequency B is reached earlier in the example of FIG. 4(b). On the other hand, in the example of FIG. 4(b), the tempo decreases ff1D6, D7, D8, and DO at the time of tempo decrease are each set to be larger than the tempo decrease amounts of FIG. 4(a), so they are the same as time T7. Even if the decrease starts at time t7, the target tempo frequency C is reached earlier than in the case of FIG. 4(a). Therefore, the fourth
Even in the case of control as shown in Figure (b), the rate of change is smaller when the tempo is made faster than when it is made slower.

In this way, in this embodiment, by arbitrarily setting the tempo increase amount and tempo decrease amount (these are referred to as tempo change amounts) and the unit time interval for tempo increase and decrease, the target can be achieved from a certain tempo clock frequency. The change rate upon transition to the tempo clock frequency can be variably set, and the change can be performed with desired change curve characteristics. By controlling the size of this unit time interval, the time required for the tempo shift, that is, the followability to the tempo clock frequency changing operation, is determined, so the unit time intervals Ea and Eb at the time of increase and decrease are determined. In the following, we will refer to this as tempo followability. Note that specific processing according to the tempo increase and decrease amounts and tempo followability as shown in FIG. 4 will be described later.

Next, an example of the processing of the automatic performance device of FIG. 2 executed by the CPULO will be explained based on the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5 to 15.

Before that, working register 12 used in each process
The contents of this section will be explained. The following registers are set in the working register 12. 6 - Identification code register that temporarily stores the identification code in the first byte of the performance hat for each FLG knee - MD (TR
K): Operation mode register/POINT (TRK) that stores operation modes such as playback, recording, and stop for each track.
A pointer that specifies the address of the controller memory 13 for each track.PRI: A preset mode that uses tempo change coefficients and tempo followability data that are standardly installed in the program and data memory 11 of the device, or
This is a processing mode register that indicates whether it is a manual mode that uses the tempo change coefficient and tempo followability data arbitrarily set by the user, and when in the preset mode, the PRI
= “l II, PRI = “0” in manual mode
It is.

・KCD: Key code register that temporarily stores key codes ・VEL: Velocity register that temporarily stores velocity data ・TNOW: Tempo data that sets the tempo clock frequency, that is, data that indicates the current tempo setting value while a musical tone is being generated. Tempo setting register that temporarily stores ・TNEW: Target tempo register that temporarily stores tempo data that is the target of tempo change ・TRK: Track number register that indicates the track number (1 to 32) currently being processed ・TIME (TRK) - A time interval register that temporarily stores data indicating the time interval between Kens performance events for each track. ・upc: This register is used when increasing the tempo clock frequency, and is used to determine the amount of tempo increase arbitrarily set by the user. A tempo up coefficient register that stores an up coefficient, ・DNC: A register used when decreasing the tempo clock frequency, and a tempo down coefficient register that stores a tempo down coefficient for determining the amount of tempo reduction arbitrarily set by the user. ・EU : Tempo followability data when the tempo is increased arbitrarily set by the user (for example, the 4th v4 unit time interval Ea
or Eb) tempo followability register/ED: Tempo followability data during tempo down arbitrarily set by the user (for example, unit time interval Eb in FIG. 4)
Tempo down followability register that stores the tempo followability data EXU: Tempo up followability register A register for storing the tempo followability data of EU and decrements it ・EXD: Tempo down followability register ED tempo followability register A down time measurement register EXPRI for storing followability data and decrementing it. In addition, the program and data memory 11 contains tempo up coefficient data UPCX and tempo down coefficient data corresponding to the tempo up coefficients and tempo down coefficients stored in the tempo up coefficient register UPC and the tempo down coefficient register DNC. DNCX and tempo followability data EPRI corresponding to the tempo followability data of the tempo up/down followability registers EU and ED are stored in advance in a standard manner. However, the followability data stored in the program and data memory 11 is commonly used when the tempo is up and when the tempo is down.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a main routine processed by CPU10.

First, when the power is turned on, the CPU 10 starts processing according to the control program stored in the program and data memory 11. In the "initialization" process,
Initialize the working register 12. After that, "play switch event" processing, "tempo setting event"
processing, "preset/manual setting event" processing,
"Tempo change coefficient setting event" processing, "tempo followability setting event" processing, and other harmful processing (record switch processing, stop switch processing, other operation event processing such as numeric keypad manual processing) are repeated according to the occurrence of events. executed.

