JP2897057B2 - Electromagnetic rotating machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application field] The present invention is used as a generator (tachogenerator) which is proportional to the rotation speed and has no voltage ripple and noise or a high-efficiency DC motor having no output torque ripple.

[Conventional technology]

Although many techniques having a configuration similar to the apparatus of the present invention have been proposed, there are many that have theoretical errors, and no examples have been put to practical use. For example, there is a technique described in JP-A-53-89911.

[Problems to be solved by the present invention]

First Problem Since a multi-phase generator includes a ripple voltage in its DC output, a DC output proportional to the number of revolutions cannot be obtained. If the ripple voltage is smoothed by a capacitor, a delay occurs. In addition, there is a problem that a voltage that accurately follows a change in the rotation speed cannot be obtained, which becomes a drawback when used as a tachogenerator.

Second Problem In the case of a DC motor having a plurality of phases, particularly a brushless DC motor, the number of phases is small, so that there is a problem that torque ripple, electronic noise and mechanical vibration are generated.

Third Problem In the case of a brushless generator or a DC motor, the rectifier is a semiconductor circuit, which is expensive, and there is a problem that electromagnetic noise is generated at the time of phase switching. There is also a drawback of generating mechanical vibration.

Fourth Problem In the case of a DC motor, when a brushless motor is used, the number of phases is one to three, so that it takes time to extinguish and store the magnetic energy of the armature coil at the time of phase switching.

Therefore, when the speed is high, there is a problem that the generation of the anti-torque increases, there is a limit to the increase of the rotation speed, and the efficiency is deteriorated. At high speeds (100,000 revolutions per minute or more), there is a problem that the iron loss increases, the calorific value increases, and the efficiency deteriorates.

Fifth problem There is a problem in that there is iron loss due to the disappearance and accumulation of the magnetic energy of the armature coil, and the efficiency is deteriorated. When the speed is high, there is a large problem as described above.

[Means for solving the problem]

First Means A disk-shaped magnet rotor whose rotating surfaces on both sides are magnetized to N and S poles in a uniform manner, respectively, and a magnetized magnetic path adhered to a side surface of one pole of the magnet rotor. The above-mentioned rotating shaft is rotatably supported by a body rotor, a rotating shaft fixed to the center of the magnet rotor, and a bearing provided at the center of the stator made of a flat non-magnetic material. With
Means for causing the magnetic path open end face of the magnet rotor to face the side face of the stator via a gap, and a plurality of armatures in which an armature coil is wound around an armature core made of a flat and rectangular magnetic material. The armature coil is fixed so that the winding direction of the armature coil is in the radial direction, and the coil portion on the flat side surface of the armature coil faces the opposing magnetic pole surface of the magnet rotor with a small gap. Means for embedding and fixing a plurality of armatures to the armature at an equal pitch apart from each other, and closing the magnetic path by making the protruding portion of each armature core face a part of the magnetic rotor via a slight gap. Means and a generator for deriving a generated voltage induced in each armature coil by rotation of the magnet rotor or a DC motor for generating one-way output torque to the magnet rotor when energized to each armature coil. Configure as either The is intended.

Second Means A disk-shaped magnet rotor whose rotating surfaces on both sides are respectively magnetized to N and S poles in a uniform manner, a rotating shaft fixed to the center of the magnet rotor, and a disk-shaped magnet The rotating shaft is rotatably supported by an outer housing made of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material and having an outer peripheral portion fixed thereto and a bearing provided at a central portion of the stator. Means for opposing the inner surface of the housing and the stator via a small gap, a plurality of armatures obtained by winding an armature coil around an armature core made of a flat and rectangular magnetic material, and an armature coil So that the winding direction of the armature coil is in the radial direction, and the coil portion on the flat side surface of the armature coil is opposed to the facing magnetic pole surface of the magnet rotor via a slight gap. Means for burying and fixing the armatures at an equal pitch apart from each other; Means for closing the magnetic path by closely fixing the protruding portion of each armature core to the outer peripheral portion of the outer casing, and a generator or each motor for deriving a generated voltage induced in each armature coil by rotation of the magnet rotor This is configured as any one of DC motors that generates a unidirectional output torque to the magnet rotor when current is supplied to the child coil.

