JPH03284149A - Electromagnetic rotating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a flat torque characteristic with no torque ripple by making an electromagnetic rotating machine have a non-phasic structure, and by performing always unidirectional current applications to armature coils through adjusting set values. CONSTITUTION:A rotor 2 is fastened on a rotating shaft 1, and a magnet rotor 4 is fastened on the inner side of the rotor 2. Both the side faces of the magnet rotor 4 are magnetized to be N.S poles, and the surface of S pole is bonded to the rotor 2. Also, the rotating shaft 1 is supported by ball bearings 3a, 3b, which are engaged fixedly with the inside of a cylinder 3 embedded in a stator 8. A load 7a is driven with a member for conducting torques which is indicated by an arrow head C. In this case, a motor is attained, and when driving the rotating shaft 1 by the load 7a converted into a driving source, a generator is realized. Armatures 12a, 12c, to which armature coils 5a, 5c are bonded respectively, are embedded in the stator 8.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] It is used as a generator (tacho generator) that is proportional to rotational speed and has no voltage ripple and noise, or as a high-efficiency DC motor without output torque ripple. .

[Conventional technology]

There are many technologies with a configuration similar to the device of the present invention (although many have been proposed, many have theoretical errors), and no examples have been put into practical use. There is a technology that has been developed.

[Problems to be solved by the present invention] First problem Multi-phase generators include ripple voltage in their DC output, so it is impossible to obtain a DC output proportional to the rotation speed, and the ripple voltage is converted to a capacitor. , already smoothing takes time (
This causes a problem in that a voltage that accurately follows changes in rotational speed cannot be obtained (this is a disadvantage when used as a tacho generator).

Second Problem: In the case of a multi-phase DC motor, especially a brushless DC motor, the number of phases is small, so there is a problem that torque ripple, electronic noise, and mechanical vibration are generated.

Third Problem In the case of brushless generators and DC motors, the rectifier is a semiconductor circuit, which is expensive, and there are problems in that electromagnetic noise is generated during phase switching. It also has the disadvantage of generating mechanical vibrations.

Q-th problem In the case of a DC motor, when it is a brushless motor, the number of phases is 1 to 3, so there is a time lag between disappearance and accumulation of magnetic energy in the armature coil during phase switching.

Therefore, if the speed is set to high, the generation of counter torque increases, there is a limit to the increase in rotational speed, and there is a problem that the efficiency deteriorates. When the speed is high (more than 10,000 revolutions per minute), there are problems in that iron loss increases, heat generation increases, and efficiency deteriorates.

Fifth Problem: There is iron loss due to disappearance and accumulation of magnetic energy in the armature coil, and there is a problem that efficiency deteriorates. As mentioned above, high speeds pose a major problem.

[Means to solve problems]

First means: A disc-shaped magnet rotor whose rotating surfaces on both sides are uniformly magnetized to N and S poles, and magnetic paths that form magnetic paths affixed to the sides of the seven poles of the magnet rotor. The rotating shaft is rotatably supported by a body rotor, a rotating shaft fixed to the center of the magnet rotor, and a bearing provided at the center of the stator made of a flat non-magnetic material. With,
An armature made by winding an armature coil around an armature core made of a flat, rectangular magnetic material, and a means for making the magnetic path open end face of a magnet rotor face the side surface of a stator through an air gap. means for embedding and fixing a plurality of armatures in a stator at equal pitches and spaced apart from each other so as to face each other with a gap in the winding direction of the armature coil; A generator or a generator that derives a generated voltage induced in each armature coil by the rotation of the magnetic rotor, and a means for closing the magnetic path by arranging the protrusion of the magnetic rotor to face a part of the magnetic rotor with a slight gap therebetween. The motor is configured as a DC motor that generates an output torque in the / direction to the magnet rotor when each armature coil is energized.

Second means: A disc-shaped magnetic rotor whose rotating surfaces on both sides are uniformly magnetized to N and S poles, a rotating shaft fixed to the center of the magnet rotor, and a disc-shaped magnetic rotor, respectively. an outer casing made of a non-magnetic material whose outer periphery is fixed; a means for facing the bearing provided in the center of the stator and the stator with a slight gap; and a flat rectangular magnetic The armature coil is wound around the armature core made by the body, and the armature is wound around the armature core. A means for fixing the armatures at equal pitches apart from each other, means for tightly fixing the protruding portion of each armature core to the outer periphery of the outer casing to close the magnetic path, and rotation of the magnet rotor. It was constructed as either a generator that derives the generated voltage induced in each armature coil or a DC motor that generates an output torque in the / direction to the magnet rotor when each armature coil is energized. It is something.