The "play switch event" process is performed when the play (playback) switch on the operation panel 14 is operated.
This process is for starting playback. An example of this process is shown in Figure 1O.

The "tempo setting event" process is performed when the tempo setting value is changed using the tempo setting operator 14a on the operation panel 14. An example of this process is shown in FIG. The "preset/manual setting event" process is performed when the processing mode selection switch on the operation panel 14 is operated. An example of this process is shown in FIG. Both the "tempo change coefficient setting event" process and the "tempo followability setting event" process are performed when the tempo change coefficient and followability data are set using the operators 14b and 14c of the operation panel 14. An example of these processes is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. In the "other" process, processes based on operations of other operators on the operation panel 15 and other various processes are performed.

In the "tempo setting event" process shown in FIG. 6, the tempo setting value newly set by the tempo setting operator 14a of the operation panel 14 is stored in the target tempo register TNEW as target tempo data, and the tempo up tracking is performed. Store the tempo followability data of the register EU and the tempo down followability register ED in the up time measurement register EXU and the down time measurement register EXD, respectively;
The tempo followability data EPRI in the program and data memory 11 is stored in the time measurement register EXPRI. As a result, when changing the tempo in the manual mode, the rate of change when the tempo is up and when the tempo is down can be made different.

“Preset/manual setting event” shown in Figure 7
In the process, each time the process mode selection switch on the operation panel 14 is operated, the contents of the process mode register PRI are inverted to preset mode or manual mode.

In the "tempo change coefficient setting event" process shown in FIG.
Perform processing to set C.

First, the tempo change coefficient setting operator 14 on the operation panel 14
It is determined whether the setting event b is a coefficient setting operation in the direction of increasing the tempo. If YES, the tempo change coefficient set by the tempo change coefficient setting operator 14b is stored in the tempo up coefficient register UPC, and if NO, the set tempo change coefficient is stored in the tempo down coefficient register DNC.

In the "r tempo followability setting event" process shown in FIG.
Processing is performed to set tempo followability data for manual mode in the tempo up followability register EU and the tempo down followability register ED.

First, the tempo followability setting operator L4c on the operation panel 14
It is determined whether the setting event operation is a followability setting operation in the tempo-up direction. If YES, the tempo followability data set by the tempo followability setting operator 14c is stored in the tempo up followability register EU, and if NO, the set followability data is stored in the tempo down followability register ED. .

In the case of the example shown in FIG. 4(a), the tempo up coefficient register UPC and the tempo down count register DN are
Set approximately the same value for C.

In the process shown in FIG. 9, a unit time interval Ea is set in the tempo up followability register EU, and the tempo down followability register E
D has a unit time interval Eb smaller than the unit time interval Ea.
Set. Therefore, in the case of Fig. 4 (a), the tempo increase amount and tempo decrease tray are approximately the same when the tempo crotter frequency increases and decreases, but because the unit time interval (tempo tracking ability) is different, the tempo decrease is smaller when it increases. Changes more slowly than time.

In the case of the example shown in FIG. 4(b), the tempo up coefficient register UPC is set to a smaller value than the tempo down count register DNC in the process shown in FIG.

In the process shown in FIG. 9, the tempo up followability register EU and tempo down followability register ED have the same unit time interval Eb.
Set. Therefore, in the case of Figure 4(b), even though the unit time interval when the tempo clock frequency increases and decreases is the same, the amount of increase in tempo is smaller than the amount of decrease in tempo, so the increase is better than the decrease. also changes slowly.

Next, the contents of each step of the "play switch event" process will be explained in order according to FIG.

Step 21: In order to start processing from the first track, set II I II to track number register TRK.
Set.

Step 22: Determine whether the value stored in the operation mode register MD (TRK) is a value indicating the playback mode, and if it is the playback mode (YES), proceed to the next step 23, and record the data in a mode other than the playback mode. or stop mode (N
In the case of O), proceed to step 30. An operation mode register MD (TRK) is provided for each track, and in step 22, the operation mode of the track specified by the track number register TRK is determined. By setting the operation mode for each track in this manner, it is possible to arbitrarily specify the track to be reproduced, but a detailed explanation of the operation mode setting process for each track will be omitted.

Step 23: Store the start address of the sequencer memory 13 regarding the track specified by the track number register TRK in the pointer POI NT (TRK).

Step 24: Store the performance information data in the sequencer memory 13 corresponding to the address of the pointer POINT (TRK) into the identification code register FLG.