[Action]

The first to fifth problems, which are the problems described above, are the well-known ones.
It is a common drawback of two-phase, two-phase and three-phase motors. This may be a problem due to the concept of phases. What is deduced from the concept of 3,2,1,0 is that the above-mentioned problem is eliminated by escaping from the concept of phase and forming a zero-phase, ie, phaseless, motor.

The device of the present invention constitutes a phaseless motor, and
It is a solution to the above problem.

 Next, the operation will be described.

Since the armature coil is always energized in one direction at a set value, there is no phase switching and there is no large ingress or egress of the magnetic energy of the armature coil.

Therefore, when used as a generator, the first problem is solved because there is an operation of obtaining a voltage output with good responsiveness that is accurately proportional to the rotation speed.

When used as an electric motor, for the same reason, there is no torque ripple and electric or mechanical vibration is eliminated, so that the second problem is solved.

Since a rectifier for phase switching is not required, a semiconductor control circuit including a Hall element for the rectification is not required, and an electric motor that obtains the driving force of the rotor can be obtained only by energizing the armature coil from the DC power supply.

 The situation described above is the same in the case of a generator.

 Therefore, the third problem is solved.

Since there is no increase or decrease in the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil, there is no generation of a counter torque due to the release of the magnetic energy when the energization is cut off as in a general electric motor. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-speed (more than 100,000 revolutions per minute) electric motor, so that the fourth problem is solved.

Although the armature coil has a magnetic core, there is no change in the amount of magnetic flux passing therethrough, so that an electric motor with no iron loss and high efficiency can be obtained.

 Therefore, there is an operation to solve the fifth problem.

〔Example〕

Details of the apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same members, and a duplicate description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 1 is an external view of the device of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, a central portion of a cup-shaped mild steel rotor 2 having a magnet rotor 4 provided inside is fixed to a rotating shaft 1.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a disk-shaped stator made of non-magnetic material such as plastic.

FIG. 2 (a) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 as viewed from the direction of arrow F. The details of the configuration will be described with reference to both figures.

In FIG. 2 (a), a central part of a rotor 2 made of cup-shaped mild steel is fixed to a rotating shaft 1, and an annular magnet rotor 4 is fixed inside the rotor 2. I have. The magnet rotor 4 is shown in FIG.

Both side surfaces of the magnet rotor 4 are uniformly magnetized to the N and S poles.

The S pole face of the magnet rotor 4 is attached to the rotor 2.

A metal cylinder 3 is embedded and fixed in the center of a disk-shaped stator 8 (dotted portion) made of a non-magnetic material, for example, plastic molding, and a rotating shaft is formed by ball bearings 3a and 3b fitted therein. Numeral 1 is configured not to move up and down with respect to the cylinder 3.

The symbol 7a is a load driven by the torque transmitting member indicated by the arrow C. In this case, the symbol 7a is a motor, and the symbol 7a is a drive source. When the rotary shaft 1 is driven, it is a generator.

Symbols 12a and 12c are armatures around which armature coils 5a and 5c are wound. Each armature is embedded in the stator 8.

The details of the above-described armature will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3 (b), circular holes 8a, 8b,... Are screw holes for fixing the stator 8 to the main body.

FIG. 3 (b) is a plan view of FIG. 2 (a) viewed from the direction of arrow D. The armature coils 5a, 5b,... Are wound around the armature cores 12a, 12b,.

Dotted lines 4a and 4b indicate the circumferential surfaces of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the magnet rotor 4.

Accordingly, the upper flat portion of each armature coil faces the N-pole rotating surface of the magnet rotor 4 with a small gap.

The armature core can be made of a sintered body of mild steel or magnetic powder.

The winding direction of the windings of the armature coils 5a, 5b,... Is radial, and the armatures are buried in the stator 8 at equal intervals.

The ends of the protruding portions 12a-1, 12b-1,... Of the armature magnetic cores 12a, 12b,.

Ring 7 (shown in FIG. 2 (a) by the same symbol)
The upper side face is opposed to the inside of the rotor 2 via a small gap, and the magnetic path is closed.

Next, details will be described with reference to FIG. 4 (a), taking the armature coil 5a wound on the armature core 12a as an example.