[Effect]

The first to fifth problems described above are common drawbacks of well-known /phase, two-phase, and three-phase electric motors. This may be a problem due to the concept of phase. 3.2. What can be deduced from the concept of /, 0 is that the above-mentioned problems can be eliminated by escaping from the concept of phases and creating an O-phase, that is, a phaseless electric motor.

The device of the present invention solves the first to fifth problems by configuring a phaseless electric motor.

Next, its operation will be explained.〇The armature coil is always energized in the / direction at the set value, so there is no phase switching (and there is no large inflow or outflow of magnetic energy in the armature coil).

Therefore, when used as a generator, the first problem is solved because a voltage output with good responsiveness that is accurately proportional to the rotational speed can be obtained.

When used as an electric motor, the second problem is solved for the same reason, since there is no torque ripple and electrical or root vibrations are eliminated.

Since there is no need for a rectifying device for phase switching, there is no need for a semiconductor control circuit including a Hall element for that purpose, and it is possible to obtain a motor that obtains the driving force for the rotor simply by energizing the armature coil from a DC power source.

The above-mentioned situation is the same in the case of a generator.

Therefore, the third problem is solved.

Since there is no increase or decrease in the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil, there is no generation of counter torque due to the release of magnetic energy when the power is cut off, unlike in the case of general electric motors.
Since it is possible to obtain a high-speed electric motor (more than 100,000 revolutions per minute), the first problem can be solved.

Although the armature coil has a magnetic core, the amount of magnetic flux passing through it does not change, so there is no iron loss and a highly efficient electric motor can be obtained.

Therefore, there is an effect of solving the fifth problem.

〔Example〕

The details of the apparatus of the present invention will be explained with respect to the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 and subsequent figures. Since the same symbols in the drawings indicate the same members, a redundant explanation thereof will be omitted. FIG. 1 is an external view of the device of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the center of a cup-shaped mild steel rotor 2 with a magnet rotor t provided inside is fixed to a rotating shaft l.

The symbol g is a disc-shaped stator made of non-magnetic material, for example, by plastic molding.

Since FIG. 2 (a+) shows a sectional view of FIG. 1 as viewed from the direction of arrow F, the details of the configuration will be explained with reference to both.

In Fig. 2(a), the center of a cup-shaped rotor 2 made of mild steel is fixed to a rotating shaft, and an annular magnet rotor q is fixed to the inside of the rotor. There is.

The magnet rotor is shown in FIG. 3(a).

Both sides of the magnet rotor are magnetized to N and S poles.

The S pole face of the magnet rotor q is attached to the rotor λ.

A metal cylinder 3 is embedded and fixed in the center of a disc-shaped stator g (dot point part) made of a non-magnetic material, for example, plastic molding, and the rotation axis is rotated by ball bearings 3a and 3b fitted inside the cylinder. / is configured so as not to move vertically with respect to the cylinder 3.

Symbol 7a is a load driven by the torque transmission member shown by arrow C, which in this case is an electric motor, symbol 7a is a driving source, and when driving the rotating shaft l, it is a generator.

Symbols /ua, /, 2c are armature coils! The armatures a and 3c are wrapped around each other, and each armature is embedded in the stator g.

Details of the above-mentioned armature will be explained with reference to FIG. 3(b).
In FIG. 3Cb), circular holes ga, gb, . . . are screw holes for fixing the stator g to the main body.

FIG. 3(b) is a plan view of FIG. 2(a) viewed from the direction of the arrow. The armature core /2a, /cob,...
Electric l/state coils 3a, 3b, . . . are wound around it.

Dotted lines 4a and +i7b indicate the circumferential surfaces of the outer diameter and inner diameter of the magnet rotor.

Therefore, the upper plane portion of each armature coil faces the N-pole rotating surface of the magnet rotor t with a slight gap therebetween.

The armature core can be made of mild steel or a sintered body of magnetic powder.

The winding direction of the armature coils 5a, 5b, . . . is in the radial direction, and each armature is embedded in the stator g with an equal pinch distance between the windings.

Protrusions of armature core /2a, /2b,... /, ia-
The tips of /.../2b-/,... are adhered and fixed to the lower surface of the mild steel ring 7.

The upper surface of the ring 7 (shown with the same symbol in FIG. 2(a)) faces the inside of the rotor 2 with a slight gap in between, and the magnetic path is closed.