Step 25: Determine the identification code of the performance information data stored in the identification code register FLG, and proceed to processing steps according to each identification code.

Step 26: This process is performed when the identification code is f9XJl indicating the "r key-on" event, and the key-on event subroutine shown in FIG. 11 is performed.

Step 27: This is a process performed when the identification code is F8XJl indicating a "key-off" event, and a key-off process is performed. This process may be almost the same as the key-on process, so a detailed explanation will be omitted.

Step 28: This process is performed when the identification code indicates time information of the FF 41, and the time interval setting subroutine shown in FIG. 12 is performed.

Step 29: This is a process performed when the identification code is a code other than the above, and a process is performed according to each code.A description of this process will be omitted here.

Step 30 Add 1 to the contents of the Nidrak number register TRK.
and increments the track number by 1.

Step 31: Determine whether the incremented value of the track number register TRK is greater than the maximum number of sequencer tracks 31. If it is smaller, return to step 22 and perform the same processing as described above regarding the incremented track number.

If it is larger (YES), the processing for the start addresses of all tracks has been completed, and the program returns to the main routine, whereupon the processing shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is executed as interlaced processing using the tempo clock.

The details of the key-on event subroutine executed in step 26 in FIG. 10 or step 73 in FIG.
This will be explained using Figure 1.

First, when the content of the identification code register FLG is key-on, the key code data of the second byte of key-on data (see Figure 3) consisting of MIDI standards is stored in the key code register KCD, and the key code data of the second byte of key-on data of MIDI standard is stored in the key code register KCD. Store the byte-th velocity data in the velocity register VEL.6 Next, pointer POINT
Add 3 to the contents of (TRK) and set the track number to 3.
Increment by Here, the reason for incrementing by 3 is to jump the second and third byte data, here the key code data and velocity data, and point to the address of the status byte (first byte) of the primary performance information. This is to ensure that (TRK) gives instructions. A MIDI key-on message having the key code data stored in the key code register KCD in the first process and the velocity data stored in the velocity register VEL in the next process is sent to the sound source 17 via the input/output device 15. Send. This causes the sound source 17 to generate musical tones based on the key-on message.

Next, a detailed example of the time interval setting subroutine executed in step 28 of FIG. 10 or step 75 of FIG. 14 will be described with reference to FIG.

This process is performed when the contents of the identification code register FLG indicate time information. First, the time interval data in the second and third bytes of this time information data are sent to the track number register TRK. 0 Stored in the time interval register TIME (TRK) of the specified track Next, the pointer POINT (
TRK), add 3 to the contents of the sequence memory 13, increment the address of the sequence memory 13 by 3, and add 1 to the next performance information.
Instruct the part-time job.

The play switch event routine shown in FIG. 10 is performed only once when the play switch is turned on. Thereafter, the tempo clock interrupt routine illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 is repeatedly executed in accordance with the tempo clock interrupt.

This routine runs from the tempo clock generator 18 to the CPU 1.
This process is executed every time a tempo clock is given to 0.

In steps 51 and 52, the tempo setting register TNO
The value of W is compared with the value of the target tempo register TNEW, and branch processing is performed according to the result.

Step 51: If the values stored in the tempo setting register TNOW and the target tempo register TNOW are equal to each other (YES), the tempo change processing in steps 52 to 63 thereafter is not performed.

At step 510, the value of the target tempo register TNOW is set in the tempo setting register TNOW, and the process jumps to step 66, whereupon the value of the tempo setting register TNOW is sent to the tempo clock generator 18 as is. If the values of the tempo setting register TNOW and the target tempo register TNEW are not equal (NO), the process advances to the next step 52.

Step 52: Determine whether the value stored in the target tempo register TNEW is larger than the value stored in the tempo setting register TNOW, and if it is larger (YES), perform tempo up processing from step 53 onwards. If the value is smaller (No), the process proceeds to step 60 and subsequent steps to perform tempo down processing.

Therefore, in the example of FIG. 4, the tempo clock frequency A
is stored in the tempo setting register TNOW and the tempo clock frequency B is stored in the target tempo register TNOW, the tempo up processing from step 53 onwards is performed, and the tempo clock frequency B is stored in the tempo setting register TNOW. and the tempo clock frequency C is stored in the target tempo register TNEW, then
Tempo down processing is performed from step 60 onwards.