FIG. 4 (a) is an enlarged view of only the vicinity of the armature magnetic core 12a and the armature coil 5a of FIG. 2 (a).
FIG. 3B is also a side view as viewed from the direction of arrow B.

In FIG. 4A, reference numeral 2 denotes a part of the rotor 2. Symbols 8a and 8b indicate the upper and lower surfaces of the stator 8, respectively.

Dotted line 4c indicates the N pole rotation surface of magnet rotor 4.

The tip 2a-2 of the projection 12a-1 of the armature core 12a is attached to the mild steel ring 7.

The ring 7 faces the rotor 2 with a small gap.

The other armatures have the same configuration. The tips of the protruding portions of the armature cores 12b, 12c, and 12d are attached and fixed to the ring 7, and the upper surface of the ring 7 is connected to the rotor 2 through a small gap. The magnetic path is closed facing the inside.

The protruding portions of the armature core described above are indicated by the same symbols by dotted lines in FIG.

As understood from the above configuration, the magnetic flux of the N pole of the magnet rotor 4 penetrates through the upper coil portions of the armature coils, and the armature magnetic cores 12a, 12b,.
The magnetic path is closed at the S pole surface through the ring 7 and the rotor 2.

A dotted arrow 24a in FIG. 3 (b) indicates a part of the magnetic path described above.

When a current is supplied to each armature coil in a predetermined direction from a DC power supply, a driving force of Lorentz force is generated according to Fleming's law, and the magnet rotor 4 becomes a DC motor capable of obtaining a driving force in one direction.

Also, the generator is a generator in which the magnet rotor 4 is rotated by the driving source by the rotating shaft 1.

In the case of a generator, each armature coil is preferably connected in series. The number of armatures is four in the embodiment, but can be increased or decreased as needed.

The principle of driving torque generation is that a DC motor having an output similar to a known voice coil motor can be obtained. When the magnet rotor 4 is driven in one direction by a drive source,
Since an induced voltage is generated in each armature coil, a series connection is made, and the induced voltage is added to derive to form a generator. In the case of small output, it can be used as a tachogenerator.

 The effect is the same as when the motor is used.

 This is an effective means because there is no ripple in the output voltage.

When the armature core is magnetically saturated, the leakage magnetic flux increases, which generates an anti-torque. Therefore, it is necessary to make the cross-sectional area of the armature core large enough to prevent this.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 2B is obtained by modifying the protrusion of the armature core of the above-described embodiment, and FIG. 2B shows only the right half. The left half has the same configuration.

The protruding portion 12c-1 of the armature core 12c shown in FIG. 2 (a) is removed, and the protruding bent portion 12c-3 protrudes from the right side, and faces the outer rotating surface of the rotor 2 via a slight gap. The magnetic path is closed.

 The function and effect are the same as in the previous embodiment.

In this case, iron loss occurs in the rotor 2. To remove the iron loss, a mild steel cylinder is adhered to the inside of the protrusion 12 c-3, and the inside thereof is fixed to the outside of the rotor 2. It is necessary to face the rotating surface. The other armature cores have exactly the same configuration.

 FIG. 2 (c) shows another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.

In FIG. 2 (c), the cup-shaped outer casing 14 is made of mild steel, and the stator 11 (dotted portion) serving as the lower outer casing is a disc-shaped one made by plastic molding. Outer case 1
4, the rotating shaft 1 is rotatably supported by ball bearings 3a and 3b provided at the center of the stator 11.

The outer peripheries of the outer casing 14 and the stator 11 are fastened by screws at dotted lines 11a and 11b.

A ring-shaped support 9 is fixed to the rotating shaft 1, and an inner peripheral portion of an annular magnet rotor 10 is fixed to an outer periphery of the ring 9.

 The support 9 is made of a non-magnetic material.

The front and back of the rotating surface of the magnet rotor 10 have N,
Magnetized to S.

Disk-shaped stator 11 made by plastic molding
The armature cores 15a and 15c and the armature coils 16a and 16c wound around the cores are embedded and fixed to the (dotted portions).

The stator 11 viewed from the direction of arrow D is shown in FIG. 3 (c), and its details will be described.

In FIG. 3 (c), the stator 11 has an armature core 15
.. are buried and fixed at equal pitches apart from each other together with the wound armature coils 16a, 16b,.