Next, the armature coil 5 wound around the armature core /:la
9(a) as an example. FIG. 1(a) shows only the vicinity of the armature core/2a and armature coil 5a in FIG. 2(a) in an enlarged manner. It is something that It is also a side view of FIG. 3(b) seen from the direction of arrow B.

In Fig. 2(a), symbol 2 is a part of the rotor 2. Symbols ga and g'b indicate the upper and lower surfaces of the stator g.

Dotted line 4 (C) indicates the N-pole rotation surface of the magnet rotor.

Protruding portion of armature core/, 2a/, tip portion 2a of 2a-/
2 is attached to a mild steel ring.

The ring 7 faces the rotor 2 with a slight gap therebetween.

The other armatures have the same configuration, armature cores /2b, /2c,
The tips of the protrusions 2d and 2d are adhered and fixed to an annular ring 7, and the upper surface of the annular ring 7 faces the inside of the rotor λ with a slight gap therebetween, thereby closing the magnetic path.

The above-mentioned protrusions of the armature core are shown in dotted lines with the same symbols in FIG. 2(a).

As can be understood from the above configuration, the magnetic flux of the N pole of the magnet rotor penetrates the upper surface coil part of each armature coil, and the armature magnetic core /, 2a, /, 2b, ... and its protruding parts. /; 2a-/ , /, ib-/ , . . . The magnetic path passes through the circular ring and the rotor 2, and the magnetic path is closed at the S pole surface.

The dotted line arrow in Fig. 3(b), 2nd part %a is 7 of the magnetic path mentioned above.
This indicates the part.

When each armature coil is energized in a predetermined direction from a DC power source, a driving force of Lorentz force according to Fleming's law is generated, and the magnet rotor 4 becomes a DC motor that can obtain a driving force in the / direction.

Further, when the magnet rotor Hiroshi is rotated by a drive source around the rotating shaft l, it becomes a generator.

In the case of a generator, each armature coil may be connected in series. Although the number of armatures is one in the embodiment, it can be increased or decreased as necessary.

The principle of drive torque generation is characterized by the ability to obtain a DC motor with an output similar to that of a well-known voice coil motor. When the magnet rotor q is driven in the direction by the drive source, an induced voltage is generated in each armature coil. Therefore, if the armature coils are connected in series and the induced voltages are added and derived, a generator is obtained.

For small output, it can be used as a tacho generator.

The effect is the same as when used as an electric motor.

This is an effective method because there is no ripple in the output voltage.

When the armature core becomes magnetically saturated, leakage flux increases,
This generates counter torque, so in order to prevent this, the cross-sectional area of the armature core must be made sufficiently thick.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 2(b) is constructed by modifying the protrusion of the armature core of the above-described embodiment, and FIG. 2(b) only shows the right half. The left half has the same configuration.

Armature core in Fig. 2(a)/protrusion of 2c/, 2cm/
is removed, and a protruding bent portion /2 cmj is protruded from the right side, and the magnetic path is closed by facing the outer rotating surface of the rotor 2 through a slight gap.

The effect is the same as the previous implementation.

In this case, iron loss occurs in the rotor 2, so in order to remove the iron loss, a mild steel cylinder is pasted on the inside of the protrusion /Ωc-3, and the inside of the cylinder is attached to the rotor 2. It is necessary to face the outer rotating surface. All other armature cores have the same configuration.

FIG. 2(C) shows another embodiment of the device of the present invention.

In Fig. 2 (C), the cup-shaped outer casing is made of mild steel, and the stator, which forms the lower outer casing (the dot part), is a disc-shaped one made by plastic molding. There is a ball bearing 3a provided in the center of the outer casing/lI, stator//,
A rotating shaft/ is rotatably supported by 3b.

Outer casing /4', stator // outer periphery is dotted line //a, //b
It is fastened with screws at this point.

A ring-shaped support 9 is fixed to the rotating shaft /, and the inner circumference of an annular magnet rotor 10 is fixed to the outer circumference of the ring 9.

The support 9 is made of non-magnetic material.

The front and back sides of the magnet rotor 100 rotation surface have the polarity N shown in the diagram.
, is magnetized to the south pole.

Disc-shaped stator made by plastic molding //(
Dot part) has an armature magnetic core/,! Armature coils /Aa and /Ac wound around i'a, 15c and the soles are embedded and fixed.

The stator // seen from the direction of the arrow is shown in FIG. 3(C), and its details will be explained below.