Next, the tempo up processing in steps 53 to 59 will be explained.

Step 53: The value of processing mode register PRI is “0”
In other words, it is determined whether the mode is manual mode or not, and if it is manual mode (YES), the process proceeds to step 54.
If not (NO), the process proceeds to step 57. Therefore, steps 54 to 56 are performed in manual mode, and steps 57 to 59 are performed in preset mode.

Step 54: Determine whether or not to perform tempo up processing as is, i.e. up time measurement register EX
Determine whether the value of U is "0". If the value of the up time measurement register EXU is not 480 II (No), the processing time is as shown in Fig. 4 (a) and (b).
This means that the tempo clock frequency is in the middle of the unit time interval Ea or Eb, so the value of the tempo clock frequency must be kept constant at that time without changing. Therefore, N
In the case of O, the process advances to step 55 for counting down the up time measurement register EXU.

Conversely, when the value of the up time measurement register EXU is “O” (
If YES), the processing time is as shown in Fig. 4 (a) and (b).
This means that the current time exactly corresponds to each time To-T6 or tO to t6, so the process proceeds to step 56 for calculating the tempo increase i at that time.

Step 55 Near-tub time measurement register EXU to 1
, and jumps to step 67 in FIG.

Step 56: Tempo setting register TNOW.

The value of the tempo clock frequency after tempo up is calculated based on the target tempo register TNEW and the tempo up coefficient register UPC. Specifically, the value of the tempo setting register TNOW is subtracted from the value of the target tempo register TNEW, and the tempo up coefficient register UPC is added to this subtracted value.
Multiply the value of , and set this multiplied value and tempo setting register TNO.
The value of W is added to the new tempo setting register T.
Store as a NOW value. That is, the tempo increase amount UO shown in FIG. 4 is calculated and the calculated value is added to the tempo clock frequency setting value before the change. UPC for this step (
By the calculation process of TNEW-TNOW), it is possible to gradually reduce the tempo increase amounts UO, U1, U2, . . . as shown in FIG. 4. When the calculation is completed, the process proceeds to step 66.

Steps 57 to 59 are processes performed when the preset mode is determined in step 53, but since they are almost the same in content as steps 54 to 56, they will be briefly explained.

Step 57: Determine whether the value of the up time measurement register EXPRI is "0". If NO, proceed to step 58; if YES, proceed to step 59.

In step 58, the near-time measurement register EXPRI is counted down by 1, and the process jumps to step 67 in FIG.

Step 59: Tempo setting register TNOW, target tempo register TNEW and program and data memory l
Step 56: Set the value of the tempo clock frequency after tempo up based on the tempo up coefficient data UPCx in l.
Calculate in the same way. Once the calculation is complete, step 66
Proceed to.

Next, the tempo down processing in steps 60 to 65 will be explained. Each of these processes is roughly the same as steps 53-59.

Step 60: The value of processing mode register PRI is #l
QtT, that is, determine whether it is manual mode or not, and if manual mode (YES), step 61
If not (No), the process proceeds to step 64. Therefore, the processes of steps 61 to 63 are performed in the manual mode, and the processes of steps 64, 65, and 58 are performed in the preset mode.

Step 61: Determine whether or not to proceed with tempo down processing, i.e. down time measurement register EX
Determine whether the value of D is "0". The value of the down time measurement register EXD is not “0” (No
) means that the processing time is in the middle of the unit time interval Eb in Figures 4 (a) and (b), so at that time the value of the tempo clock frequency is kept constant without changing. There must be. Therefore, in case of No,
The process proceeds to step 62 for counting down the down time measurement register EXD. Conversely, if the value of the down time measurement register EXD is 0" (YES), the processing time is as shown in FIGS. 4(a) and (b). each time T7 to T12 or t
7~tl.

This means that either of the following applies, so the process proceeds to step 63 to calculate the amount of tempo decrease at that time.

Step 62: 1 from down time measurement register END
Step 63: Tempo setting register TNOW, target tempo register TNEW, and tempo down coefficient register DN.
The value of the tempo clock frequency after tempo down is calculated based on C. in particular.