FIG. 4 (b) shows only the armature magnetic core 15a, the armature coil 16a, and the protrusions 15a-1, 15a-2.

The holes 11a, 11b,... In FIG.
Are screw holes for screwing the outer peripheral portion.

The armature cores 15a, 15b,... Are rectangular magnetic plates and are made of a sintered body of mild steel or magnetic powder, and are provided with protrusions 15a-1, 15b-1,.

The tip portions 15a-2, 15b-2, ... of the protrusions 15a-1, 15b-1, ...
Is extended to the outer peripheral portion of the stator 11, and the upper surfaces thereof are
The magnetic path between the armature core and the outer housing 14 is closed when the outer housing 14 and the stator 11 are exposed on the upper surface of the stator 11 and screwed around the outer periphery.

Therefore, the magnetic flux of the N pole on the N pole rotating surface of the magnet rotor 10 penetrates through the coil portions on the upper surfaces of the armature coils 16a, 16b,... And the armature magnetic cores 15a, 15b,. , 15b−1,…
The magnetic path is closed by the S pole rotating surface through the outer case 14 and the end portions 15a-2, 15b-2,.

The dotted curve 24c in FIG. 3 (c) shows a part of the above-described magnetic path.

The S-pole rotating surface of the magnet rotor 10 and N in FIG.
The polar rotating surfaces face the inner surface of the outer casing 14 and the coil portions on the upper surfaces of the armature coils 16a, 16b,.

The winding directions of the armature coils 16a, 16b,... Are radial.

As understood from the above configuration, when a current is supplied to each armature coil from a DC power supply in a predetermined direction, Lorentz force is generated according to Fleming's law, and the magnet rotor is driven.
The DC motor 10 receives a torque in one direction and drives the load 7a.

In addition, when the rotating shaft 1 is rotated by the driving source, an induced voltage is generated in each armature coil. Other functions and effects are the same as those of the previous embodiment.

FIG. 4 (c) is a partial modification of the embodiment of FIG. 3 (c).

FIG. 4C is a view of only the vicinity of the armature core 15a and the armature coil 16a in FIG. Other armatures have the same configuration.

In FIG. 4 (c), the dotted line 10c indicates the N pole rotation surface of the magnet rotor 10.

Both legs of a U-shaped mild steel yoke 16a-1 are fixed to the armature core 15a.

The magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 16a is indicated by a dotted line 23, and the magnetic flux generated by the N pole of the magnet rotor is indicated by dotted lines 23a and 23b.

A difference occurs in the magnetic flux passing through the left and right legs of the magnetic yoke 16a-1. That is, in the left leg, the difference between the magnetic fluxes 23 and 23a is obtained, and in the right leg, the sum of the two is obtained.

Therefore, the magnet rotor 2 rotates by receiving a force in the direction of arrow E.

Since the magnetic path of the magnetic flux by the armature coil 16a is closed by the magnetic material, the amount of magnetic flux increases, and there is an operational effect that an electric motor having a large driving force can be obtained.

Next, the features of the present invention when configured as a generator or a motor will be described below.

Since a constant current always flows in one direction in the armature coil, there is no change in the stored magnetic energy.
Therefore, in the case of a motor, an output torque without torque ripple can be obtained, and in the case of a generator, a voltage output proportional to the rotation speed that does not include voltage ripple can be obtained. In the case where there is a speed fluctuation, a voltage output with a quick response can be obtained, so that an effective technique as a tachogenerator can be provided.

The brushless configuration eliminates the need for an electronic circuit for controlling the energization of the armature coil, so that a small, inexpensive, heat-resistant generator or motor can be obtained.

There is a feature that a rectifier for switching the energization of the armature coil is not required.

Since there is no accumulation and release of magnetic energy of the armature coil, no anti-torque is generated even at high speed, and a high-efficiency high-speed motor can be obtained. Also, since there is no iron loss, the efficiency is improved.

Since the armature current does not change and its direction does not change,
The feature is that generation of electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration is eliminated.

In the case of a motor, by using one of a plurality of armature coils as a power generation coil and the other as a torque generating coil, the power supply of the armature coil can be controlled by the output of the power generation coil. Constant speed control can be performed. Since the output of the generating coil is not delayed, there is a feature that accurate and responsive constant speed control can be obtained.