In FIG. 3(C), the stator // has an armature magnetic core 1
5a, /, ltb, . . . nine armature coils /6a, /Ab+, . . . are embedded and fixed at equal pitches apart from each other.

FIG. 7(b) shows the armature core 15a, armature coil/Ot a, protrusion/! Only ra-/, 15a-2 is shown.

The holes //a, //b, . . . in FIG. This is a screw hole for screwing the outer periphery of the stator //.

The armature magnetic cores 15a, 15b, . . . are rectangular magnetic flat plates made of a sintered body of mild steel or magnetic powder, and each is provided with protrusions /ja-/, 15b-/, . I'm getting lost.

Tip part 1 of the protrusion /, ta-l, /, tb-/, “・
5a2, /5b-2, ... are extended to the outer periphery of stator l/, their upper surfaces are exposed on the upper surface of stator //, and outer casing /lI and stator // are extended to the outer periphery. When screwed together, the magnetic path between the armature core and the outer casing is closed.

Therefore, the N-pole magnetic flux of the N-pole rotating surface of the magnet rotor 10 penetrates the coil portions on the upper surface of the armature coils /4a, #+b, . . . and the armature magnetic cores 15a, 15b, .
A magnetic path is closed at the S-pole rotation surface through the protrusions 15a-/, 15b-/, . . . , the tips 15a-, 2, 15b-2, .

Dotted line planes a and 2qc in FIG. 3(C) show a part of the above-mentioned magnetic path.

The S-pole rotating surface and the N-pole rotating surface of the magnet rotor lO in Fig. 2 (C) connect the outer casing/shoe inner surface and the armature coils/otsu a,/otsu, . . . through a small gap, respectively. It faces the upper coil part.

The direction of the windings of the armature coils /Aa, /Ab,...
It is radial.

As can be understood from the above configuration, when each armature coil is energized in a predetermined direction from a DC power source, Lorentz force due to Fleming's law is generated, and the magnet rotor l
A torque in the / direction is obtained at O, and it becomes a DC motor that drives the load 7a.

Furthermore, when the rotating shaft l is rotated by the drive source, induced voltages are generated in each armature coil, and when these voltages are added and derived, a generator is obtained. Other effects are the same as in the previous embodiment.

FIG. 9(C) shows a modification of part 7 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3(c).

FIG. 9(c) is a view of only the vicinity of the armature magnetic core 15a and armature coil/4a in FIG. 3(C) as seen from the direction of arrow B. The other armatures have the same configuration.

In Fig. 1(c), a dotted line 10c indicates the N-pole rotation surface of the magnet rotor IO.

Armature core/! Both legs of a U-shaped mild steel yoke /Aa/ are fixed to ;a.

The magnetic flux due to the armature coil /6a is indicated by the dotted line 23, and the magnetic flux due to the N pole of the magnet rotor is indicated by the dotted line 23a.

231).

A difference occurs in the magnetic flux passing through the left and right legs of the magnetic yoke /4a-/. That is, in the left leg, it is the difference between the magnetic fluxes 3 and 23a, and in the right leg, it is the sum of the two.

Therefore, the magnet rotor 2 receives a force in the direction of arrow E and rotates.

Since the magnetic path of the magnetic flux caused by the armature coil/Aa is closed by the magnetic material, the amount of magnetic flux is increased and an electric motor with a large driving force can be obtained.

Next, the features when the device of the present invention is configured as a generator or an electric motor will be described below.

Since a constant current always flows in one direction through the armature coil, there is no change in the stored magnetic energy. Therefore, in the case of an electric motor, an output torque without torque ripple can be obtained, and in the case of a generator, a voltage output proportional to the rotation speed without voltage ripple can be obtained. Furthermore, when there is a speed fluctuation, a voltage output with quick response can be obtained, so it can provide an effective technology as a tacho generator.

Since it has a brushless configuration and does not require an electronic circuit for controlling energization of the armature coil, a small, inexpensive, and heat-resistant generator or motor can be obtained.

It has the feature that a rectifier for switching the energization of the armature coil is not required.

Since there is no storage and release of magnetic energy in the armature coil,
Even at high speeds, there is no generation of counter torque (a high-speed electric motor with good efficiency can be obtained. Also, since there is no iron loss, the efficiency is good).

Since the armature current does not change and its direction does not change, it is characterized by eliminating electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration.