Subtract the value of the target tempo register TNEW from the value of the tempo setting register TNOW, multiply this subtracted value by the value of the tempo down coefficient register DNC, and set the tempo setting register T.
The value obtained by subtracting this multiplication value from the value of NOW is stored as the value of a new tempo setting register TNOW. That is, the tempo reduction amount Do shown in FIG. 4 is calculated, and the calculated value is subtracted from the tempo clock frequency before the change. By the calculation process of DNC-(TNOW-TNEW)(71) in this step, the tempo decrease amount Do, Dl immediately after the change as shown in FIG.
, D2... can be gradually reduced in size. When the calculation is completed, the process proceeds to step 66.

Steps 64 and 65 are almost the same as steps 57 and 59, so they will be briefly explained.

Step 64 Determine whether the value of the near-sub time measurement register EXPRI is "0". If No, proceed to Step 58; if YES, proceed to Step 65.

Step 65: Tempo setting register TNOW, target tempo register TNEW, and program and data memory 1
Step 63: Set the value of the tempo clock frequency after tempo up based on the tempo down coefficient data DNCX in 1.
Calculate similarly.

When the calculation is completed, the process proceeds to step 66.

Step 66: The tempo data newly set in the tempo setting register TNOW in steps 56, 59, 63 or 65 is sent to the tempo clock generator 18. This allows the automatic performance tempo to be set to the tempo setting register TN.
The value is changed to correspond to the tempo data stored in OW.

After step 66, the process proceeds to step 660, and then to step 67 in FIG. In step 660, the tempo followability data of the tempo up followability register EU and the tempo down followability register ED are stored in the up time measurement register EXU and the down time measurement register END, respectively, and the tempo followability data in the program and data memory ll is stored. Transfer the sex data EPRI to the time measurement register EX
A process of storing it in the PRI is performed. This results in step 54.5 at the next interwoven timing.
7. If the decision in step 61 or 64 is NO, step 55.
In each process of 58 or 62, a countdown of unit time intervals is performed.

Next, steps 67 to 78 shown in FIG. 14 will be explained.

Step 67: To start processing from the first track, set "'1" in the track number register TRK.

Step 68 Operation mode register MD (TRK
) is a value indicating the playback mode, and if it is the playback mode (YES), proceed to the next step 69, and if the playback mode No., that is, record or stop mode, proceed to step 77. move on.

Step 69: If the playback mode (YES), the value of the time interval register TIME (TRK) corresponding to the track specified by the track number register TRK is “0”.
”.

If 1107+, proceed to step 70, otherwise proceed to step 71 0 time interval register TIME
What does it mean that the value of (TRK) is other than "02"?

Indicates that the time interval between performance events is being counted. On the other hand, the 1-hour interval register TIME (T
When the value of RK) is "0", it indicates that the counting of the time interval has ended.

Step 70 Step 69 sets the time interval register TIM
If the value of E (TRK) is determined to be 0'', it is necessary to read the next performance information from the sequencer memory 13, so the first byte of the next performance information message indicated by the pointer POINT (TRK) is read. 1. Read the identification code of the next performance information from 1. Store this in the identification code register FLG.

In step 71, in step 69, the time interval register TIM is set.
If the value of E (TRK) is determined to be other than “0”,
The value of this register is subtracted by 1, the value of the 1-time interval register TIME (TRK) is decremented, and the process proceeds to step 77, that is.

Time counting is performed by decrementing time interval data using a tempo clock pulse.

Step 72: Determine the identification code of the performance information data stored in the identification code register FLG, and proceed to processing steps according to each identification code.

Step 73: This process is performed when the m-specific code is "9X" indicating a "key-on" event, and the key-on event subroutine shown in FIG. 11 is performed.

Step 74: This process is performed when the identification code is "8X" indicating a "key-off" event, and a key-off process is performed.

Step 75: Identification code indicates time information 1m I;
This is the process performed in the case of '4 ffl, and the time interval setting subroutine shown in FIG. 12 is executed.

Step 76: This is a process performed when the ffl-specific code is a code other than the above, and the process is performed according to each code.

Step 77: Set the contents of track number register TRK to 1.
and increments the track number by 1.

Step 78: Determine whether the incremented value of the track number register TRK is greater than the maximum number of tracks 32, and if it is smaller, return to step 68 and repeat the same process as described above for the incremented track number. If YES), processing of all tracks for the tempo clock has been completed, and the process returns. Thereafter, the process is executed again by generation of an interlaced signal due to generation of the next tempo clock pulse.

To explain the playback operation, that is, the automatic performance operation in the above configuration, first, the processing mode is selected in advance as preset mode or manual mode.
The contents of the processing mode register PRI are set by the processing shown in FIG.