〔effect〕

First Effect An electric motor having a flat torque characteristic without torque ripple or a generator having no ripple voltage can be obtained.

Second effect A rectifier is not required, brushless, and a power supply control circuit for armature current control is eliminated.

Third effect Since no anti-torque is generated, a high-speed electric motor can be obtained.

Fourth Effect Since there is no iron loss and no generation of anti-torque, an efficient motor or generator can be obtained.

Fifth Effect Since the amount of energization of the armature coil does not change and the direction of energization does not change, electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration are significantly reduced.

Sixth effect Since there is no phase switching, there is no iron loss. Therefore, a mild steel material or a sintered material of mild steel powder or silicon steel powder can be used as the magnetic core. Therefore, the configuration becomes easy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of the appearance of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the structure of the device of the present invention, FIG. 3 (a) is a plan view of a magnet rotor, 4) is a plan view of a stator including an armature of the device of the present invention, FIG. 4 (a) is an explanatory view of FIG. 3 (b) viewed from the direction of arrow B, and FIG. FIG. 4 (c) is a plan view of the armature core and the armature coil, and FIG. 4 (c) is an explanatory view of FIG. 3 (c) viewed from the direction of arrow B. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rotating shaft, 14 ... Outer casing, 3a, 3b ... Bearing, 2 ... Mild steel rotor, 8,11 ... Non-magnetic stator, 3 ... Cylindrical, 4,10 ... Magnet rotor, 5a, 5b, ..., 16a, 16b: armature coil, 7a: load, 12a, 12b, ..., 15a, 15b, ... armature core, 12a-1, 12a-
2,12b-1,12b-2, ..., 15a-1,15a-2,15b-1,15b-2 ...
Projection, 7: mild steel ring, 9: support, 8a, 8b, ..., 11a, 11
b, voids, 4c N-pole rotating surface of magnet rotor 4, 23,2
3a, 23b, 24a, 24c: Curves of magnetic flux paths.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A disk-shaped magnet rotator, whose rotating surfaces on both sides are uniformly magnetized to N and S poles, respectively, and a magnetic path adhered to a side surface of one pole of the magnet rotator. The above-mentioned rotary shaft is rotatably supported by a magnetic rotor, a rotary shaft fixed to the center of the magnet rotor, and a bearing provided at the center of the stator made of a flat non-magnetic material. Means for making the magnetic path open end face of the magnet rotor face the side face of the stator via a gap, and a plurality of armature coils wound around an armature core made of a flat and square magnetic material. So that the winding direction of the armature coil is in the radial direction, and the coil portion on the flat side surface of the armature coil is opposed to the facing magnetic pole surface of the magnet rotor via a slight gap. In addition, a plurality of armatures are separated from each other on the stator and have the same pitch. A means for burying and fixing, a means for closing a magnetic path by making a protruding portion of each armature core face a part of the magnetic rotor through a small gap, and a means for closing each magnetic path by rotating the magnet rotor. When power is applied to the generator or each armature coil that derives the induced generated voltage,
An electromagnetic rotating machine configured as any one of a DC motor that generates a unidirectional output torque to a magnet rotor. 2. A disk-shaped magnet rotor whose rotating surfaces on both sides are magnetized to have N and S poles, respectively, a rotating shaft fixed to the center of the magnet rotor, and a disk-shaped magnet respectively. The rotating shaft is rotatably supported by an outer housing made of a magnetic material or a non-magnetic material and having an outer peripheral portion fixed thereto and a bearing provided at a central portion of the stator. Means for facing the inner surface of the housing and the stator via a small gap, a plurality of armatures obtained by winding an armature coil around an armature magnetic core made of a flat and rectangular magnetic material,
The stator is arranged so that the winding direction of the armature coil is in the radial direction, and the coil on the flat side surface of the armature coil is opposed to the facing magnetic pole surface of the magnet rotor via a slight gap. Means for embedding and fixing a plurality of armatures at an equal pitch apart from each other, means for closely fixing the protruding portion of each armature core to the outer peripheral portion of the outer casing and closing the magnetic path, and rotation of the magnet rotor A generator that derives a generated voltage induced in each armature coil or a DC motor that generates a unidirectional output torque to a magnet rotor when energized to each armature coil. Electromagnetic rotating machine.