In the case of an electric motor, by using one of the multiple armature coils as a power generation coil and the others as torque generation coils, the energization of the armature coil can be controlled by the output of the power generation coil. Constant speed control can be performed. Since the output of the generator coil does not lag over time,
It has the characteristic of providing accurate and responsive constant speed control.

〔effect〕

First effect: An electric motor with flat torque characteristics without torque ripple or a generator without ripple voltage can be obtained.

The second effect rectifier is not required, the structure is brushless, and the energization control circuit for armature current control is eliminated.

Third effect: Since no reaction torque is generated, a high-speed electric motor can be obtained.

The second effect is that there is no iron loss (no counter torque is generated), so a highly efficient electric motor or generator can be obtained.

Fifth Effect: Since the amount of current flowing through the armature coil does not change and the direction of current flowing does not change either, electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration are significantly reduced.

Since there is no switching of the sixth effect phase, there is no iron loss. Therefore, a soft steel material, or a sintered product of mild steel powder or silicon steel powder can be used as the magnetic core. Therefore, the configuration becomes easy.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of the external appearance of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the device of the present invention, FIG. 3(a) is a plan view of the magnet rotor, and FIG. 3(b) (C ) is a plan view of the stator including the armature of the device of the present invention, and FIG.
) as seen from the direction of arrow B, FIG. 9(b). is a plan view of the armature core and armature coil in Figure 3(C),
FIG. 4(C) shows an explanatory diagram of FIG. 3(C) viewed from the direction of arrow B. /...rotating shaft, /ri...outer casing, 3a, Jb...
Bearing, 2... Mild steel rotor, g, /c... Non-magnetic stator, 3... Cylinder, +, 10... Magnet rotor, 5 a + 5 b 1 ''' + 'Ota
, /Ab...armature coil. ? a-...Load, /, 2a, /ub, -, /
3a, /j'b. ... Armature core, /2a-/, /, 2a-, 2, /
, 2b-/. /2b +2. -, /ja-/, 15a-, 2, 15b
-/. 1sb-λ... Protrusion, 7... Mild steel ring, 9
...Support, ga, gb,..., //a,
//b, ... air hole, daC... magnet rotating surface of N-pole rotation, 2323a, 23b, , 2/la
, Yu4! c...Curve of magnetic path of magnetic flux. +23 2 sub(C>i''15d-/' //

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A disk-shaped magnetic rotor whose rotating surfaces on both sides are uniformly magnetized to N and S poles, respectively, and a magnetic body that forms a magnetic path attached to the side surface of one pole of the magnetic rotor. A rotor, a rotating shaft fixed to the center of the magnetic rotor,
A bearing provided at the center of the stator made of a flat plate-shaped non-magnetic material rotatably supports the aforementioned rotating shaft, and the magnetic path open end face of the magnet rotor is connected to the side surface of the stator through a gap. a plurality of armatures in which armature coils are wound around armature cores made of a flat, rectangular magnetic material, and a winding direction of the armature coils is in the radial direction; In addition, a plurality of armatures are buried and fixed in the stator at equal pitches, spaced apart from each other, so that the coil portion of the flat side surface of the armature coil faces the opposing magnetic pole surface of the magnet rotor with a slight air gap. means for closing the magnetic path by causing the protrusion of each armature core to face a portion of the magnetic rotor with a slight air gap; An electromagnetic rotating machine characterized in that it is configured as either a generator that derives a generated voltage or a DC motor that generates an output torque in one direction in a magnet rotor when electricity is applied to each armature coil. (2) A disc-shaped magnetic rotor whose rotating surfaces on both sides are uniformly magnetized to N and S poles, a rotating shaft fixed to the center of the magnet rotor, and a disc-shaped magnetic body, respectively. The rotating shaft is rotatably supported by an outer casing made of a non-magnetic material, the outer periphery of which is fixed, and a bearing provided at the center of the stator. a plurality of armatures each having armature coils wound around an armature core made of a flat rectangular magnetic material; A plurality of electrical machines are installed on the stator so that the winding direction is radial, and the coil part on the flat side surface of the armature coil faces the opposing magnetic pole surface of the magnet rotor with a slight gap. A means for embedding and fixing the magnets at equal pitches apart from each other, a means for closely fixing the protruding part of each armature magnetic core to the outer periphery of the outer casing to close the magnetic path, and rotation of the magnet rotor. An electromagnetic rotating machine characterized in that it is configured as either a generator that derives a generated voltage induced in a coil, or a DC motor that generates an output torque in one direction in a magnet rotor when electricity is applied to each armature coil. .