In addition, the tempo change coefficients (tempo up coefficient and tempo down coefficient) and followability data (time interval when tempo increases and decreases) for manual mode are set as desired, and as shown in Figures 8 and 9. Processing causes the tempo up coefficient register UPC.

It is stored in the tempo down coefficient register DNC, tempo up tracking register EU and tempo down tracking register EU. Of course, these setting processes (processing in Figures 7 to 9)
The settings can be changed even during automatic play.

Then, after making the selection of the desired playback track.

When the play switch is turned on, the play switch event process shown in FIG. 10 is executed. In this case, if the performance information at the beginning of the reproduction track is, for example, key-on data, step 26 is executed and the key-on event subroutine shown in FIG. 11 is entered.

In this key-on event subroutine, the key code and velocity data are stored in a predetermined key code register KCD.
and is stored in the velocity register VEL. As a result, musical tones corresponding to the key-on data are produced under touch response control according to the velocity data.

If the performance information following the key-on data is time interval data, after performing the process in step 75 of the tempo clotter interwoven routine shown in FIG. Time counting is performed by repeatedly decrementing the one-hour interval data at each timing. When the count for six hour intervals is completed, the next performance information is read out at step 70 in FIG. 14, and the same process is repeated. .

In a state where a musical tone is generated without changing the tempo clock frequency, step 52 of the tempo changing process in FIG.
Steps 65 to 65 are not performed in step 51, and the processes in and after step 67 in FIG. 14 are repeated.

While this process is being repeated, the 6th
When the tempo setting event shown in the figure is performed, the value of the new tempo clock frequency is stored in the target tempo register TNEW, and the values of the respective tenbore, knob follower register EU, and tempo down follower register ED are changed to the tempo up time measurement register EXυ and It is stored in the tempo down time measurement register EXD. At the same time, tempo followability data EPRI in the program and data memory 11 is also stored in the time measurement register EXPRI. and.

The processes after step 52 in FIG. 13 are executed.

Tempo setting data that gradually changes from the current value toward the target value is sent to the tempo clock generator 18, and accordingly, the tempo of the automatic performance is gradually and smoothly changed until it reaches the target value.

In the above embodiment, the performer can freely set both the tempo change coefficient and the tempo followability. are the same, and only the tempo followability coefficient may be set to different values for increases and decreases.
As in b), the tempo followability is the same for increases and decreases, and only the tempo increase and decrease may be set to different values, and the combination can be selected as appropriate.

For example, if the tempo followability coefficient is the same for increases and decreases as shown in FIG. 4(b), and only the tempo increase amount and decrease mark are variable, then the up followability register Et in FIG.
J and down followability register ED to 1 as shown in Figure 16.
The up time measurement register EXU and the down time measurement register EXD shown in FIG. 6 may be combined into one time measurement register EXD as shown in FIG. In this case, the flowchart in FIG. 13 can be changed as shown in FIG. 17.

To explain the flowchart in FIG.
In the figure, steps 53 and 60 of FIG. 13 are combined into step 81, and the processing mode is determined first. Depending on this determination result, the next step 82 or 8
4 will be performed. These steps 82 and 84 correspond to steps 54, 57, 61 and 64 in FIG. 13, and determine whether or not tempo up or tempo down processing is allowed. That is, it is determined whether the value of the one-hour measurement register EX or EXPRI is II OII, and if it is not "'0"' (No),
Since this means that the processing time is in the middle of the time interval Eb in FIG. After completing the process, jump to step 67 in FIG. 14.5 Conversely, if the value of the time measurement register EX or EXPRI is
If 'O''' (YES), the processing time is as shown in Figure 4 (
b) Each time To-T6. T7-T12 or to-t6
．． Since this means that it corresponds to exactly any one of t7 to tlO, the process proceeds to the next step 86 to calculate the amount of increase or decrease in tempo at that time.

In steps 86 and 87, the same processing as steps 51 and 52 in FIG. 13 is performed, that is, the tempo setting register TNOW
and the value of the target tempo register TNEW,
The process branches to steps 860, 88 and 91 depending on the result. In steps 88 to 90, tempo up processing is performed, and in steps 91 to 93, tempo down processing is performed.

In steps 88 and 91, the processing mode is determined in the same way as in step 81, and steps 89, 90, 92 and 9
3, depending on this result step 56.5 of FIG.
9. The same processing as in 63 and 65 is performed, and the process proceeds to step 94, where the value of the tempo setting register TNOW is sent as is to the tempo clock generator 18.

The process shown in FIG. 17 is completed as described above, but most of the processes are the same as those shown in FIG. 13.

Note that the determination of rTNEW=TNOWJ in step 51 of FIG. 13 and step 86 of FIG. It will be treated as if it is. Therefore, the decision in step 51.86 is YES.
In this case, steps 510 and 860 are performed to accurately set TNEW=TNOW. In this case, the processing of steps 510 and 860 may be omitted.

In addition, in the above embodiment, one data was used as the tempo followability data EPRI in the preset mode, but
Different data may be used when the tempo is up and when the tempo is down.

Furthermore, interpolation is performed using a logarithmic curve by gradually decreasing the amount of increase and decrease in tempo when the tempo is increased and decreased.

It is not limited to this, and may be increased or decreased linearly. In this case, step 56°59.63
．． The calculation formulas of 65, 89, 90, 92, and 93 may be appropriately changed to predetermined ones.

In addition, in FIGS. 4(a) and (b), the time interval (tempo followability) during tempo up or tempo down is shown as constant, but in reality, the processing in FIGS. 13, 14, and 17 Since the tempo clock is processed in a tempo clock interconnected manner, it will be affected by fluctuations in the tempo clock itself, resulting in subtle changes. It is possible to control the system without any practical problems. In addition, by making each process in FIGS. 13 and 17 interwoven with a fixed clock pulse, and making only the process in FIG. 14 a tempo clock interwoven process, the unit time interval (tempo followability) can be accurately determined. can be kept constant.

In the embodiments described above, the present invention is implemented by software processing, but dedicated hardware may be configured to perform similar control.

Automatic performance devices to which this invention can be applied are not limited to sequencers such as those in the above embodiments, but also automatic accompaniment devices such as automatic pace chords and automatic arpeggios, automatic rhythm performance devices, and other types that perform automatic performance according to a tempo clock. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied to any automatic performance device.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, when the tempo setting value is changed, the speed of the tempo signal, that is, the frequency of the tempo clock, is changed from the speed corresponding to the tempo setting value before the change to the tempo setting value after the change. When the tempo is changed, the automatic performance tempo does not immediately change to the new tempo, but gradually changes from the old tempo to the new tempo. You can achieve smooth tempo changes. Therefore, during the performance, the tempo suddenly changes and there is a jerky disconnection.
This also makes it easier to change the tempo when you want to smoothly change the automatic performance tempo to match the fluctuations in the manual performance tempo when performing both manual and automatic performance. It has this excellent effect.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of an embodiment of the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the data format when the performance information stored in the sequencer memory of FIG. 2 is expressed in the MIDI standard. FIGS. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the main routine processed by the CPU in FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a detailed example of the tempo setting event processing in FIG. 5. 5 is a flowchart showing a detailed example of the preset/manual setting event processing; FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a detailed example of the tempo change coefficient setting event processing of FIG. 5; FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a detailed example of the tempo followability setting event process of FIG. 5. 10 is a flowchart showing a detailed example of the play switch event processing in FIG. 5, FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a detailed example of the key-on subroutine shown in FIGS. 10 and 14, and FIG.
FIGS. 13 and 14 are flowcharts showing detailed examples of the time interval setting subroutine in FIGS. FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a modification example of the tempo setting event process in FIG. 6. The 16th WI is the 91st ii! FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a modification example of the tempo followability setting event processing of FIG. 10... CPU, ll... program and data memory, 12... working register, 13... sequencer memory, 14... operation panel, 15... input/output device, 16... keyboard circuit , 17... sound source, 18.
...Tempo clock generator.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) tempo signal generation means for generating a tempo signal at a speed corresponding to the tempo setting value; automatic musical tone generation means for automatically generating a musical tone according to the tempo established by the tempo signal; tempo change control that gradually changes the speed of the tempo signal generated by the tempo signal generating means from a speed corresponding to the tempo setting value before the change to a speed corresponding to the tempo setting value after the change when the tempo signal is changed; an automatic performance device comprising means. (2) The tempo change control means is capable of making the change rate at which the speed of the tempo signal is gradually changed different between when the tempo is made faster and when it is made slower. 1. The automatic performance device according to 1. (3) The automatic performance device according to claim 1, wherein the tempo change control means is capable of variably setting a rate of change at which the speed of the tempo signal is gradually changed.